CN108114700A - A kind of nanoscale heavy-metal adsorption material and its application - Google Patents
A kind of nanoscale heavy-metal adsorption material and its application Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- PFKRTWCFCOUBHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl(octadecyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[NH+](C)C PFKRTWCFCOUBHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- WPUINVXKIPAAHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[K+] WPUINVXKIPAAHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 abstract description 5
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003321 atomic absorption spectrophotometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/288—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using composite sorbents, e.g. coated, impregnated, multi-layered
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation method and applications of nanoscale heavy-metal adsorption material, the preparation method is：1) into 5 10mol/L KOH, potassium silicate, potassium metaaluminate and trimethylene base pair [octadecyldimethyl ammonium chloride] is added in, 75~90 DEG C, reacts 24 72h；2) filter, obtain sorbing material, pure water to pH=7；3) it is double [octadecyldimethyl ammonium chloride] to add in methanol elution trimethylene base；4) dry to constant weight to get.The nanoscale heavy-metal adsorption material of the present invention, preparation method is simple, easy to operate, the heavy-metal adsorption material obtained is nanometer materials, and microscopic appearance is square or rectangular shape, there is good adsorption capacity to heavy metal, in heavy metal pollution processing, have a wide range of applications.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of adsorption materials, and particularly relates to a nanoscale heavy metal adsorption material and application thereof.
Background
With the development of economy in China, the problem of water pollution is more and more emphasized by people. Heavy metal wastewater is one of industrial wastewater which has serious threats to the environment and human health, and if the wastewater is not treated, the wastewater can seriously damage the heart, the kidney, the liver and the like of a human body. Up to now, the adsorption method is one of the important methods for treating heavy metal wastewater. For the adsorption process, the choice of adsorbent material is central to it. The smaller the size of the adsorbent material, the more active adsorption sites that can be provided per unit mass, the greater the amount of adsorption, and the higher the efficiency of adsorption. Nanotechnology is a new class of material synthesis methods developed in recent years, and when the size of the adsorption material is reduced to the nanometer level, most molecules are exposed on the surface of the material, so that huge active adsorption sites can be provided, and therefore, a huge adsorption amount and a very high adsorption efficiency are obtained macroscopically.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems and the defects in the prior art and provide a nanoscale heavy metal adsorption material and application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a nanoscale heavy metal adsorption material comprises the following steps:
1) pouring 200ml of KOH solution with the concentration of 5-10mol/L into a beaker filled with 500ml of polypropylene material, placing the beaker on a magnetic stirrer, continuously stirring at the rotating speed of 80-100 rpm, and sequentially adding potassium silicate, potassium metaaluminate and propylene-based bis [ octadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride ], wherein the amount of potassium silicate is 2-10 g per 200ml of KOH solution, the amount of potassium metaaluminate is 1-1.5 g per 200ml of KOH solution, the amount of propylene-based bis [ octadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride ] is 0.17-0.3 g per 200ml of KOH solution, and after the addition is finished, continuously stirring until the solution is completely dissolved uniformly to obtain reaction mixed solution;
2) controlling the reaction temperature of the reaction mixed solution to be 75-90 ℃ by using a temperature control device of a magnetic stirrer, and continuously stirring and reacting for 24-72h at the rotating speed of 80-100 rpm;
3) carrying out suction filtration on the mixed solution after the reaction is finished by using an air suction filtration device;
4) repeatedly washing the filtrate obtained in the step 3) by using ultrapure water until the pH value of the filtrate reaches 7;
5) repeatedly washing the filtrate obtained in the step 4) by using methanol, wherein the using amount of the methanol is that 50-100mL of methanol is used for 1g of the nano-scale heavy metal adsorbing material;
6) and (3) transferring the filtrate obtained in the step 5) to a forced air drying oven, and drying at 105 ℃ to obtain the nano heavy metal adsorption material with a square or rectangular microscopic shape.
Further, the aperture of the filter membrane used in the suction filtration in the step 3) is 200 nm.
Further, the above-mentioned repeated washing in step 4) and step 5) is at least 3 times.
Further, the side length of the square in the step 6) is 250-500 nm; the size of the rectangular parallelepiped is (250 to 500nm) × (400 to 500 nm).
Further, the nanoscale heavy metal adsorption material prepared by the preparation method of the nanoscale heavy metal adsorption material is applied to treatment of heavy metal pollution.
Further, the application method of the nano-scale heavy metal adsorption material comprises the specific steps of firstly filling 200ml of Pb with the concentration of 800mg/L2+，Zn2+Or Cu2+Adding 0.2g of nano-scale heavy metal adsorption material into each 200ml of heavy metal solution in a container of the solution, and then placing the container in a water bath shaking table at 35 ℃ for adsorption reaction; and then measuring the concentration of the heavy metal in the solution in the container by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the nano-scale heavy metal adsorption material disclosed by the invention is simple in preparation method and easy to operate, the obtained heavy metal adsorption material is a nano-scale material, the microstructure of the nano-scale material is in a square or cuboid shape, the nano-scale material has good adsorption capacity on heavy metals, tests prove that the prepared adsorption material has good results in terms of adsorption capacity and removal rate, and Pb has good results2+The removal rate of the treatment for 48 hours reaches more than 95 percent, and the treatment for Zn2+、Ni2+Also has better adsorption removal effect.
2. The nano-scale heavy metal adsorption material has good adsorption and removal effects in heavy metal pollution treatment, and can be widely applied.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of a heavy metal adsorbent according to example 1;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the heavy metal adsorbent of example 2;
fig. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the heavy metal adsorbent according to example 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1
A nano-scale heavy metal adsorption material is prepared by the following steps:
1) pouring 200ml of KOH solution with the concentration of 5mol/L into a 500ml polypropylene beaker, and placing the beaker on a magnetic stirrer;
2) while the magnetic stirrer was continuously stirring (80rpm-100rpm), potassium silicate, potassium metaaluminate and propylenebis [ octadecyldimethylammonium chloride ] were added in this order. The amount of potassium silicate was 2g per 200ml of KOH solution, the amount of potassium metaaluminate was 1g per 200ml of KOH solution, and the amount of propylenylbis [ octadecyldimethylammonium chloride ] was 0.17g per 200ml of KOH solution. After the addition is finished, continuously stirring until the potassium silicate, the potassium metaaluminate and the trimethylene bis [ octadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride ] are completely dissolved to obtain a reaction mixed solution;
3) controlling the reaction temperature of the reaction mixed solution at 75 ℃ by using a temperature control device of a magnetic stirrer, and continuously stirring for reaction (80-100 rpm), wherein the reaction time is 24 hours;
4) and after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration on the mixed liquid after the reaction is finished by using an air suction filtration device. The aperture of the filter membrane used for suction filtration is 200 nm;
5) repeatedly washing the filtrate obtained in the step 4) with ultrapure water while performing suction filtration until the pH value of the filtrate reaches 7.
6) After the washing operation is finished, repeatedly washing the filtrate obtained in the step 5) by using methanol while performing suction filtration operation, wherein the using amount of the methanol is that 50ml of methanol is used for 1g of the nano-scale heavy metal adsorbing material.
7) And (3) transferring the filtrate obtained in the step 6) into a forced air drying oven, and drying at 105 ℃ to obtain the cuboid-shaped nano-scale heavy metal adsorption material with the side length of 250-500 nm.
And (5) analyzing the product by a scanning electron microscope. It can be seen from fig. 1 that the material has a well defined micro-crystalline structure.
The microscopic crystal structure of the nano-grade adsorption material is in a cuboid shape, the length, the width and the height of the nano-grade adsorption material are (250nm-500nm) × (250nm-500nm) × (400-500nm), the nano-grade adsorption material is a typical nano-grade adsorption material, and the stacking phenomenon is obvious.
Example 2
A nano-scale heavy metal adsorption material is prepared by the following steps:
1) pouring 200ml of KOH solution with the concentration of 7.5mol/L into a 500ml polypropylene beaker, and placing the beaker on a magnetic stirrer;
2) while the magnetic stirrer was continuously stirring (80rpm-100rpm), potassium silicate, potassium metaaluminate and propylenebis [ octadecyldimethylammonium chloride ] were added in this order. The amount of potassium silicate was 5g per 200ml of KOH solution, the amount of potassium metaaluminate was 1.25g per 200ml of KOH solution, and the amount of propylenylbis [ octadecyldimethylammonium chloride ] was 0.25g per 200ml of KOH solution. After the addition is finished, continuously stirring until the potassium silicate, the potassium metaaluminate and the trimethylene bis [ octadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride ] are completely dissolved to obtain a reaction mixed solution;
3) controlling the reaction temperature of the reaction mixed solution at 80 ℃ by using a temperature control device of a magnetic stirrer, and continuously stirring for reaction (80rpm-100rpm) for 36 hours;
4) and after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration on the mixed liquid after the reaction is finished by using an air suction filtration device. The aperture of the filter membrane used for suction filtration is 200 nm;
5) repeatedly washing the filtrate obtained in the step 4) with ultrapure water while performing suction filtration until the pH value of the filtrate reaches 7.
6) After the washing operation is finished, repeatedly washing the filtrate obtained in the step 5) by using methanol while performing suction filtration operation, wherein the using amount of the methanol is 75mL for 1g of the nano-scale heavy metal adsorbing material.
7) And (3) transferring the filtrate obtained in the step 6) to a forced air drying oven, and drying at 105 ℃ to obtain the nano-scale heavy metal adsorption material with the size of 250-500 nm.
And (5) carrying out scanning electron microscope analysis on the product.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, compared with example 1, the material has a more rigid microstructure, the microstructure of the material is in a cube shape, the side length of the cube is 250nm-500nm, and the obtained nanoscale material is more dispersed and has no stacking phenomenon, and is a typical nanoscale adsorbing material.
Example 3
A nano-scale heavy metal adsorption material is prepared by the following steps:
1) pouring 200ml of KOH solution with the concentration of 10mol/L into a 500ml polypropylene beaker, and placing the beaker on a magnetic stirrer;
2) while the magnetic stirrer was continuously stirring (80rpm-100rpm), potassium silicate, potassium metaaluminate and propylenebis [ octadecyldimethylammonium chloride ] were added in this order. The amount of potassium silicate was 10g per 200ml of KOH solution, the amount of potassium metaaluminate was 1.5g per 200ml of KOH solution, and the amount of propylenylbis [ octadecyldimethylammonium chloride ] was 0.3g per 200ml of KOH solution. After the addition is finished, continuously stirring until the potassium silicate, the potassium metaaluminate and the trimethylene bis [ octadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride ] are completely dissolved to obtain a reaction mixed solution;
3) controlling the reaction temperature of the reaction mixed solution at 90 ℃ by using a temperature control device of a magnetic stirrer, and continuously stirring for reaction (80-100 rpm), wherein the reaction time is 72 h;
4) and after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration on the mixed liquid after the reaction is finished by using an air suction filtration device. The aperture of the filter membrane used for suction filtration is 200 nm;
5) repeatedly washing the filtrate obtained in the step 4) with ultrapure water while performing suction filtration until the pH value of the filtrate reaches 7.
6) After the washing operation is finished, repeatedly washing the filtrate obtained in the step 5) by using methanol while performing suction filtration operation, wherein the using amount of the methanol is 100mL for 1g of the nano-scale heavy metal adsorbing material.
7) And (3) transferring the filtrate obtained in the step 6) to a forced air drying oven, and drying at 105 ℃ to obtain the nano-scale heavy metal adsorption material with the size of 250-500 nm.
And (5) carrying out scanning electron microscope analysis on the product. As can be seen from fig. 3, the material also has a rigid microstructure. Still has a cuboid shape, the micro-morphology is the shape of a cuboid, the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the height is (350nm-500nm) multiplied by (400-500nm), and the nano-scale adsorption material has a stacking phenomenon and is a typical nano-scale adsorption material.
Example 4
An application method of a nano-scale heavy metal adsorption material comprises the following specific steps:
200ml of Pb with the concentration of 800mg/L2+，Ni2+Or Zn2+The heavy metal adsorbing material prepared in the example 1 is added into a conical flask of the solution, and the amount of the nano heavy metal adsorbing material is 0.2g added per 200ml of the heavy metal solution. Placing the conical flask in a water bath shaking table at 35 ℃ for adsorption reaction. The adsorption time is 4-48h, and atomic absorption spectrophotometry is used after the reaction is finishedThe heavy metal concentration of the solution in the conical flask is measured by the meter. The adsorption results are shown in table 1. Wherein,
removal rate ═ CBefore reaction-CAfter the reaction)÷CBefore reaction×100％；
Adsorption capacity (removal rate × V × C)Before reaction) Adding amount (g/L) of adsorbing material.
Table 1 adsorption results of example 1
The results in Table 1 show that the material prepared in example 1 has very good adsorption capacity for heavy metals. In which Pb is2+The adsorption effect is best, the removal rate of 48h treatment reaches 99.975%, and the adsorption quantity is 799.8 mg/g. Zn2+The removal rate of 48h treatment reaches 83.344%, and the adsorption quantity is 666.8 mg/g. Ni2+The removal rate of 48h treatment reaches 85.646%, and the adsorption quantity is 685.168 mg/g.
Example 5
An application method of a nano-scale heavy metal adsorption material comprises the following specific steps:
200ml of Pb with the concentration of 800mg/L2+，Ni2+Or Zn2+The heavy metal adsorbing material prepared in the example 2 is added into a conical flask of the solution, and the amount of the nano heavy metal adsorbing material is 0.2g added per 200ml of the heavy metal solution. Placing the conical flask in a water bath shaking table at 35 ℃ for adsorption reaction. The adsorption time is 4-48h, and the heavy metal concentration of the solution in the conical flask is measured by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer after the reaction is finished. The adsorption results are shown in table 1. Wherein,
removal rate ═ CBefore reaction-CAfter the reaction)÷CBefore reaction×100％；
Adsorption capacity (removal rate × V × C)Before reaction) Adding amount (g/L) of adsorbing material.
Table 2 adsorption results of example 2
The results in Table 2 show that the material prepared in example 2 has very good adsorption capacity for heavy metals. In which Pb is2+The adsorption effect is best, the removal rate of 48h treatment reaches 99.95%, and the adsorption quantity is 799.6 mg/g. Zn2+The removal rate of 48h treatment reaches 91.416%, and the adsorption quantity is 731.328 mg/g. Ni2+The removal rate of 48h treatment reaches 94.704%, and the adsorption quantity is 757.632 mg/g.
Example 6
An application method of a nano-scale heavy metal adsorption material comprises the following specific steps:
200ml of Pb with the concentration of 800mg/L2+，Ni2+Or Zn2+The heavy metal adsorbing material prepared in the example 3 is added into a conical flask of the solution, and the amount of the nano heavy metal adsorbing material is 0.2g added per 200ml of the heavy metal solution. Placing the conical flask in a water bath shaking table at 35 ℃ for adsorption reaction. The adsorption time is 4-48h, and the heavy metal concentration of the solution in the conical flask is measured by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer after the reaction is finished. The adsorption results are shown in table 1. Wherein,
removal rate ═ CBefore reaction-CAfter the reaction)÷CBefore reaction×100％；
Adsorption capacity (removal rate × V × C)Before reaction) Adding amount (g/L) of adsorbing material.
Table 3 adsorption results of example 3
The results in Table 3 show that the material prepared in example 3 has very good adsorption capacity for heavy metals. In which Pb is2+The adsorption effect is best, the removal rate of 48h treatment reaches 99.112%, and the adsorption quantity is 792.896 mg/g. Zn2+The removal rate of 48h treatment reaches 93.746%, and the adsorption quantity is 749.968 mg/g. Ni2+The removal rate of 48h treatment reaches 93.537%, and the adsorption quantity is 748.296 mg/g.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and it is therefore intended that all such equivalent changes and modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art be included herein are deemed to be within the scope and spirit of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The preparation method of the nano-scale heavy metal adsorption material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) pouring 200ml of KOH solution with the concentration of 5-10mol/L into a beaker filled with 500ml of polypropylene material, placing the beaker on a magnetic stirrer, continuously stirring at the rotating speed of 80-100 rpm, and sequentially adding potassium silicate, potassium metaaluminate and propylene-based bis [ octadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride ], wherein the amount of potassium silicate is 2-10 g per 200ml of KOH solution, the amount of potassium metaaluminate is 1-1.5 g per 200ml of KOH solution, the amount of propylene-based bis [ octadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride ] is 0.17-0.3 g per 200ml of KOH solution, and after the addition is finished, continuously stirring until the solution is completely dissolved uniformly to obtain reaction mixed solution;
2) controlling the reaction temperature of the reaction mixed solution to be 75-90 ℃ by using a temperature control device of a magnetic stirrer, and continuously stirring and reacting for 24-72h at the rotating speed of 80-100 rpm;
3) carrying out suction filtration on the mixed solution after the reaction is finished by using an air suction filtration device;
4) repeatedly washing the filtrate obtained in the step 3) by using ultrapure water until the pH value of the filtrate reaches 7;
5) repeatedly washing the filtrate obtained in the step 4) by using methanol, wherein the using amount of the methanol is that 50-100mL of methanol is used for 1g of the nano-scale heavy metal adsorbing material;
6) and (3) transferring the filtrate obtained in the step 5) to a forced air drying oven, and drying at 105 ℃ to obtain the nano heavy metal adsorption material with a square or rectangular microscopic shape.
2. The preparation method of the nanoscale heavy metal adsorption material according to claim 1, wherein the pore size of the filter membrane used in the step 3) is 200 nm.
3. The method for preparing a nanoscale heavy metal adsorption material according to claim 1, wherein the repeated washing in step 4) and step 5) is performed at least 3 times.
4. The preparation method of the nanoscale heavy metal adsorption material according to claim 1, wherein the side length of the square in step 6) is 250-500 nm; the size of the rectangular parallelepiped is (250 to 500nm) × (400 to 500 nm).
5. The application of the nano-scale heavy metal adsorption material is characterized by being applied to treatment of heavy metal pollution.
6. An application method of a nano-scale heavy metal adsorption material is characterized by comprising the steps of firstly adding 0.2g of the nano-scale heavy metal adsorption material into a container filled with 200ml of Pb2+, Zn2+ or Cu2+ solution with the concentration of 800mg/L according to 200ml of heavy metal solution, and then placing the container in a water bath shaking table at 35 ℃ for adsorption reaction; and then measuring the concentration of the heavy metal in the solution in the container by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
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