CN108133096A - Hitch dynamic reliability Forecasting Methodology based on MBD and SVM - Google Patents
Hitch dynamic reliability Forecasting Methodology based on MBD and SVM Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of hitch dynamic reliability Forecasting Methodologies based on MBD and SVM, include the following steps：The conceptual design of S1, reliability prediction.The MBD realizations of S2, reliability prediction scheme.The data processing of S3, MBD l-G simulation test.S4, reliability prediction determine reliability prediction result as a result, be compared according to experimental data with the numerical value in required standard.Hitch dynamic reliability Forecasting Methodology of the present invention based on MBD and SVM, the line of demarcation of hitch unlocking area and place of safety is provided, hitch dynamic reliability is judged for designer, reference is provided, with Curve guide impeller, raising hitch dynamic reliability, hook accident is avoided out to occur.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rolling stock technology field, specifically a kind of Forecasting Methodology of hitch dynamic reliability.
Background technology
Hitch component devices are the critical components of vehicle connection, and part geometry shape is sufficiently complex, between workpiece
There are gap, pass through motion collision implementation mechanism function.In vehicle actual motion, due to domestic rail route inclement condition, cause
Make hitch parts stress complicated.And coupler separation is the big chronic disease that annoying the normal transport production order.Whether hitch takes off
It is whether reliable and stable from, hitch dynamic property, direct relation safety of railway traffic.It is coupler separation accident complex genesis, random
Property is strong, fidelity factor is low, observation is poor, it is difficult to study the accident origin cause of formation by field test.
Foreign scholar analyzes locomotive coupler durability；Domestic scholars to the action principle of Anti-bouncing device for car coupler and
Current use condition conducts in-depth analysis, and by theory analysis and in-kind simulation, has shown that Anti-bouncing device for car coupler generates the original of separation
Cause, and on the basis of thinking lancet chain and hook shadoof is to cause hitch that separation main cause occurs, and search out the change of lancet chain
The reason of short.
But a set of ripe theoretical, technology and method support there is no to predict hitch dynamic reliability at present, it can not
Predict the situation of external world's random vibration acceleration when hitch is unlocked.
Invention content
According to the technical issues of set forth above, and provide a kind of hitch dynamic reliability prediction side based on MBD and SVM
Method, can not for solving to there is no a set of ripe theoretical, technology and method support to predict hitch dynamic reliability at present
The shortcomings that predicting the situation of external world's random vibration acceleration when hitch is unlocked.The technological means that the present invention uses is as follows：
A kind of hitch dynamic reliability Forecasting Methodology based on MBD and SVM, includes the following steps：
The conceptual design of S1, reliability prediction.
The MBD realizations of S2, reliability prediction scheme.
The data processing of S3, MBD l-G simulation test.
S4, reliability prediction result.
It is compared according to experimental data with the numerical value in required standard, determines reliability prediction result.
As in preferred steps S1, the conceptual design of reliability prediction specifically includes following steps：
S11, hitch dynamic reliability include：
The anti-jump dynamic reliability of the anti-jump dynamic reliability of the dynamic reliability, the level-one that carry of locking, two level, hitch are prevented point
From dynamic reliability.
S12, hitch dynamic reliability evaluation index determine.
The influence factor of S13 hitch dynamic reliabilities determines.
Hitch dynamic reliability bears random vibration acceleration direction with hitch and size is related, random vibration acceleration point
For independent Vertical Acceleration Ay, independent extensional vibration acceleration Ax, it is vertical with coupled longitudinal vibration acceleration Ax+y。
The specific design of scheme that S14, hitch dynamic reliability are predicted.
As in preferred steps S12, determining for the evaluation index of hitch dynamic reliability specifically includes following steps：
The dynamic reliability evaluation index that-locking carries：
In vehicle operation, locking is carried not by chain link pull-up, then it is reliable to put forward dynamic property for locking；Conversely, locking carries state property
It can be unreliable.
The anti-jump dynamic reliability evaluation index of-level-one：
In vehicle operation, coupler rotor lever is without departing from anti-diving tower, then the anti-jump dynamic property of level-one is reliable；Conversely, level-one is anti-jump
Dynamic property is unreliable.
The anti-jump dynamic reliability evaluation index of-two level：
In vehicle operation, latch-locking is less than coupler body inner surface, then the anti-jump dynamic property of two level is reliable；Conversely, two level is prevented
It is unreliable to jump dynamic property.
The dynamic reliability evaluation index of-hitch anti-separation：
In vehicle operation, the lock irony heart is less than or equal to 52mm relative to the vertical deviation of hook bolt, then hitch anti-separation dynamic
Dependable performance；Conversely, hitch anti-separation dynamic property is unreliable.
As in preferred steps S14, the specific design procedure of the scheme of hitch dynamic reliability prediction is as follows：
S141, experiment input：Hitch bears random vibration acceleration direction and size.
S142, determining, the judgement hitch dynamic reliability according to the evaluation index of hitch dynamic reliability in step S12.
S143, test accuracy ε：According to actual conditions, precision is rationally set.
S144, hitch bear random vibration acceleration direction and include individually vertical, independent longitudinal direction, vertical and Longitudinal data feelings
Condition.
As in preferred steps S2, the MBD realizations of reliability prediction scheme are as follows：
S21, MBD are modeled.
The establishment of S211, hitch geometrical model, the establishment of S212, hitch physical model, S213, hitch mathematical model wound
It builds.
S21, MBD are solved：
After mathematical model is established, many-body dynamics software can be according to the kinematics, reverse dynamics, dynamic in solver
Mechanics scheduling algorithm is iterated solution to the mathematical model established, obtains required analysis result.
As in preferred steps S211, the establishment of hitch geometrical model specifically includes following steps：
The modeling of hitch parts is completed in CAD software, and is assembled to correct position, each parts rigging position it is accurate
Contact force position and direction when the addition connected when sexual intercourse is to subsequent simulation and parts collide, finally will be in CAD software
Hitch entire assembly model save as the files of STEP forms.
As in preferred steps S212, the establishment of hitch physical model specifically includes following steps：
S2121, model import many-body dynamics software：
The hitch model for keeping STEP forms is imported in many-body dynamics software, is whole parts due to importing model
Assembly and the miscellaneous point of partial redundance, calculation amount is larger when whole models is emulated, for convenience of calculate need to by model into
Row simplifies processing and such as merges some parts.
S2122, structure acceleration direction vector：
A cylinder is built in many-body dynamics software, using the direction of two bottom surfaces circle connection of cylinder as acceleration
The direction applied is spent, the direction can be as longitudinal, vertical, longitudinal direction and the direction of vertical coupled acceleration.
S2123, constraint is created：
- fixed joint：Coupler body and uncoupling lever bracket, coupler body and uncoupling lever bracket, axis pin I and split pin, axis pin II and opening
Pin, headwall and coupler body, coupler knuckle pin and coupler body, coupler knuckle pin and hook bolt, acceleration direction vector and the earth.
- revolute：Push away iron and coupler body.
- prismatic pair：Coupler body and acceleration direction vector.
S2124, driving is created：
Give coupler body apply a driving identical with acceleration direction vector, size A, driving function be STEP (TIME,
0,0, T, A).
S2125, contact is created：
- body contacts：
Coupler body and locking carry, coupler body and lock iron, locking carry with latch-locking, coupler body and coupler rotor lever, lock iron and coupler rotor lever,
Latch-locking and coupler rotor lever, lower chain hoof ring and split pin, cochain hoof ring and split pin, cochain hoof ring and chain link, chain link and lower chain
Hoof ring, coupler body and hook bolt, hook bolt and lock iron push away iron and lock iron, push away iron and coupler body, pushing away iron and hook bolt, cochain hoof ring and lower chain hoof
Ring, chain link and lifting hook rod.
- expanding surface contacts：
Coupler body carries end face, lower chain hoof ring with latch-locking, axis pin II washer faces and chain hoof ring end face, lower chain hoof ring and locking
End face is carried with locking, locking carries and chain hoof circular cylinder, locking carries concave surface and chain hoof circular cylinder, chain hoof ring end face and locking carries end
Face, coupler body and coupler rotor lever, coupler rotor lever and latch-locking cylinder, coupler rotor lever and latch-locking curved surface, locking carry and latch-locking, pin
Axis II cylinders and washer cylinder, axis pin II cylinders and chain hoof circular cylinder, axis pin II cylinders and lifting hook rod cylinder, axis pin II end faces and
Washer face, axis pin I top end faces and locking carry end face, axis pin I fore-sets face and locking carry concave surface, lifting hook rod and uncoupling lever bracket,
Lifting hook rod and uncoupling lever bracket, lancet rod end surface and cochain hoof ring end face, lancet rod end surface and cochain hoof ring end face, lifting hook rod and
Headwall end face, axis pin I end faces and lower chain hoof ring end face, axis pin I cylinders and chain hoof circular cylinder, axis pin I cylinders and locking carry cylinder.
S2126, exposure parameter is defined：
Rigidity 100000N/mm, damping 50N-sec/mm, static friction threshold speed 0.1mm/sec, dynamic friction threshold speed
10mm/sec, the coefficient of kinetic friction 0.25, confficient of static friction 0.3, recovery coefficient 0.15, rigidity index 1.5, damping exponent 1.5.
S2127, simulation parameter setting：
The time 3s of emulation, setting step-length are 300, and step factor 100, acceleration of gravity size is 9806.65mm/
s2, gravity direction is-Y.
S2128, the direction by changing acceleration and size, carry out different operating mode l-G simulation tests, simulate the reality of hitch
Operating status.
As in preferred steps S213, the establishment of hitch mathematical model specifically includes following steps：
On the basis of physical model, many-body dynamics software can use Auto-Modelling Technology, utilize Largrangian coordinates
Or cartesian coordinate modeling method, each coefficient matrix in the package system equation of motion obtain mathematical model.
As in preferred steps S3, the data processing of MBD l-G simulation tests specifically comprises the following steps：
S31, test data record：
According to hitch dynamic reliability evaluation index, record each test group and respond and summarize data.
S32, unlocking area and place of safety boundary line image are drawn using SVM algorithm.
Compared with prior art, the hitch dynamic reliability Forecasting Methodology of the present invention based on MBD and SVM, carries
For hitch unlocking area and the line of demarcation of place of safety, judge hitch dynamic reliability for designer and reference be provided, with Curve guide impeller,
It improves hitch dynamic reliability, hook accident is avoided out to occur, specifically include following advantageous effect：
1st, the hitch dynamic reliability Forecasting Methodology of the present invention based on MBD and SVM, " the hitch anti-separation provided
Reliability Prediction Method " input cost is low, simulation accuracy is high, efficiency of research and development is high, versatility is good.
2nd, the hitch dynamic reliability Forecasting Methodology of the present invention based on MBD and SVM can simulate hitch action
Any operating mode.
3rd, the hitch dynamic reliability Forecasting Methodology of the present invention based on MBD and SVM, can be by watching emulation text
Part understands hitch action mechanism.
4th, the hitch dynamic reliability Forecasting Methodology of the present invention based on MBD and SVM, can provide hitch anti-separation
Line of demarcation whether failure is worth prediction hitch dynamic reliability with important references.
5th, the hitch dynamic reliability Forecasting Methodology of the present invention based on MBD and SVM, to rolling stock safe operation
There is very important meaning.
Hitch dynamic reliability Forecasting Methodology of the present invention based on MBD and SVM, builds vehicle in many-body dynamics
Hook kinetic model draws unlocking area and place of safety boundary line image using SVM algorithm.
Description of the drawings
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is that present invention locking lifts tight status diagram.
Fig. 2 is level-one anticreep failure status diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is two level anticreep failure status diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is that present invention lock iron reaches lockset position of coupler (vertical rising 52mm) schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is coupler device entirety installation diagram schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the top view illustration of coupler device of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is coupler device entirety installation diagram (section) schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is driving function STEP schematic diagrames of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is acceleration direction vector schematic diagram of the present invention.
Figure 10 is relation schematic diagram whether present invention coupling acceleration fails with hitch anti-separation.
Wherein：1st, lifting hook rod, 2, cochain hoof ring, 3, chain link, 4, lower chain hoof ring, 5, hook bolt, 6, uncoupling lever bracket, 7, axis pin
II, 8, locking carry, 9, axis pin I, 10, coupler body, 11, headwall；
12nd, uncoupling lever bracket I, 13, coupler knuckle pin, 14, uncoupling lever bracket II；
15th, latch-locking, 16, coupler rotor lever, 17, lock iron, 18, push away iron.
Specific embodiment
As shown in the figure, a kind of hitch dynamic reliability Forecasting Methodology based on MBD and SVM, includes the following steps：
The conceptual design of S1, reliability prediction；
In step S1, the conceptual design of reliability prediction specifically includes following steps：
S11, hitch dynamic reliability include：
The anti-jump dynamic reliability of the anti-jump dynamic reliability of the dynamic reliability, the level-one that carry of locking, two level, hitch are prevented point
From dynamic reliability.
S12, hitch dynamic reliability evaluation index determine；
In step S12, determining for the evaluation index of hitch dynamic reliability specifically includes following steps：
The dynamic reliability evaluation index that-locking carries：
In vehicle operation, locking is carried not by chain link pull-up, then it is reliable to put forward dynamic property for locking；Conversely, locking carries state property
Can be unreliable, as shown in Figure 1.
The anti-jump dynamic reliability evaluation index of-level-one：
In vehicle operation, coupler rotor lever is without departing from anti-diving tower, then the anti-jump dynamic property of level-one is reliable；Conversely, level-one is anti-jump
Dynamic property is unreliable, as shown in Figure 2.
The anti-jump dynamic reliability evaluation index of-two level：
In vehicle operation, latch-locking is less than coupler body inner surface, then the anti-jump dynamic property of two level is reliable；Conversely, two level is prevented
It is unreliable to jump dynamic property, as shown in Figure 3.
The dynamic reliability evaluation index of-hitch anti-separation：
In vehicle operation, the lock irony heart is less than or equal to 52mm relative to the vertical deviation of hook bolt, then hitch anti-separation dynamic
Dependable performance；Conversely, hitch anti-separation dynamic property is unreliable, as shown in Figure 4.
The influence factor of S13 hitch dynamic reliabilities determines；
Hitch dynamic reliability bears random vibration acceleration direction with hitch and size is related, random vibration acceleration point
For independent Vertical Acceleration Ay, independent extensional vibration acceleration Ax, it is vertical with coupled longitudinal vibration acceleration Ax+y。
The specific design of scheme that S14, hitch dynamic reliability are predicted.
In step S14, the specific design procedure of the scheme of hitch dynamic reliability prediction is as follows；
S141, experiment input：Hitch bears random vibration acceleration direction and size.
S142, determining, the judgement hitch dynamic reliability according to the evaluation index of hitch dynamic reliability in step S12.
Test response：As shown in table 1.
1 test response table of table
| Test response | Meaning |
| λ1 | Whether locking carries fails, and value is 0 or 1 |
| λ2 | Whether level-one is anti-jump fails, and value is 0 or 1 |
| λ3 | Whether two level is anti-jump fails, and value is 0 or 1 |
| λ4 | Whether hitch anti-separation fails, and value is 0 or 1 |
Note：λ in tablei=0 represents failure, λi=1 represents not fail, i=1, and 2,3,4
S143, test accuracy ε：According to actual conditions, precision is rationally set.ε is excessively high to increase experiment quantity, expend it is higher into
This；The too low obtained result of the tests of ε are excessively wide in range, and reference value is smaller.It is recommended that 0.1g≤ε≤0.5g (g=9806.65mm/s2)。
S144, hitch bear random vibration acceleration direction and include individually vertical, independent longitudinal direction, vertical and Longitudinal data situation.
To probe into the influence of different directions vibration acceleration and size, design experiment scheme is as shown in table 2.
2 testing program table of table
It is explained as follows for table 2：
The input A of 1 test group of-schemeyValue is as follows：According in GB/T5599 to the limiting value A of lorry oscillation intensityy0,
The setting m group experiments of Rational choice gradient.The standard for setting experimental group number is Ay0∈[Ay1, Aym], and AyValue gradient deltayIt should be small
In equal to test accuracy εy, i.e. Δy≤εy。
The input A of 2 test group of-schemexValue is as follows：According in GB/T5599 to the limiting value A of lorry oscillation intensityy0,
The setting n group experiments of Rational choice gradient.The standard for setting experimental group number is Ax0∈[Ax1, Axn], and AxValue gradient deltaxIt should be small
In equal to test accuracy εx, i.e. Δx≤εx。
The input A of 3 test group of-schemex、AyValue is as follows：According to scheme 1, the group number of scheme 2 and gradient, m × n is set
Group experiment.
The MBD realizations of S2, reliability prediction scheme；
In step S2, the MBD realizations of reliability prediction scheme are as follows：
S21, MBD are modeled；
The establishment of S211, hitch geometrical model, in step S211, the establishment of hitch geometrical model specifically includes following step
Suddenly：
The modeling of hitch parts is completed in CAD software, and is assembled to correct position (as shown in Fig. 5,6,7), each zero
Contact force position and direction when the accuracy of part rigging position is related to the addition connected during subsequent simulation and parts collision,
Hitch entire assembly model in CAD software is finally saved as to the file of STEP forms.
The establishment of S212, hitch physical model, in step S212, the establishment of hitch physical model specifically includes following step
Suddenly：
S2121, model import many-body dynamics software：
The hitch model that (Import) keeps STEP forms is imported in many-body dynamics software, is due to importing model
The miscellaneous point of assembly and partial redundance of whole parts, calculation amount is larger when whole models is emulated, and is needed for convenience of calculating
Model simplify handling and such as merges some parts.
S2122, structure acceleration direction vector：
A cylinder is built in many-body dynamics software, using the direction of two bottom surfaces circle connection of cylinder as acceleration
The direction applied is spent, the direction can be as longitudinal, vertical, longitudinal direction and the direction of vertical coupled acceleration.
S2123, constraint is created：
--- fixed joint (Fixed)：
Coupler body and uncoupling lever bracket I, coupler body and uncoupling lever bracket II, axis pin I and split pin, axis pin II and split pin, end
Wall and coupler body, coupler knuckle pin and coupler body, coupler knuckle pin and hook bolt, acceleration direction vector and the earth.
- revolute (RevJoint)：
Push away iron and coupler body.
- prismatic pair (Translation)：
Coupler body and acceleration direction vector.
S2124, driving is created：
Give coupler body apply a driving identical with acceleration direction vector, size A, driving function be STEP (TIME,
0,0, T, A), driving function image is as shown in Figure 8.
S2125, contact is created：
- body contacts (Solid Contact)：
Coupler body and locking carry, coupler body and lock iron, locking carry with latch-locking, coupler body and coupler rotor lever, lock iron and coupler rotor lever,
Latch-locking and coupler rotor lever, lower chain hoof ring and split pin, cochain hoof ring and split pin, cochain hoof ring and chain link, chain link and lower chain
Hoof ring, coupler body and hook bolt, hook bolt and lock iron push away iron and lock iron, push away iron and coupler body, pushing away iron and hook bolt, cochain hoof ring and lower chain hoof
Ring, chain link and lifting hook rod.
- expanding surface contacts (ExtendSurface to Surface Contact)：
Coupler body carries end face 1, lower chain hoof with latch-locking, axis pin II washer faces and chain hoof ring end face, lower chain hoof ring and locking
Ring carries end face 2 with locking, locking carries and proposes concave surface and chain hoof circular cylinder 2, chain hoof ring end face and locking with chain hoof circular cylinder 1, locking
Carry end face, coupler body and coupler rotor lever, coupler rotor lever and latch-locking cylinder, coupler rotor lever and latch-locking curved surface, locking carries and locks
Pin, axis pin II cylinders and washer cylinder, axis pin II cylinders and chain hoof circular cylinder, axis pin II cylinders and lifting hook rod cylinder, axis pin II
End face, which with washer face, axis pin I top end faces and locking proposes end face, axis pin I fore-sets face and locking and carries concave surface, lifting hook rod and hitch, to be carried
Pole socket I, lifting hook rod and uncoupling lever bracket II, lancet rod end surface and cochain hoof ring end face 1, lancet rod end surface and cochain hoof ring end face
2nd, lifting hook rod and headwall end face, axis pin I end faces and lower chain hoof ring end face, axis pin I cylinders and chain hoof circular cylinder, axis pin I cylinders and
Locking carries cylinder.
S2126, exposure parameter is defined：
Rigidity 100000N/mm, damping 50N-sec/mm, static friction threshold speed 0.1mm/sec, dynamic friction threshold speed
10mm/sec, the coefficient of kinetic friction 0.25, confficient of static friction 0.3, recovery coefficient 0.15, rigidity index 1.5, damping exponent 1.5.
S2127, simulation parameter setting：
The time 3s of emulation, setting step-length are 300, and step factor 100, acceleration of gravity size is 9806.65mm/
s2, gravity direction is-Y.
S2128, the direction by changing acceleration and size, carry out different operating mode l-G simulation tests, simulate the reality of hitch
Operating status.
The establishment of S213, hitch mathematical model；In step S213, the establishment of hitch mathematical model specifically includes following step
Suddenly：
On the basis of physical model, many-body dynamics software can use Auto-Modelling Technology, utilize Largrangian coordinates
Or cartesian coordinate modeling method, each coefficient matrix in the package system equation of motion obtain mathematical model.
S21, MBD are solved：
After mathematical model is established, many-body dynamics software can be according to the kinematics, reverse dynamics, dynamic in solver
Mechanics scheduling algorithm is iterated solution to the mathematical model established, obtains required analysis result.
The data processing of S3, MBD l-G simulation test；
In step S3, the data processing of MBD l-G simulation tests specifically comprises the following steps：
S31, test data record：
According to hitch dynamic reliability evaluation index, record each test group and respond and summarize data.
(1) for independent vertical acceleration scheme, design data record sheet is as follows：
1 independent vertical acceleration test response of table records
| Ay1 | Ay2 | … | Aym | |
| λ1 | (r,t) | … | … | … |
| λ2 | … | … | … | … |
| λ3 | … | … | … | … |
| λ4 | … | … | … | … |
Note：R represents λiλ is worked as in the value of (i=1,2,3,4), t expressionsiWhen=0, the time of failure action occurs, if not sending out
T is then denoted as null, g=9806.65mm/s by raw failure2；
1 independent vertical acceleration test response of (case) table records
| 0.1g | 0.5g | 1.0g | 1.001g | 1.01g | 1.05g | 1.07g | 1.1g | |
| λ1 | (0,null) | (0,null) | (0,null) | (0,null) | (0,null) | (0,null) | (1,2.79) | (1,2.61) |
| λ2 | (0,null) | (0,null) | (0,null) | (1,1.98) | (1,0.79) | (1,0.37) | (1,0.35) | (1,0.30) |
| λ3 | (0,null) | (0,null) | (0,null) | (1,1.87) | (1,0.65) | (1,0.30) | (1,0.26) | (1,0.22) |
| λ4 | (0,null) | (0,null) | (0,null) | (1,5.42) | (1,1.53) | (1,0.76) | (1,0.67) | (1,0.58) |
Note：R represents λiλ is worked as in the value of (i=1,2,3,4), t expressionsiWhen=0, the time of failure action occurs, if not sending out
T is then denoted as null, g=9806.65mm/s by raw failure2
(2) for independent longitudinal acceleration scheme, design data record sheet is as follows：
2 independent longitudinal acceleration test response of table records
| Ax1 | Ax2 | … | Axm | |
| λ1 | (s,t) | … | … | … |
| λ2 | … | … | … | … |
| λ3 | … | … | … | … |
| λ4 | … | … | … | … |
Note：S represents λiλ is worked as in the value of (i=1,2,3,4), t expressionsiWhen=0, the time of failure action occurs, if not sending out
T is denoted as null by raw failure.
2 independent longitudinal acceleration test response of (case) table records
| 0.6g | 0.8g | 1.0g | 1.6g | 2.2g | 3.0g | 9.0g | 21g | 33g | 36g | |
| λ1 | (0,null) | (1,0.3) | (1,0.26) | (1,0.2) | (1,0.18) | (1,0.15) | (1,0.08) | (1,0.05) | (1,0.04) | (1,0.04) |
| λ2 | (0,null) | (0,null) | (1,0.37) | (1,0.25) | (1,0.21) | (1,0.18) | (1,0.11) | (1,0.07) | (1,0.06) | (1,0.06) |
| λ3 | (0,null) | (0,null) | (1,0.36) | (1,0.24) | (1,0.20) | (1,0.17) | (1,0.10) | (1,0.07) | (1,0.06) | (1,0.05) |
| λ4 | (0,null) | (0,null) | (0,null) | (0,null) | (0,null) | (0,null) | (0,null) | (0,null) | (0,null) | (1,0.10) |
Note：S represents λiλ is worked as in the value of (i=1,2,3,4), t expressionsiWhen=0, the time of failure action occurs, if not sending out
T is denoted as null, g=9806.65mm/s by raw failure2
(3) for vertical, longitudinal acceleration coupling scheme, design data record sheet is as follows：
Table 3 is vertical with Longitudinal data acceleration test response record
| Ax1 | Ax2 | … | Axm | |
| Ay1 | (k,l,p,q) | … | … | … |
| Ay2 | … | … | … | … |
| … | … | … | … | … |
| Aym | … | … | … | … |
Note：K, l, p, q represent λ successively1、λ2、λ3、λ4Value, and k, l, p, q be 0 or 1.
(case) table 3 is vertical with Longitudinal data acceleration test response record
| 1g | 2g | 3g | 7g | 14g | 21g | 33g | |
| 0.5g | (1,0,1,0) | (1,0,1,0) | (1,1,1,0) | (1,1,1,0) | (1,1,1,0) | (1,1,1,1) | (1,1,1,1) |
| 0.7g | (1,1,1,0) | (1,1,1,0) | (1,1,1,0) | (1,1,1,1) | (1,1,1,1) | (1,1,1,1) | (1,1,1,1) |
| 0.9g | (1,1,1,0) | (1,1,1,0) | (1,1,1,0) | (1,1,1,1) | (1,1,1,1) | (1,1,1,1) | (1,1,1,1) |
| 1g | (1,1,1,1) | (1,1,1,1) | (1,1,1,1) | (1,1,1,1) | (1,1,1,1) | (1,1,1,1) | (1,1,1,1) |
Note：K, l, p, q represent λ successively1、λ2、λ3、λ4Value, and k, l, p, q be 0 or 1, g=9806.65mm/s2
S32, unlocking area and place of safety boundary line image are drawn using SVM algorithm；
It is vertical more universal with coupled longitudinal vibration operating mode due in vehicle actual motion, thus must further investigation it is vertical with
Relationship whether Longitudinal data acceleration fails with hitch anti-separation.Belong to due to inputting for vertical acceleration, longitudinal acceleration
Binary inputs.It responds whether fail for hitch anti-separation, is responded for 0-1 types.Therefore in general, this problem belongs to response for 0-1
The binary classification problems of type.The two classification processing that SVM linear separabilities are carried out in mathematical software is as follows：
(1) firstly the need of one group of training data train, and the category attribute of known training data.Attribute has herein
Two classes, and represented with 1,2.1 represents not unlock, and 2 represent to unlock.In mathematical software, it is loaded into training data.
(2) by svmtrain functions, to carry out the training of grader.
(3) by svmclassify functions, according to the model svm_struct obtained after training.
(4) the function expression A of output category device (i.e. the line of demarcation of unlocking area and place of safety)y=kAx+ b passes through number
Software graphics module is learned, draws unlocking area and place of safety image, (example) as shown in Figure 10.
S4, reliability prediction result；
Hitch dynamic reliability includes：The anti-jump dynamic reliability of dynamic reliability, the level-one carried of locking, two level are anti-jump
The dynamic reliability of dynamic reliability, hitch anti-separation.
Below by taking the dynamic reliability of hitch anti-separation as an example, illustrate how according to Dynamics Simulation data and SVM
Drawing image judges hitch dynamic reliability.
The analysis method of the dynamic reliability of hitch anti-separation, available for other three：Lock the dynamic reliability carried, one
The anti-jump dynamic reliability of the anti-jump dynamic reliability of grade, two level.
It is compared according to experimental data with the numerical value in required standard, determines reliability prediction result.
- analyzed by table 1 it is found that in independent vertical acceleration, the critical acceleration of hitch anti-separation failure is located at
Section (Ayi,Ayj)(i,j∈[1,m],λ4(Ayi)=1, λ4(Ayj)=0), in GB/T5599 to lorry vertical vibration intensity
Limiting value Ay0It compares, if Ay0≤Ayi, then hitch anti-separation is reliable；If Ay0≥Ayj, then hitch anti-separation is unreliable；If Ayi＜
Ay0＜ Ayj, then need further to reduce gradient deltay, above-mentioned experiment and analytical procedure are repeated, until Ay0≤AytOr Ay0≥Ayj。
- analyzed by table 2 it is found that in independent longitudinal acceleration, the critical acceleration of hitch anti-separation failure is located at
Section (Axi,Axj)(i,j∈[1,n],λ4(Axi)=1, λ4(Axj)=0), in GB/T5599 to lorry vertical vibration intensity
Limiting value Ax0It compares, if Ax0≤Axt, then hitch anti-separation is reliable；If Ax0≥Axj, then hitch anti-separation is unreliable；If Axi＜
Ay0＜ Axj, then need further to reduce gradient deltax, above-mentioned experiment and analytical procedure are repeated, until Ax0≤AxiOr Ax0≥Axj。
- analyzed by table 3 and Fig. 3 it is found that in vertical and Longitudinal data acceleration, whether hitch anti-separation fails
Line of demarcation expression formula be Ay=kAx+b.With limiting value A vertical to lorry, extensional vibration intensity in GB/T5599yo、Axo
It compares, if kAx0-Ay0≤-b, then hitch anti-separation is reliable；If kAx0-Ay0＞-b, then hitch anti-separation is unreliable.
Hitch dynamic reliability Forecasting Methodology of the present invention based on MBD and SVM, using MBD (many-body dynamics)
Theoretical and technology, emulates hitch using many-body dynamics software, with SVM (Support Vector Machine, branch
Hold vector machine) algorithm process emulation data, predict hitch dynamic reliability.
Hitch virtual prototype is initially set up, perfect hitch model will be assembled in CAD software and imports more body power
It learns in software and establishes Dynamics Simulation model.
According to hitch operating principle, movement relation between each parts is determined, and constrained, Contact modeling, establish mutual
Contact, realizes accurate relative motion between each parts；External applied load is added to hitch, creates driving function simulation actual loading feelings
Condition.
Simulated conditions are finally set, the solution of different operating modes are carried out to hitch model, and calculated in mathematical software using SVM
Method analyzes simulation result, achievees the purpose that predict hitch anti-separation reliability.
The present invention realizes the prediction to hitch dynamic reliability, has input by MBD theories, technology and SVM algorithm
At low cost, the features such as simulation accuracy is high, efficiency of research and development is high, versatility is good.
Hitch dynamic reliability Forecasting Methodology of the present invention based on MBD and SVM, the movement of hitch belongs to contain between
Gap, the complicated many-body dynamics problem of collision.Using MBD (many-body dynamics) theories and technology, using the completely new equation of motion
Theoretical and complete recursive algorithm, in Dynamics Simulation software, simulates the actual motion state of hitch, solves different vibrations
The kinetic parameter of hitch under operating mode.
SVM (Support Vector Machine, support vector machines) algorithm is that Vapnik et al. is proposed in nineteen ninety-five
A kind of advanced intelligent supervised learning sorting technique based on Statistical Learning Theory, according to complexity and of the finite sample in model
Seek optimal compromise between habit ability.
It can preferably solve the practical problems such as small sample, non-linear, be widely used in status assessment, fault diagnosis, mould
The numerous areas such as formula identification.Whether hitch, which occurs to unlock, with hitch is born vertical, longitudinal loading relationship and belongs to binary classification to ask
Topic, SVM algorithm efficiently, perfectly can solve problems.
Therefore the present invention is handled Dynamics Simulation data using SVM algorithm, and hitch is solved by SVM algorithm
Unlocking area and the line of demarcation of place of safety, so as to predict hitch dynamic reliability section.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention be not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of hitch dynamic reliability Forecasting Methodology based on MBD and SVM, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
The conceptual design of S1, reliability prediction；
The MBD realizations of S2, reliability prediction scheme；
The data processing of S3, MBD l-G simulation test；
S4, reliability prediction result；
It is compared according to experimental data with the numerical value in required standard, determines reliability prediction result.
2. the hitch dynamic reliability Forecasting Methodology according to claim 1 based on MBD and SVM, it is characterised in that：
In step S1, the conceptual design of reliability prediction specifically includes following steps：
S11, hitch dynamic reliability include：
The anti-jump dynamic reliability of the dynamic reliability, the level-one that carry of locking, two level anti-jump dynamic reliability, hitch anti-separation
Dynamic reliability；
S12, hitch dynamic reliability evaluation index determine；
The influence factor of S13 hitch dynamic reliabilities determines；
Hitch dynamic reliability bears random vibration acceleration direction with hitch and size is related, and random vibration acceleration is divided into list
Only Vertical Acceleration Ay, independent extensional vibration acceleration Ax, it is vertical with coupled longitudinal vibration acceleration Ax+y；
The specific design of scheme that S14, hitch dynamic reliability are predicted.
3. the hitch dynamic reliability Forecasting Methodology according to claim 2 based on MBD and SVM, it is characterised in that：
In step S12, determining for the evaluation index of hitch dynamic reliability specifically includes following steps：
The dynamic reliability evaluation index that-locking carries：
In vehicle operation, locking is carried not by chain link pull-up, then it is reliable to put forward dynamic property for locking；Conversely, locking puies forward dynamic property not
Reliably；
The anti-jump dynamic reliability evaluation index of-level-one：
In vehicle operation, coupler rotor lever is without departing from anti-diving tower, then the anti-jump dynamic property of level-one is reliable；Conversely, the anti-jump dynamic of level-one
Performance is unreliable；
The anti-jump dynamic reliability evaluation index of-two level：
In vehicle operation, latch-locking is less than coupler body inner surface, then the anti-jump dynamic property of two level is reliable；Conversely, two level anti-jumping
State property can be unreliable；
The dynamic reliability evaluation index of-hitch anti-separation：
In vehicle operation, the lock irony heart is less than or equal to 52mm relative to the vertical deviation of hook bolt, then hitch anti-separation dynamic property
Reliably；Conversely, hitch anti-separation dynamic property is unreliable.
4. the hitch dynamic reliability Forecasting Methodology according to claim 3 based on MBD and SVM, it is characterised in that：
In step S14, the specific design procedure of the scheme of hitch dynamic reliability prediction is as follows：
S141, experiment input：Hitch bears random vibration acceleration direction and size；
S142, determining, the judgement hitch dynamic reliability according to the evaluation index of hitch dynamic reliability in step S12；
S143, test accuracy ε：According to actual conditions, precision is rationally set；
S144, hitch bear random vibration acceleration direction and include individually vertical, independent longitudinal direction, vertical and Longitudinal data situation.
5. the hitch dynamic reliability Forecasting Methodology according to claim 1 based on MBD and SVM, it is characterised in that：
In step S2, the MBD realizations of reliability prediction scheme are as follows：
S21, MBD are modeled；
The establishment of S211, hitch geometrical model, the establishment of S212, hitch physical model, the establishment of S213, hitch mathematical model；
S21, MBD are solved：
After mathematical model is established, many-body dynamics software can be according to kinematics, reverse dynamics, the dynamics in solver
Scheduling algorithm is iterated solution to the mathematical model established, obtains required analysis result.
6. the hitch dynamic reliability Forecasting Methodology according to claim 5 based on MBD and SVM, it is characterised in that：
In step S211, the establishment of hitch geometrical model specifically includes following steps：
The modeling of hitch parts is completed in CAD software, and is assembled to correct position, the accuracy of each parts rigging position is closed
Contact force position and direction when the addition connected when being to subsequent simulation and parts collide, finally by the vehicle in CAD software
Hook entire assembly model saves as the file of STEP forms.
7. the hitch dynamic reliability Forecasting Methodology according to claim 6 based on MBD and SVM, it is characterised in that：
In step S212, the establishment of hitch physical model specifically includes following steps：
S2121, model import many-body dynamics software：
The hitch model for keeping STEP forms is imported in many-body dynamics software, due to importing the dress that model is whole parts
Ligand and the miscellaneous point of partial redundance, calculation amount is larger when whole models is emulated, and need to model be carried out letter for convenience of calculating
Change processing such as to merge some parts；
S2122, structure acceleration direction vector：
A cylinder is built in many-body dynamics software, is applied using the direction of two bottom surfaces circle connection of cylinder as acceleration
The direction added, the direction can be as longitudinal, vertical, longitudinal direction and the directions of vertical coupled acceleration；
S2123, constraint is created：
- fixed joint：
Coupler body and uncoupling lever bracket, coupler body and uncoupling lever bracket, axis pin I and split pin, axis pin II and split pin, headwall and hook
Body, coupler knuckle pin and coupler body, coupler knuckle pin and hook bolt, acceleration direction vector and the earth；
- revolute：
Push away iron and coupler body；
- prismatic pair：
Coupler body and acceleration direction vector；
S2124, driving is created：
Give coupler body apply a driving identical with acceleration direction vector, size A, driving function be STEP (TIME, 0,0,
T, A)；
S2125, contact is created：
- body contacts：
Coupler body is carried with locking, coupler body carries and latch-locking, coupler body and coupler rotor lever, lock iron and coupler rotor lever, locking with lock iron, locking
Pin and coupler rotor lever, lower chain hoof ring and split pin, cochain hoof ring and split pin, cochain hoof ring and chain link, chain link and lower chain hoof ring,
Coupler body and hook bolt, hook bolt and lock iron push away iron and lock iron, push away iron and coupler body, pushing away iron and hook bolt, cochain hoof ring and lower chain hoof ring, chain
Ring and lifting hook rod；
- expanding surface contacts：
Coupler body and latch-locking, axis pin II washer faces and chain hoof ring end face, lower chain hoof ring and locking carry end face, lower chain hoof ring with it is upper
Lock carries end face, locking carries and chain hoof circular cylinder, locking carries concave surface and chain hoof circular cylinder, chain hoof ring end face and locking carries end face, hook
Body carries and latch-locking, axis pin II with coupler rotor lever, coupler rotor lever and latch-locking cylinder, coupler rotor lever and latch-locking curved surface, locking
Cylinder and washer cylinder, axis pin II cylinders and chain hoof circular cylinder, axis pin II cylinders and lifting hook rod cylinder, axis pin II end faces and washer
End face, axis pin I top end faces and locking propose end face, axis pin I fore-sets face and locking and carry concave surface, lifting hook rod and uncoupling lever bracket, lancet
Bar and uncoupling lever bracket, lancet rod end surface and cochain hoof ring end face, lancet rod end surface and cochain hoof ring end face, lifting hook rod and headwall
End face, axis pin I end faces and lower chain hoof ring end face, axis pin I cylinders and chain hoof circular cylinder, axis pin I cylinders and locking carry cylinder；
S2126, exposure parameter is defined：
Rigidity 100000N/mm, damping 50N-sec/mm, static friction threshold speed 0.1mm/sec, dynamic friction threshold speed 10mm/
Sec, the coefficient of kinetic friction 0.25, confficient of static friction 0.3, recovery coefficient 0.15, rigidity index 1.5, damping exponent 1.5；
S2127, simulation parameter setting：
The time 3s of emulation, setting step-length are 300, and step factor 100, acceleration of gravity size is 9806.65mm/s2, gravity
Direction is-Y；
S2128, the direction by changing acceleration and size, carry out different operating mode l-G simulation tests, simulate the actual motion of hitch
State.
8. the hitch dynamic reliability Forecasting Methodology according to claim 7 based on MBD and SVM, it is characterised in that：
In step S213, the establishment of hitch mathematical model specifically includes following steps：
On the basis of physical model, many-body dynamics software can use Auto-Modelling Technology, utilize Largrangian coordinates or flute
Karr coordinates modeling method, each coefficient matrix in the package system equation of motion obtain mathematical model.
9. the hitch dynamic reliability Forecasting Methodology according to claim 1 based on MBD and SVM, it is characterised in that：
In step S3, the data processing of MBD l-G simulation tests specifically comprises the following steps：
S31, test data record：
According to hitch dynamic reliability evaluation index, record each test group and respond and summarize data；
S32, unlocking area and place of safety boundary line image are drawn using SVM algorithm.
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