CN108114598A - Nanoscale conical bore cylindrical hole filter membrane - Google Patents
Nanoscale conical bore cylindrical hole filter membrane Download PDFInfo
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- CN108114598A CN108114598A CN201711499711.8A CN201711499711A CN108114598A CN 108114598 A CN108114598 A CN 108114598A CN 201711499711 A CN201711499711 A CN 201711499711A CN 108114598 A CN108114598 A CN 108114598A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of nanoscale conical bore cylindrical hole filter membranes, there are two the conical bores (2) and cylindrical hole (3) communicated for manufacture respectively on a solid material (1) i.e. filter membrane thickness direction, wherein cylindrical hole (3) is filter opening, the diameter of cylindrical hole (3) is determined according to filtering requirement, in nanometer scale, the axial length of cylindrical hole (3) is determined according to filter opening intensity requirement, the end diameter of conical bore (2) is required according to filter membrane maximum penetrating power, it is determined by optimization design, the taper value range of conical bore (2) is 1: 1000~1: 100, conical bore (2) is used to reduce the flow resistance of filter membrane and the penetrating power of increase filter membrane.Under the conditions of so, the thickness of filter membrane of the present invention can be relatively large, so as to meet the requirement of mechanical strength of filter membrane.Filter membrane of the present invention reaches preferable performance in filter capacity, penetrating power, mechanical strength, has important application in the superfinishing filtering of water, blood etc..
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to filter membrane field, specifically a kind of nanoscale conical bore cylindrical hole filter membrane.
Background technology
Filtering film, abbreviation filter membrane have important application in industry and daily life, it can be used for filtering out solid
Grain, impurity purify liquid, it can also be used to filter out bacterium, macromolecular substances or the separation for being used to implement two kinds of liquid.It is daily
In life, filter membrane can be used for purifying drinking water, purify various beverages, it can also be used to impurity, the various ions in seawater are filtered out, it is real
Existing seawater cleaning.Existing typical filter ways and means has：
First, activated carbon filters
Activated carbon is a kind of extremely wide industrial adsorbents of purposes, it be by the use of charcoal, various shells and fat coal etc. as
Raw material, raw material is crushed by physics and chemical method, is sieved, activation of catalyst, rinsing, drying and screening etc. it is a series of
Process fabricates.The adsorptivity of activated carbon comes from its unique molecular configuration, and there are many holes in the inside of activated carbon, often
If the internal void drawout of gram activated carbon can reach 500~1700 square metres, it is exactly the internal structure of this uniqueness, makes
Obtaining activated carbon has excellent adsorption capacity.When activated carbon filters, due to the fine content in the adsorbable various liquid of its porosity
Matter, decoloration, deodorization, dechlorination, organics removal and the heavy metal being usually used in water process remove synthetic detergent, bacterium, virus
And the polluters such as radioactivity, it is also commonly used for the tertiary treatment of waste water.
The common application range of activated carbon filtering：(1) for water treatment facilities filtering, sewage disposal, Treated sewage reusing etc..
It is widely used in chemical industry, food, medicine, electronics photovoltaic etc..(2) it is used to require delivery turbidity≤5mg/L that can meet drinking water quality
Industrial water, domestic water and the municipal water supply system of standard.(3) removal of the suspended matter, solids in trade effluent.(4)
It can be used as the pre-processing device in ion-exchange softening, desalting system, the coarse filtration of the industrial water supply not high to water quality requirement
Equipment.(5) swimming pool circulating treating system, cooling cycle water purification system etc. are used in.The advantage and disadvantage of activated carbon filtering：Advantage：
Activated carbon price is relatively inexpensive, and activated carbon filtering cost is relatively low, can meet general industry and the common filtration needs of daily life, resistance to
Pressure, heat-resisting, sexual valence is higher.Shortcoming：The hole of activated carbon is larger, it is difficult to realize fine filtering, it is impossible to filter out micron order and receive
The substance of meter level size, is usually used in coarse filtration.
2nd, micro-pore-film filtration
It is close and numerous on microporous barrier to be evenly distributed with each micropore, the diameter in this hole usually 0.1 micron and 100 microns it
Between.Therefore, microporous barrier can filter out liquid, gas more than 0.1um particle and bacterium, it has, and filtering accuracy is high, transition speed
Degree is fast, absorption comes off less, without medium, acid-alkali-corrosive-resisting, it is easy to operate the advantages that.Be widely used in medicine, chemical industry, electronics,
The required equipment of the industry such as beverage, fruit wine, biochemical water process, environmental protection.
Common microporous membrane filter element has：Polytetrafluoroethylene film (PTFE) filter core gathers inclined film (PVDF) filter core, polypropylene screen
(PP) filter core, cellulose acetate film (CN-CA) filter core, nylon (PN6) filter core, alloy stud, Wire-wound filter core, melt-blown filter, PA/PE
Sintered filter core.These filter core features are：It is small, light-weight, easy to use, filter area is big, plugging rate is low, the rate of filtration
Soon, pollution-free, the dilute stability of heat and chemical stability are good, can filter out most particles, be widely used in refined filtration and degerming work
Skill.
The shortcomings that micro-pore-film filtration：Compared to nano-pore filter membrane, the diameter in filtering hole is still bigger than normal on microporous barrier, although energy
Meet many refined filtration requirements in daily industry and life, but cannot be used for filtering superfine small substance such as blood purification, protein
Middle virus purification, liquid intermediate ion filter out, the super purification of water etc..
3rd, sock filtration
Micron order liquid filter bag is made using high-quality filtrate, can effectively remove the solid for needing to remove in liquid
Matter.When by micron order filter bag, impurities are accurately captured in filter bag deep layer liquid, complete filter process.Filter material
Matter：Different according to institute's filtering solution, PE felts or PP felts may be selected in filter material, and the filtrates such as nylon monofilament, polyester monofilament also can be selected, from
And it is widely used in height different temperatures, soda acid varying environment.
Similar with micro-pore-film filtration, the shortcomings that sock filtration, is：The diameter in filtering hole is still bigger than normal on filter bag, although can be full
Many refined filtration requirements in the daily industry of foot and life, but cannot be used for filtering in superfine small substance such as blood purification, protein
Virus purification, liquid intermediate ion filter out, the super purification of water etc..
4th, nano-pore membrane filtration
In order to filter pole subtitle substance, isolated viral, separation larger molecular organics etc., nano-pore filter membrane mistake must be just used
Filter.Compared to miillpore filter, the hole on nano-pore filter membrane is much smaller, and diameter is in nanometer scale, often less than by filter impurity
Molecular dimension, therefore be usually used in hyperfine filtering, impurity, bacterium, virus, organic macromolecule etc. can thoroughly be filtered out.Nanometer
Kong Changwei cylindrical holes, conical bore on the filter membrane of hole.To improve this filter membrane permeability, also have using two layers of filter membrane, upper strata is to receive
Metre hole filter membrane, lower floor are miillpore filter.Also someone develops very thin monolayer nano-pore graphene filter membrane, this filter membrane
Permeability is preferable.
Although the filter capacity of nano-pore filter membrane is strong, since filter opening is minimum, this permeability of the membrane is poor, its filtering
Efficiency is than relatively low, and this film is very thin, and the mechanical strength of film also often faces the challenge, not high pressure resistant, high temperature.Filter capacity is oozed
Permeability and mechanical strength are difficult to realize well simultaneously on nano-pore filter membrane；One of which performance is met, must be reduced
Remaining performance.
The content of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of nanoscale conical bore cylindrical hole filter membranes, solve nano-pore filter membrane in the prior art
Filter capacity, permeability and mechanical strength are difficult to the technical barrier well realized simultaneously.
The present invention technical solution be：
A kind of nanoscale conical bore cylindrical hole filter membrane, such as Fig. 1 make respectively on the thickness direction of one layer of solid material (1)
The conical bore (2) and cylindrical hole (3), this some holes communicated there are two making to be evenly distributed on solid material (1) surface；The solid
Material (1) is filter membrane.Cylindrical hole (3) be filter opening, the diameter 2R of cylindrical hole (3)0It is determined according to filtering requirement, in nanometer amount
Grade, the axial length of cylindrical hole (3) is l0, l0Value it is the smaller the better because can so effectively reduce filter opening flowing resistance
Power, so as to effectively increase the penetrating power of filter membrane, l0Value determined according to the intensity requirement of filter opening.The filter opening of filter membrane of the present invention
It is superfine aperture, pole subtitle substance can be filtered out, meets super refined filtration requirement.
The small end radius of conical bore (2) is R1, R here1≥R0；Conical bore (2) is drag reduction hole, is for reducing in filter membrane
Flow resistance and increase filter membrane penetrating power, the small end radius R in the hole1It is required, passed through according to the maximum penetrating power of filter membrane
Optimization design is calculated by following formula and determined：
As the R of calculating1Less than R0When, just take R1=R0；Here, λ0=l0/ l, l be solid material (1) the i.e. thickness of filter membrane, l=
l0+l1, l0For the axial length of cylindrical hole (3), l1For the axial length of conical bore (2),RcrTo make to flow through filter opening
I.e. the liquid of cylindrical hole (3) becomes the critical radius in the hole of continuous media,ρ is environment temperature and pressure
The body phase density of the liquid for the filter hole that flows down,To flow through the liquid of filter opening in filter opening i.e. cylindrical hole (3) radial direction
Averag density, this averag density withIt is related,η is that environment temperature and pressure flow down the liquid of filter hole
Bulk viscosity,To flow through the liquid of filter opening in the equivalent viscosity of filter opening i.e. cylindrical hole (3) radial direction, this is equivalent
Viscosity withIt is related,Discontinuous Jie that the liquid of filter opening is presented in filter opening i.e. cylindrical hole (3) radial direction is flowed through for description
The parameter of mass effect, also withIt is related.
The taper value range of conical bore (2) is 1: 1000~1: 100, and the axial length of conical bore (2) is l1, l1Value
It is determined according to the requirement of mechanical strength of filter membrane.L be solid material (1) filter membrane i.e. of the present invention thickness, l=l0+l1.Due to drag reduction
Hole is conical bore (2) (rather than cylindrical hole), and under the conditions of filter membrane penetrating power is ensured, this drag reduction hole makes the mechanical strength of filter membrane
It is further enhanced, and is easily manufactured drag reduction hole.Therefore, under conditions of filter capacity and penetrating power is ensured,
The mechanical strength and anufacturability of filter membrane of the present invention have further improvement.Filter membrane of the present invention has more important engineer application valency
Value.This solid material (1) is the signified nanoscale conical bore cylindrical hole filter membrane of the present invention.
Further, filter membrane uses plane or curved surface filter membrane.
Further, the thickness of filter membrane is identical everywhere or differs.
Further, filter membrane is fabricated by silicon nitride or graphene.
This kind of nanoscale conical bore cylindrical hole filter membrane manufactures filter membrane with one layer of solid material, and filter membrane can be plane filter membrane,
It can also be curved surface filter membrane.Filter membrane thickness can be equal everywhere or variation.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
First, filter membrane of the present invention can not only realize that superfinishing filters, also with excellent penetrating power；Since drag reduction hole is Small Taper circle
Taper hole (2), it has preferable mechanical strength and drag reduction hole anufacturability again.
2nd, filter membrane of the present invention is manufactured with traditional nano-pore filter membrane manufacturing technology, of low cost, but with superior filter membrane
Can, there is significant application value in the superfinishing filtering of water, blood etc..
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of nanoscale conical bore cylindrical hole filter membrane of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 be when filter membrane of the present invention manufactures with graphene, ultra-clean filtering is carried out to water when embodiment in drag reduction hole i.e. circular cone
Hole (2) small end radius R1With filter opening radius, that is, cylindrical hole (3) radius R0Optimum ratio (R1/Ro)optWith λ0(=l0/ l) relation
Figure；
Fig. 3 be when filter membrane of the present invention manufactures with silicon nitride, ultra-clean filtering is carried out to water when embodiment in drag reduction hole i.e. circular cone
Hole (2) small end radius R1With filter opening radius, that is, cylindrical hole (3) radius R0Optimum ratio (R1/Ro)optWith λ0(=l0/ l) relation
Figure.
In Fig. 1：1- solid materials, 2- conical bores, 3- cylindrical holes
Wherein, l0For the axial length of cylindrical hole (3), l1For the axial length of conical bore (2), l for solid material (1) i.e.
The thickness of filter membrane.
Specific embodiment
The preferred embodiment that the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment
The nanoscale conical bore cylindrical hole filter membrane of embodiment, such as Fig. 1 divide on the thickness direction of one layer of solid material (1)
It Zhi Zao there are two the conical bores (2) that communicate and cylindrical hole (3), this some holes to be evenly distributed on solid material (1) surface；It should
Solid material (1) is filter membrane.Cylindrical hole (3) be filter opening, the diameter 2R of cylindrical hole (3)0It is determined according to filtering requirement, in receiving
Rice magnitude, the axial length of cylindrical hole (3) is l0, l0Value it is the smaller the better because can so effectively reduce the flowing of filter opening
Resistance, so as to effectively increase the penetrating power of filter membrane, l0Value determined according to the intensity requirement of filter opening.The filter of filter membrane of the present invention
Hole is superfine aperture, can filter out pole subtitle substance, meets super refined filtration requirement.The small end radius of conical bore (2) is R1, here
R1≥R0；Conical bore (2) is drag reduction hole, be for reducing in filter membrane flow resistance and increase filter membrane penetrating power, the hole it is small
Hold radius R1It is required according to the maximum penetrating power of filter membrane, is calculated and determined by following formula by optimization design：
As the R of calculating1Less than R0When, just take R1=R0；Here, λ0=l0/ l, l be solid material (1) the i.e. thickness of filter membrane, l=
l0+l1, l0For the axial length of cylindrical hole (3), l1For the axial length of conical bore (2),RcrTo make to flow through filter opening
I.e. the liquid of cylindrical hole (3) becomes the critical radius in the hole of continuous media,ρ is under environment temperature and pressure
The body phase density of the liquid of filter opening is flowed through,To flow through the liquid of filter opening in the flat of filter opening i.e. cylindrical hole (3) radial direction
Equal density, this averag density withIt is related,η is that environment temperature and pressure flow down the liquid of filter hole
Bulk viscosity,To flow through equivalent viscosity of the liquid in filter opening i.e. cylindrical hole (3) radial direction of filter opening, this is equivalent viscous
Degree withIt is related,The Discontinuous transmission that the liquid of filter opening is presented in filter opening i.e. cylindrical hole (3) radial direction is flowed through for description
The parameter of effect, also withIt is related.The taper value range of conical bore (2) is 1: 1000~1: 100, the axial direction of conical bore (2)
Length is ll, l1Value determined according to the requirement of mechanical strength of filter membrane.L be solid material (1) filter membrane i.e. of the present invention thickness, l
=l0+l1.Since drag reduction hole is conical bore (2) (rather than cylindrical hole), under the conditions of filter membrane penetrating power is ensured, this drag reduction hole
The mechanical strength of filter membrane is made to be further enhanced, and is easily manufactured drag reduction hole.Therefore, ensureing filter capacity and oozing
Under conditions of saturating ability, the mechanical strength and anufacturability of filter membrane of the present invention have further improvement.Filter membrane of the present invention has
More important engineering application value.This solid material (1) is the signified nanoscale conical bore cylindrical hole filter membrane of the present invention.
In one preferred embodiment, filter membrane is plane filter membrane, and filter membrane is fabricated by silicon nitride, and drainage is crossed for superfinishing,
Bacterium, dust in elimination water, pole fine impurity.Select filter opening radius i.e. cylindrical hole (3) radius R0=20nm, filter opening, that is, cylindrical hole
(3) axial length l0=400nm takes conical bore (2) small end radius R1=87nm, conical bore (2) taper are 1: 1000, conical bore
(2) axial length l1=99.6 μm, the thickness of whole film is l=0.1mm.
In one preferred embodiment, filter membrane is plane filter membrane, and filter membrane is fabricated by silicon nitride, for purifying human body blood
Liquid filters off virus in blood, macromolecular foreign matter.Select filter opening radius i.e. cylindrical hole (3) radius R0=7nm, filter opening, that is, cylindrical hole (3)
Axial length l0=140nm takes conical bore (2) small end radius R1=30nm, conical bore (2) taper are 1: 1000, conical bore (2)
Axial length l1=99.86 μm, the thickness of whole film is l=0.1mm.
In one preferred embodiment, filter membrane is plane filter membrane, and filter membrane is fabricated by graphene, and drainage is crossed for superfinishing,
Bacterium, dust in elimination water, pole fine impurity.Select filter opening radius i.e. cylindrical hole (3) radius R0=20nm, filter opening, that is, cylindrical hole
(3) axial length l0=200nm takes conical bore (2) small end radius R1=87nm, conical bore (2) taper are 1: 100, conical bore
(2) axial length l1=9.8 μm, the thickness of whole film is l=0.01mm.
In one preferred embodiment, filter membrane is plane filter membrane, and filter membrane is fabricated by graphene, for purifying human body blood
Liquid filters off virus in blood, macromolecular foreign matter.Select filter opening radius i.e. cylindrical hole (3) radius R0=7nm, filter opening, that is, cylindrical hole (3)
Axial length l0=70nm takes conical bore (2) small end radius R1=30nm, conical bore (2) taper are 1: 100, conical bore (2) axis
To length l1=9.93 μm, the thickness of whole film is l=0.01mm.
The principle of this kind of nanoscale conical bore cylindrical hole filter membrane is described as follows：
Filter membrane of the present invention is to be cleaned liquid for filtering out pole subtitle substance such as dust, bacterium, virus etc., and allowing and smoothly lead to
Filter hole flows out, and achievees the purpose that super refined filtration.To realize this purpose, filter opening diameter, that is, cylindrical hole (3) of filter membrane of the present invention
Diameter 2R0The diameter for being filtered impurity must be less than.The viral diameters of known minimum are 17nm in the world, minimum bacterium diameter
It is 50 nanometers.In order to filter out these bacteriums and virus, filter opening diameter, that is, cylindrical hole (3) diameter 2R of filter membrane of the present invention0It must be small
In 17nm or 50nm.Therefore, it is realization superfinishing filtering function, filter opening diameter, that is, cylindrical hole (3) diameter 2R of filter membrane of the present invention0Place
Horizontal in 1nm magnitudes or 10nm magnitudes, filter membrane filter opening of the present invention belongs to superfine small filter opening.
Consider the requirement of mechanical strength proposed in filter process to filter membrane, it is of the invention as made of silicon nitride with conventional material
The thickness l of filter membrane need to usually reach 0.1mm.If the whole thickness l of filter membrane of the present invention, filter opening are penetrated using single filter opening
Axial length seems very big, and the draw ratio of filter opening greatly (reaches 104).It is difficult to flow through this not only thin but also length filter to be cleaned liquid to be
Hole, the penetrating power of such filter membrane just becomes very poor.
In fact, in the present invention filter opening, that is, cylindrical hole (3) axial length l0The thickness l of filter membrane need not be reached, only needed
Consider the intensity requirement of filter opening, that is, cylindrical hole (3), reserve necessary filter opening i.e. cylindrical hole (3) axial length l0.In this way, just
It can achieve the purpose that superfinishing filters.On the other hand, in order to reduce the resistance for being cleaned liquid flow filter membrane, the infiltration of filter membrane is increased
Ability, in remaining filter membrane thickness (l-l0) on, end diameter need to be opened up as 2R1, taper value range be 1: 1000~1: 100
Bigger conical bore (2) (R1＞ R0), this conical bore (2) is known as drag reduction hole.In the present invention, drag reduction hole, that is, conical bore (2) with
Filter opening, that is, cylindrical hole (3) has preferable concentricity.In this way, the end diameter 2R of drag reduction hole, that is, conical bore (2)1If too small,
It is bad, it is impossible to achieve the purpose that effectively to lower the resistance for being cleaned liquid flow filter membrane, increase filter membrane penetrating power.And drag reduction hole
That is the end diameter 2R of conical bore (2)1It is excessive, it is also bad；Although the end diameter 2R of drag reduction hole, that is, conical bore (2)1Increase meeting
Reduce the resistance for being cleaned single hole on liquid flow filter membrane, still, for a given filter membrane, its surface area is given
, the end diameter 2R of drag reduction hole, that is, conical bore (2)1Increase can make the sum reduction of filter opening on filter membrane, so make filter instead
The penetrating power of film is deteriorated, and reduces the flow for being cleaned liquid flow filter membrane.Therefore, drag reduction hole how is chosen i.e. in the present invention
The end diameter 2R of conical bore (2)1It is crucial.
Based on fluid flow theory in nanochannel, the present invention obtains making filter membrane penetrating power to reach maximum optimal subtracting
Hinder the small end radius R of hole, that is, conical bore (2)1With filter opening radius, that is, cylindrical hole (3) radius R0Relationship below need to be met：
As the R of calculating1Less than R0When, just take R1=R0；Here, λ0=l0/ l, l be filter membrane thickness, l=l0+l1, l0For cylinder
The axial length in hole (3), l1For the axial length of conical bore (2),RcrTo make to flow through filter opening i.e. cylindrical hole (3)
Liquid becomes the critical radius in the hole of continuous media,ρ is that environment temperature and pressure flow down the liquid of filter hole
The body phase density of body,To flow through averag density of the liquid in filter opening i.e. cylindrical hole (3) radial direction of filter opening, this is flat
Equal density withIt is related,η be environment temperature and pressure flow down filter hole liquid bulk viscosity,To flow through equivalent viscosity of the liquid in filter opening i.e. cylindrical hole (3) radial direction of filter opening, this equivalent viscosity withHave
It closes,The ginseng for the Discontinuous transmission effect that the liquid of filter opening is presented in filter opening i.e. cylindrical hole (3) radial direction is flowed through for description
Number, also withIt is related.
Due to conical bore (2) small end radius R1Than cylindrical hole (3) radius R0Much greater, drag reduction hole is using small in the present invention
End radius is R1(and non-radius is R with conical bore that taper value range is 1: 1000~1: 1001Cylindrical hole) can be greatly
Reduce flow resistance of the fluid in filter membrane, significantly increase the flow of fluid and the penetrating power of filter membrane in filter membrane.The opposing party
Face, drag reduction hole use taper value range that can ensure filter membrane penetrating power condition for 1: 1000~1: 100 conical bore (2)
Under the mechanical strength of filter membrane is made to be further enhanced, and be easily manufactured drag reduction hole.
It is the principle of the present invention above.The filter membrane of the present invention designed according to the principle not only has superfinishing filter capacity,
It is also equipped with excellent penetrating power, preferable mechanical strength and good drag reduction hole anufacturability.
When filter membrane of the present invention manufactures with graphene, ultra-clean filtering is carried out to water when, Fig. 2 gives in embodiment drag reduction hole i.e.
Conical bore (2) small end radius R1With filter opening radius, that is, cylindrical hole (3) radius R0Optimum ratio (R1/Ro)optWith λ0(=l0/ l)
Relation." equation prediction " refers to formula (1) result of calculation in figure, and " numerical solution " exponential quantity calculates
As a result.In figure,RcrTo make to flow through critical radius of the water of filter opening as the hole of continuous media.As it is clear from fig. 2 that formula
(1) computational accuracy is satisfactory.
Fig. 2 shows with λ0Increase, (R1/R0)optValue be reduced rapidly；For given λ0Value, withIncrease,
(R1/R0)optValue increase.
When filter membrane of the present invention is manufactured with silicon nitride, when carrying out ultra-clean filtering to water, Fig. 3 gives in embodiment drag reduction hole i.e.
Conical bore (2) small end radius R1With filter opening radius, that is, cylindrical hole (3) radius R0Optimum ratio (R1/Ro)optWith λ0(=l0/ l)
Relation." equation prediction " refers to formula (1) result of calculation in figure, and " numerical solution " exponential quantity calculates
As a result.In figure,RcrTo make to flow through critical radius of the water of filter opening as the hole of continuous media.
Fig. 3 show whenDuring down to 0.15, for all λ0Value, the result of calculation of formula (1) have certain error.But
WhenDuring more than 0.3, the result of calculation of formula (1) or satisfactory.Bigger, then the calculation error of formula (1) is lower.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of nanoscale conical bore cylindrical hole filter membrane, it is characterised in that：On the thickness direction of one layer of solid material (1) respectively
The conical bore (2) and cylindrical hole (3), this some holes that there are two manufactures communicates to be evenly distributed on solid material (1) surface, cylinder
Hole (3) be filter opening, the diameter 2R of cylindrical hole (3)0It is determined according to filtering requirement, in nanometer scale, the axial direction of cylindrical hole (3) is long
It spends for l0, l0Value it is the smaller the better because can so effectively reduce the flow resistance of filter opening, so as to effectively increasing filter membrane
Penetrating power, l0Value determined according to the intensity requirement of filter opening；The small end radius of conical bore (2) is R1, R here1≥R0；Circle
The taper value range of taper hole (2) is 1: 1000~1: 100；The axial length of conical bore (2) is l1, l1Value according to filter membrane
Requirement of mechanical strength determines；L be filter membrane thickness, l=l0+l1；This solid material (1) is filter membrane.
2. a kind of nanoscale conical bore cylindrical hole filter membrane as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Cylindrical hole (3) need to be with circle
With one heart, cylindrical hole (3) and the concentricity tolerance of conical bore (2) are not more than cylindrical hole (3) radius R to taper hole (2)01/10th.
3. a kind of nanoscale conical bore cylindrical hole filter membrane as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Conical bore (2) is to be used for
Reduce flow resistance in filter membrane and increase filter membrane penetrating power, the small end radius R in the hole1According to the maximum penetrating power of filter membrane
It is determined it is required that being calculated by optimization design by following formula：
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As the R of calculating1Less than R0When, just take R1=R0；Here, λ0=l0/ l, l be solid material (1) the i.e. thickness of filter membrane, l=l0
+l1, l0For the axial length of cylindrical hole (3), l1For the axial length of conical bore (2),RcrTo make to flow through filter opening i.e.
The liquid of cylindrical hole (3) becomes the critical radius in the hole of continuous media,ρ flows down for environment temperature and pressure
The body phase density of the liquid of filter hole,To flow through the liquid of filter opening in the average close of filter opening i.e. cylindrical hole (3) radial direction
Degree, this averag density withIt is related,η be environment temperature and pressure flow down filter hole liquid body phase
Viscosity,To flow through equivalent viscosity of the liquid in filter opening i.e. cylindrical hole (3) radial direction of filter opening, this equivalent viscosity withIt is related,The Discontinuous transmission effect that the liquid of filter opening is presented in filter opening i.e. cylindrical hole (3) radial direction is flowed through for description
Parameter, also withIt is related.
4. such as a kind of nanoscale conical bore cylindrical hole filter membrane of claim 1-3 any one of them, it is characterised in that：Filter membrane is flat
Face or curved surface filter membrane.
5. such as a kind of nanoscale conical bore cylindrical hole filter membrane of claim 1-3 any one of them, it is characterised in that：The thickness of filter membrane
Degree is identical everywhere or differs.
6. such as a kind of nanoscale conical bore cylindrical hole filter membrane of claim 1-3 any one of them, it is characterised in that：Filter membrane is by nitrogen
SiClx or graphene are fabricated.
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