CN108110357B - Method for recovering valuable metals from waste lithium iron phosphate battery positive electrode materials - Google Patents
Method for recovering valuable metals from waste lithium iron phosphate battery positive electrode materials Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/10—Obtaining alkali metals
- C22B26/12—Obtaining lithium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
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- C22B7/007—Wet processes by acid leaching
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for recovering valuable metals from a waste lithium iron phosphate battery positive electrode material, which comprises the following steps of (1) sufficiently roasting and oxidizing the disassembled and ground lithium iron phosphate battery positive electrode material to enable Fe and L i metal elements in the battery positive electrode material to be roasted and oxidized to generate Fe2O3、FePO4And L i3PO4Soaking the roasted material obtained in the step (1) in dilute acid solution to dissolve L i3PO4 salt in the roasted material, and filtering to obtain L i3PO4With Fe2O3、FePO4Taking the filtrate treated in the step (3), and adjusting the filtrate to be alkaline so that L i3PO4 in the filtrate is directly separated out into precipitate, thereby realizing the solid L i3PO4And (6) recovering. According to the method, the process flow is short, the operation is simple, the price is low, the environment is protected, the high-grade lithium metal in the anode material of the lithium iron phosphate battery can be preferentially recycled, and the method has wide industrial application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of secondary recycling of waste battery resources, in particular to a method for recycling three valuable metals of phosphorus, iron and lithium from a positive electrode material of a waste lithium iron phosphate battery.
Background
Under the dual pressure of energy conservation and emission reduction, new energy automobiles become the development direction of the automobile industry in the future. With the vigorous popularization of governments, the new energy automobile industry enters a rapid development stage from a starting stage. The demand of the power battery as the second most critical part of the new energy automobile is rapidly increased. The iron phosphate carp battery has the advantages of high theoretical capacity, good discharge platform, excellent cycle stability, low price and the like, and is widely applied to new energy automobiles. The reasonable recycling of the waste iron phosphate carp materials can promote the development of the new energy automobile industry and realize the comprehensive utilization of resources.
At present, the existing processes for recovering high-value elements from a series of waste lithium iron phosphate batteries mainly comprise a wet leaching process and a solid-phase high-temperature calcination process for regenerating lithium iron phosphate. The main flow of the wet leaching process is that waste batteries are roasted and crushed to obtain mixed materials, then an alkaline method is adopted to remove aluminum to obtain iron and lithium mixed slag, iron and lithium elements are simultaneously leached out, and then lithium products are obtained through selective precipitation. For example, CN103280610A is dissolved by an alkaline method to obtain an iron-containing lithium-containing solution, iron is removed in the form of ferric phosphate precipitate, and the obtained lithium-containing solution is further used for recovering lithium elements. CN101847763A is dissolved and acidolyzed by using an organic solvent, and then sodium sulfide is added to obtain lithium element. CN102956936A discloses a method for recycling valuable metals based on acid leaching and alkaline leaching, which is characterized in that after a calcined positive electrode material is subjected to acid leaching at a pH value of 0.5-2.0, the pH value of acid leaching filtrate is adjusted back to precipitate aluminum, iron and copper, and the pH value of alkaline leaching filtrate is adjusted back to be used for recycling lithium. Research on high-temperature calcination mainly focuses on regeneration of lithium iron phosphate positive electrode materials, and for example, CN102280673A, CN102583297A, CN102751548A and CN104362408A disclose process parameters for preparing lithium iron phosphate products by high-temperature calcination under oxidizing conditions. Based on the existing recovery process of hydrometallurgy or high-temperature metallurgy, the lithium iron phosphate battery can be recovered and treated, and various products such as lithium iron phosphate positive electrode materials or lithium carbonate can be obtained, but the following defects exist:
1. in the above-mentioned wet leaching process, substances with strong acidity of oxidation, such as hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid, are often used, the process risk is high, volatilization of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid is easily caused, environmental pollution is caused, the requirement on corrosion resistance of reaction equipment is high, and the equipment cost is high. And lithium element is not preferentially leached, so that the consumption of acid leaching liquid or alkaline leaching liquid is extremely high, the recovery process flow is complex, and the lithium carbonate product obtained by recovery is often low in grade and cannot be directly used as a battery material for recovery.
2. The direct preparation of the lithium iron phosphate cathode material by high-temperature calcination usually has a long process flow, requires strict detection and dosage adjustment steps, is difficult to regulate and control in a recovery process, is easy to cause product disqualification and raw material waste, and is very limited in practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide the method which has the advantages of short process flow, simple operation, low price and environmental protection and can preferentially select and recycle the lithium metal in the lithium iron phosphate battery anode waste material in high grade.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for recovering valuable metals from a waste lithium iron phosphate battery positive electrode material comprises the following steps:
(1) roasting, namely fully roasting and oxidizing the disassembled and ground lithium iron phosphate battery positive electrode material to ensure that Fe and L i metal elements in the battery positive electrode material are roasted and oxidized to generate Fe2O3、FePO4And L i3PO4；
(2) Acid leaching, namely soaking the roasted material fully roasted and oxidized in the step (1) in a dilute acid solution to fully dissolve L i3PO4 salt in the roasted material, and filtering to realize L i in the roasted material3PO4With Fe2O3、FePO4Separating;
(3) and (3) alkali precipitation, namely taking the filtrate treated in the step (3), adjusting the filtrate to be alkaline, and directly precipitating L i3PO4 in the filtrate in a precipitation manner, so as to realize solid L i3PO4And (4) recovering.
After the ferric lithium phosphate positive electrode material in the step (1) is subjected to disassembly, crushing and grinding and preliminary impurity removal treatment, the purity of the obtained battery positive electrode material is good, and the battery positive electrode material is fully roasted to oxidize Fe and L i metal elements in the battery positive electrode waste into Fe2O3、FePO4And L i3PO4To obtain Fe with higher purity2O3、FePO4And L i3PO4Mixing the roasted material. And the inventor finds Fe in the mixture obtained by roasting through a plurality of experiments2O3And FePO4All show the physical property of being difficult to dissolve in dilute acid, so that the Fe in the roasted mixture can be effectively realized by controlling the pH value of the acid leaching solution in the dilute acid treatment process in the step (2)2O3、FePO4And L i3PO4The obtained filter cake is filteredNamely, Fe is contained2O3、FePO4The pure mixture can be directly used for synthesizing lithium iron phosphate or used as a raw material of nontoxic antirust paint after being dried. And (3) the filtrate is a lithium phosphate solution with higher purity, and the pH value of the filtrate can be directly subjected to alkaline adjustment treatment in the step (3) to obtain a lithium phosphate precipitate recovery product separated from the filtrate. The method utilizes the solubility characteristic of lithium phosphate, fully dissolves the lithium phosphate in a dilute acid solution, and then adjusts the lithium phosphate to an alkaline precipitation mode, so that the high grade of the finally precipitated lithium phosphate precipitate can be effectively ensured, and the aim of recycling the lithium phosphate with high grade is fulfilled.
Further, the calcination temperature in the step (1) is 200-.
Further, the calcination time in the step (1) is 1 to 5 hours, preferably 1.5 to 4 hours, and more preferably 2 to 3 hours.
Through multiple experiments of the inventor, the lithium iron phosphate in the battery positive electrode material is fully oxidized to generate Fe only by controlling the roasting temperature and the roasting time in the step (1) within the ranges2O3、FePO4And L i3PO4The product and the Fe2O3 obtained after roasting can show the characteristic of insolubility in dilute acid, thereby realizing Fe2O3、FePO4And L i3PO4The effective separation treatment in the step (2) can effectively avoid the phenomenon of insufficient scorching or roasting oxidation of the materials.
Further, in the step (2), diluted acid may be one or more of diluted hydrochloric acid, diluted nitric acid, diluted sulfuric acid and diluted phosphoric acid, and diluted phosphoric acid is preferably used, so that introduction of other chemical components can be further prevented. And the pH of the roasting material mixture liquid adjusted by adding acid is preferably controlled to be 2.0-6.5, and more preferably controlled to be within the range of pH 3.0-5.0.
By preferably controlling the pH value of the acid liquor, the lithium phosphate in the roasted material is ensured to be sufficiently selectively dissolved so as to realize L i3PO4And Fe2O3、FePO4Is effectiveSeparate to realize high-grade L i3PO4Can be fully and effectively recycled. Furthermore, through multiple experiments of the inventor, when the pH value of the roasting material mixed liquor adjusted by adding acid is lower than 2.0, part of FePO exists4Dissolved in acid liquor, resulting in L i being finally precipitated3PO4The middle occluded part of Fe (OH)3Precipitation, reduced recovery of L i3PO4Grade, when the pH value of the roasting material mixed liquor after being adjusted by adding acid is higher than 6.5, L i can be caused3PO4Insufficient dissolution resulted in a significant reduction in the recovery of the final L i element.
Further, in the step (3), the PH of the filtrate is adjusted by using a soluble alkaline substance, wherein the soluble alkaline substance is preferably one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and ammonia water, and the PH of the filtrate is adjusted to be within a range of 7.0-9.0, preferably within a range of 7.5-8.5.
The alkaline substance is selected so as to be soluble and not to react with the PO in the filtrate4 3+The conditions for producing the precipitate by the reaction are preferably one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, barium hydroxide and ammonia water, and the pH value of the filtrate after the alkali is added is preferably regulated and controlled to ensure that L i in the filtrate is ensured3PO4Selective precipitation was carried out to ensure the final recovery of L i3PO4Recovery rate and recovery grade.
Further, the positive electrode material of the lithium iron phosphate battery is obtained by screening the positive electrode material of the lithium iron phosphate battery in a magnetic separation mode in the processes of disassembling and grinding.
In the processes of disassembling and grinding the lithium iron phosphate battery positive electrode material, the impurity removal and selection of the lithium iron phosphate substance in the battery positive electrode material are carried out by means of an environment-friendly and harmless magnetic separation mode, so that the purity of the lithium iron phosphate in the battery positive electrode material to be treated is higher.
Preferably, as a specific embodiment of the method for recovering valuable metals from the cathode material of the waste lithium iron phosphate batteries, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) roasting: weighing 100 parts of the disassembled and ground lithium iron phosphate battery positive electrode waste, placing the waste into a roasting furnace at the temperature of 300-;
(2) acid leaching: adding 200 portions of pure water and 600 portions of pure water, pumping into a stirring reaction kettle, heating to 30-90 ℃, dropwise adding dilute acid to keep the pH value between 2.0 and 6.5, dissolving and reacting for 1-4h, and filtering and washing;
(3) and adjusting the pH value of the filtrate obtained by filtering to 7.0-9.0, and precipitating lithium phosphate in the filtrate to realize the recovery of the lithium phosphate product.
More preferably, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a method for recovering valuable metals from a positive electrode material of a waste lithium iron phosphate battery specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) taking 100 parts of the anode waste after the disassembly and grinding of the waste lithium iron phosphate batteries, directly putting the anode waste into a boat box without any substances, introducing air or oxygen into a roasting furnace at 400-600 ℃, roasting for 2-3h, cooling and taking out the roasted material;
(2) adding 300 portions of pure water and 400 portions of purified water into the roasting material, pumping the mixture into a stirring reaction kettle, heating the mixture to 60-80 ℃, dropwise adding dilute acid, keeping the pH value between 3.0 and 4.0, carrying out dissolution reaction for 2-3h, filtering and washing;
(3) adjusting the pH value of part of the filtrate obtained after filtration to 7.5-8.5, precipitating to obtain lithium phosphate, filtering, washing with clear water, and drying to obtain a lithium phosphate product;
(4) and filtering to obtain a filter cake which is a pure mixture containing iron and phosphorus, and drying to recover iron and phosphorus elements.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the method for recovering valuable metals from the waste lithium iron phosphate battery positive electrode material, the lithium phosphate is subjected to high-grade preferential recovery only by a highly environment-friendly treatment mode of disassembling, crushing and grinding and magnetic separation after the lithium iron phosphate material of the battery positive electrode material is subjected to impurity removal and selection, roasting oxidation, acid leaching and dissolution and alkali adjustment separation, and the aluminum is removed by an alkaline method after roasting, so that the whole process flow steps are greatly simplified, the use amount of acid and alkali liquor is saved, and the high-efficiency environment-friendly effect is achieved.
2. According to the method for recovering valuable metals from the waste lithium iron phosphate battery positive electrode material, in the steps of acid leaching and dissolving the roasted material and adjusting alkali to separate out, only weak acid or weak alkali is needed to control the filtrate, and the problem of environmental pollution caused by using strong acid or strong alkali is further avoided.
3. In the method for recovering valuable metals from the anode materials of the waste lithium iron phosphate batteries, the Fe obtained after roasting is utilized2O3、FePO4And L i3PO4Solubility characteristics of Fe2O3、FePO4And L i3PO4Effective separation is realized in acid liquor, and L i is enabled3PO4After the lithium phosphate is fully dissolved in the dilute acid solution, the solution is adjusted to the mode of alkaline precipitation, so that the high grade of the finally precipitated lithium phosphate precipitation product can be effectively ensured, and the aim of recycling the lithium phosphate with high grade is fulfilled.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to test examples and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter is not limited to the following examples, and any techniques implemented based on the disclosure of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
After the anode materials of the waste lithium iron phosphate batteries are disassembled and ground, weighing 100 parts of the treated anode materials of the batteries, putting the anode materials into a boat box without any substances, putting the boat box into a roasting furnace at the temperature of 200 plus materials and 1000 ℃, introducing air or oxygen for roasting, introducing roasting waste gas into lime emulsion, keeping the temperature for 1-5h, stopping heating, cooling and taking out the roasted materials; adding 300 portions of pure water and 400 portions of pure water into the roasting material, pumping the diluted and mixed roasting material into a stirring reaction kettle, heating to 30-90 ℃, adding dilute hydrochloric acid into the stirring reaction kettle, uniformly stirring, adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 3.0-5.0, dissolving for 1-5h, filtering and washing. Washing and drying the filter cake to obtain Fe2O3、FePO4The mixture can be used as a raw material for synthesizing lithium iron phosphate or nontoxic antirust paint to be recycled after being driedAnd (4) utilizing. And adding potassium hydroxide into the filtrate, adjusting the pH value of the filtrate to 7.0-8.5, and standing for half an hour to obtain lithium phosphate precipitate separated out from the filtrate.
Detecting and recovering the obtained Fe2O3、FePO4The purity of the mixture reaches 96.5 percent, the purity of lithium phosphate reaches 97 percent, the recovery rate of iron reaches 95 percent, and the recovery rate of lithium reaches 97 percent.
Example 2
After the anode materials of the waste lithium iron phosphate batteries are disassembled, broken and ground and subjected to magnetic separation, 100 parts of the treated anode materials of the batteries are weighed and placed into a boat box without any substances, the boat box is placed into a roasting furnace at 800 ℃ with 300 plus materials, air or oxygen is introduced for roasting, roasting waste gas is introduced into lime emulsion, and after heat preservation is carried out for 1.5-4h, heating and cooling are stopped, and roasting materials are taken out; adding 300 portions of pure water and 400 portions of pure water into the roasting material, pumping the diluted and mixed roasting material into a stirring reaction kettle, heating to 30-90 ℃, adding diluted phosphoric acid into the stirring reaction kettle, uniformly stirring, adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 2.5-4.5, dissolving for 1-4h, filtering, and washing. And washing and drying the filter cake to obtain a pure mixture of Fe2O3 and FePO4, and recycling the mixture after drying as a raw material for synthesizing the lithium iron phosphate or the nontoxic antirust paint. And adding sodium hydroxide into the filtrate, adjusting the pH value of the filtrate to 7.0-9.0, and standing for half an hour to obtain lithium phosphate precipitate separated out from the filtrate.
Detecting and recovering the obtained Fe2O3、FePO4The purity of the mixture reaches 97%, the purity of lithium phosphate reaches more than 98%, the recovery rate of iron reaches 97.8%, and the recovery rate of lithium reaches 98.4%.
Example 3
After the anode materials of the waste lithium iron phosphate batteries are disassembled, broken and ground and subjected to magnetic separation, weighing 100 parts of the treated anode materials of the batteries, putting the anode materials of the batteries into a boat box without any substances, putting the boat box into a roasting furnace at the temperature of 400-600 ℃, introducing air or oxygen for roasting, introducing roasting waste gas into lime emulsion, keeping the temperature for 2-3h, stopping heating and cooling, and taking out the roasted materials; adding 300 portions of pure water and 400 portions of pure water into the roasting material, pumping the diluted and mixed roasting material into a stirring reaction kettle, heating to 60-80 ℃, adding dilute phosphoric acid into the stirring reaction kettle, uniformly stirring, and adjustingAdjusting pH of the mixed solution to 3.0-4.0, dissolving for 2-3 hr, filtering, and washing. Washing and drying the filter cake to obtain Fe2O3、FePO4The pure mixture can be used as a raw material for synthesizing the lithium iron phosphate or the nontoxic antirust paint for recycling after being dried; and adding sodium hydroxide into the filtrate, adjusting the pH value of the filtrate to 7.5-8.5, and standing for half an hour to obtain lithium phosphate precipitate separated out from the filtrate.
Detecting and recovering the obtained Fe2O3、FePO4The purity of the mixture reaches 98%, the purity of lithium phosphate reaches 99.3%, the recovery rate of iron reaches 98%, and the recovery rate of lithium reaches 99%.
Example 4
After the anode materials of the waste lithium iron phosphate batteries are disassembled, broken and ground and subjected to magnetic separation, 100 parts of the treated anode materials of the batteries are weighed and placed into a boat box without any substances, the boat box is placed into a roasting furnace at the temperature of 350-700 ℃, air or oxygen is introduced for roasting, roasting waste gas is introduced into lime emulsion, and after heat preservation is carried out for 2-3 hours, heating and cooling are stopped, and roasting materials are taken out; adding 300 portions of pure water and 400 portions of pure water into the roasting material, pumping the diluted and mixed roasting material into a stirring reaction kettle, heating to 30-90 ℃, adding dilute nitric acid into the stirring reaction kettle, uniformly stirring, adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 4.5-6.0, dissolving for 1-4h, filtering and washing. Washing and drying the filter cake to obtain Fe2O3、FePO4The pure mixture can be used as a raw material for synthesizing the lithium iron phosphate or the nontoxic antirust paint for recycling after being dried. And adding sodium hydroxide into the filtrate, adjusting the pH value of the filtrate to 7.5-8.5, and standing for half an hour to obtain lithium phosphate precipitate separated out from the filtrate.
Detecting and recovering the obtained Fe2O3、FePO4The purity of the mixture reaches 98 percent, the purity of lithium phosphate reaches 98.7 percent, the recovery rate of iron reaches 96.5 percent, and the recovery rate of lithium reaches 98 percent.
Example 5
After the anode materials of the waste lithium iron phosphate batteries are disassembled, broken and ground and magnetically separated, 100 parts of the treated anode materials of the batteries are weighed and placed into a boat box without any substances, and the boat box is placed into a roasting furnace with the temperature of 400 plus materials and 800 ℃, and then air or oxygen is introduced for roasting, and roasting is carried outIntroducing the waste gas into the lime emulsion, keeping the temperature for 2-3h, stopping heating, cooling and taking out the roasted material; adding 300 portions of pure water and 400 portions of pure water into the roasting material, pumping the diluted and mixed roasting material into a stirring reaction kettle, heating to 30-90 ℃, adding dilute sulfuric acid into the stirring reaction kettle, uniformly stirring, adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 5.5-6.5, dissolving for 1-4h, filtering and washing. Washing and drying the filter cake to obtain Fe2O3、FePO4The pure mixture can be used as a raw material for synthesizing the lithium iron phosphate or the nontoxic antirust paint for recycling after being dried. And adding 30% ammonia water into the filtrate, adjusting the pH value of the filtrate to 7.0-9.0, and standing for half an hour to obtain lithium phosphate precipitate separated out from the filtrate.
Detecting and recovering the obtained Fe2O3、FePO4The purity of the mixture reaches 97.8 percent, the purity of lithium phosphate reaches 99 percent, the recovery rate of iron reaches 97.3 percent, and the recovery rate of lithium reaches 97.9 percent.
Comparative example 1
The process steps and conditions as described in example 3 were used, except that in the acid leaching treatment, the amount of diluted phosphoric acid added to the stirred tank reactor was increased, the mixture was stirred uniformly, and the pH of the mixture was adjusted to 1-2. Detecting and recovering the obtained Fe2O3、FePO4The purity of the mixture did not change significantly to 97.8%, but the purity of the recovered lithium phosphate was significantly reduced to 95%, with iron hydroxide impurities in the recovered lithium phosphate precipitate.
Comparative example 2
The process steps and conditions described in example 3 were used except that during the acid leach treatment, the amount of dilute phosphoric acid added to the filtrate was reduced to a PH of 6.6-7. Detecting and recovering the obtained Fe2O3、FePO4The purity of the mixture is not obviously changed to 97.5 percent, but the recovery rate of the lithium phosphate is greatly reduced and is only 70 percent, and the purity of the recovered lithium phosphate is not obviously changed to 99 percent.
Comparative example 3
The process steps and conditions as described in example 3 were used except that during the alkali precipitation treatment, the amount of sodium hydroxide added to the filtrate was increased to make the filtrateThe pH value is 6-7. Detecting and recovering the obtained Fe2O3、FePO4The purity of the mixture is not obviously changed to 97.8 percent, but the recovery rate of the lithium phosphate is greatly reduced, only 60 percent, and the purity of the recovered lithium phosphate is reduced to 99 percent.
Comparative example 4
The process steps and conditions as described in example 3 were used except that during the alkali precipitation treatment, the amount of sodium hydroxide added to the filtrate was reduced to a pH of 9-10. Detecting and recovering the obtained Fe2O3、FePO4The purity of the mixture is not obviously changed to 97.8 percent, but the recovery rate of the lithium phosphate is greatly reduced to only 65 percent, and the purity of the recovered lithium phosphate is not reduced to 98.6 percent.
Comparative example 5
The process steps and conditions as described in example 3 were used, except that the calcination temperature of the calciner was increased from 400 ℃ to 600 ℃ to 1000 ℃ to 1200 ℃. The detection finds that the recovered Fe2O3、FePO4The purity of the mixture did not change significantly to 97.8%, but Fe2O3、FePO4The recovery rate of the mixture is reduced to 80%; the purity of the recovered lithium phosphate is obviously reduced to 86%, and the recovered lithium phosphate precipitate contains more ferric hydroxide impurities. It can be seen that the increase in temperature results in Fe after calcination2O3The solubility of the acid is changed, so that part of Fe2O3 is dissolved in dilute acid in the acid leaching treatment of the recovery process, and the influence on Fe is further caused2O3、FePO4And the purity of the recovered lithium phosphate.
Comparative example 6
The process steps and conditions as described in example 3 were used except that the calcination temperature of the calciner was reduced from 400 ℃ to 600 ℃ to 100 ℃ to 200 ℃. And detecting and recovering to obtain a filter cake containing a large amount of unreacted lithium iron phosphate and a very small amount of iron phosphate. The precipitation amount of alkali precipitated from the filtrate is small, most of the alkali precipitated is ferrous hydroxide precipitation, and only a very small amount of lithium phosphate precipitates.
According to the experimental results of the comparative examples 1 to 6, the high-grade preferential recycling of lithium phosphate can be realized only by controlling the pH value of the solution adjusted by adding acid or alkali in the recycling process flow and the roasting temperature of the battery anode material within the numerical range of the invention.
Claims (13)
1. A method for recovering valuable metals from a waste lithium iron phosphate battery positive electrode material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) roasting, namely fully roasting and oxidizing the disassembled and ground lithium iron phosphate battery positive electrode material to ensure that Fe and L i metal elements in the battery positive electrode material are roasted and oxidized to generate Fe2O3、FePO4And L i3PO4(ii) a The roasting temperature is 200-1000 ℃; the roasting time is 1-5 h;
(2) acid leaching, namely soaking the roasted material fully roasted and oxidized in the step (1) in a dilute acid solution, wherein the pH value of the dilute acid solution is controlled to be 2.0-6.5, so that L i in the roasted material3PO4Dissolving salt, and filtering to obtain L i product3PO4With Fe2O3、FePO4Separating;
(3) and (4) alkali precipitation, namely taking the filtrate treated in the step (3), and adjusting the filtrate to be alkaline so as to enable L i in the filtrate to be3PO4Directly separate out into precipitate, thereby realizing solid L i3PO4And (6) recovering.
2. The method for recovering valuable metals from the anode material of the waste lithium iron phosphate batteries as claimed in claim 1, wherein the roasting temperature in the step (1) is 300-800 ℃.
3. The method for recovering valuable metals from the cathode materials of the waste lithium iron phosphate batteries as claimed in claim 2, wherein the roasting temperature in the step (1) is 400-600 ℃.
4. The method for recovering valuable metals from the positive electrode materials of the waste lithium iron phosphate batteries according to claim 1, wherein the roasting time in the step (1) is 1.5-4 h.
5. The method for recovering valuable metals from the positive electrode materials of the waste lithium iron phosphate batteries according to claim 4, wherein the roasting time in the step (1) is 2-3 h.
6. The method for recovering valuable metals from the positive electrode materials of the waste lithium iron phosphate batteries according to claim 1, wherein the dilute acid in the step (2) is one or more of dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute nitric acid, dilute sulfuric acid and dilute phosphoric acid.
7. The method for recovering valuable metals from the positive electrode material of the waste lithium iron phosphate batteries as claimed in claim 6, wherein the pH value of the dilute acid is controlled to be between pH = 3.0-5.0.
8. The method for recovering valuable metals from the positive electrode materials of the waste lithium iron phosphate batteries according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the pH value of the filtrate is adjusted by adding soluble alkaline substances, wherein the soluble alkaline substances are one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and ammonia water.
9. The method for recovering valuable metals from the cathode materials of the waste lithium iron phosphate batteries as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pH value of the filtrate in the step (3) is adjusted and controlled to be in the range of 7.0-9.0.
10. The method for recovering valuable metals from the cathode materials of the waste lithium iron phosphate batteries according to claim 9, wherein the pH value of the filtrate in the step (3) is adjusted and controlled within a range of 7.5-8.5.
11. The method for recovering valuable metals from the positive electrode materials of the waste lithium iron phosphate batteries according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode materials of the lithium iron phosphate batteries are obtained by screening the positive electrode materials of the lithium iron phosphate batteries in a magnetic separation mode in the processes of disassembly and grinding.
12. The method for recovering valuable metals from the positive electrode materials of the waste lithium iron phosphate batteries according to claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) roasting: weighing 100 parts of the disassembled and ground lithium iron phosphate battery positive electrode material, placing the positive electrode material into a roasting furnace with the temperature of 300-;
(2) acid leaching: adding 200 parts of pure water and 600 parts of pure water, pumping into a stirring reaction kettle, heating to 30-90 ℃, dropwise adding dilute acid to keep the pH =3-6.5, dissolving and reacting for 1-4h, filtering, and washing;
(3) and adjusting the pH of the filtrate obtained by filtering to be 7.0-9.0, and precipitating lithium phosphate in the filtrate to realize the recovery of lithium phosphate products.
13. The method for recovering valuable metals from the positive electrode materials of the waste lithium iron phosphate batteries according to claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) taking 100 parts of the anode waste after the disassembly and grinding of the waste lithium iron phosphate batteries, putting the anode waste into a boat box without any substances, introducing air or oxygen into a roasting furnace at the temperature of 400-;
(2) adding 300 portions of pure water and 400 portions of pure water into the roasting material, pumping the mixture into a stirring reaction kettle, heating the mixture to 60-80 ℃, dropwise adding dilute acid, keeping the pH =3.0-4.0, carrying out dissolution reaction for 2-3h, filtering and washing;
(3) adjusting pH of part of filtrate obtained after filtering to be 7.5-8.5, precipitating to obtain lithium phosphate, filtering, washing with clear water, and drying to obtain a lithium phosphate product;
(4) and filtering to obtain a filter cake which is a pure mixture containing iron and phosphorus, and drying to recover iron and phosphorus elements.
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| CN109179512B (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2020-12-08 | 郑忆依 | Treatment method of lithium iron phosphate waste |
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