CN1081337C - Satellite (Airplane)-ground integrated land-based microwave scatterometer - Google Patents
Satellite (Airplane)-ground integrated land-based microwave scatterometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN1081337C CN1081337C CN 97125787 CN97125787A CN1081337C CN 1081337 C CN1081337 C CN 1081337C CN 97125787 CN97125787 CN 97125787 CN 97125787 A CN97125787 A CN 97125787A CN 1081337 C CN1081337 C CN 1081337C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a ground object microwave spectrum measuring technique which is composed of an emission unit 1, a power and pulse control unit 2, a calibration switch 3, a transceiving circulator 4, a transceiving aerial 5, a calibration branch circuit 6, a receiving switch 7, a receiving and amplifying unit 8, a demodulation sampling unit 9, a digital processing and frequency spectrum analyzing unit 10, and a main control computer 11. The present invention simulates the mechanism for a spaceborne synthetic aperture radar to carry out the back scattering measurement of ground objects, and the compatibility that the synthetic aperture radar can achieve as far as possible, from bandwidth and penetration depth to the utmost extent so that the measured back scattering spectrum of the ground objects can be accurately used for the inversion of images of the synthetic aperture radar.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of microwave remote sensing quantification wave spectrum measuring technique, particularly relate to a kind of star (machine) satellite (Airplane)-ground integrated land-based microwave scatterometer that the diameter radar image quantification is used that is used for.
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is important microwave earth observation (remote sensing) instrument that development in recent years is got up.It has round-the-clock, round-the-clock and characteristics that the imaging resolution is high.The same with visible light and infrared remote sensing, the quantification of synthetic-aperture radar SAR image is used the technology that not only needs to carry out the Flame Image Process aspect, also need to carry out the inverting of picture material with the ground-object spectrum database of different gray-scale value correspondences in the image.Obtaining mainly of ground-object spectrum data obtains by the actual measurement of continental rise microwave scatterometer at present.
Conventional continental rise microwave scatterometer continuous wave frequency (FM-CW) standard of sampling usually.The scattering of this standard is counted the stability that improves measurement data and is all had very wide frequency band usually, generally reaches 15% at least, and when the 5.3GHz, bandwidth can reach more than the 800MHz as centre frequency.In addition, it to the output power of its transmitter without limits, what make usually that measurement data reaches 40dB dynamically is target.Such scatterometer technology is ripe and be widely used in the wave spectrum surveying work before satellite-borne synthetic aperture radar Heaven.The actual measurement wave spectrum that uses in diameter radar image application work at present also is to be measured by such continental rise scatterometer.
But above-mentioned conventional continental rise microwave scatterometer is being used for that following main deficiency is arranged when diameter radar image is used the wave spectrum measurement:
1, signal bandwidth and synthetic-aperture radar are not inconsistent (bandwidth of synthetic-aperture radar has only tens MHz), and be average thereby measured wave spectrum is an atural object to many frequency responses, can not simulate the measurement result of synthetic-aperture radar exactly on the ground;
2, the dynamic and synthetic-aperture radar of emissive power or receiver does not have homogeneity, thereby can obtain the ground penetration degree of depth different with synthetic-aperture radar.So also just can not obtain the measurement result same with synthetic-aperture radar;
3, the continental rise scatterometer of continuous wave frequency standard will use the two cover antenna systems that emission separates with reception, and this because operating distance is less, can introduces certain beam pointing error, thereby influence measuring accuracy when the continental rise platform measuring.
Referring to " radar system introduction " (National Defense Industry Press's in February, 1992 first published) chapter 3 of [U.S.] M.I. Skolnik work, " continuous wave radar and frequency modulated(FM) radar ".
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of and spaceborne or the same frequency of airborne synthetic aperture radar, same polarization, same bandwidth, same penetration depth has the more continental rise microwave scatterometer of high measurement accuracy.Such scatterometer is called the ground integrated continental rise microwave scatterometer of star (machine).
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: the continental rise microwave scatterometer that a kind of star (machine) is ground integrated is characterized in that:
This scatterometer is by transmitter unit 1, power and pulse control unit 2, calibration switch 3, transmitting-receiving circulator 4, dual-mode antenna 5, calibration branch road 6, receiving key 7, receive amplifying unit 8, detection sampling unit 9, digital processing and spectral analysis unit 10 and main control computer 11 are formed; Wherein,
Transmitter unit 1 at first produces continuous carrier (CW) signal identical with the synthetic-aperture radar signal center frequency under the control of main control computer 11, and delivers to power and pulse control unit 2 after amplifying; Power and pulse control unit 2 according to the penetration depth of synthetic-aperture radar, are adjusted the output power of transmitter unit 1 under the control of main control computer 11, and the continuous carrier signal is intercepted, to obtain suitable transmit signal pulse width; Calibration switch 3 is switched the transponder pulse signal by power and pulse control unit 2 outputs under the control of main control computer 11, when calibration switch 3 is connected transmitting-receiving circulator 4, scatterometer is in the measurement state, transmit and be connected to dual-mode antenna 5 and radiate by transmitting-receiving circulator 4, behind clutter reflections, ground echo receives through same dual-mode antenna 5, delivers to receiving key 7 by transmitting-receiving circulator 4; When calibration switch 3 was connected calibration branch road 6, scatterometer was in align mode, transmitted to be introduced into calibration branch road 6 also through arriving receiving key 7 again after the transmission delay suitable with the practical function distance; Be sent to the reception amplifying unit 8 that receives or calibrating signal is amplified in microwave frequency by receiving key 7 respectively via calibration branch road 6 calibrating signal of coming with via the measuring-signal that transmitting-receiving circulator 4 receives, receive in the amplifying unit 8 and be inserted with automatic gain control circuit, and controlled by main control computer 11; Receive and send into detection sampling unit 9, direct detection under main control computer 11 controls after amplifying unit 8 amplifies signal; This signal is admitted to digital processing and spectral analysis unit 10 then, carries out digital processing and spectrum analysis under main control computer 11 controls, obtains The ultimate results.
By above scheme, the present invention mainly from bandwidth and penetration depth two aspects to greatest extent simulation star (machine) borne synthetic aperture radar carry out the mechanism that the atural object back scattering is measured, make the ground integrated continental rise microwave scatterometer of star (machine) reach big as far as possible compatibility, thereby the atural object back scattering wave spectrum that this scatterometer can be measured is applied to the inverting of diameter radar image more exactly with synthetic-aperture radar.
Accompanying drawing 1 is a structured flowchart of the present invention.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, describe the course of work of the present invention in detail.
The present invention is by transmitter unit 1, power and pulse control unit 2, calibration switch 3, transmitting-receiving circulator 4, dual-mode antenna 5, calibration branch road 6, receiving key 7, receive amplifying unit 8, detection sampling unit 9, digital processing and spectral analysis unit 10 and main control computer 11 are formed.
Transmitter unit 1 at first produces continuous carrier (CW) signal identical with the synthetic-aperture radar signal center frequency under the control of main control computer 11, and is amplified to and delivers to power and pulse control unit 2 more than the 1W.The penetration depth that power and pulse control unit 2 can reach on the ground according to different spaceborne or airborne synthetic aperture radars under the control of main control computer 11, the output power of adjustment transmitter unit 1; And according to the platform antenna height continuous carrier signal is intercepted, to obtain suitable transmit signal pulse width, be under very narrow frequency band, to carry out thereby guarantee to measure.Output of the power of 11 pairs of power of main control computer and pulse control unit 2 and pulse width are regulated according to application target and podium level and then signal are sent into calibration switch 3.Calibration switch 3 is switched the transponder pulse signal by power and pulse control unit 2 outputs under the control of main control computer 11.When calibration switch 3 is connected transmitting-receiving circulator 4, scatterometer is in the measurement state, transmits to be connected to dual-mode antenna 5 and to be radiate by transmitting-receiving circulator 4, behind clutter reflections, ground echo receives through same dual-mode antenna 5, delivers to receiving key 7 by transmitting-receiving circulator 4; When calibration switch 3 was connected calibration branch road 6, scatterometer was in align mode, transmitted to be introduced into calibration branch road 6 also through arriving receiving key 7 again after the transmission delay suitable with the practical function distance.The effect of calibration branch road 6 is that scatterometer is carried out interior calibration, to eliminate the instability of bringing owing to transmitter unit 1 and the gain drift that receives amplifying unit 8.The major function of receiving key 7 be when increasing the measurement state with transmitter unit 1 between isolation to avoid receiving cable and block and to connect when the align mode and calibrate branch road.Be sent to by receiving key 7 respectively via calibration branch road 6 calibrating signal of coming with via the measuring-signal that transmitting-receiving circulator 4 receives and receive amplifying unit 8.The major function that receives amplifying unit 8 is that reception or calibrating signal are amplified in microwave frequency.Because exomonental narrower in width, the mode that can not adopt frequency conversion to amplify should be very high so receive the power amplification multiple of amplifying unit 8, is generally 60dB.Passage blocks when preventing overflow, receives in the amplifying unit 8 and should insert automatic gain control circuit, and controlled by main control computer 11.Receive and to send into detection sampling unit 9 after amplifying unit 8 amplifies signal and carry out direct detection, this signal is admitted to digital processing and spectral analysis unit 10 is carried out digital processing and spectrum analysis then, obtains The ultimate results.The major function of detection sampling unit 9 is that the time-domain signal of butt joint folding and unfolding big unit 8 outputs carries out envelope detection and carries out high speed analog-digital conversion (A/D) conversion, will simulate time-domain signal and as far as possible intactly be converted to digital signal.Corresponding different ground object targets, main control computer 11 can be selected different sampling rates.The major function of digital processing and spectral analysis unit 10 has four: the one, determine that antenna arrives the operating distance of target time of arrival thereby calculate echo; The 2nd, if because the restriction transponder pulse of operating distance is too narrow, scatter the bandwidth (usually so) that bandwidth surpasses the synthetic-aperture radar signal that needs simulation, digital processing and spectral analysis unit 10 will leach the signal bandwidth that needs from signal; The 3rd, from the measuring-signal of complexity, solve the signal of only returning, with other influence of avoiding bringing from antenna beam secondary lobe or surrounding environment by the inscattering of antenna main beam areal coverage; Be that echo power is demarcated at last, to export measurement result to computing machine.Main control computer 11 is to coordinate and the maincenter of commanding total system.The work that it can control transmitter unit 1 with stop, the power output and the switching sequence of pulse width, calibration switch 3 and receiving key 7, the auto-gain circuit of reception amplifying unit 8 of power and pulse control unit 2, the processing and the analytical parameters of the sampling rate of detection sampling unit 9, digital processing and spectral analysis unit 10, as: echo time of arrival, the intercepting bandwidth, beam angle, amplitude standardization correction factor etc.Among the present invention, calibration switch 3 can be for general low Insertion Loss microwave switch, as the electric-controlled mechanical waveguide switch; Calibration switch 3 also can adopt miniwatt PIN microwave switch or other various forms of microwave switches.Transmitting-receiving circulator 4 is conventional ferrite toroidal device.Dual-mode antenna 5 comprises antenna rotating platform, and antenna itself can adopt the aperture antenna of reflecting surface or other form, the half-power beam width of antenna can be taken between 10 to 15 degree according to the difference of frequency of operation.Calibration branch road 6 realizes also can not having the chromatic dispersion delay line with surface acoustic wave by concentric cable usually.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of star (machine) satellite (Airplane)-ground integrated land-based microwave scatterometer is characterized in that:
This scatterometer is by transmitter unit (1), power and pulse control unit (2), calibration switch (3), transmitting-receiving circulator (4), dual-mode antenna (5), calibration branch road (6), receiving key (7), receive amplifying unit (8), detection sampling unit (9), digital processing and spectral analysis unit (10) and main control computer (11) are formed; Wherein,
Transmitter unit (1) at first produces continuous carrier (CW) signal identical with the synthetic-aperture radar signal center frequency under the control of main control computer (11), and delivers to power and pulse control unit (2) after amplifying; Power and pulse control unit (2) according to the penetration depth of synthetic-aperture radar, are adjusted the output power of transmitter unit (1) under the control of main control computer (11), and the continuous carrier signal is intercepted, to obtain suitable transmit signal pulse width; Calibration switch (3) is switched the transponder pulse signal by power and pulse control unit (2) output under the control of main control computer (11), when calibration switch (3) is connected transmitting-receiving circulator (4), scatterometer is in the measurement state, transmit and be connected to dual-mode antenna (5) and radiate by transmitting-receiving circulator (4), behind clutter reflections, ground echo receives through same dual-mode antenna (5), delivers to receiving key (7) by transmitting-receiving circulator (4); When calibration switch (3) was connected calibration branch road (6), scatterometer was in align mode, transmitted to be introduced into calibration branch road (6) also through arriving receiving key (7) again after the transmission delay suitable with the practical function distance; The measuring-signal that receives via calibration branch road (6) calibrating signal of coming with via transmitting-receiving circulator (4) is sent to the reception amplifying unit (8) that reception or calibrating signal are amplified in microwave frequency by receiving key (7) respectively, receive in the amplifying unit (8) and be inserted with automatic gain control circuit, and controlled by main control computer (11); Receive and send into detection sampling unit (9), direct detection under main control computer (11) control after amplifying unit (8) amplifies signal; This signal is admitted to digital processing and spectral analysis unit (10) then, carries out digital processing and spectrum analysis under main control computer (11) control, obtains The ultimate results.
2, star as claimed in claim 1 (machine) satellite (Airplane)-ground integrated land-based microwave scatterometer, it is characterized in that: described transmitter unit (1) is to have to produce the continuous carrier signal identical with the synthetic-aperture radar signal center frequency, and is amplified to the above transmitter unit of 1W.
3, star as claimed in claim 1 (machine) satellite (Airplane)-ground integrated land-based microwave scatterometer, it is characterized in that: described calibration switch (3) comprises low Insertion Loss microwave switch, electric-controlled mechanical waveguide switch, miniwatt PIN microwave switch or other various forms of microwave switches.
4, star as claimed in claim 3 (machine) satellite (Airplane)-ground integrated land-based microwave scatterometer is characterized in that: described low Insertion Loss microwave switch is the electric-controlled mechanical waveguide switch.
5, star as claimed in claim 1 (machine) satellite (Airplane)-ground integrated land-based microwave scatterometer is characterized in that: described transmitting-receiving circulator (4) is conventional ferrite toroidal device.
6, star as claimed in claim 1 (machine) satellite (Airplane)-ground integrated land-based microwave scatterometer, it is characterized in that: described dual-mode antenna (5) comprises antenna rotating platform, antenna itself can adopt the aperture antenna of reflecting surface or other form, the half-power beam width of antenna to be taken between 10 to 15 degree according to the difference of frequency of operation.
7, star as claimed in claim 1 (machine) satellite (Airplane)-ground integrated land-based microwave scatterometer, it is characterized in that: described calibration branch road (6) comprises that concentric cable or surface acoustic wave do not have the chromatic dispersion delay line.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 97125787 CN1081337C (en) | 1997-12-30 | 1997-12-30 | Satellite (Airplane)-ground integrated land-based microwave scatterometer |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 97125787 CN1081337C (en) | 1997-12-30 | 1997-12-30 | Satellite (Airplane)-ground integrated land-based microwave scatterometer |
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| CN1191977A CN1191977A (en) | 1998-09-02 |
| CN1081337C true CN1081337C (en) | 2002-03-20 |
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| CN 97125787 Expired - Fee Related CN1081337C (en) | 1997-12-30 | 1997-12-30 | Satellite (Airplane)-ground integrated land-based microwave scatterometer |
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| CN100515243C (en) * | 2006-01-06 | 2009-07-22 | 成钢 | Cigarettes made from enhanced plant leaves with trace elements and production thereof |
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| CN1297825C (en) * | 2003-09-05 | 2007-01-31 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Synchronous colelcting and processing system for culture wave spectrum and poly culture information |
| CN101825698B (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2012-06-27 | 南京恩瑞特实业有限公司 | Scattering measurement system for microwave wideband multi-polarization single parabolic antenna |
| CN103675773B (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2015-10-21 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | A kind of scaler points to satellite the defining method aimed at |
| CN113791395B (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2023-11-17 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Simultaneous polarization measurement method based on orthogonal intermittent sampling modulation radar signal |
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| CN100515243C (en) * | 2006-01-06 | 2009-07-22 | 成钢 | Cigarettes made from enhanced plant leaves with trace elements and production thereof |
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