CN108110908B - Asymmetric coil magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an asymmetric coil magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission system and a method in the field of magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission, and mainly solves the problems that the magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission technology is applied to an environment with higher requirement on coil size and the transmission power is lower when a frequency splitting phenomenon occurs. The invention accurately obtains the conditions required to be met by the system in the over-coupling state to obtain higher output power, thereby enabling the magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission system to work in the state of higher output power.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission, relates to an asymmetric coil magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission method, and particularly relates to a method for improving output power in an over-coupling state by changing the working frequency of a magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission system.
Background
After the theory of wireless power transmission has been proposed by tesla, many scientists in various countries have made extensive studies on wireless power transmission technology, but have not achieved ideal results. Until 2007 MIT scientists proposed a magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission theory, and lighted a 60W bulb at a distance of about 2m, with an efficiency of 40%. The technology has the advantages of high efficiency, large transmission power, small electromagnetic radiation and the like, and gets rid of the constraint of power lines, so that the technology can be applied to the fields of military affairs, aerospace, mine exploitation, medical implantation, household appliances, wireless sensor networks, electric vehicles and the like, and brings great convenience to the life and work of people. Therefore, the wireless power transmission theory and the application technology are widely concerned and become a research hotspot.
At present, the realization of wireless power transmission at home and abroad has three modes:
1. electromagnetic induction type: the main theoretical basis is the law of electromagnetic induction. The technology uses the principle of a separable transformer to achieve wireless transmission of electric energy. The two sides of the conventional transformer are separated, and when current flows in the coil on one side, the other coil can perform inductive coupling of electric energy through an air gap or other mediums.
2. Electromagnetic radiation: the transmission of electric energy is directly performed by using electromagnetic waves like radio frequency signals, and the technology can be divided into a microwave electric energy transmission technology and a laser electric energy transmission technology according to different media. The electromagnetic radiation type wireless power transmission technology mainly adopts microwave bands to transmit power. The defect that the efficiency and the transmission directivity are difficult to adjust exists, a complex positioning system is needed to ensure the positioning accuracy of transmitting and receiving, if obstacles appear in the transmission process, the transmission efficiency of the system can be obviously reduced, and radiation can cause adverse effects on human bodies and other organisms.
3. Magnetic coupling resonance formula: the principle is that energy is transmitted by utilizing non-radiative near-field coupling of a magnetic field, the damage to a human body is reduced to a great extent, and the distance of wireless power transmission is prolonged.
The frequency splitting is a phenomenon commonly existing in magnetic coupling resonance and inductive wireless power transmission, and particularly during short-distance energy transmission, the frequency splitting seriously affects the transmission power of a system. According to the coupling coefficient and the working mode of the system, the working area of the wireless power transmission system can be divided into three types: strong coupling, critical coupling, weak coupling region.
Research shows that when a wireless power transmission system is in a strong coupling area, the transmission power of the system obtains maximum values at two sides of a resonant frequency, namely frequency splitting occurs, the coupling coefficient is reduced along with the increase of the transmission distance, the frequency splitting phenomenon disappears gradually, when the coupling coefficient reaches critical coupling, the transmission power of the system obtains the maximum value at the resonant frequency, when the coupling coefficient is further reduced to reach a weak coupling area, the transmission power of the system is sharply reduced along with the reduction of the coupling coefficient, but the optimal transmission state of the system is always at the resonant frequency, namely the frequency splitting occurs only in the strong coupling area.
Therefore, the transmission power of the wireless power transmission system is not always at a maximum value at the resonance frequency, but has a maximum transmission power and an optimal transmission distance at a critical coupling state.
In summary, the optimal working state of the magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission system is that the system is always in a critical coupling state, so that the system can obtain the maximum transmission power and the optimal transmission distance at the resonance frequency. However, the transmission distance corresponding to the critical coupling state is determined, so that the system cannot be always in the critical coupling state, the transmission distance has a very obvious adjusting effect on the coupling coefficient, frequency splitting is caused as the transmission distance is reduced, and finally, the transmission power of the system is sharply reduced, which seriously hinders the popularization and application of the wireless power transmission system.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: the invention aims to provide an asymmetric coil magnetic coupling resonance type wireless power transmission system and method aiming at the problem that transmission power is reduced due to the fact that a frequency splitting phenomenon occurs in an asymmetric coil magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission system under the condition that the distance is short and considering that the size requirement of a coil is extremely strict in special application scenes such as medical implantation and the like. The system and the method enable the system to deviate from the original resonance point by adjusting the working frequency of the system, are frequency points where the system is in frequency splitting, have larger transmission power, and can be applied to application scenes with stricter requirements on coil size and well meet the requirements of equipment on the transmission power of a wireless power transmission system.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses an asymmetric coil magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission system which comprises a transmitter and a receiver.
The transmitter comprises a high-frequency signal generator, a power amplifier, a source coil, a transmitting coil and a direct-current power supply.
The source coil is connected to a power amplifier.
The power amplifier is a classical C-type power amplifier, one end of the power amplifier is connected to the high-frequency signal generator, the other end of the power amplifier is connected to the source coil, and the power amplifier is powered by a direct-current power supply.
The receiver includes a receive coil and a load coil.
The load coil is directly connected with an alternating current load device or is supplied to a direct current load device or a circuit through a rectifying circuit; the rectification circuit includes half-wave rectification, full-wave rectification, and bridge rectification.
The transmitting coil and the receiving coil form a resonance circuit by utilizing the equivalent resistance, the compensation capacitor and the inductance of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil under high frequency, the transmitting coil and the receiving coil have the same resonance frequency, the transmitting coil and the receiving coil are different in size, and the radius of the transmitting coil is larger than that of the receiving coil.
The distance between the source coil and the transmitting coil and the distance between the receiving coil and the load coil are always kept equal, the source coil and the transmitting coil are the same in size, the load coil and the receiving coil are the same in size, namely the inductance, the high-frequency parasitic capacitance, the compensation capacitance, the equivalent resistance and the no-load quality factor of the coils are different, and the transmitting coil and the receiving coil have the same resonant frequency.
The transmitting coil obtains a high-frequency oscillation signal sent by the power amplifier from the source coil through electromagnetic induction, the high-frequency oscillation signal is sent out in a non-radiation near-field electromagnetic wave mode, the receiving coil receives the high-frequency oscillation signal transmitted by the transmitting coil through magnetic coupling resonance between the coils, and energy is supplied to the load coil through electromagnetic induction.
All the coils are wound by copper wires and are parallel and coaxial, the distance between a source coil and a transmitting coil, the distance between a load coil and a receiving coil are closely connected, and the distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil is adjustable.
In the magnetic coupling resonance wireless electric energy transmission system of the asymmetric coil, no magnetic coupling exists between non-adjacent coils, a source coil and a load coil in the system are both single-turn coils, and a transmitting coil and a receiving coil are multi-turn coils with the same number of turns.
The asymmetric coil magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission system comprises a direct-current power supply, a high-frequency signal generator, a power amplifier, a source coil, a transmitting coil, a receiving coil, a load coil and a load, and the asymmetric coil magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission method comprises the following steps:
step A, magnetically coupling the asymmetric coil to a resonant radioThe energy transmission system is equivalent to a two-coil model; reflecting the source coil to the transmitting coil is equivalent to adding an induced electromotive force in the transmitting coil, and reflecting the load coil to the receiving coil is equivalent to adding a reflecting impedance in the receiving coil. The resistance reflected by the source coil to the transmitting coil and the resistance reflected by the load coil to the receiving coil can be obtained by calculation.
In the formula, Rreflected1Impedance, R, reflected from the source coil to the transmitter coilreflected12Is the impedance, k, reflected from the load coil to the receive coil1Is the coupling coefficient between the source coil and the transmitter coil, k2Is the coupling coefficient between the load coil and the receive coil, L1、L2、L3、L4The inductance values, R, of the source coil, the transmitting coil, the receiving coil and the load coil respectivelyeq1Ohmic losses of the source coil, Req4Ohmic losses of the load coil. The source coil is at the reflective resistance R of the transmitter coilS1＝Zreflected1The reflection resistance R of the load coil at the receiving coilL1＝Zreflected2(ii) a Ohmic loss resistance R of coil under high frequencyoThe calculation formula of (2):
wherein is mu0Vacuum magnetic conductivity, omega is angular frequency, n is number of turns of coil, sigma is electric conductivity, r is radius of coil, l is length, a is diameter of wire, h is width of coil,0is the dielectric constant, c is the speed of light;
according to the formula
And
calculating a critical coupling distance, namely gamma is 1; m is the mutual inductance, μ, of the transmitter coil and the receiver coil0Is a vacuum permeability, mu0＝4π×10-7Henry/m, N2、N3Number of turns of transmitting and receiving coils, r2，r3Is the radius of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil, D is the distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil, and gamma is a coupling factor;
analyzing by matlab software to obtain a relation graph between the normalized output power and the coupling factor gamma and the detuning factor xi, calculating according to the required distance D to obtain mutual inductance M, finally calculating according to the mutual inductance M to obtain the coupling factor gamma, observing the detuning factor xi at the maximum value of the output power at the position of the required coupling factor gamma according to the graph obtained by matlab, and calculating according to the detuning factor xi to obtain the required angular frequency omega;
d: and C, according to the angular frequency omega obtained in the step C, calculating the working frequency f at the position with the maximum output power by using a formula omega-2 pi f, and adjusting the working frequency of the system to the position f.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method provided by the invention can ensure that the transmission power of the asymmetric coil magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission system always obtains the maximum value and the transmission distance reaches the optimum value when the frequency is split.
2. Compared with the prior art, the system adopts an asymmetric coil structure, further solves the problem of wireless power transmission in an application environment with strict requirements on the coil structure, and improves the output power.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system schematic of the asymmetric coil magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transfer of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit model diagram of an asymmetric coil magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of an equivalent two-coil structure of the asymmetric coil magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission system of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a graph of normalized output power for an example of an asymmetric coil magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transfer system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the content and advantages of the technical solution of the present invention clearer, the following describes the asymmetric coil magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission system and method of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be emphasized that the following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention or its application.
The following describes in detail the implementation process of the asymmetric coil magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission system and method of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a system schematic diagram of asymmetric coil magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transfer of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the asymmetric coil magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission system of the present invention includes a dc power supply, a high frequency signal generator, a power amplifier, a source coil, a transmitting coil, and a receiving coil, a load coil, and a load device.
The high-frequency signal generator sends out a high-frequency signal, the high-frequency signal passes through the power amplifier and then transmits the energy signal to the source coil, and the energy transmitting coil of the system obtains a high-frequency oscillation signal sent out by the high-frequency signal generator from the source coil by using electromagnetic induction and then transmits the high-frequency oscillation signal in the form of non-radiative near-field electromagnetic waves. An energy receiving coil of the system receives a high-frequency oscillation signal transmitted by a transmitting coil through magnetic coupling resonance between coils, and supplies energy to a load coil and load equipment through electromagnetic induction, wherein a source coil and the load coil are single-turn coils, and the transmitting coil and the receiving coil are multi-turn coils with the same number of turns but different radiuses. The transmitting coil and the source coil are in the same radius and are tightly connected, and the receiving coil and the load coil are in the same radius and are tightly connected. The distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil is the transmission distance of the system.
All the coils are wound by copper wires and aligned in the coaxial direction, and the maximum value points of the transmission power of the system are gradually combined into 1 from 2 along with the gradual increase of the transmission distance from small to large, namely the change process from strong coupling to critical coupling and then to weak coupling in the working state of the system.
Fig. 2 is an equivalent circuit model diagram of the asymmetric coil magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission system of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the equivalent circuit model of the magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission system of the present invention has four coil loops: source coil loop, transmitting coil loop, receiving coil loop, load coil loop, Le1、Le2、Le3、Le4Inductances, R, of source, transmitter, receiver and load coils, respectivelye1、Re2、Re3、Re4Equivalent resistances at high frequency for the source coil, the transmitting coil, the receiving coil and the load coil, respectively, Ce1、Ce2、Ce3、Ce4Compensation capacitors, R, for the source coil, the transmitter coil, the receiver coil and the load coil, respectivelyS1Is the internal resistance of the amplifier, RL1For a load, US1Is the output voltage of the amplifier.
Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of an equivalent two-coil structure of the asymmetric coil magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission system of the present invention.
The equivalent circuit model analysis steps of the asymmetric coil magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission of the invention are as follows:
1. the equivalent circuit of the system is analyzed to obtain the following equation:
USis the electromotive force reflected by the source coil to the transmitting coil, R1，R2The sum of loss resistance and coil radiation resistance of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil due to skin effect and other factors. L is1、L2The equivalent inductances of the transmitter coil and the receiver coil, respectively, and M is the mutual inductance between the transmitter coil and the receiver coil. The currents of the transmitting and receiving coils are respectively I1、I2The direction is shown in fig. 3.
2. Solving for equation I in step 11、I2For convenience of analysis, let R2+ RL ═ R, R1+RsAnd (c), then,
for the transmit coil generalized detuning factor,
in order to be a quality factor of the transmitting coil,
for the receive coil generalized detuning factor,
is the quality factor, omega, of the transmitting coil0Is the resonant frequency of the circuit. Order to
Xi is1＝βξ2Make xi ═ xi2And then:
the equation in step 1 yields:
can obtain I1、I2Expression (c):
let the coupling factor
Then I1、I2The expression can be written as
3. According to I described in step 21、I2The expression of (2) is used for solving the expression of the input power and the output power of the system as follows:
4. obtaining the normalized output power according to the output power expression in step 3, firstly obtaining the maximum output power, and obtaining the expression PoutMake a partial derivative of xi
Get the sum of xi ═ 0
The power output reaches the maximum when the output power takes an extreme value, xi is 0 and gamma is 1. The maximum output power value is:
the normalization formula of the output power of the asymmetric coil wireless power transmission system can be obtained:
in this embodiment, the working resonant frequency is 6.0MH at fZIn the magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission system, the output impedance and the load resistance of the power amplifier are both 50 ohms, and all coils are formed by winding copper wires with the section radius of 2mm and are aligned in the coaxial direction. The diameters of the source coil and the transmitting coil are 20cm, the diameters of the receiving coil and the load coil are 14cm, the receiving coil and the load coil are connected with a load resistor with the size of 50 ohms, a power meter (for measuring power) and an oscilloscope (for observing waveform) are connected behind the load resistor, and specific coil parameters are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
FIG. 4 shows an asymmetric coil magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission system of the present invention at α ═ (R)L+R2)/(RS+R1) And when the output power is approximately equal to 0.5 and beta is 1.4, the output power graph is normalized.
In the existing wireless power transmission system, the distance between a source coil and a transmitting coil is 0, and the distance between a receiving coil and a load coil is 0, which are all fixed.
The segment is deleted.
The invention provides an asymmetric coil magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission system, which comprises the following components:
determining a proximity distance D of occurrence frequency splitting of wireless energy transmission of the asymmetric coil magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission system, namely the distance between a transmitting coil and a receiving coil;
step B, according to the wireless energy transmission distance D in the step A, utilizing a formula
And
and when gamma is 1, calculating the critical distance D of the system when the frequency splitting occurs; where M is the mutual inductance of the transmitter coil and the receiver coil, μ0Is a vacuum permeability, mu0＝4π×10-7Henry/m, N2、N3Number of turns of transmitting and receiving coils, r2，r3D is the distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil, and gamma is a coupling factor;
c, analyzing by matlab software to obtain a relation graph between the normalized output power and the coupling factor gamma and the detuning factor xi, calculating according to the required distance D to obtain mutual inductance M, finally calculating according to the mutual inductance M to obtain the coupling factor gamma, observing the detuning factor xi at the maximum value of the output power at the position of the required coupling factor gamma according to the graph obtained by matlab, and calculating according to the detuning factor xi to obtain the required angular frequency omega;
step D: and C, calculating the working frequency f at the position with the maximum output power by using a formula omega-2 pi f according to the angular frequency omega obtained in the step C, and adjusting the working frequency of the system to the position f.
Although the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. An asymmetric coil magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission method is realized by adopting an asymmetric coil magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission system, wherein the asymmetric coil magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission system comprises a high-frequency signal generator, a power amplifier, a source coil, a transmitting coil, a receiving coil, a load coil and load equipment, and the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a, the asymmetric coil magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission system is equivalent to a two-coil model; reflecting the source coil to the transmitting coil, namely adding an induced electromotive force in the transmitting coil, and reflecting the load coil to the receiving coil, namely adding a reflecting impedance in the receiving coil; the resistance value reflected by the source coil to the transmitting coil and the resistance value reflected by the load coil to the receiving coil are obtained through calculation;
in the formula, Rreflected1Impedance, R, reflected from the source coil to the transmitter coilreflected12Is the impedance, k, reflected from the load coil to the receive coil1Is the coupling coefficient between the source coil and the transmitter coil, k2Is the coupling coefficient between the load coil and the receive coil, L1、L2、L3、L4The inductance values, R, of the source coil, the transmitting coil, the receiving coil and the load coil respectivelyeq1Ohmic losses of the source coil, Req4Ohmic losses for the load coil; the source coil is at the reflective resistance R of the transmitter coilS1＝Zreflected1The reflection resistance R of the load coil at the receiving coilL1＝Zreflected2(ii) a Ohmic loss resistance R of coil under high frequencyoThe calculation formula of (2):
wherein is mu0Vacuum magnetic conductivity, omega is angular frequency, n is number of turns of coil, sigma is electric conductivity, r is radius of coil, l is length, a is diameter of wire, h is width of coil,0is the dielectric constant, c is the speed of light;
according to the formula
And
calculating a critical coupling distance, namely gamma is 1; m is the mutual inductance, μ, of the transmitter coil and the receiver coil0Is a vacuum permeability, mu0＝4π×10-7Henry/m, N2、N3Number of turns of transmitting and receiving coils, r2，r3Is the radius of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil, D is the distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil, and gamma is a coupling factor;
analyzing by matlab software to obtain a relation graph between the normalized output power and the coupling factor gamma and the detuning factor xi, calculating according to the required distance D to obtain mutual inductance M, finally calculating according to the mutual inductance M to obtain the coupling factor gamma, observing the detuning factor xi at the maximum value of the output power at the position of the required coupling factor gamma according to the graph obtained by matlab, and calculating according to the detuning factor xi to obtain the required angular frequency omega;
d: and C, according to the angular frequency omega obtained in the step C, calculating the working frequency f at the position with the maximum output power by using a formula omega-2 pi f, and adjusting the working frequency of the system to the position f.
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| CN108872753B (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2022-05-17 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Method and device for testing quality factor of transmission coil in high-frequency wireless power transmission system |
| CN108879986B (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2020-06-26 | 重庆大学 | Parameter design method for single-relay wireless power transmission system |
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| CN111342563A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2020-06-26 | 航天科工惯性技术有限公司 | Relay end position determining method of magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission system |
| CN110336386A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-10-15 | 郑州轻工业学院 | A method of magnet coupled resonant type wireless electric energy transmission system efficiency when optimization coil offset |
| CN111342569A (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2020-06-26 | 南京邮电大学 | Resonant wireless power transmission system and calculation method of transmission distance thereof |
| CN113708514A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2021-11-26 | 中国航天科工飞航技术研究院（中国航天海鹰机电技术研究院） | Wireless power transmission device |
| CN111931299B (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2024-04-16 | 西安理工大学 | Optimal design method of planar spiral coil in magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission application |
| CN111829559B (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2022-07-08 | 东南大学 | Method for realizing multi-parameter measurement of PT symmetrical LC passive wireless sensing system |
| CN112034231B (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2022-10-25 | 华北电力大学 | High-frequency current sensor based on frequency-dependent integral resistor |
| CN112104098B (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2023-02-07 | 河南师范大学 | Design method of oscillation offset type wireless power transmission system with broadband voltage-stabilizing output |
| CN112165181A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2021-01-01 | 郑州轻工业大学 | Frequency self-adaptive adjustment wireless electric energy transmission system and method |
| CN113241861B (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2022-11-18 | 薛明 | Multi-load dynamic wireless power supply array type transmitting coil spatial arrangement method |
| CN113300487B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2024-07-30 | 伏达半导体(合肥)股份有限公司 | Foreign matter detection device and method for wireless power transmission system |
| CN113765235B (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2023-07-25 | 华中科技大学 | Wireless electric heating energy composite transmission system and control method and system thereof |
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| CN103414261B (en) * | 2013-09-06 | 2015-06-24 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Variable-coupling coefficient magnetic resonance wireless power transmission system and method |
| CN105305658B (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2018-10-30 | 北京工业职业技术学院 | Wireless power transmission methods, devices and systems |
| CN107482794B (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2020-03-10 | 河南师范大学 | Method for designing variable-diameter coil for wireless power transmission |
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