CN108109713B - Method for treating radioactive medical wastewater - Google Patents
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- CN108109713B CN108109713B CN201711325297.9A CN201711325297A CN108109713B CN 108109713 B CN108109713 B CN 108109713B CN 201711325297 A CN201711325297 A CN 201711325297A CN 108109713 B CN108109713 B CN 108109713B
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- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
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- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
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- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 25
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- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) nitrate Inorganic materials [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/04—Treating liquids
- G21F9/06—Processing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/04—Treating liquids
- G21F9/06—Processing
- G21F9/10—Processing by flocculation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/04—Treating liquids
- G21F9/06—Processing
- G21F9/12—Processing by absorption; by adsorption; by ion-exchange
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/04—Treating liquids
- G21F9/06—Processing
- G21F9/18—Processing by biological processes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating radioactive medical wastewater, and relates to the technical field of medical wastewater treatment. The method for treating the radioactive medical wastewater provided by the invention comprises primary treatment and secondary treatment; the first-stage treatment adopts a microbial adsorption mode to precipitate radioactive substances, and the second-stage treatment adopts a chemical precipitator mode to precipitate the radioactive substances. The method for treating the radioactive medical wastewater provided by the invention removes the radioactive nuclide in the radioactive medical wastewater in a secondary treatment mode, and has high clearance rate of the radioactive nuclide. And the mode of microbial adsorption is to adsorb the radionuclide to the microbial body, the chemical precipitation directly precipitates the radionuclide, and the two solidify the radionuclide, so that the separation and storage are convenient, and the rapid treatment of the radioactive medical wastewater is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical wastewater treatment, in particular to a method for treating radioactive wastewater.
Background
With the vigorous development of the medical industry in China, the production amount of medical wastewater is increasing day by day. The radioactive medical wastewater mainly comes from excrement generated after a patient takes or injects radioactive isotopes in the diagnosis and treatment processes, washing water of containers, cups and laboratories for subpackaging the isotopes, radioactive wastewater discharged by labeled compounds and the like. The radioactive isotope produces alpha, beta and gamma radioactivity during its decay process, and the accumulation in the human body can cause damage to human health. The radioactive wastewater should be provided with an independent collecting system, the radioactive wastewater and the test flushing wastewater should be separately collected, and the pipeline for collecting the radioactive wastewater should adopt a corrosion-resistant special pipeline, generally a stainless steel pipeline or a plastic pipe. The radioactive waste water must be treated to reduce the radioactive concentration to a certain level before it can be discharged. The requirement for radioactivity level in environmental emission standards or drinking water standards is very strict, for example, the national standard of the people's republic of China, "sanitary standards for drinking water for life" (GB 5749-2006) stipulates that the limit of total beta radioactivity in drinking water for life is 1Bq/L, so that the radionuclide ions in the drinking water need to be ensured to be at trace concentration level.
At present, no special treatment system or method for radioactive medical wastewater exists, so the main treatment mode of radioactive medical wastewater by medical units is as follows: radioactive waste water with high concentration and long half-life period is stored in a container and naturally decays. Radioactive sewage with low concentration and short half-life period is discharged into underground storage decay tank, stored for a certain period of time to make its radioactive isotope undergo natural decay, and discharged when the radioactive isotope concentration is reduced to the regulatory limit. With the increasing aging of the radioactive medical wastewater, the two ways cannot meet the treatment requirements of some large hospitals on the radioactive medical wastewater. An important treatment principle for radioactive wastewater treatment is to minimize the amount of liquid or solid media concentrated and enriched with radionuclides under reasonable conditions, and then to perform long-term geological storage of these small amounts of radioactive materials. How to rapidly quantify and separate the radioactive nuclide in the radioactive medical wastewater is one of the problems which need to be solved by modern medical institutions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to solve the problems, the method for treating the radioactive medical wastewater comprises the following two-stage treatment: the radionuclides are subjected to small quantity and solidification and are separated by microbial adsorption and chemical precipitation, the wastewater reaches the standard and is discharged, and the rapid treatment of the radioactive medical wastewater is realized.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for treating radioactive medical wastewater comprises primary treatment and secondary treatment; the first-stage treatment adopts a microbial adsorption mode to precipitate radioactive substances, and the second-stage treatment adopts a chemical precipitator mode to precipitate the radioactive substances.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the method removes the radioactive nuclide in the radioactive medical wastewater in a secondary treatment mode, and the clearance rate of the radioactive nuclide is high. In addition, the mode of microbial adsorption is to adsorb the radioactive nuclide into the microbial body, chemical precipitation directly precipitates the radioactive nuclide, and the two modes solidify the radioactive nuclide and are convenient to separate and store.
According to the method for treating the radioactive medical wastewater, during primary treatment, the used microorganisms comprise at least three of citric acid bacillus, bacillus subtilis, candida tropicalis, rhodosporidium rubrum and candida krusei.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the microorganism has strong adsorption capacity to the radionuclide, and effectively adsorbs the radionuclide.
The invention relates to a method for treating radioactive medical wastewater, which is characterized in that the pH value of the radioactive medical wastewater is adjusted to 4.0-7.0 during primary treatment.
The invention relates to a method for treating radioactive medical wastewater, which is characterized in that the temperature of the medical wastewater is kept between 30 and 45 ℃ during primary treatment.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, under the conditions of pH and temperature, the activity of the microorganism is high, and the adsorption activity to the radionuclide is high.
The method for treating the radioactive medical wastewater has the advantage that the primary treatment time is 24-48 h.
In the method for treating the radioactive medical wastewater, a chemical precipitator comprises a capture agent and an activating agent during secondary treatment.
The invention relates to a method for treating radioactive medical wastewater, wherein a trapping agent is prepared by compounding activated carbon, diatomite and an activating agent according to the mass ratio of 1:2-4: 0.5-1.
The invention relates to a method for treating radioactive medical wastewater, wherein an activating agent is a composite inorganic salt ionized substance, and the composite inorganic salt ionized substance comprises K+、Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Fe2+、Zn2+、Sr2+、Fe3+At least three of them.
According to the technical scheme, the active carbon and the diatomite have strong capability of adsorbing the radionuclide, but the radionuclide is adsorbed by microorganisms, so that the concentration is low, radionuclide ions in water are surrounded by a large number of water molecules to form hydrated ions, the hydrated ions are weak in electrical property and thick in water molecular layer and are not easy to be captured by the active carbon and the diatomite, a certain amount of inorganic salt ions are added into the hydrated ions, and when the different types of inorganic salt ions exist in water at specific concentration, the thickness of a hydrated molecular layer can be reduced to the minimum, so that the probability of adsorbing the radionuclide ions is greatly increased.
According to the method for treating the radioactive medical wastewater, disclosed by the invention, during secondary treatment, the pH of the radioactive medical wastewater is adjusted to 3.0-5.0, and the temperature is kept at 60-80 ℃.
By adopting the technical scheme, the pH is adjusted to be slightly acidic, so that the hydrolysis of metal ions can be effectively prevented and controlled, and the metal ions are promoted to play the role of an activator.
The invention relates to a method for treating radioactive medical wastewater, which is characterized in that the radioactive medical wastewater after secondary treatment is discharged after being filtered by a filter screen, and the aperture of the filter screen is 25-50 nm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the small-particle-size flocculation sediment is intercepted by the filter screen, so that the treatment efficiency of the radioactive medical wastewater is further improved. .
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the radioactive nuclide of the medical wastewater is treated in two stages, and the treatment efficiency is high.
(2) The radionuclides are solidified by microbial adsorption and chemical precipitation, so that later-stage collection and treatment are facilitated.
(3) And an activating agent is added during chemical precipitation, so that the treatment efficiency of low-concentration radioactive nuclide is improved.
Drawings
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention providing a method for treating radioactive medical wastewater.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract) may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for treating radioactive medical wastewater, which is used for carrying out two-stage treatment on the radioactive medical wastewater and has high treatment efficiency on radioactive nuclide. The method for treating the radioactive medical wastewater provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting radioactive medical wastewater, and carrying out primary treatment on the radioactive medical wastewater: adsorbing the radioactive medical wastewater by using microorganisms.
Step two: performing secondary treatment on the radioactive medical wastewater adsorbed by the microorganisms: chemical precipitation is carried out by using a chemical precipitator, and the radioactive medical wastewater after chemical precipitation reaches the standard and is discharged.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for treating radioactive medical wastewater, which is used for carrying out two-stage treatment on the radioactive medical wastewater and has high treatment efficiency on radioactive nuclide. The method for treating the radioactive medical wastewater provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting the radioactive medical wastewater, adjusting the pH value of the radioactive medical wastewater to 4.0-7.0, and carrying out primary treatment on the radioactive medical wastewater: adsorbing the radioactive medical wastewater by microorganisms, and keeping the temperature at 30-45 ℃ during the microbial adsorption.
Step two: adjusting the pH value of the radioactive medical wastewater adsorbed by the microorganisms to 3.0-5.0 and carrying out secondary treatment on the radioactive medical wastewater: chemical precipitation is carried out by using a chemical precipitator, the temperature is kept between 60 and 80 ℃ during the chemical precipitation, and the radioactive medical wastewater after the chemical precipitation reaches the standard and is discharged.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for treating radioactive medical wastewater, which is used for carrying out two-stage treatment on the radioactive medical wastewater and has high treatment efficiency on radioactive nuclide. The method for treating the radioactive medical wastewater provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting the radioactive medical wastewater, adjusting the pH value of the radioactive medical wastewater to 4.0-7.0, and carrying out primary treatment on the radioactive medical wastewater: the radioactive medical wastewater is adsorbed by microorganisms, the microorganisms consist of citric acid bacillus, red winter spore saccharomycete and krusei candida saccharomycete, and the thallus concentration needs to be adjusted according to the concentration of the radioactive nuclide and the amount of the radioactive wastewater. When the microorganism is adsorbed, the temperature is kept between 30 and 45 ℃.
Step two: adjusting the pH value of the radioactive medical wastewater adsorbed by the microorganisms to 3.0-5.0 and carrying out secondary treatment on the radioactive medical wastewater: performing chemical precipitation with chemical precipitant comprising activated carbon, diatomaceous earth, and activator, wherein the activator is KNO3、Sr(NO3)2、Fe(NO3)3And (4) forming. The mass ratio of the activated carbon to the diatomite to the activating agent is 1:3: 0.8. Keeping the temperature between 60 and 80 ℃ during chemical precipitation, and discharging the radioactive medical wastewater after chemical precipitation after reaching the standard.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for treating radioactive medical wastewater, which is used for carrying out two-stage treatment on the radioactive medical wastewater and has high treatment efficiency on radioactive nuclide. The method for treating the radioactive medical wastewater provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting the radioactive medical wastewater, adjusting the pH value of the radioactive medical wastewater to 4.0-7.0, and carrying out primary treatment on the radioactive medical wastewater: the radioactive medical wastewater is adsorbed by microorganisms, the microorganisms consist of citric acid bacillus, bacillus subtilis and candida tropicalis, and the concentration of the bacteria needs to be adjusted according to the concentration of the radioactive nuclide and the amount of the radioactive wastewater. When the microorganism is adsorbed, the temperature is kept between 30 and 45 ℃.
Step two: adjusting the pH value of the radioactive medical wastewater adsorbed by the microorganisms to 3.0-5.0 and carrying out secondary treatment on the radioactive medical wastewater: performing chemical precipitation with chemical precipitant comprising activated carbon, diatomaceous earth, and activator, wherein the activator is KNO3、NaNO3、Ca(NO3)2、Sr(NO3)2、Zn(NO3)2、Mg(NO3)2、Fe(NO3)2And (4) forming. Activated carbon, diatomThe mass ratio of the soil to the activating agent is 1:4: 0.5. The mass ratio of the activated carbon to the diatomite to the activating agent is 1:3: 0.8. The temperature is kept between 60 and 80 ℃ during chemical precipitation.
Step three: filtering the radioactive medical wastewater subjected to chemical precipitation by a filter screen, discharging the radioactive medical wastewater after reaching the standard, and collecting and treating the precipitate. The aperture of the filter screen is 25-50 nm.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a method for treating radioactive medical wastewater, which is used for carrying out two-stage treatment on the radioactive medical wastewater and has high treatment efficiency on radioactive nuclide. The method for treating the radioactive medical wastewater provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting the radioactive medical wastewater, adjusting the pH value of the radioactive medical wastewater to 4.0-7.0, and carrying out primary treatment on the radioactive medical wastewater: the radioactive medical wastewater is adsorbed by microorganisms, the microorganisms comprise citric acid bacillus, bacillus subtilis, candida tropicalis, rhodosporidium and candida krusei, and the thallus concentration needs to be adjusted according to the concentration of the radioactive nuclide and the amount of the radioactive wastewater. When the microorganism is adsorbed, the temperature is kept between 30 and 45 ℃.
Step two: adjusting the pH value of the radioactive medical wastewater adsorbed by the microorganisms to 3.0-5.0 and carrying out secondary treatment on the radioactive medical wastewater: performing chemical precipitation with chemical precipitant comprising activated carbon, diatomaceous earth, and activator, wherein the activator comprises activated carbon, diatomaceous earth, and activator, and the activator comprises KNO3、NaNO3、Ca(NO3)2、Sr(NO3)2、Zn(NO3)2、Mg(NO3)2、Fe(NO3)2、Fe(NO3)/3And (4) forming. The mass ratio of the activated carbon to the diatomite to the activating agent is 1:2: 1. The mass ratio of the activated carbon to the diatomite to the activating agent is 1:3: 0.8. The temperature is kept between 60 and 80 ℃ during chemical precipitation.
Step three: filtering the radioactive medical wastewater subjected to chemical precipitation by a filter screen, discharging the radioactive medical wastewater after reaching the standard, and collecting and treating the precipitate. The aperture of the filter screen is 25-50 nm.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a method for treating radioactive medical wastewater, which is used for carrying out two-stage treatment on the radioactive medical wastewater and has high treatment efficiency on radioactive nuclide. The method for treating the radioactive medical wastewater provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting the radioactive medical wastewater, adjusting the pH value of the radioactive medical wastewater to 4.0-7.0, and carrying out primary treatment on the radioactive medical wastewater: the radioactive medical wastewater is adsorbed by microorganisms, the microorganisms consist of bacillus subtilis, candida tropicalis, rhodosporidium toruloides and candida krusei, and the concentration of the bacteria needs to be adjusted according to the concentration of the radioactive nuclide and the amount of the radioactive wastewater. When the microorganism is adsorbed, the temperature is kept between 30 and 45 ℃.
Step two: adjusting the pH value of the radioactive medical wastewater adsorbed by the microorganisms to 3.0-5.0 and carrying out secondary treatment on the radioactive medical wastewater: chemical precipitation is carried out by using chemical precipitator, the chemical precipitator consists of active carbon, diatomite and activating agent, the activating agent consists of active carbon, diatomite and activating agent, and the activating agent consists of NaNO3、Sr(NO3)2、Mg(NO3)2、Fe(NO3)/3And (4) forming. The mass ratio of the activated carbon to the diatomite to the activating agent is 1:3: 0.6. The mass ratio of the activated carbon to the diatomite to the activating agent is 1:3: 0.8. The temperature is kept between 60 and 80 ℃ during chemical precipitation.
Step three: filtering the radioactive medical wastewater subjected to chemical precipitation by a filter screen, discharging the radioactive medical wastewater after reaching the standard, and collecting and treating the precipitate. The aperture of the filter screen is 25-50 nm.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.
Claims (6)
1. A method for treating radioactive medical wastewater is characterized by comprising primary treatment and secondary treatment; the first-stage treatment adopts a mode of microbial adsorption to precipitate radioactive substances, and the second-stage treatment adopts a chemical precipitatorPrecipitating the radioactive material; during the primary treatment, the microorganism is composed of at least three of citric acid bacillus, bacillus subtilis, candida tropicalis, rhodosporidium toruloides and candida krusei; in the secondary treatment, the chemical precipitator is composed of a trapping agent, the trapping agent is compounded by activated carbon, diatomite and an activating agent according to the mass ratio of 1:2-4:0.5-1, the activating agent is a composite inorganic salt ionization, and the composite inorganic salt ionization comprises: k+、Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Fe2+、Zn2+、Sr2+、Fe3+At least three of them.
2. The method for treating radioactive medical wastewater according to claim 1, wherein the pH of radioactive medical wastewater is adjusted to 4.0 to 7.0 in the primary treatment.
3. The method for treating radioactive medical wastewater according to claim 2, wherein the temperature of the medical wastewater is maintained at 30 to 45 ℃ in the primary treatment.
4. The method for treating radioactive medical wastewater according to claim 3, wherein the primary treatment time is 24 to 48 hours.
5. The method for treating radioactive medical wastewater according to claim 4, wherein the pH of radioactive medical wastewater is adjusted to 3.0 to 5.0 and the temperature is maintained at 60 to 80 ℃ in the secondary treatment.
6. The method for treating radioactive medical wastewater according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the radioactive medical wastewater after the secondary treatment is discharged after being filtered through a strainer having a pore size of 25 to 50 nm.
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| CN104900285A (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2015-09-09 | 武汉网绿环境技术咨询有限公司 | A treatment method for radionuclide-containing pollutants |
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| CN101894597B (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2013-04-03 | 清华大学 | Pretreatment method for radioactive wastewater |
| CN103755036B (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2017-02-15 | 四川大学 | Method for treatment on 137Cs radioactive waste liquid by microbe adsorption |
| JP2016099157A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2016-05-30 | フタムラ化学株式会社 | Method for producing cesium adsorbent |
| CN104538076B (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2017-08-04 | 西南科技大学 | A kind of radioactivity total activity mass concentration gradient combination falls progressively the method for handling high intermediate level liquid waste |
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| CN104900285A (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2015-09-09 | 武汉网绿环境技术咨询有限公司 | A treatment method for radionuclide-containing pollutants |
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