CN108109714B - It is a kind of to cover copper Alpha-alumina/graphite composited contact material preparation method - Google Patents

It is a kind of to cover copper Alpha-alumina/graphite composited contact material preparation method Download PDF

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CN108109714B
CN108109714B CN201711313735.XA CN201711313735A CN108109714B CN 108109714 B CN108109714 B CN 108109714B CN 201711313735 A CN201711313735 A CN 201711313735A CN 108109714 B CN108109714 B CN 108109714B
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copper
alpha
alumina
graphite
powder
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CN108109714A (en
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沈涛
张玲洁
张继
陈晓
祁更新
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Wenzhou Hongfeng Electrical Alloy Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/02Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
    • H01B1/026Alloys based on copper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/17Metallic particles coated with metal
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D15/00Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/04Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/06Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
    • H01B1/08Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances oxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • B22F2009/041Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by mechanical alloying, e.g. blending, milling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • B22F2009/043Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to contact material technologies, it is desirable to provide a kind of to cover copper Alpha-alumina/graphite composited contact material preparation method.Include: that will cover copper Alpha-alumina/Graphite Composite Powder sheet material is made through being cold-pressed tabletting, then sheet material is sintered, obtains contact material;The preparation of the composite granule: alpha-alumina powder is added in copper nitrate aqueous solution, it is built after ultrasonic disperse using inert electrode as anode, using copper electrode as the rotary electroplating device of cathode, deposited copper clad Alpha-alumina composite granule after electroplated on cathode;It scrapes composite granule and graphite powder carries out ball milling;Composite granule is obtained after product drying, sieving.The present invention improves abrasion resistance properties by introducing third Hard Inclusion, the copper-Alpha-alumina/Graphite Composite Powder for forming excellent electric conductivity, covering copper uniform in effect.With lower resistivity, contact resistance and smaller melting welding power, and then show more preferably anti-fusion welding property.

Description

It is a kind of to cover copper Alpha-alumina/graphite composited contact material preparation method
Technical field
It is specifically a kind of that copper is covered using galvanoplastic+mechanical alloying method processing the invention belongs to contact material technology Alpha-alumina/graphite composited contact material preparation method.
Background technique
The good conductivity of copper-graphite contact material, contact resistance are small, resistance fusion welding energy is fine, but disadvantage is electrical wear Greatly.General content of graphite is no more than 5%.Graphite can be determined under Frotteurism along crystal interlayer slip, and along frictional direction To with excellent lubricant.But after the absorption membrane desorption formed at contact interface, the friction and wear behavior of graphite It can reduce, and then the degree of wear of electrical contact contact surface is caused to be deepened, to influence the military service longevity of copper-graphite contact material Life.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome deficiency in the prior art, provide a kind of applied to electrical contact material Material covers copper Alpha-alumina/Graphite Composite Powder preparation method.
In order to solve the technical problem, solution of the invention is:
There is provided it is a kind of cover copper Alpha-alumina/graphite composited contact material preparation method, be that will cover copper Alpha-alumina/stone Sheet material is made through being cold-pressed tabletting in black composite granule, then sheet material is sintered, and obtains covering copper Alpha-alumina/compound electrical contact of graphite Material;
Copper Alpha-alumina/the Graphite Composite Powder of covering is prepared by following methods:
(1) copper-Alpha-alumina composite granule synthesis
Alpha-alumina powder is added in the copper nitrate aqueous solution that concentration is 0.1~0.5mol/L, ultrasonic disperse is formed One mixed liquor;The molar ratio of copper nitrate and Alpha-alumina is 1: 1;
It builds using inert electrode as anode, using copper electrode as the rotary electroplating device of cathode, copper electrode can be around inertia electricity Pole rotation, plating solution are the copper nitrate mixed liquor containing alpha-alumina powder;After electroplated, copper clad alpha-oxidation deposited on cathode Aluminium composite granule;
(2) copper-Alpha-alumina/Graphite Composite Powder preparation
Copper clad Alpha-alumina composite granule is scraped from copper electrode, and agate jar is added with graphite powder in it together In, ball-milling reaction is carried out under the conditions of existing for the spirit solvent;Wherein, the matter of copper clad Alpha-alumina composite granule and graphite powder Amount is than being 9: 1;After ball milling that reaction product is dry, 200 mesh screens excessively, final obtain cover copper Alpha-alumina/Graphite Composite Powder.
In the present invention, the sintering refers to: being first warming up to 500 DEG C, keeps the temperature 3 hours;750~900 DEG C are then heated to, is protected Temperature 3~6 hours;Heating rate is 8 DEG C/min.
In the present invention, the ultrasonic disperse time in the step (1) is 0.5~2h.
In the present invention, in the step (1), set electroplating voltage as 3~7V, plating the speed of rotation be 100~300rmp, Electroplating time is 0.5~3h.
In the present invention, in the step (2), rotational speed of ball-mill is 200~400rpm, and Ball-milling Time 12~for 24 hours, ratio of grinding media to material is (5~9): 1 (ratio of grinding media to material refers to mass ratio between agate mill ball and total raw material).
In the present invention, in the step (2), 8h is dried after ball milling at 50 DEG C, is crossed 200 mesh screen 2-3 times.
Inventive principle description:
Nanometer α-Al2O3It is a kind of O2-According to the crystal structure of six side's precision stacked arrangements.It adds in the composite micro- Nanometer α-the Al of amount2O3The sintering activity of composite granule is peomoted.And sintering temperature is reduced, and pass through high temperature sintering Treated α-Al2O3The bending strength and fracture toughness of material reach maximum value.Meanwhile nanoscale alumina powder removes Except the sintering temperature that powder can be reduced, also there is high temperature resistant, good thermostabilization and chemical stability, wear-resistant and high rigidity Etc. performances, widely applied in terms of high-strength material, electronic material, wear-resistant material.
There are problems that wearing no resistance this during military service based on copper-graphite contact material, the present invention proposes thus Cu cladding nanometer α-Al is made using galvanoplastic2O3Composite granule, and by copper clad nanometer α-Al obtained2O3, graphite use machine Tool alloying technology is realized adulterates third Hard Inclusion nanometer α-Al in copper-graphite composite material2O3Constituent element is made and connects applied to electricity Touch the copper clad nanometer α-Al of Material Field2O3/ Graphite Composite Powder.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, the present invention is by introducing third Hard Inclusion-Alpha-alumina as improvement copper graphite contact material wear-resistant damage property Can, it first realizes that Alpha-alumina covers copper using electroplating technology for the first time, covers copper Alpha-alumina later in conjunction with Mechanic Alloying Technology realization Mechanical bond between powder and graphite, the copper-Alpha-alumina/graphite composite powder for forming excellent electric conductivity, covering copper uniform in effect Body.
2, prepared by the present invention to cover copper Alpha-alumina/Graphite Composite Powder compared with traditional copper-graphite contact material Cu- α-Al obtained2O3/ C (1) product has lower resistivity, contact resistance and smaller melting welding power, and then shows More preferably anti-fusion welding property.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, present invention is further described in detail, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that The following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1:
1. the synthesis of bronze medal-Alpha-alumina composite granule
The copper nitrate and alpha-alumina powder that molar ratio is 1:1 are weighed, copper nitrate is dissolved in deionized water and forms concentration For the copper nitrate aqueous solution of 0.1mol/L, alpha-alumina powder is then placed in ultrasonic disperse 0.5h in copper nitrate aqueous solution, shape At uniform suspension plating solution.Using inert electrode as anode, using copper electrode as cathode, with the copper nitrate mixing containing alpha-alumina powder Liquid is plating solution, and setting electroplating voltage as 3V, the plating speed of rotation is 100rmp, and electroplating time 30min is finally deposited on The Alpha-alumina composite granule of copper clad on cathode.
Cathode anode reaction equation is as follows:
Cathode: Cu (2+)+2e=Cu
Anode: 4OH (-) -4e=2H2O+O2
Overall reaction: 2Cu (2+)+2H2O=2Cu+4H (+)+O2
2. bronze medal-Alpha-alumina/Graphite Composite Powder preparation
To cover copper alpha-alumina powder, graphite made from above-mentioned plating as raw material, covered using Mechanic Alloying Technology realization The alloying of copper Alpha-alumina and graphite.Copper clad Alpha-alumina composite granule is scraped first from copper electrode, according to mass ratio 9:1, which is weighed, covers copper alpha-alumina powder and graphite each 9g and 1g accordingly, is then placed in agate jar, in spirit solvent item High-energy ball milling reaction is carried out under part, wherein rotational speed of ball-mill is 200rpm, Ball-milling Time 12h, ratio of grinding media to material 5:1.Then by ball milling Reaction product is dried (50 DEG C, 8h), crosses 200 mesh screen 2-3 times, and final obtain covers copper Alpha-alumina/Graphite Composite Powder.
3, the preparation of copper Alpha-alumina/graphite composited contact material is covered
Copper Alpha-alumina/Graphite Composite Powder will be covered, sheet material is made through being cold-pressed tabletting, then sheet material will be sintered, be covered Copper Alpha-alumina/graphite composited contact material;The sintering refers to: being first warming up to 500 DEG C, keeps the temperature 3 hours;Then it heats up To 750 DEG C, 6 hours are kept the temperature;Heating rate is 8 DEG C/min.
Embodiment 2:
1. the synthesis of bronze medal-Alpha-alumina composite granule
The copper nitrate and alpha-alumina powder that molar ratio is 1:1 are weighed, copper nitrate is dissolved in deionized water and forms concentration For the copper nitrate aqueous solution of 0.5mol/L, alpha-alumina powder is then placed in ultrasonic disperse 2h in copper nitrate aqueous solution, is formed Uniform suspension plating solution.Using inert electrode as anode, using copper electrode as cathode, with the copper nitrate mixed liquor containing alpha-alumina powder For plating solution, setting electroplating voltage as 7V, the plating speed of rotation is 200rmp, electroplating time 3h, and final obtain is deposited on cathode On copper clad Alpha-alumina composite granule.
Cathode anode reaction equation is as follows:
Cathode: Cu (2+)+2e=Cu
Anode: 4OH (-) -4e=2H2O+O2
Overall reaction: 2Cu (2+)+2H2O=2Cu+4H (+)+O2
2. bronze medal-Alpha-alumina/Graphite Composite Powder preparation
To cover copper alpha-alumina powder, graphite made from above-mentioned plating as raw material, covered using Mechanic Alloying Technology realization The alloying of copper Alpha-alumina and graphite.Copper clad Alpha-alumina composite granule is scraped first from copper electrode, according to mass ratio 9:1, which is weighed, covers copper alpha-alumina powder and graphite each 9g and 1g accordingly, is then placed in agate jar, in spirit solvent item High-energy ball milling reaction is carried out under part, wherein rotational speed of ball-mill is 400rpm, and Ball-milling Time is for 24 hours.Then ball-milling reaction product is carried out Dry (50 DEG C, 8h) are crossed 200 mesh screen 2-3 times, and final obtain covers copper Alpha-alumina/Graphite Composite Powder.
3, the preparation of copper Alpha-alumina/graphite composited contact material is covered
Copper Alpha-alumina/Graphite Composite Powder will be covered, sheet material is made through being cold-pressed tabletting, then sheet material will be sintered, be covered Copper Alpha-alumina/graphite composited contact material;The sintering refers to: being first warming up to 500 DEG C, keeps the temperature 3 hours;Then it heats up To 900 DEG C, 3 hours are kept the temperature;Heating rate is 8 DEG C/min.
Embodiment 3:
1. the synthesis of bronze medal-Alpha-alumina composite granule
The copper nitrate and alpha-alumina powder that molar ratio is 1:1 are weighed, copper nitrate is dissolved in deionized water and forms concentration For the copper nitrate aqueous solution of 0.3mol/L, alpha-alumina powder is then placed in ultrasonic disperse 1h in copper nitrate aqueous solution, is formed Uniform suspension plating solution.Using inert electrode as anode, using copper electrode as cathode, with the copper nitrate mixed liquor containing alpha-alumina powder For plating solution, setting electroplating voltage as 5V, the plating speed of rotation is 300rmp, electroplating time 2h, and final obtain is deposited on cathode On copper clad Alpha-alumina composite granule.
Cathode anode reaction equation is as follows:
Cathode: Cu (2+)+2e=Cu
Anode: 4OH (-) -4e=2H2O+O2
Overall reaction: 2Cu (2+)+2H2O=2Cu+4H (+)+O2
2. bronze medal-Alpha-alumina/Graphite Composite Powder preparation
To cover copper alpha-alumina powder, graphite made from above-mentioned plating as raw material, covered using Mechanic Alloying Technology realization The alloying of copper Alpha-alumina and graphite.Copper clad Alpha-alumina composite granule is scraped first from copper electrode, according to mass ratio 9:1, which is weighed, covers copper alpha-alumina powder and graphite each 9g and 1g accordingly, is then placed in agate jar, in spirit solvent item High-energy ball milling reaction is carried out under part, wherein rotational speed of ball-mill is 300rpm, Ball-milling Time 18h.Then ball-milling reaction product is carried out Dry (50 DEG C, 8h) are crossed 200 mesh screen 2-3 times, and final obtain covers copper Alpha-alumina/Graphite Composite Powder.
3, the preparation of copper Alpha-alumina/graphite composited contact material is covered
Copper Alpha-alumina/Graphite Composite Powder will be covered, sheet material is made through being cold-pressed tabletting, then sheet material will be sintered, be covered Copper Alpha-alumina/graphite composited contact material;The sintering refers to: being first warming up to 500 DEG C, keeps the temperature 3 hours;Then it heats up To 800 DEG C, 5 hours are kept the temperature;Heating rate is 8 DEG C/min.
Invention effect verifying
1, it is prepared by the present embodiment 1 and covers compound electrical contact composite products (the Cu- α-of copper Alpha-alumina/graphite Al2O3/ C (1)), and survey can be carried out to its electric conductivity (detection method JB/T 7780.3-2008) and contact resistance and resistance fusion welding Examination (detection method GB14048.4-2010 " low voltage switch equipment and control equipment electromechanical treadle and motor starter ").
2, taking commercially available product type is that the copper-graphite contact material of Cu/C (1) is prepared by same mode of operation Corresponding electric contact composite material and rivet product, are used as contrast sample.
3, respectively take 3 groups of typical products as test article in above-mentioned two sample of acquisition, according to detection method JB/ T7780.3-2008 carries out electric conductivity measurement to sample and according to detection method GB14048.4-2010 " low voltage switch equipment and control Control equipment electromechanical treadle and motor starter " it carries out contact resistance and resistance fusion welding and can test, test result is as follows Shown in table.
1 two kinds of contact material product test results of table
It can be seen that and Cu/C (1) product phase made from copper-graphite contact material in the prior art as upper table Than covering Cu- α-Al made from copper Alpha-alumina/Graphite Composite Powder using the present invention2O3/ C (1) product has lower resistance Rate, low and stable contact resistance value and smaller melting welding power, this shows Cu- α-Al of the invention2O3The performance of/C (1) product In contrast more excellent anti-fusion welding property out, technical effect are very significant.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are described above.It is to be appreciated that the invention is not limited to above-mentioned Particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make various deformations or amendments within the scope of the claims, this not shadow Ring substantive content of the invention.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of cover copper Alpha-alumina/graphite composited contact material preparation method, which is characterized in that be that will cover copper alpha-oxidation Sheet material is made through being cold-pressed tabletting in aluminium/Graphite Composite Powder, then sheet material is sintered, and obtains covering copper Alpha-alumina/graphite compound Contact material;
Copper Alpha-alumina/the Graphite Composite Powder of covering is prepared by following methods:
(1) copper-Alpha-alumina composite granule synthesis
Alpha-alumina powder is added in the copper nitrate aqueous solution that concentration is 0.1 ~ 0.5mol/L, ultrasonic disperse forms uniform mix Close liquid;The molar ratio of copper nitrate and Alpha-alumina is 1: 1;
It builds using inert electrode as anode, using copper electrode as the rotary electroplating device of cathode, copper electrode can be revolved around inert electrode Turn, plating solution is the copper nitrate mixed liquor containing alpha-alumina powder;Set electroplating voltage as 3 ~ 7V, the plating speed of rotation be 100 ~ 300 rmp, electroplating time are 0.5 ~ 3h;After electroplated, copper clad Alpha-alumina composite granule deposited on cathode;
(2) copper-Alpha-alumina/Graphite Composite Powder preparation
Copper clad Alpha-alumina composite granule is scraped from copper electrode, it is added in agate jar together with graphite powder, Ball-milling reaction is carried out under the conditions of spirit solvent is existing;Wherein, the mass ratio of copper clad Alpha-alumina composite granule and graphite powder It is 9: 1;After ball milling that reaction product is dry, 200 mesh screens excessively, final obtain cover copper Alpha-alumina/Graphite Composite Powder.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the sintering refers to: being first warming up to 500 DEG C, heat preservation 3 is small When;750~900 DEG C are then heated to, keeps the temperature 3~6 hours;Heating rate is 8 DEG C/min.
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein ultrasonic disperse time in the step (1) be 0.5~ 2h。
4. rotational speed of ball-mill is 200 ~ 400 rpm the method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), Ball-milling Time 12 ~ for 24 hours, ratio of grinding media to material is (5 ~ 9): 1.
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), after ball milling at 50 DEG C dry 8h, Cross 200 mesh screen 2-3 times.
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