CN108115292B - Method for cutting workpiece corner by laser and cutting system - Google Patents
Method for cutting workpiece corner by laser and cutting system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108115292B CN108115292B CN201711488890.5A CN201711488890A CN108115292B CN 108115292 B CN108115292 B CN 108115292B CN 201711488890 A CN201711488890 A CN 201711488890A CN 108115292 B CN108115292 B CN 108115292B
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 268
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for cutting a workpiece corner by laser and a cutting system. The method for cutting the corner of the workpiece by the laser comprises the following steps: providing a workpiece; controlling the laser beam to cut from a first edge of the workpiece to a starting point of a corner position of the workpiece by adopting a first curve cutting mode of a control curve; controlling the laser beam to cut a preset length at the corner position of the workpiece by adopting a second curve cutting mode of the control curve; controlling the laser beam to cut from the end point of the corner position to the second edge of the workpiece by adopting a third curve cutting mode of the control curve; controlling the laser beam to cut along the second edge of the workpiece by adopting a fourth curve cutting mode of the control curve; the method for cutting the corner of the workpiece by the laser beam is adaptive to processing according to different positions of the workpiece processed by the laser beam, so that the problems that airflow is disordered and a melt is not easy to remove at the corner position of the workpiece are solved, and the plate is continuously cut.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber laser cutting, in particular to a method and a cutting system for cutting a workpiece corner by laser.
Background
The laser cutting is to irradiate the workpiece with a focused laser beam with high power density, so that the material of the irradiated workpiece is rapidly melted or vaporized or ablated or reaches a burning point, and meanwhile, the molten material is blown off by high-speed airflow coaxial with the laser beam, so that the workpiece is cut off. However, when the laser beam cuts at the corner position of the workpiece, particularly when the corner angle is too small and the thickness of the workpiece is thick, the problem of turbulence of the gas flow and difficulty in removing the melt occurs at the corner position of the workpiece, resulting in difficulty in cutting the plate material, and thus the cutting of the plate material cannot be continued.
As shown in fig. 1, when a stainless steel workpiece with a thickness of 20mm or more is cut by a conventional laser cutting method, and the cutting corner angle is a small-angle corner within 90 degrees, the problem that the air flow is disturbed and the melt is not easy to be removed occurs at the corner position of the workpiece by the laser beam, so that the workpiece is difficult to cut and cannot be continuously cut.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a method and a system for laser cutting a corner of a workpiece, which can solve the problems that the air flow is disturbed and the melt is not easy to be removed at the corner position of the workpiece.
A method of laser cutting a corner of a workpiece, comprising:
providing a workpiece;
controlling a laser beam to cut from a first edge of the workpiece to a starting point of a corner position of the workpiece by using a first curve cutting mode of a control curve, wherein a cutting speed, a frequency, a duty cycle, a follow-up height and a focus of the first curve cutting mode are all kept constant, the cutting speed is u1, the frequency is p1, the duty cycle is D1, the follow-up height is H1, and the focus is F1;
controlling the laser beam to cut a preset length at the corner position of the workpiece by adopting a second curve cutting mode of the control curve, so that the laser beam cuts from the starting point of the corner position to the end point of the corner position; the cutting speed, frequency, duty cycle, follow-up height, and focal point of the second curvilinear cut pattern are all kept constant, wherein the cutting speed has a value of u2, the frequency has a value of p2, the duty cycle has a value of D2, the follow-up height has a value of H2, the focal point has a value of F2, and u1 is greater than u2, p1 is greater than p2, D1 is greater than D2, H1 is less than H2, and F1 is less than F2;
controlling the laser beam to cut from the end point of the corner position to a second edge of the workpiece with a third curvilinear cut mode of the control curve, wherein a cutting speed of the third curvilinear cut mode increases from u2 to u1, a frequency of the third curvilinear cut mode increases in value from p2 to p1, a duty cycle of the third curvilinear cut mode increases in value from D2 to D1, a follow-up height of the third curvilinear cut mode decreases in value from H2 to H1, and a focal point of the third curvilinear cut mode has a constant value of F2; and
and controlling the laser beam to cut along the second edge of the workpiece by adopting a fourth curve cutting mode of the control curve, wherein the cutting speed, the frequency, the duty ratio, the follow-up height and the focus of the fourth curve cutting mode are all kept constant, the value of the cutting speed is u1, the value of the frequency is p1, the value of the duty ratio is D1, the value of the follow-up height is H1, and the value of the focus is F1.
In one embodiment, the step of controlling the laser beam to cut from the first edge of the workpiece to the start of the corner position of the workpiece using the first curve cutting mode of the control curve is specifically:
and controlling the laser beam to cut from the first edge of the workpiece to the starting point of the corner position of the workpiece by using a first curve cutting mode of the control curve through a controller.
In one embodiment, the step of controlling the laser beam to cut a predetermined length at the corner position of the workpiece by using the second curve cutting mode of the control curve includes:
and controlling the laser beam to cut a preset length at the corner position of the workpiece by controlling the laser beam by the controller and adopting a second curve cutting mode of the control curve.
In one embodiment, the step of controlling the laser beam to cut from the end point of the corner position to the second edge of the workpiece by using the third curve cutting mode of the control curve includes:
and controlling the laser beam to cut from the end point of the corner position to the second edge of the workpiece by controlling the laser beam by the controller and adopting a third curve cutting mode of the control curve.
In one embodiment, the controller is a programmable logic controller, so that a control program in the controller can be adaptively edited, and the controller has better universality.
In one embodiment, the increase in cutting speed of the third curvilinear cutting mode from u2 to u1 is:
the cutting speed of the third curve cutting mode is linearly increased from u2 to u1, so that the increase of the cutting speed of the third curve cutting mode is gentle, the numerical value of the cutting speed of the laser beam is prevented from changing sharply, and the problems that the laser beam is disturbed in air flow and melts are not easy to remove when the laser beam is used for cutting a workpiece can be better avoided.
In one embodiment, the increase in frequency of the third curve cutting pattern from p2 to p1 is:
the frequency of the third curve cutting mode is linearly increased from p2 to p1, so that the frequency of the third curve cutting mode is gradually increased, the rapid change of the frequency value of the laser beam is avoided, and the problems that the laser beam has airflow disorder and melts are not easy to remove when cutting a workpiece can be better avoided.
In one embodiment, increasing the duty cycle of the third curvilinear cutting pattern from D2 to D1 specifically is:
the duty ratio of the third curve cutting mode is linearly increased from D2 to D1, so that the increase of the duty ratio of the third curve cutting mode is gentle, the rapid change of the numerical value of the duty ratio of the laser beam is avoided, and the problems that the laser beam is disturbed in air flow and melts are not easy to remove when the laser beam is used for cutting a workpiece can be better avoided.
In one embodiment, the corresponding control curve is set according to the included angle value of the corner position, so that the control curve is adaptive to the included angle value of the corner position, and workpieces with different included angle values can be processed better.
A cutting system cuts stainless steel according to the method for cutting the corner of the workpiece by the laser.
The method for cutting the corner of the workpiece by the laser and the cutting system are characterized in that firstly, a workpiece is provided; then controlling the laser beam to control the laser beam to cut from the first edge of the workpiece to the starting point of the corner position of the workpiece by adopting a first curve cutting mode of a control curve, wherein the cutting speed, the frequency, the duty ratio, the follow-up height and the focus of the first curve cutting mode are kept constant, so that the cutting speed, the frequency, the duty ratio, the follow-up height and the focus of the step are kept constant; then controlling the laser beam to cut a preset length at the corner position of the workpiece by controlling the laser beam to adopt a second curve cutting mode of the control curve so that the laser beam cuts from the starting point of the corner position to the end point of the corner position, since the cutting speed, frequency, duty cycle, follow-up height and focus of the second curvilinear cutting mode are all kept constant, and the value of the cutting speed u2 of the step is less than u1, the value of the frequency p2 is less than p1, the value of the duty ratio D2 is less than D1, the value of the follow-up height H2 is greater than H1, the value of the focus F2 is greater than F1, so that the laser beam is processed at the corner position at low speed, low frequency, low duty ratio, high follow-up height and larger focus value, the focus position of the laser beam is adapted to the thickness of the plate, therefore, the laser beam is better focused at the corner position of the workpiece, and the problems of airflow disorder and difficult discharge of melt cannot occur in the processing process of the laser beam at the corner position; then controlling the laser beam to cut from the end point of the corner position to the second side of the workpiece by controlling the laser beam in a third curve cutting mode of the control curve, wherein the cutting speed value of the third curve cutting mode is increased from u2 to u1, the frequency value is increased from p2 to p1, the duty ratio value is increased from D2 to D1, the follow-up height value is reduced from H2 to H1, and the focus value is constant to F2, so that the cutting speed, the frequency, the duty ratio and the follow-up height of the laser beam are gradually restored to the values of the first side of the workpiece machined by the laser beam, namely the values of all parameters are gradually restored to the normal values when the first side is cut in the process that the laser beam cuts from the end point of the corner position to the second side of the workpiece; finally, controlling the laser beam to control the laser beam to cut along the second edge of the workpiece by adopting a fourth curve cutting mode of the control curve, wherein the cutting speed, the frequency, the duty ratio, the follow-up height and the focus of the fourth curve cutting mode are kept constant, and the numerical values of the cutting speed, the frequency, the duty ratio, the follow-up height and the focus of the step are restored to the numerical values at the position of a processing corner, so that the parameters of the laser beam are restored to normal values; the method for cutting the corner of the workpiece by the laser beam is adaptive to processing according to different positions of the workpiece processed by the laser beam, so that the problems that airflow is disordered and a melt is not easy to remove at the corner position of the workpiece are solved, and the plate is continuously cut.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing an abnormality occurring at a corner position of a workpiece in a conventional laser cutting method;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of laser cutting a corner of a workpiece according to one embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method of laser cutting a corner of a workpiece according to another embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the processing of a workpiece;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a method of laser cutting a corner of a workpiece for cutting a square sheet metal part;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a control curve for machining a corner of 30 ° according to one embodiment of the method for laser cutting a corner of a workpiece;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a control curve for machining a corner of 60 according to one embodiment of a method for laser cutting a corner of a workpiece;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a control curve for machining a corner of 90 ° according to an embodiment of a method for laser cutting a corner of a workpiece.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the present invention, a method of laser cutting corners of a workpiece and a cutting system will be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. The preferred embodiments of a method and cutting system for laser cutting corners of a workpiece are shown in the accompanying drawings. However, the method of laser cutting a corner of a workpiece and the cutting system may be implemented in many different forms and are not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the method and cutting system for laser cutting corners of a workpiece is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
For example, a method of laser cutting a corner of a workpiece includes: for example, a workpiece is provided; for example, controlling the laser beam to cut from the first edge of the workpiece to the start of the corner position of the workpiece with a first curve cutting mode of a control curve, the cutting speed, the frequency, the duty cycle, the follow-up height, and the focal point of the first curve cutting mode all being constant, wherein the cutting speed has a value of u1, the frequency has a value of p1, the duty cycle has a value of D1, the follow-up height has a value of H1, and the focal point has a value of F1; for example, the laser beam is controlled to cut a predetermined length at a corner position of the workpiece by using a second curve cutting mode of the control curve, so that the laser beam cuts from a starting point of the corner position to an end point of the corner position, and a cutting speed, a frequency, a duty ratio, a follow-up height and a focus of the second curve cutting mode are all kept constant, wherein the cutting speed has a value of u2, the frequency has a value of p2, the duty ratio has a value of D2, the follow-up height has a value of H2, the focus has a value of F2, u1 is greater than u2, p1 is greater than p2, D1 is greater than D2, H1 is less than H2, and F1 is less than F2; for example, controlling the laser beam to cut from the end point of the corner position to the second side of the workpiece with a third curvilinear cut mode of the control profile, wherein a cutting speed of the third curvilinear cut mode increases from u2 to u1, a frequency of the third curvilinear cut mode increases in value from p2 to p1, a duty cycle of the third curvilinear cut mode increases in value from D2 to D1, a follow-up height of the third curvilinear cut mode decreases in value from H2 to H1, and a focal point of the third curvilinear cut mode constantly has a value of F2; for example, controlling the laser beam to cut along the second edge of the workpiece in a fourth curve cutting mode of the control curve, wherein a cutting speed, a frequency, a duty cycle, a follow-up height and a focus are all kept constant, wherein the cutting speed has a value of u1, the frequency has a value of p1, the duty cycle has a value of D1, the follow-up height has a value of H1, and the focus has a value of F1. For example, a method of laser cutting a corner of a workpiece includes: providing a workpiece; controlling a laser beam to cut from a first edge of the workpiece to a starting point of a corner position of the workpiece by using a first curve cutting mode of a control curve, wherein a cutting speed, a frequency, a duty cycle, a follow-up height and a focus of the first curve cutting mode are all kept constant, the cutting speed is u1, the frequency is p1, the duty cycle is D1, the follow-up height is H1, and the focus is F1; controlling the laser beam to cut a preset length at a corner position of the workpiece by adopting a second curve cutting mode of the control curve, so that the laser beam cuts from a starting point of the corner position to an end point of the corner position, wherein the cutting speed, the frequency, the duty ratio, the follow-up height and the focus of the second curve cutting mode are all kept constant, the value of the cutting speed is u2, the value of the frequency is p2, the value of the duty ratio is D2, the value of the follow-up height is H2, the value of the focus is F2, u1 is greater than u2, p1 is greater than p2, D1 is greater than D2, H1 is less than H2, and F1 is less than F2; controlling the laser beam to cut from the end point of the corner position to a second edge of the workpiece with a third curvilinear cut mode of the control curve, wherein a cutting speed of the third curvilinear cut mode increases from u2 to u1, a frequency of the third curvilinear cut mode increases in value from p2 to p1, a duty cycle of the third curvilinear cut mode increases in value from D2 to D1, a follow-up height of the third curvilinear cut mode decreases in value from H2 to H1, and a focal point of the third curvilinear cut mode has a constant value of F2; and controlling the laser beam to cut along the second edge of the workpiece by adopting a fourth curve cutting mode of the control curve, wherein the cutting speed, the frequency, the duty ratio, the follow-up height and the focus of the fourth curve cutting mode are all kept constant, the value of the cutting speed is u1, the value of the frequency is p1, the value of the duty ratio is D1, the value of the follow-up height is H1, and the value of the focus is F1.
As shown in fig. 2, a method for laser cutting a corner of a workpiece according to an embodiment includes:
s101, providing a workpiece.
For example, the workpiece is stainless steel. It is understood that the workpiece is not limited to stainless steel, but in other embodiments, the workpiece may be a common alloy steel or cast iron.
And S103, controlling the laser beam to cut from the first edge of the workpiece to the starting point of the corner position of the workpiece by adopting a first curve cutting mode of a control curve. The cutting speed, frequency, duty cycle, follow-up height, and focus of the first curvilinear cut pattern are all held constant, wherein the cutting speed has a value of u1, the frequency has a value of p1, the duty cycle has a value of D1, the follow-up height has a value of H1, and the focus has a value of F1. In this embodiment, the laser beam is generated by a fiber laser, i.e., a fiber laser beam, and in other embodiments, the laser beam may also be generated by a carbon dioxide laser or other lasers. As shown in fig. 4, the control laser beam controls the laser beam to cut from the first edge of the workpiece to the start point of the corner position of the workpiece, i.e., to process from the position a of the workpiece, which is the cutting start point of the first edge of the workpiece, to the position B of the workpiece, which is the start point of the corner position of the workpiece and is located on the first edge of the workpiece, using the first curve cutting mode of the control curve. For example, the cutting speed of the first curvilinear cutting pattern has a constant value of u 1. For example, the frequency of the first curvilinear cut mode has a constant value of p 1. For example, the duty cycle of the first curvilinear cut mode has a constant value of D1. For example, the value of the follower height of the first curvilinear cutting pattern is constantly H1. For example, the focus is constant at a value of F1.
For workpieces to be cut of different thicknesses, the cutting parameters of the laser beam from the first edge of the workpiece to the starting point of the corner position of the workpiece are different, i.e. the cutting speed, frequency, duty cycle, follow-up height and focus are different. For example, for a workpiece to be cut with a thickness of 20mm, the cutting power is 6KW, and the cutting parameters at the corner position of the laser beam are: the cutting speed u1 is 790 mm/min-810 mm/min, the frequency p1 is 4900 HZ-5100 HZ, the duty ratio D1 is 98% -110%, the follow-up height H1 is 0.4 mm-0.6 mm, and the focus is-7 mm-5 mm. For another example, for a workpiece to be cut with a thickness of 20mm, the cutting power is 6KW, and the cutting parameters of the laser beam from the first edge of the workpiece to the starting point of the corner position of the workpiece are specifically: the cutting speed u1 is 800mm/min, the frequency p1 is 5000HZ, the duty ratio D1 is 100%, the follow-up height H1 is 0.5mm, and the focus is-6 mm.
As shown in fig. 3, for example, before the laser beam is controlled to cut from the first edge of the workpiece to the start of the corner position of the workpiece by the control laser beam using the first curve cutting mode of the control curve, and after a workpiece is provided, the method further comprises the steps of: s102, positioning the workpiece on a processing table, and avoiding the workpiece from moving relative to the processing table so as to ensure the cutting precision of the workpiece. For another example, the step S102 of positioning the workpiece on the processing table specifically includes: the workpiece is positioned on the processing table through the clamp, and the workpiece is prevented from moving relative to the processing table.
In one embodiment, the step S103 of controlling the laser beam to cut from the first edge of the workpiece to the start point of the corner position of the workpiece by using the first curve cutting mode of the control curve is specifically:
and controlling the laser beam to cut from the first edge of the workpiece to the starting point of the corner position of the workpiece by using a first curve cutting mode of the control curve through a controller. For example, the controller is a programmable logic controller, so that a control program in the controller can be adaptively edited, and the controller has better universality.
S105, controlling the laser beam to cut a preset length at a corner position of the workpiece by using a second curve cutting mode of the control curve, so that the laser beam cuts from a starting point of the corner position to an end point of the corner position, wherein the cutting speed, the frequency, the duty ratio, the follow-up height and the focal point of the second curve cutting mode are all kept constant, the cutting speed is u2, the frequency is p2, the duty ratio is D2, the follow-up height is H2, the focal point is F2, u1 is greater than u2, p1 is greater than p2, D1 is greater than D2, H1 is less than H2, F1 is less than F2, so that the laser beam is processed at the corner position with a low cutting speed, a low frequency, a low duty ratio, a high follow-up height and a larger focal point value, the focal position of the laser beam is adapted to the thickness of the sheet material, so that the laser beam is better at the corner position of the workpiece, the corner position is not easy to pass through a cutting process, such as a corner position of a corner point of a corner, a corner position of a corner, a cutting process is not easy to cause a cutting line of a workpiece with a cutting line, and a cutting line is not disturbed, such as a corner position of a corner point of a corner, and a corner point of a corner, and a workpiece is marked as a corner point of a corner.
For example, for a workpiece to be cut with a thickness of 20mm, the cutting power is 6KW, the cutting parameters of the laser beam at the corner position are that the cutting speed u2 is 190 mm/min-210 mm/min, the frequency p2 is 300 HZ-500 HZ, the duty ratio D2 is 40% -60%, the follow-up height H2 is 3 mm-5 mm, the focal point is-5 mm-3 mm, the cutting length L is 8 mm-12 mm, for example, for a workpiece to be cut with a thickness of 20mm, the cutting power is 6KW, the cutting parameters of the laser beam at the corner position are that the cutting speed u2 is 200mm/min, the frequency p2 is 400HZ, the duty ratio D2 is 50%, the follow-up height H2 is 4mm, and the focal point L is 10 mm.
For example, the corner of the corner position is an angle between a straight line and a straight line. In other embodiments, the corner of the corner position may also be an angle between a straight line and a circular arc. As another example, the corner of the corner position may also be an included angle between the circular arc and the circular arc.
In one embodiment, the step S105 of controlling the laser beam to cut a predetermined length at the corner position of the workpiece by using the second curve cutting mode of the control curve includes:
and controlling the laser beam to cut a preset length at the corner position of the workpiece by controlling the laser beam by the controller and adopting a second curve cutting mode of the control curve. For example, the controller is a programmable logic controller, so that a control program in the controller can be adaptively edited, and the controller has better universality. For another example, the numerical control system calls an operation interface of numerical control code programming software through the programmable logic controller to set the cutting speed, the frequency, the duty ratio, the focal point and the follow-up height of the laser beam, the numerical control code programming software is integrated in the numerical control system, and a machining code for machining the corner position of the workpiece can be inserted into an NC code of the numerical control system through the numerical control code programming software. For example, the machining code is M66 code, and the cutting speed, frequency, duty ratio, focus and follow-up height of the laser beam are controlled in the numerical control system through the M66 code. For example, the programmable logic controller is used for respectively and independently controlling and setting the cutting speed, the frequency, the duty ratio, the focus and the follow-up height, so that the parameters of the cutting speed, the frequency, the duty ratio, the focus and the follow-up height can be respectively and randomly set, the setting of the cutting parameters of the laser beam is more random and convenient, and the convenience of cutting the workpiece corner by the laser is improved. Of course, in other embodiments, the programmable logic controller controls and sets the cutting speed, the frequency, the duty ratio, the focus and the follow-up height at the same time, so that the control circuit of the numerical control system is simpler and is convenient to install and maintain. It is understood that M66 machining codes can be inserted at the corners of the cutting process of the workpiece, as shown in fig. 5, for example, the workpiece is a square sheet metal part, the number of the machined corners is three, and when the cutting process is performed on the circumferential direction of the sheet metal part, one M66 machining code can be inserted at each corner.
S107, controlling the laser beam to cut from the end point of the corner position to the second edge of the workpiece by adopting a third curve cutting mode of the control curve; wherein the cutting speed of the third curvilinear cutting pattern increases from u2 to u1, the frequency of the third curvilinear cutting pattern increases in value from p2 to p1, the duty cycle of the third curvilinear cutting pattern increases in value from D2 to D1, the follower height of the third curvilinear cutting pattern decreases in value from H2 to H1, and the focal point of the third curvilinear cutting pattern is constant in value at F2. Since the cutting speed of the third curve cutting mode is increased from u2 to u1, the frequency is increased from p2 to p1, the duty ratio is increased from D2 to D1, the follow-up height is decreased from H2 to H1, and the focus is constant at F2, the cutting speed, the frequency, the duty ratio, and the follow-up height of the laser beam are gradually restored to the values of the first side of the workpiece machined by the laser beam, that is, the values of the respective parameters during the cutting of the laser beam from the end point of the corner position to the second side of the workpiece are gradually restored to the normal values during the cutting of the first side. As shown in fig. 4, for example, the laser beam is machined from point C to point E of the workpiece, where point E is the end point of the corner position and point E is located on the second side of the workpiece.
In one embodiment, the step S107 of controlling the laser beam to cut from the end point of the corner position to the second edge of the workpiece by using the third curve cutting mode of the control curve includes:
and controlling the laser beam to cut from the end point of the corner position to the second edge of the workpiece by controlling the laser beam by the controller and adopting a third curve cutting mode of the control curve. For example, the controller is a programmable logic controller, so that a control program in the controller can be adaptively edited, and the controller has better universality.
In one embodiment, the increase in cutting speed of the third curvilinear cutting mode from u2 to u1 is:
the cutting speed of the third curve cutting mode is linearly increased from u2 to u1, so that the increase of the cutting speed of the third curve cutting mode is gentle, the numerical value of the cutting speed of the laser beam is prevented from changing sharply, and the problems that the laser beam is disturbed in air flow and melts are not easy to remove when the laser beam is used for cutting a workpiece can be better avoided.
It is to be understood that the increase in the cutting speed of the third curvilinear cutting pattern from u2 to u1 is not limited to a linear increase, and in other embodiments, the cutting speed of the third curvilinear cutting pattern may also increase non-linearly from u2 to u1, i.e., the increase in the cutting speed of the third curvilinear cutting pattern from u2 to u1 is a curvilinear increase.
In one embodiment, the increase in frequency of the third curve cutting pattern from p2 to p1 is:
the frequency of the third curve cutting mode is linearly increased from p2 to p1, so that the frequency of the third curve cutting mode is gradually increased, the rapid change of the frequency value of the laser beam is avoided, and the problems that the laser beam has airflow disorder and melts are not easy to remove when cutting a workpiece can be better avoided.
It is to be understood that the increase of the frequency of the third curve cutting pattern from p2 to p1 is not limited to a linear increase, and in other embodiments, the frequency of the third curve cutting pattern may also increase from p2 to p1 in a non-linear manner, i.e., the increase of the frequency of the third curve cutting pattern from p2 to p1 is a curve increase.
In one embodiment, increasing the duty cycle of the third curvilinear cutting pattern from D2 to D1 specifically is:
the duty ratio of the third curve cutting mode is linearly increased from D2 to D1, so that the increase of the duty ratio of the third curve cutting mode is gentle, the rapid change of the numerical value of the duty ratio of the laser beam is avoided, and the problems that the laser beam is disturbed in air flow and melts are not easy to remove when the laser beam is used for cutting a workpiece can be better avoided.
It is to be understood that the increase of the duty cycle of the third curve cutting mode from D2 to D1 is not limited to a linear increase, and in other embodiments, the duty cycle of the third curve cutting mode may also increase nonlinearly from D2 to D1, i.e., the process of the nonlinear increase of the frequency of the third curve cutting mode from D2 to D1 is a curve increase.
For example, the value of the follower height of the third curvilinear cutting pattern decreases from H2 to H1 specifically as: the follow-up height of the third curve cutting mode is linearly reduced from H2 to H1, so that the follow-up height of the third curve cutting mode is reduced more smoothly, the change of the follow-up height of the laser beam is adapted to the thickness of a cut workpiece, and the problems that the laser beam is disturbed in air flow and melts are not easy to remove when the laser beam is used for cutting the workpiece are avoided.
It is to be understood that the decrease in the value of the third curvilinear cut pattern follow-up height from H2 to H1 is not limited to a linear decrease, and in other embodiments, the value of the third curvilinear cut pattern follow-up height may also decrease non-linearly from H2 to H1, i.e., the value of the third curvilinear cut pattern follow-up height decreases non-linearly from H2 to H1 in a curvilinear decrease.
S109, controlling the laser beam to cut along the second edge of the workpiece by adopting a fourth curve cutting mode of the control curve; the cutting speed, the frequency, the duty ratio, the follow-up height and the focal point of the fourth curve cutting mode are all kept constant, wherein the value of the cutting speed is u1, the value of the frequency is p1, the value of the duty ratio is D1, the value of the follow-up height is H1, and the value of the focal point is F1. As shown in fig. 4, the laser beam starts from point E and cuts along the second edge of the workpiece to point F, which is the end point of the cutting, and the cutting parameters of the laser beam at this step are consistent with those of the cutting start point of the first edge, i.e. the values of the cutting speed, frequency, duty cycle, follow-up height and focal point have been restored to those at the machining corner position.
For example, a laser beam controls a laser beam to sequentially process A, B, C, E and F points of a workpiece using a control curve, wherein the laser beam cuts from A point to B point using a first curve cutting mode of the control curve, the laser beam cuts from B point to C point using a second curve cutting mode of the control curve, the laser beam cuts from C point to E point using a third curve cutting mode of the control curve, and the laser beam cuts from E point to F point using a fourth curve cutting mode of the control curve. BCE is the corner position of the workpiece. Fig. 6-8 are schematic diagrams of control curves.
In one embodiment, the corresponding control curve is set according to the included angle value of the corner position, so that the control curve is adaptive to the included angle value of the corner position, and workpieces with different included angle values can be processed better. The cutting speed, frequency, duty cycle, follow-up height and focus of the control curve are different for different corner angles of the corner position relative to the size of the cutting position of the workpiece. See fig. 6, 7 and 8 for details; wherein fig. 6 is a schematic view of a being 30 °, cutting speed, frequency, duty cycle, follow-up height and cutting position of the focal point relative to the workpiece, i.e. a schematic view of a control curve of 30 °; FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a 60 ° cutting speed, frequency, duty cycle, follow-up height, and focal point cutting position relative to a workpiece, i.e., a control curve for a 60 °; fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a being 90 °, cutting speed, frequency, duty cycle, follow-up height and cutting position of the focal point relative to the workpiece, i.e. a schematic diagram of a control curve of a being 90 °.
The invention also provides a cutting system. The cutting system cuts the stainless steel according to the method for cutting the corner of the workpiece by the laser according to any embodiment.
The method for cutting the corner of the workpiece by the laser and the cutting system are characterized in that firstly, a workpiece is provided; then controlling the laser beam to control the laser beam to cut from the first edge of the workpiece to the starting point of the corner position of the workpiece by adopting a first curve cutting mode of a control curve, wherein the cutting speed, the frequency, the duty ratio, the follow-up height and the focus of the first curve cutting mode are kept constant, so that the cutting speed, the frequency, the duty ratio, the follow-up height and the focus of the step are kept constant; then controlling the laser beam to cut a preset length at the corner position of the workpiece by controlling the laser beam to adopt a second curve cutting mode of the control curve so that the laser beam cuts from the starting point of the corner position to the end point of the corner position, since the cutting speed, frequency, duty cycle, follow-up height and focus of the second curvilinear cutting mode are all kept constant, and the value of the cutting speed u2 of the step is less than u1, the value of the frequency p2 is less than p1, the value of the duty ratio D2 is less than D1, the value of the follow-up height H2 is greater than H1, the value of the focus F2 is greater than F1, so that the laser beam is processed at the corner position at low speed, low frequency, low duty ratio, high follow-up height and larger focus value, the focus position of the laser beam is adapted to the thickness of the plate, therefore, the laser beam is better focused at the corner position of the workpiece, and the problems of airflow disorder and difficult discharge of melt cannot occur in the processing process of the laser beam at the corner position; then controlling the laser beam to cut from the end point of the corner position to the second side of the workpiece by controlling the laser beam in a third curve cutting mode of the control curve, wherein the cutting speed value of the third curve cutting mode is increased from u2 to u1, the frequency value is increased from p2 to p1, the duty ratio value is increased from D2 to D1, the follow-up height value is reduced from H2 to H1, and the focus value is constant to F2, so that the cutting speed, the frequency, the duty ratio and the follow-up height of the laser beam are gradually restored to the values of the first side of the workpiece machined by the laser beam, namely the values of all parameters are gradually restored to the normal values when the first side is cut in the process that the laser beam cuts from the end point of the corner position to the second side of the workpiece; finally, controlling the laser beam to control the laser beam to cut along the second edge of the workpiece by adopting a fourth curve cutting mode of the control curve, wherein the cutting speed, the frequency, the duty ratio, the follow-up height and the focus of the fourth curve cutting mode are kept constant, and the numerical values of the cutting speed, the frequency, the duty ratio, the follow-up height and the focus of the step are restored to the numerical values at the position of the processing corner; the method for cutting the corner of the workpiece by the laser beam is adaptive to processing according to different positions of the workpiece processed by the laser beam, so that the problems that airflow is disordered and a melt is not easy to remove at the corner position of the workpiece are solved, and the plate is continuously cut.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method of laser cutting a corner of a workpiece, comprising:
providing a workpiece;
controlling a laser beam to cut from a first edge of the workpiece to a start of a corner position of the workpiece using a first curve cutting mode of a control curve, the first curve cutting mode having a cutting speed, a frequency, a duty cycle, a follow-up height, and a focus all held constant, wherein the cutting speed has a value of u1, the frequency has a value of p1, the duty cycle has a value of D1, the follow-up height has a value of H1, and the focus has a value of F1;
controlling the laser beam to cut a preset length at a corner position of the workpiece by adopting a second curve cutting mode of the control curve, so that the laser beam cuts from a starting point of the corner position to an end point of the corner position, wherein the cutting speed, the frequency, the duty ratio, the follow-up height and the focus of the second curve cutting mode are all kept constant, the cutting speed has a value of u2, the frequency has a value of p2, the duty ratio has a value of D2, the follow-up height has a value of H2, the focus has a value of F2, u1 is larger than u2, p1 is larger than p2, D1 is larger than D2, H1 is smaller than H2, and F1 is smaller than F2;
controlling the laser beam to cut from the end point of the corner position to a second edge of the workpiece with a third curvilinear cut mode of the control curve, wherein a cutting speed of the third curvilinear cut mode increases from u2 to u1, a frequency of the third curvilinear cut mode increases in value from p2 to p1, a duty cycle of the third curvilinear cut mode increases in value from D2 to D1, a follow-up height of the third curvilinear cut mode decreases in value from H2 to H1, and a focal point of the third curvilinear cut mode has a constant value of F2; and
controlling the laser beam to cut along a second edge of the workpiece by adopting a fourth curve cutting mode of the control curve, wherein the cutting speed, the frequency, the duty cycle, the follow-up height and the focus of the fourth curve cutting mode are all kept constant, the cutting speed is u1, the frequency is p1, the duty cycle is D1, the follow-up height is H1, and the focus is F1; wherein a transition between the first curvilinear cutting pattern and the second curvilinear cutting pattern of the control curve is discontinuous.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of controlling the laser beam to cut from the first edge of the workpiece to the start of the corner position of the workpiece using the first curve cutting mode of the control curve comprises:
and controlling the laser beam to cut from the first edge of the workpiece to the starting point of the corner position of the workpiece by using a first curve cutting mode of the control curve through a controller.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of controlling the laser beam to cut a predetermined length at the corner position of the workpiece using the second curve cutting mode of the control curve comprises:
and controlling the laser beam to cut a preset length at the corner position of the workpiece by controlling the laser beam by the controller and adopting a second curve cutting mode of the control curve.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of controlling the laser beam to cut from the end point of the corner position to the second edge of the workpiece using the third curve cutting mode of the control curve comprises:
controlling, by the controller, the laser beam to cut from the end point of the corner position to a second edge of the workpiece using a third curve cutting mode of the control curve;
before controlling the laser beam to cut from the first edge of the workpiece to the start of the corner position of the workpiece in a first curve cutting mode of the control curve, and after providing a workpiece, further comprising the steps of: and positioning the workpiece on a processing table.
5. The method of laser cutting the corner of a workpiece according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the controller is a programmable logic controller; and the numerical control system calls an operation interface of numerical control code programming software through the controller to set the cutting speed, the frequency, the duty ratio, the focal point and the follow-up height of the laser beam, wherein the numerical control code is an NC code.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the increase in cutting speed from u2 to u1 for the third curvilinear cutting mode is:
the cutting speed of the third curvilinear cutting pattern increases linearly from u2 to u 1.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein increasing the frequency of the third curvilinear cutting mode from p2 to p1 comprises:
the frequency of the third curvilinear cut mode increases linearly from p2 to p 1.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein increasing the duty cycle of the third curvilinear cutting mode from D2 to D1 comprises:
the duty cycle of the third curvilinear cut pattern increases linearly from D2 to D1.
9. The method for laser cutting the corner of the workpiece according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the corresponding control curve is set according to the magnitude of the included angle value of the corner position.
10. A cutting system, characterized in that the method for laser cutting the corner of the workpiece according to any one of claims 1 to 9 cuts stainless steel.
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| CN109079343A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2018-12-25 | 东莞阿李自动化股份有限公司 | Lug processing method |
| CN111195779B (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2022-04-01 | 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 | Laser cutting method and device |
| TWI705871B (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-10-01 | 鴻超環保能源股份有限公司 | Multi-laser cutting method and system thereof |
| CN110125544A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-08-16 | 广东利元亨智能装备股份有限公司 | Laser welding control method, device, system and electronic equipment |
| CN113118642A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-07-16 | 江苏亚威机床股份有限公司 | Laser cutting corner processing method |
| CN112846533A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 武汉华工激光工程有限责任公司 | Laser cutting method for beryllium-copper alloy material of 5G connector |
| CN114137903B (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-12-06 | 武汉锐科光纤激光技术股份有限公司 | Cutting control method and device for material to be cut, storage medium and electronic device |
| CN114309975B (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2024-04-09 | 泰尔重工股份有限公司 | Laser cutting over-burning prevention technology |
| CN114985929B (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2023-01-17 | 广东金橙子科技有限公司 | Laser motion trajectory processing method and device and laser equipment |
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