CN108123902B - Estimation method for estimating channel state of video-audio signal and related estimation circuit and receiver - Google Patents
Estimation method for estimating channel state of video-audio signal and related estimation circuit and receiver Download PDFInfo
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- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
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- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/0204—Channel estimation of multiple channels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/024—Channel estimation channel estimation algorithms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses an estimation method for estimating the channel state of an audio-visual signal, which comprises the following steps: estimating a first response and a second response according to the audio-video signal, wherein the first response corresponds to an echo path, and the second response corresponds to a reference path; calculating a plurality of phase differences between the first response and the second response at a plurality of points in time; judging whether the echo path is a Doppler path or not according to the phase differences; and when the echo path is judged to be the Doppler path, calculating a phase rotation frequency corresponding to the Doppler path according to the difference between at least two phase differences in the phase differences.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a channel estimation method, and more particularly, to a channel estimation method for a digital television.
Background
The multi-path corresponding to the signal transmission includes a main path (main path) and a plurality of echo paths (echo paths), and the echo paths sometimes include one or more doppler paths, and the phase of the signal transmitted through the doppler paths has a rotation frequency (doppler frequency). Since signals transmitted from different paths are applied to different processing methods, a receiver usually has a channel estimation circuit to estimate multiple paths of the received signal and determine whether there is a doppler path. If yes, calculating the Doppler frequency corresponding to the Doppler path according to the signal component of the corresponding Doppler path, and setting the Doppler frequency for a rear-end equalizer or an error correction circuit. However, since the strength of the signal component corresponding to the doppler path may vary, and noise or other non-ideal factors are added, it is difficult to accurately calculate the doppler frequency in the prior art, and the signal processing at the back end cannot be performed optimally.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a channel estimation method, which can accurately calculate the doppler frequency to solve the problems in the prior art.
In an embodiment of the present invention, an estimation method for estimating a channel state of an audio/video signal is disclosed, which includes the following steps: estimating a first response and a second response according to the audio/video signal, wherein the first response corresponds to an echo path (echo path), and the second response corresponds to a reference path; calculating a plurality of phase differences between the first response and the second response at a plurality of points in time; judging whether the echo path is a Doppler path or not according to the phase differences; and when the echo path is judged to be the Doppler path, calculating a phase rotation frequency corresponding to the Doppler path according to the difference between at least two phase differences in the phase differences.
In another embodiment of the present invention, an estimation circuit for estimating a channel state of an audio/video signal is disclosed, which includes a channel estimation circuit and a doppler path detection circuit. The channel estimation circuit is used for estimating a first response and a second response according to the audio-video signal, wherein the first response corresponds to an echo path, and the second response corresponds to a reference path; and the Doppler path detection circuit is used for calculating a plurality of phase differences between the first response and the second response at a plurality of time points, judging whether the echo path is a Doppler path according to the phase differences, and calculating a phase rotation frequency corresponding to the Doppler path according to the difference between at least two phase differences in the phase differences when the echo path is judged to be the Doppler path.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a receiver for processing an audio/video signal according to a channel state of the audio/video signal is disclosed, which includes an estimation circuit, an equalizer, and an error correction circuit. The estimating circuit is used for estimating an echo path and a reference path according to the video-audio signal, and when the echo path is a Doppler path, a phase rotation frequency corresponding to the Doppler path is calculated according to the difference between phase differences of two time points between the echo path and the reference path, and a set of setting signals are generated according to the phase rotation frequency; the equalizer is used for equalizing and processing the video-audio signal according to the group of setting signals to generate an equalized signal; and the error correction circuit is used for correcting the error of the equalized signal according to the set of setting signals.
Drawings
Fig. 1A is a block diagram of a receiver according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 1B is a block diagram of an estimation circuit in a receiver according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a main path and an echo path.
Fig. 3A is a schematic diagram of vector values and phase differences of the main path and the echo path under different frames.
Fig. 3B is a schematic diagram illustrating that the phase relationship between the main path and the echo path is not changed when the frame intensity varies.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a channel estimation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the symbols
100 receiver
102 antenna
110 receiving circuit
120A/D converter
130 equalizer
140 forward error correction circuit
150 estimation circuit
151 synchronous circuit
152 channel estimation circuit
153 route judging circuit
154 Doppler path detection circuit
155 lookup circuit
156 memory
400 to 410 steps
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1A, a block diagram of a receiver 100 according to an embodiment of the invention is shown. In the present embodiment, the receiver 100 is disposed in a digital television, and is configured to receive an audio/video signal from an antenna 102, perform a preliminary processing, and then transmit the signal to a back-end circuit for a subsequent processing, and then display and play the signal. In addition, the receiver 100 of the present embodiment conforms to the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) standard.
As shown in fig. 1A, the receiver 100 includes a receiving circuit 110, an analog-to-digital converter 120, an equalizer 130, a forward error correction (forward error correction) circuit 140, and an estimation circuit 150. The receiving circuit 110 is used for receiving an audio/video signal from the antenna 102, and performing operations such as filtering and gain adjustment on the audio/video signal to output an analog audio/video signal; the digital-to-analog converter 120 is used for converting the analog video signal into a digital video signal; the equalizer 130 equalizes the channel response of the digital video signal to generate an equalized video signal; the forward error correction circuit 140 is used for performing error correction on the equalized AV signal to generate a corrected AV signal, so as to reduce the bit error rate; the estimation circuit 150 is used for estimating the channel state of the digital audiovisual signal to generate setting signals S1 and S2 for the equalizer 130 and the forward error correction circuit 140 to perform parameter setting accordingly, so that the equalizer 130 and the forward error correction circuit 140 can have more excellent tracking ability (tracking ability). In addition, the receiver 100 transmits the corrected audio/video signal to a back-end circuit, such as a decoder, for subsequent operations.
Referring to fig. 1B, a block diagram of an estimation circuit 150 in the receiver 100 according to an embodiment of the invention is shown. As shown in fig. 1B, the estimation circuit 150 includes a synchronization circuit 151, a channel estimation circuit 152, a path determination circuit 153, a Doppler path (Doppler path) detection circuit 154, a search circuit 155, and a memory 156. The synchronization circuit 151 is configured to determine a position of a data portion of a digital video signal according to the digital video signal, and generate synchronization information, in particular, the digital video signal includes a plurality of frames (frames), and a data format (data format) includes a header portion and a data portion, wherein the header portion includes a plurality of repeated sequences and frame information, such as a start position of the data portion, and the data portion includes real video content, and the synchronization circuit 151 can determine the position of the header portion by using the repeated sequences and obtain the position of the data portion in the frame by using the frame information included in the header portion; the channel estimation circuit 152 is configured to perform channel estimation on the data portion according to the synchronization information to obtain responses and time information corresponding to a plurality of paths, and store the responses and time information into the memory 156; the path determining circuit 153 reads the responses and time information of the paths from the memory 156 to determine a main path (main path) and a plurality of echo paths (echo paths) and generate a determination result, and in detail, in one embodiment, the path determining circuit 153 determines a path corresponding to a response with a strength higher than a specific strength as the main path; the doppler path detecting circuit 154 is configured to detect doppler paths included in the paths according to the responses and the time information of the paths and the determination result, and accordingly generate a detection result, where the detection result further includes phase rotation frequency corresponding to the responses of the doppler paths; and the search circuit searches a lookup table (not shown) according to the detection result to generate the setting signals S1, S2. In another embodiment, the channel estimation circuit 152, the path determination circuit 153, the doppler path detection circuit 154, and the lookup circuit 155 may be implemented by software, the memory 156 may be located outside the estimation circuit 150, and the lookup circuit 155 may utilize a lookup table stored in the memory 156 or a memory outside the estimation circuit 150. In addition, the path determining circuit 153 and the doppler path detecting circuit 154 can respectively store the determining/detecting results back to the memory 156, so that the doppler path detecting circuit 154 and the searching circuit 155 can directly read the determining/detecting results from the memory 156 for performing the related operations.
Since the main features of the present invention are focused on the part of the estimation circuit 150, the following disclosure mainly focuses on the detailed description of the estimation circuit 150, and the detailed operations of the other elements are not repeated herein.
First, the video signal of the digital tv comprises a plurality of frames, and the data format comprises a header portion and a data portion. In addition, the following relationship exists between the video and audio signal received by the receiver 100 and the original signal transmitted by the transmitting end: y is X × h + N, where "Y" is the video signal received by the receiver 100, "X" is the original signal transmitted by the transmitting end, "h" is the channel response, and "N" is noise. First, the synchronization circuit 151 in the channel estimation circuit 150 generates a synchronization information including the positions of the header portion and the data portion in the frame according to the received digital video signal, and the channel estimation circuit 152 estimates the channel response of each frame according to the content of the data portion, as shown in fig. 2, which illustrates the channel response of one frame, which includes the response corresponding to the main path and the echo paths, wherein the strength of the response corresponding to the main path is usually greater than the responses corresponding to the other echo paths, and the path determination circuit 153 can determine which path is the main path (for example, the path with the strength higher than a threshold value) according to a predetermined strength, and the remaining paths are determined as the echo paths.
Generally, the phase of the response does not change, however, when the echo path is a doppler path, the response corresponding to the echo path has a phase rotation frequency, i.e., a doppler frequency. In the present embodiment, the doppler path detection circuit 154 can determine which echo path is the doppler path, and can accurately determine the phase rotation frequency of the corresponding response.
In the following description, for the sake of simplicity, the doppler path detection circuit 154 operates on only one echo path, and the channel estimation circuit 152 has estimated and stored the channel responses of the nth frame to the (n + k) th frame in the memory 156. Referring to FIG. 3A, where the response of the primary path
Response of echo path
When the echo path response has a phase rotation frequency, the echo path response will have different vector values at different frames, i.e. at the nth frame
At (n +1) th frame
At (n + k) th frame
In addition, since the phase of the response of the main path does not substantially change, the response of the main path of different frames is illustrated
Does not substantially change. In operation of the Doppler path detection circuit 154, first, the Doppler path detection circuit 154 calculates a plurality of phase differences θ corresponding to the responses of the echo path and the main path in different framesn、θn+1、…、θn+k. In the present embodiment, the Doppler path detection circuit 154 calculates a plurality of phase differences θn、θn+1、…、θn+kFor subsequent calculations, e.g. with phase difference θnThe cosine value of (A) can be obtained by
Then, the doppler path detection circuit 154 can determine whether the echo path is a doppler path according to the following three conditions: (1) calculating a difference value between two phase differences corresponding to any two adjacent frames in the nth to (n + k) th frames of the audio-video signal respectively, and obtaining a plurality of difference values according to the difference value; and judging whether the sum of the plurality of difference values is larger than a first critical value to generate a first judgment result, namely judging whether the sum of the plurality of difference values is larger than the first critical value or not
Wherein "TH 1" is a first threshold; (2) calculating a difference value between two phase differences corresponding to a first frame and a last frame (i.e., an nth frame and an (n + k) th frame) of the received signal; and determining whether the difference is greater than a second threshold to generate a second determination result, i.e. determining whether | cos θ |n+k-cosθnL > TH2, wherein "TH 2" is the second critical value; (3) counting a number of phase rotation direction changes according to the plurality of phase differences, and determining that the number of phase rotation direction changes is less than a third threshold, for example, if θ n +1 is greater than θ n (i.e., θ n;)n+1-θn>0) But θ n +2 is less than θn+1(i.e. theta)n+2-θn+1<0) It means that one phase rotation direction change has occurred. In the present embodiment, the doppler path detection circuit 154 determines that the echo path is a doppler path when the above three conditions are all satisfied, that is, the doppler path detection circuit 154 determines that the echo path is not a doppler path as long as one of the conditions is not satisfied.
Then, if the doppler path detection circuit 154 determines that the echo path is a doppler path, the phase rotation frequency (doppler frequency) of the echo path can be determined according to the calculated phase differences or cosine values of the phase differences. By way of example, and not limitation, θ may be calculatedn+1And thetanThe difference between the two to obtain the phase rotation angle theta of the echo path response in one frame timerI.e. thetar＝θn+1-θnAnd obtaining the phase rotation frequency by the following relation: thetar2 pi f Δ t, where Δ t is the time in one frame and "f" is the phase rotation frequency.
Finally, the look-up circuit 155 performs a look-up operation from a look-up table according to the calculated phase rotation frequency of the echo path to generate setting signals S1 and S2, and transmits the setting signals to the equalizer 130 and the forward error correction circuit 140, so that the equalizer 130 and the forward error correction circuit 140 can adjust their internal settings accordingly to achieve the best tracking capability.
It is noted that the main path in the above embodiments may be replaced by another reference path, for example another echo path, whose phase does not substantially change. That is, the doppler path detecting circuit 154 can calculate a plurality of phase differences of the responses corresponding to the echo path and the reference path, and determine whether the echo path is a doppler path or not, and calculate the phase rotation frequency of the echo path, and these design changes should fall into the scope of the present invention.
Through the embodiment shown in fig. 3A and the above description, the determination of the doppler path and the phase rotation frequency thereof in this embodiment are calculated according to a plurality of phase differences of the responses corresponding to the echo path and the main path, and in case the intensity of the signal component on the main path or the echo path varies, since the phase difference is not affected, the determination and calculation result can avoid the factor of the signal intensity variation and is more accurate. Specifically, refer to fig. 3B, which is a schematic diagram illustrating the variation of the intensity of the (n +1) th frame to the (n + k) th frame, wherein the intensity varies at the (n +1) th frame in fig. 3B
At (n + k) th frame
Comparing FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B, the responses corresponding to the main path and the echo path
The strength of the doppler path is changed, but the angle is not affected, so the determination of the doppler path and the calculation of the phase rotation frequency are more accurate.
Please refer to fig. 4, which is a flowchart illustrating a channel estimation method according to an embodiment of the invention. With reference to the above disclosure, the process of fig. 4 is as follows:
step 400: the process begins.
Step 401: receiving video and audio signals
Step 402: a main path and an echo path corresponding to the audio/video signal are determined.
Step 404: and respectively calculating a plurality of phase differences of the responses corresponding to the audio-video signals of the echo path and the main path according to a plurality of continuous frames of the audio-video signals.
Step 406: determining whether the echo path is a Doppler path according to the plurality of phase differences.
Step 408: if the echo path is determined to be a Doppler path, estimating a phase rotation frequency of the Doppler path according to a difference between at least two phase differences of the plurality of phase differences.
Step 410: the flow ends.
Briefly summarized, in an embodiment of the channel estimation method of the present invention, a plurality of phase differences of responses corresponding to an echo path and a main path are calculated, and the phase differences are used to determine whether the echo path is a doppler path, and a phase rotation frequency is determined according to a difference between at least two phase differences of the plurality of phase differences. Because the phase difference is not affected even if the intensity of the signal component on any path changes, the channel estimation method of the invention can make the judgment and calculation result more accurate, and further make the subsequent circuit have better setting according to the phase rotation frequency.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made by the claims of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. An estimation method for estimating a channel state of an audio-visual signal, comprising:
estimating a first response and a second response according to the audio/video signal, wherein the first response corresponds to an echo path, and the second response corresponds to a reference path, wherein the reference path is a main path;
calculating a plurality of phase differences of the first response and the second response at a plurality of time points respectively according to a plurality of frames of the video-audio signal, wherein the frames correspond to the time points respectively;
calculating a difference value between cosine values of every two phase differences in the phase differences to obtain a plurality of difference values; and
calculating a sum of the difference values;
judging whether the sum is greater than a first critical value to generate a first judgment result;
calculating a difference value between cosine values of two phase differences corresponding to a first frame and a last frame in the phase differences;
judging whether the difference value is larger than a second critical value to generate a second judgment result;
calculating a difference value between every two phase differences in the phase differences, and obtaining a plurality of difference values according to the difference value;
counting the difference values to obtain a phase rotation direction change frequency;
when the first judgment result indicates that the sum of the difference values is greater than the first critical value, the second judgment result indicates that the difference value is greater than the second critical value, and the phase rotation direction change time is less than a third critical value, the echo path is judged to be a Doppler path; and
when the echo path is judged to be the Doppler path, a phase rotation frequency corresponding to the Doppler path is calculated according to the difference between at least two phase differences in the phase differences.
2. The estimation method of claim 1, further comprising:
when the first determination result indicates that the sum of the difference values is smaller than the first threshold value, it is determined that the echo path is not the Doppler path.
3. The estimation method of claim 1, further comprising:
when the second determination result indicates that the difference value is smaller than the second threshold value, it is determined that the echo path is not the Doppler path.
4. The estimation method of claim 1, further comprising:
when the number of times of the phase rotation direction change is greater than a third threshold value, it is determined that the echo path is not the Doppler path.
5. An estimation circuit for estimating a channel state of an audio-visual signal, comprising:
a channel estimation circuit for estimating a first response and a second response according to the audio/video signal, wherein the first response corresponds to an echo path, the second response corresponds to a reference path, and the reference path is a main path; and
a Doppler path detection circuit for calculating a plurality of phase differences between the first response and the second response at a plurality of time points according to a plurality of frames of the video signal, wherein the frames correspond to the time points respectively;
calculating a difference value between cosine values of every two phase differences in the phase differences to obtain a plurality of difference values, calculating a sum of the difference values, and determining whether the sum is greater than a first critical value to generate a first determination result,
the Doppler path detection circuit calculates a difference value between cosine values of two phase differences corresponding to a first frame and a last frame in the phase differences, judges whether the difference value is larger than a second critical value to generate a second judgment result, calculates a difference value between every two phase differences in the phase differences, obtains a plurality of difference values according to the difference value, and counts the difference values to obtain a phase rotation direction change time;
when the first judgment result indicates that the sum of the difference values is larger than the first critical value, the second judgment result indicates that the difference value is larger than the second critical value, and the number of times of the phase rotation direction change is smaller than a third critical value, the echo path is judged to be a Doppler path,
when the echo path is judged to be the Doppler path, the Doppler path detection circuit calculates a phase rotation frequency corresponding to the Doppler path according to the difference between at least two phase differences in the phase differences.
6. The estimation circuit of claim 5, wherein the Doppler path detection circuit determines that the echo path is not the Doppler path when the first determination result indicates that the sum of the differences is smaller than the first threshold.
7. The estimation circuit of claim 5, wherein the Doppler path detection circuit determines that the echo path is not the Doppler path when the second determination result indicates that the difference value is smaller than the second threshold.
8. The circuit of claim 5, wherein the Doppler path detection circuit determines that the echo path is not the Doppler path when the number of times the phase rotation direction changes is greater than a third threshold.
9. The estimation circuit of claim 5, further comprising:
a searching circuit for generating a setting signal to an equalizer according to the phase rotation frequency to perform parameter setting.
10. The estimation circuit of claim 5, further comprising:
a searching circuit for generating a setting signal to an error correction circuit according to the phase rotation frequency to perform parameter setting.
11. A receiver for processing an audio/video signal according to a channel status of the audio/video signal, comprising:
an estimation circuit, comprising:
a channel estimation circuit for estimating a first response and a second response according to the audio/video signal, wherein the first response corresponds to an echo path, the second response corresponds to a reference path, and the reference path is a main path; and
a Doppler path detection circuit for calculating a plurality of phase differences between the first response and the second response at a plurality of time points according to a plurality of frames of the video signal, wherein the frames correspond to the time points respectively,
wherein the Doppler path detection circuit calculates a difference value between cosine values of every two phase differences in the phase differences, obtains a plurality of difference values, calculates a sum of the difference values, judges whether the sum is greater than a first critical value or not to generate a first judgment result,
the Doppler path detection circuit calculates a difference value between cosine values of two phase differences corresponding to a first frame and a last frame in the phase differences, judges whether the difference value is larger than a second critical value to generate a second judgment result, calculates a difference value between every two phase differences in the phase differences, obtains a plurality of difference values according to the difference value, and counts the difference values to obtain a phase rotation direction change time;
when the first judgment result indicates that the sum of the difference values is greater than the first critical value, the second judgment result indicates that the difference value is greater than the second critical value, and the number of times of the phase rotation direction change is less than a third critical value, the Doppler path detection circuit judges that the echo path is a Doppler path,
wherein when the echo path is determined to be the Doppler path, the Doppler path detection circuit calculates a phase rotation frequency corresponding to the Doppler path according to a difference between at least two phase differences among the phase differences,
the estimation circuit generates a set of setting signals according to the phase rotation frequency;
an equalizer for equalizing the video signal according to the set of setting signals to generate an equalized signal; and
an error correction circuit for performing error correction on the equalized signal according to the set of setting signals.
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