CN108122623A - A kind of deep-sea nuclear power apparatus - Google Patents

A kind of deep-sea nuclear power apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108122623A
CN108122623A CN201711414720.2A CN201711414720A CN108122623A CN 108122623 A CN108122623 A CN 108122623A CN 201711414720 A CN201711414720 A CN 201711414720A CN 108122623 A CN108122623 A CN 108122623A
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reactor
deep
conversion module
thermo
nuclear power
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CN201711414720.2A
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CN108122623B (en
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吴宜灿
何梅生
刘超
周涛
王明煌
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Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of CAS
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Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of CAS
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21DNUCLEAR POWER PLANT
    • G21D7/00Arrangements for direct production of electric energy from fusion or fission reactions
    • G21D7/04Arrangements for direct production of electric energy from fusion or fission reactions using thermoelectric elements or thermoionic converters
    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21CNUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C1/00Reactor types
    • G21C1/04Thermal reactors ; Epithermal reactors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30Nuclear fission reactors

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of deep-sea nuclear power apparatus, are formed including reactor, thermo-electric conversion module, secondary circuit, secondary circuit transfer tube, runner interlayer, pressure chamber and auxiliary system.Wherein, the thermo-electric conversion module is static thermo-electric conversion module, provides reactor to converting heat as electric energy, waste heat is emitted into through pressure chamber in abyssal environment by secondary circuit.The present invention can break through the continuous run-limiting of traditional nuclear power apparatus without dynamic component;Static thermoelectric conversion system and reactor direct heat transfer, improve system whole efficiency.

Description

A kind of deep-sea nuclear power apparatus
Technical field
The present invention relates to nuclear energy engineering technical fields, and in particular to a kind of deep-sea nuclear power apparatus.
Background technology
Ocean occupies the area of earth surface 71%, contains abundant natural resources.Due to the excessive exploitation of near-coastal resources, The pollution of environment, the utilization of marine resources develop towards off-lying sea and deep-sea.Conventional submersible uses battery as the energy, can only Realization is run in short-term, seriously limits working range.Nuclear power system energy density is high, and the underwater energy in deep-sea can be improved from magnitude The cruising ability and the speed of a ship or plane in source greatly promote the research work at deep-sea.
Substantial amounts of research has been done in the field of deep-sea nuclear-electric power supply by Japan, and developing deep-sea small size back on the basis of heap peculiar to vessel should Heap DRX, underwater detectoscope small-sized diving reactor SCR and deep-sea fast reactor DSFR.U.S.'s NR-1 reactors can reach under water 1500 meters of depth.Existing deep-sea nuclear power system generally carries out heat to electricity conversion using dynamic thermodynamic cycle, and dynamic component needs It frequent to be safeguarded and be replaced, significantly limit the working time of deep-sea nuclear power system.The pump and valve of steam turbine at present The maintenance of the components such as door is typically not greater than 2 years.And deep-ocean resource exploitation platform or deep-sea space station need 10 years it is even longer when Between energy supply, the application of a large amount of dynamic components can not meet its requirement.
The content of the invention
The present invention is in view of the shortcomings of the prior art, propose a kind of deep-sea nuclear power apparatus, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of compact-sized Rationally, generating efficiency is high, and irradiation damage is small, can long-time Maintenance free nuclear power apparatus.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:A kind of deep-sea nuclear power apparatus, including reactor 1, thermo-electric conversion module 3, two Circuit 4, secondary circuit transfer tube 5, runner interlayer 6, pressure chamber 7 and auxiliary system 8.The reactor 1 contains reactor core 2, is used for Thermal energy is provided for system, reactor core 2 is located at the lower part of reactor 1;The thermo-electric conversion module 3 is included in reactor 1, instead The cooling working medium in heap 1 is answered to be cycled between reactor core 2 and thermo-electric conversion module 3, heat is transferred to heat to electricity conversion mould from reactor core 2 Block 3, subsequent thermo-electric conversion module 3 convert heat into electric energy;Cooling working medium in 4 pipeline of secondary circuit is driven by secondary circuit Dynamic 5 driving Xun Huan of pump, the heat that thermo-electric conversion module 3 is failed to change into electric energy discharge, are passed heat by runner interlayer 6 Pressure chamber 7 is passed, outwardly low temperature seawater radiates by the wall surface of pressure chamber 7.
The reactor 1 is liquid-metal reactor.Liquid-metal reactor has good Neutron properties.Liquid gold Belong to after receiving irradiation in reactor core 2, be not likely to produce overactivity substance;Adequate shielding is carried out to reactor core, it can be effective Reduce the irradiation that thermo-electric conversion module 3 is subjected to.
The reactor core 2 is the core of reactor, and nuclear fission reaction is happened in reactor core 2.Reactor core 2 is responsible for entirely Deep-sea nuclear power apparatus provides thermal energy.
The thermo-electric conversion module 3 converts heat energy into electric energy using static thermoelectric generation technology.Thermo-electric conversion module 3 be sandwich type structure, between Core cooling agent working medium and secondary circuit cooling agent working medium.Thermo-electric conversion module 3 be mounted on than The high position of the level height of reactor core 2, the cooling agent in reactor 1, due to the height between reactor core 2 and thermo-electric conversion module 3 Difference and temperature difference carry out automatic circulating.
Preferably, the thermoelectric conversion system is static heat electric coupler power generation;
Preferably, the thermoelectric conversion system is static thermionic generation.
The secondary circuit 4 and secondary circuit transfer tube 5 takes waste heat out of out of reactor 1, is transferred to runner interlayer 6.Institute Circulating coolant is oil coolant in the secondary circuit 4 stated.The cycling of oil coolant may operate under high pressure under normal pressure.
The pressure chamber 7 is circular sphere, and the pressure from deep-sea is resisted for entire deep-sea nuclear power apparatus.Simultaneous reactions heap 1 center of gravity is relatively low, and the circular configuration of pressure chamber 7 can realize the external environment that entire deep-sea nuclear power apparatus is disturbed in marine fluid Lower realization self-balancing.Filling inert protective gas in the pressure chamber 7, can be to avoid the possibility of oil coolant fire.
The auxiliary system 8 provides gas shield for the normal operation of reactor, working medium is safeguarded and automatically controlled.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1st, deep-sea nuclear power apparatus provided by the invention, reactor use Natural Circulation, and the mode of static heat to electricity conversion is incompetent Dynamic component can break through the limitation of existing deep-ocean resource exploitation and detection power supply cruising ability.
2nd, deep-sea nuclear power apparatus provided by the invention, reactor use the reactor of liquid metal cooling, reduce cooling agent Activation so that thermo-electric conversion module can be arranged in inside reactor, improved the efficiency of thermo-electric conversion module, reached using water It is flat.
3rd, deep-sea nuclear power apparatus provided by the invention, secondary circuit cooling agent use oil cooling working medium, and system structure is simple, without Pressure is adjusted, and can realize quick power regulation.
4th, deep-sea nuclear power apparatus provided by the invention, pressure chamber are spherical structure, and cooler is mounted in pressure chamber, pressure Chamber is without through with better load performance.
5th, deep-sea nuclear power apparatus provided by the invention, can be effective by the design of pressure chamber geometry and centre of gravity External disturbance environment is resisted, is voluntarily restored balance under tilt condition rocking.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is deep-sea nuclear power apparatus sectional view;
Fig. 2 is reactor cross-sectional view;
Fig. 3 is system flow chart;
Fig. 4 is thermo-electric conversion module plate partial cutaway view.
Reference numeral meaning is in figure:1 is reactor, and 3 be thermo-electric conversion module, and 4 be secondary circuit, and 5 drive for secondary circuit Pump, 6 be runner interlayer, and 7 be pressure chamber, and 8 be auxiliary system, and 9 be a side pipe, and 10 be secondary side pipe, and 11 be down-comer, 12 For mini thermoelectric heat converting unit.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment further illustrates the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the deep-sea nuclear power apparatus includes reactor 1, thermo-electric conversion module 3, secondary circuit 4, secondary circuit Transfer tube 5, runner interlayer 6, pressure chamber 7 and auxiliary system 8.
The reactor 1 is liquid-metal reactor, is circulated and conducted heat using liquid metal.Reactor 1 wraps Network reactor core 2, reactor core 2 and thermo-electric conversion module 3 provide the border of cooling agent Xun Huan.Liquid metal after by nuclear radiation, live by neutron Change it is low, it is small for the irradiation of thermo-electric conversion module 3, thus allow thermo-electric conversion module be arranged in inside reactor 1.Reactor 1 Positioned at the lower part of pressure chamber 7, deep-sea nuclear power apparatus center of gravity is reduced.
The reactor core 2 is the core of reactor, and nuclear fission reaction is happened in reactor core 2.Reactor core 2 is responsible for entirely Deep-sea nuclear power apparatus provides thermal energy.
The thermo-electric conversion module 3 converts heat energy into electric energy using static thermoelectric generation technology.Thermo-electric conversion module 3 be sandwich type structure, between Core cooling agent working medium and secondary circuit cooling agent working medium.The radially ring of thermo-electric conversion module 3 The periphery of reactor core 2 is wound on, higher than the horizontal level of reactor core 2, by density contrast of the cooling agent in flow channel, drives cooling agent Voluntarily cycle.
Preferably, the thermoelectric conversion system is static heat electric coupler power generation;
Preferably, the thermoelectric conversion system is static thermionic generation.
The secondary circuit 4 is organic oil SAPMAC method circuit.Organic oil can work in 0~300 DEG C of high temperature under normal pressure, From the opposite side of thermo-electric conversion module 3, heat is taken out of.
The secondary circuit transfer tube 5 drives organic oil working medium to be cycled in secondary circuit, by heat from heat to electricity conversion Module 3 is transferred to runner interlayer 6.
The runner interlayer 6, is formed by the spherical structure for being close to pressure chamber 7, makes cooling agent along 7 inner surface stream of pressure chamber It is dynamic.The heat of secondary circuit 4 is transferred to eventually by the heat conduction of pressure chamber 7 in outside body of water.
The pressure chamber 7 is spheroidal thick-walled structure, contains all systems of deep-sea nuclear power apparatus, resists the external pressure at deep-sea Power;Pressure chamber 7 can be exported the waste heat of deep-sea nuclear power apparatus from wall surface using high intensity, highly heat-conductive material manufacture simultaneously.It is described Pressure chamber 7 in filling inert protective gas, can be to avoid the possibility of oil coolant fire.The center of gravity of reactor 1 is relatively low, pressure The circular configuration of power chamber 7 can be realized realizes self-balancing under the external environment that entire deep-sea nuclear power apparatus is disturbed in marine fluid.
The auxiliary system 8 provides gas shield for the normal operation of reactor, working medium is safeguarded and automatically controlled.
As shown in Fig. 2, the reactor core 2 in reactor 1 is circular configuration, thermo-electric conversion module 3 is located at the periphery of reactor core 2.Heat Electric modular converter 3 is plank frame, and plate is arranged along the radially installed of reactor 1.
As shown in figure 3, cooling agent is cycled between reactor core 2 and thermo-electric conversion module 3 in reactor 1, by 2 heat of reactor core Amount takes thermo-electric conversion module 3 out of;Secondary circuit cooling agent is driven between thermo-electric conversion module 3 and runner interlayer 6 by secondary circuit Dynamic pump 5 is cycled, and the waste heat of thermo-electric conversion module 3 is transferred to runner interlayer 6, then by the wall surface of pressure chamber 7 by heat It arranges to seawater.
As shown in figure 4, the plate of thermo-electric conversion module 3 uses sandwich, it is respectively a side pipe 9, two from outside to inside Secondary side pipe 10, down-comer 11.Primary Ioops working medium flows downward along a side pipe 9.Secondary circuit working medium is injected from down-comer 11, 11 bottom of down-comer is flowed upwards out through the passage between secondary side pipe 10 and down-comer 11.Mini thermoelectric heat converting unit 12 is located at Between side pipe 9 and secondary side pipe 10, generated electricity by the temperature difference between primary Ioops and secondary circuit.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of deep-sea nuclear power apparatus, it is characterised in that:The deep-sea nuclear power apparatus includes reactor (1), heat to electricity conversion mould Block (3), secondary circuit (4), secondary circuit transfer tube (5), runner interlayer (6), pressure chamber (7) and auxiliary system (8);The reaction Heap (1) contains reactor core (2), and for providing thermal energy for system, reactor core (2) is located at the lower part of reactor (1);The heat to electricity conversion Module (3) is included in reactor (1), and the cooling working medium in reactor (1) is between reactor core (2) and thermo-electric conversion module (3) Xun Huan, is transferred to thermo-electric conversion module (3), subsequent thermo-electric conversion module (3) converts heat into electricity by heat from reactor core (2) Energy;Cooling working medium in described secondary circuit (4) pipeline is driven by secondary circuit transfer tube (5) to be cycled, by thermo-electric conversion module (3) The heat for failing to change into electric energy is discharged, and is transferred heat to pressure chamber (7) by runner interlayer (6), is passed through pressure chamber (7) Outwardly low temperature seawater radiates wall surface.
2. a kind of deep-sea nuclear power apparatus as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The reactor (1) is liquid metal Reactor.
3. a kind of deep-sea nuclear power apparatus as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The thermo-electric conversion module (3) uses The temperature difference or the static thermoelectric generation technology of thermionic generation.
4. a kind of deep-sea nuclear power apparatus as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The secondary circuit (4) uses oil cooling work Matter is cycled.
5. a kind of deep-sea nuclear power apparatus as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The pressure chamber (7) is spheroidal knot Structure, inside filling inert protective gas.
CN201711414720.2A 2017-12-25 2017-12-25 Deep sea nuclear power device Active CN108122623B (en)

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Cited By (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109243653A (en) * 2018-09-25 2019-01-18 西安交通大学 A kind of Multifunctional small size nuclear reactor power supply
CN110060788A (en) * 2019-04-10 2019-07-26 西安交通大学 A kind of general thermion nuclear reactor for space power supply thermal transient Analysis of Electrical Characteristics method
CN110310751A (en) * 2019-06-29 2019-10-08 西安交通大学 A kind of nuclear reactor power supply of the two-way insertion reactor core of heat pipe
CN111524624A (en) * 2020-04-03 2020-08-11 哈尔滨工程大学 Thermionic conversion and Brayton cycle combined power generation reactor system
CN111584101A (en) * 2020-04-29 2020-08-25 武汉第二船舶设计研究所(中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所) Cooling device of deep sea nuclear energy system
CN112670003A (en) * 2020-12-21 2021-04-16 华南理工大学 Bromine salt cooling small molten salt reactor for providing nuclear power for deep sea space station
CN112797111A (en) * 2021-03-04 2021-05-14 天津市滨海新区迅捷达科技发展有限公司 Marine small-size nuclear power reactor inertial force counteracts from steady device
CN113140348A (en) * 2021-03-05 2021-07-20 国科中子能(青岛)研究院有限公司 Reactor nuclear power supply and have its removal carrier

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109243653A (en) * 2018-09-25 2019-01-18 西安交通大学 A kind of Multifunctional small size nuclear reactor power supply
CN109243653B (en) * 2018-09-25 2020-09-15 西安交通大学 Multipurpose small nuclear reactor power supply
CN110060788A (en) * 2019-04-10 2019-07-26 西安交通大学 A kind of general thermion nuclear reactor for space power supply thermal transient Analysis of Electrical Characteristics method
CN110310751A (en) * 2019-06-29 2019-10-08 西安交通大学 A kind of nuclear reactor power supply of the two-way insertion reactor core of heat pipe
CN111524624A (en) * 2020-04-03 2020-08-11 哈尔滨工程大学 Thermionic conversion and Brayton cycle combined power generation reactor system
CN111584101A (en) * 2020-04-29 2020-08-25 武汉第二船舶设计研究所(中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所) Cooling device of deep sea nuclear energy system
CN112670003A (en) * 2020-12-21 2021-04-16 华南理工大学 Bromine salt cooling small molten salt reactor for providing nuclear power for deep sea space station
CN112670003B (en) * 2020-12-21 2024-01-30 华南理工大学 Bromine salt cooling small molten salt reactor for providing nuclear power for deep sea space station
CN112797111A (en) * 2021-03-04 2021-05-14 天津市滨海新区迅捷达科技发展有限公司 Marine small-size nuclear power reactor inertial force counteracts from steady device
CN112797111B (en) * 2021-03-04 2021-06-22 天津市滨海新区迅捷达科技发展有限公司 Marine small-size nuclear power reactor inertial force counteracts from steady device
CN113140348A (en) * 2021-03-05 2021-07-20 国科中子能(青岛)研究院有限公司 Reactor nuclear power supply and have its removal carrier
CN113140348B (en) * 2021-03-05 2023-06-30 国科中子能(青岛)研究院有限公司 Nuclear power supply of reactor and mobile carrier with same

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