CN108119588B - Low-frequency broadband vibration suppression structure based on double-period forbidden band characteristic - Google Patents
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
- F16F7/10—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect
- F16F7/104—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect the inertia member being resiliently mounted
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2234/00—Shape
- F16F2234/06—Shape plane or flat
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Abstract
The invention relates to a low-frequency broadband vibration suppression structure based on a double-period forbidden band characteristic, belonging to the field of mechanical vibration and noise control, in particular to the technical field of aviation, aerospace and ship vibration noise control. The vibration suppression structure is formed by periodically compounding the same cell elements, wherein each cell element comprises a four-layer structure which is a homogeneous attaching layer, a periodic sandwich layer, a homogeneous restraint layer and a homogeneous surface layer from bottom to top in sequence. The periodic sandwich layer of a single cell element of the structure is composed of A, B materials, through holes are respectively formed in the centers of the sandwich layers composed of the A material and the B material, a local resonance unit is respectively installed in each through hole and is formed by connecting an upper spring element, a lower spring element and a middle mass element, and the two spring elements are respectively connected with a homogeneous attachment layer on the lower side and a homogeneous constraint layer on the upper side. The periodic vibration suppression structure provided by the invention can generate a vibration suppression effect in a low-frequency wide-frequency range, and is beneficial to solving the problem of poor low-frequency vibration suppression effect of the existing vibration suppression technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a low-frequency broadband vibration suppression structure based on a double-period forbidden band characteristic, belonging to the field of mechanical vibration and noise control, in particular to the technical field of aviation, aerospace and ship vibration noise control.
Background
Mechanical structures vibrate when excited, which is a common physical phenomenon. While vibration can be utilized by humans and is economically beneficial, in many cases vibration can pose a serious hazard. In the field of aviation, reducing the vibration of structures and thus the noise in the cabin can improve the riding comfort of passengers. In the aerospace field, the structure can strongly vibrate due to the huge external load of the rocket or the missile in the launching or working state, and the working safety of the rocket and the guidance accuracy of the missile can be improved by effectively reducing the structural vibration. In addition, in the field of ship engineering, the structural vibration of an underwater vehicle is reduced, the propagation of mechanical waves in the structure is controlled, the noise radiation of the vehicle is further reduced, the probability of being detected by an enemy sonar can be reduced, good stealth performance is realized, and the marine national defense strength is greatly improved. Therefore, vibration control has long been an important technical problem in various fields such as aviation, aerospace and ships.
Aiming at the structural vibration problem in each engineering field, mature traditional technologies and methods for controlling structural vibration such as vibration isolation, vibration absorption, damping vibration attenuation and the like are gradually formed, and a good vibration suppression effect is obtained at medium and high frequencies. However, the conventional vibration control technology has a poor vibration suppression effect at low frequency. Although the active vibration suppression technology can solve the problem of low-frequency line spectrum vibration control to a certain extent, the active vibration suppression technology cannot be used for low-frequency broadband vibration at present. Therefore, how to control the vibration of the structure in the low frequency and wide frequency range has become a key issue in the field of vibration control.
The periodic structure is formed by compounding the same unit periods, and the periodic distribution of the periodic structure enables the structure to present a band gap filtering characteristic, namely, elastic waves outside a band gap frequency range can be normally transmitted, and elastic waves in the band gap frequency range cannot be freely transmitted and are restrained. Therefore, the band gap characteristic of the periodic structure can provide a new method and idea for vibration control. By reasonably designing the cell parameters of the periodic structure, the band gap can be regulated and controlled in a low-frequency range, and the problem of low-frequency vibration control can be solved by using the periodic structure. The band gap mechanism of the periodic structure can be generally divided into a bragg scattering type and a local resonance type, wherein the wavelength corresponding to the band gap frequency of the bragg scattering type is in the same order of magnitude as the lattice constant, and the wavelength corresponding to the band gap frequency of the local resonance type can be larger than the lattice constant. Therefore, a double periodic structure combining two band gap mechanisms can be designed, the band gap frequency range of the Bragg scattering periodic structure and the band gap frequency range of the local resonance periodic structure are adjusted in different frequency bands of low frequency, and then the low-frequency-width band gap can be obtained, so that the vibration of the structure in the low-frequency wide-frequency range can be controlled, and the problem of low-frequency wide-frequency vibration control is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vibration suppression structure for reducing the vibration of an elastic structure in the engineering field in a low-frequency and wide-frequency range, and mainly aims to achieve the purposes of vibration reduction and noise reduction by laying a periodic sandwich and a periodic local resonance unit dual-periodic structure on a vibration-suppressed structure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a low-frequency broadband vibration suppression structure based on a double-period forbidden band characteristic is formed by periodically compounding the same cell elements, wherein each cell element comprises a four-layer structure which is a homogeneous attaching layer, a periodic sandwich layer, a homogeneous constraint layer and a homogeneous surface layer from bottom to top in sequence. The periodic sandwich layer of a single cell element of the structure is composed of A, B materials, through holes are respectively formed in the centers of the sandwich layers made of the materials A and B, and a local resonance unit is respectively installed in each through hole. The local resonance unit is formed by connecting an upper spring element and a lower spring element with a middle mass element, wherein the two spring elements are respectively connected with a lower homogeneous attachment layer and an upper homogeneous constraint layer.
According to the low-frequency broadband vibration suppression structure based on the double-period forbidden band characteristic, the homogeneous attaching layer, the periodic sandwich layer and the homogeneous surface layer are made of viscoelastic damping materials, and the homogeneous constraint layer is made of elastic metal materials.
According to the low-frequency broadband vibration suppression structure based on the double-period forbidden band characteristic, different length sizes are selected for the sandwich layer A and the sandwich layer B in the periodic sandwich layer along the periodic direction, and the resonance frequencies of the two local resonance units respectively located in the through holes of the sandwich layer A and the sandwich layer B are set to be different frequencies.
According to the low-frequency broadband vibration suppression structure based on the double-period forbidden band characteristic, the spring element in the local resonance unit is a structure which is composed of a spring or a homogeneous soft material and can provide elastic support.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following main characteristics and beneficial effects:
the vibration suppression structure provided by the invention has the characteristic of periodic distribution, the periodic sandwich layer can generate a Bragg scattering band gap, and the periodic local resonance unit can generate a local resonance band gap. Within the band gap, the vibrational response of the structure can be effectively suppressed. By reasonably selecting the size and material parameters of the cell element, the band gap frequency of the periodic vibration suppression structure can be regulated to a low-frequency band, and the Bragg scattering band gap and the local resonance band gap are in different frequency ranges, so that the low-frequency broadband vibration suppression effect is achieved. In addition, the damping-containing homogeneous attached layer, the periodic sandwich layer, the homogeneous surface layer and the damping-containing local resonance unit are beneficial to further widening the vibration suppression band gap frequency range. The invention is helpful to solve the problem of poor low-frequency vibration suppression effect of the existing vibration suppression technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1: a single cell schematic diagram of a periodic vibration suppression structure.
FIG. 2: A-A cross section of a single cell of a periodic vibration suppression structure.
FIG. 3: the periodic vibration suppression structure is installed schematically (explosion diagram).
FIG. 4: and comparing the average vibration response of the substrate excitation area and the substrate vibration pickup area of the periodic vibration suppression structure.
In the figure: 1-homogeneous adhesive layer; 2-periodic sandwich layer; 21-sandwich layer A; 22-sandwich layer B; 23-a through hole a in the sandwich layer a; 24-spring element a of local resonance unit a; 25-mass element a of local resonance unit a; 26-a through hole B in the sandwich layer B; 27-spring element B of local resonance unit B; 28-mass element B of local resonance unit B. 3-homogeneous confinement layer; 4-a homogenous surface layer; 5-a vibration-damped matrix structure; 51-excitation area of damped matrix structure; 52-vibration pick-up zone of the damped matrix structure.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The periodic vibration suppression structure is a multilayer composite structure and is attached to the base structure (5) to be suppressed to reduce the vibration of the base structure (5) to be suppressed. The structure can be seen as a periodic composite of single cells in two directions in a plane as shown in fig. 1 and 2. The periodic vibration suppression structure integrally comprises a homogeneous attachment layer (1), a periodic sandwich layer (2), a homogeneous restraint layer (3) and a homogeneous surface layer (4). The homogeneous attaching layer (1) is directly connected with the vibration-suppressed base structure (5) and is used for attaching to the vibration-suppressed base structure (5). The periodic sandwich layer (2) contains two different sandwich materials and two same (or different) local resonance units for respectively forming a Bragg scattering band gap and a local resonance band gap so as to reduce the vibration of the structure in the band gap. The homogeneous restraint layer (3) is made of metal materials (steel or aluminum and the like), and has the following functions: on one hand, the periodic sandwich layer is restrained to form a restrained damping structure, and on the other hand, the pressure resistance of the periodic vibration suppression structure can be improved. The homogeneous surface layer (4) is made of viscoelastic damping material and has the following functions: on the one hand, the damping of the structure can be increased, and the structural vibration is further reduced, on the other hand, when the device is applied to an underwater environment, the device can protect the metal material of the homogeneous constraint layer (3) and prevent corrosion. Solid glue or liquid glue is adopted to fasten and bond among all layers of the vibration suppression structure, so that interlayer slippage is prevented, wherein the homogeneous attaching layer (1) at the lowest side is directly connected with the vibration suppression matrix structure, and solid glue or liquid glue is also adopted to fasten and bond. Through holes (23, 26) are arranged at the center positions of the periodic sandwich layer A (21) and the periodic sandwich layer B (22) for installing periodic local resonance units. The band gap of the local resonance unit can be regulated in a low frequency range by adjusting the mass (25, 28) of the local resonance unit or the spring stiffness (24, 27) of the elastic element of the local resonance unit, and the two local resonance units can present different forbidden band frequencies.
The vibration suppression mechanism of the periodic vibration suppression structure mainly comprises three aspects of Bragg scattering band gap vibration suppression, local resonance band gap vibration suppression and damping structure vibration suppression. Specific vibration suppression structure parameters are selected below to further illustrate the vibration suppression effect of the vibration suppression structure in the low frequency range. The size of the vibration-restrained base structure (5) is 1600mm multiplied by 300mm multiplied by 4mm, and the material is steel. The periodic vibration suppressing structure comprises 6 cells in total, wherein the length of each cell is 200mm, the width of each cell is 300mm, and the lengths of the sandwich layers A (21) and B (22) are equal and are both 100 mm. The thickness of each layer is 1mm, 8mm, 1mm and 1mm from bottom to top in sequence as shown in figure 1. The radius of the through hole A (23) and the radius of the through hole B (26) in the periodic sandwich layer are both 25mm, and the radius of the mass elements A (25) and B (28) and the radius of the spring elements A (24) and B (27) are both 20 mm. The height of the mass elements (25, 28) is 4mm and the height of the spring elements (24, 27) is 2 mm. The mass elements (25, 28) are made of lead, and the total mass is 58.3 g; equivalent spring rates of spring elements A (24) and B (27), respectivelySet to 23065.1Pa and 70576.5 Pa. The homogeneous attaching layer (1) and the homogeneous surface layer (4) in the periodic vibration suppression structure are made of viscoelastic materials, wherein the elastic modulus is 107Pa, density 1100kg/m3The loss factor was 0.2. The material of the homogeneous restraint layer (3) is aluminum. The sandwich layer A (21) is KT foam material with the elastic modulus of 2 multiplied by 105Pa, density of 58kg/m3The loss factor was 0.2. The sandwich layer B (22) is made of nitrile rubber material and has the elastic modulus of 3 multiplied by 108Pa, density of 1780kg/m3The loss factor was 0.2.
Fig. 3 is an exploded view of the overall structure of an additional periodic vibration suppressing structure, wherein the periodic vibration suppressing structure is installed in the middle area (called vibration suppressing area) of a substrate structure (5) to be suppressed, the vibration suppressing structure is not installed on the left and right sides of the vibration suppressing area, the left side is called substrate exciting area (51) and is excited by unit linear force, and the right side is called substrate vibration picking area (52). As can be seen from the corresponding comparison of the average vibration of the substrate excitation area (51) and the substrate vibration pickup area (52) in FIG. 4, the elastic wave is greatly attenuated in the frequency range of 80Hz to 285Hz after being transmitted from the excitation area (51) to the vibration pickup area (52) through the vibration suppression area, i.e. the vibration is effectively suppressed in the low-frequency broadband range, which shows that the periodic vibration suppression structure of the invention has good low-frequency broadband vibration suppression characteristics.
Claims (4)
1. A low frequency broadband vibration suppression structure based on a bicycle forbidden band characteristic is characterized in that: the structure is formed by periodically compounding the same cells, wherein each single cell comprises a four-layer structure which comprises a homogeneous attachment layer (1), a periodic sandwich layer (2), a homogeneous constraint layer (3) and a homogeneous surface layer (4) from bottom to top in sequence, the periodic sandwich layer of each single cell of the structure is formed by materials of A (21) and B (22), through holes (23 and 26) are respectively formed in the centers of the sandwich layers formed by the materials of A (21) and B (22), a local resonance unit is respectively arranged in each through hole and is formed by connecting an upper spring element (24) and a lower spring element (27) with a middle mass element (25 and 28), and the two spring elements (24 and 27) are respectively connected with the homogeneous attachment layer (1) on the lower side and the homogeneous constraint layer (3) on the upper side.
2. The dual-period forbidden band characteristic-based low-frequency broadband vibration suppression structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the materials of the homogeneous attachment layer (1), the periodic sandwich layer (2) and the homogeneous surface layer (4) are viscoelastic damping materials, and the material of the homogeneous constraint layer (3) is an elastic metal material.
3. The dual-period-forbidden-band-characteristic-based low-frequency broadband vibration suppression structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the length dimensions of the sandwich layer A (21) and the sandwich layer B (22) in the periodic sandwich layer are different along the periodic direction, and the resonant frequencies of the two local resonance units respectively located in the through holes of the sandwich layer A (21) and the sandwich layer B (22) are set to be different frequencies.
4. The structure of claim 3, wherein the spring elements (24, 27) in the local resonance unit are springs or a structure made of soft material with homogeneous quality and capable of providing elastic support.
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| CN112747060A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-04 | 西北工业大学 | Quasi-periodic local resonance structure for widening vibration reduction frequency band |
| CN113761648B (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2024-05-31 | 同济大学 | Low-frequency vibration reduction double-layer corrugated superstructure |
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