CN108106969B - Experimental system and method for measuring diffusion of pressure wave in core - Google Patents
Experimental system and method for measuring diffusion of pressure wave in core Download PDFInfo
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- CN108106969B CN108106969B CN201711122393.3A CN201711122393A CN108106969B CN 108106969 B CN108106969 B CN 108106969B CN 201711122393 A CN201711122393 A CN 201711122393A CN 108106969 B CN108106969 B CN 108106969B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental system and a method for measuring the diffusion of pressure waves in a core, which relate to the technical field of oil and gas field development, and the experimental system comprises: the core holder is used for loading a core, and a plurality of openings are formed in the core holder along the axial direction of the core holder; the pressure data collector is provided with a plurality of pressure sensors, and the pressure sensors are arranged inside the core holder through the openings; the first pipeline can be connected with one end of the core holder and comprises a first flowmeter, a storage tank unit and a first pressure device which are connected in series; a second line connectable to the other end of the core holder, the second line including a second flow meter; a third line connectable to a side wall of the core holder, the third line comprising a second pressure device; and the vacuum pump is used for vacuumizing the core holder. The method and the device can monitor the diffusion and change conditions of the pressure wave at the end face of the rock core in the displacement process in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas field development, in particular to an experimental system and method for measuring diffusion of pressure waves in a rock core.
Background
The core displacement experiment in the laboratory is an important means for researching rock characteristics (pore characteristics, throat characteristics, rock sensitivity characteristics and the like), fluid characteristics (fluid seepage capability, non-Newtonian fluid and the like) and testing oil field chemical recovery ratio in the field of petroleum engineering, and is also a common method for simulating oil field on-site depletion development, secondary oil recovery (water flooding development), tertiary oil recovery (gas injection development, polymer injection development, CO2 injection development, steam stimulation, steam flooding) and the like.
The conventional displacement experiment generally adopts cylindrical rock cores with the diameters of about 2.5cm and the lengths of 2cm to 10cm, and the characterization parameters in the experiment process mainly comprise the pressure difference between an injection end and an outlet end and the volume of displacement produced fluid at the outlet end. And calculating the permeability and the core recovery ratio according to Darcy's law by the two parameters and the injection fluid speed.
However, in the actual core displacement process, there are pressure variations along the axial direction of the core, that is, the pressures at different positions in the axial direction of the core are not completely the same, and the conventional displacement equipment and displacement method cannot measure the pressure variations in the direction, and cannot analyze the transmission speed, transmission process, etc. of the pressure wave in the displacement process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the above defects in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide an experimental system and method for measuring the diffusion of pressure waves inside a core, which can monitor the diffusion and change conditions of the pressure waves at the end face of the core in the displacement process in real time.
The specific technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
an experimental system for measuring pressure wave propagation inside a core, the experimental system for measuring pressure wave propagation inside a core comprising:
the core holder is used for loading the core, and a plurality of openings are formed in the core holder along the axial direction of the core holder;
a pressure data collector having a plurality of pressure sensors disposed within the core holder through the opening;
a first pipeline connectable to one end of the core holder, the first pipeline comprising a first flow meter, a storage tank unit, a first pressure device connected in series;
a second line connectable to the other end of the core holder, the second line including a second flow meter;
a third line connectable with a side wall of the core holder, the third line comprising a second pressure device;
a vacuum pump for evacuating the core holder.
In a preferred embodiment, the third line further comprises: and a pressure gauge.
In a preferred embodiment, the second line further comprises a back-pressure valve connected to the second flow meter.
In a preferred embodiment, the second line further comprises a fluid trap connected to the back-pressure valve.
In a preferred embodiment, the storage tank unit comprises a first liquid storage tank and a second liquid storage tank connected in parallel.
In a preferred embodiment, the pressure sensor is sealed through the opening.
In a preferred embodiment, the first liquid comprises a solution of deionized water; the second liquid comprises kerosene, crude oil, a mixture of kerosene and crude oil.
In a preferred embodiment, the experimental system for measuring the propagation of pressure waves inside the core further comprises: a vacuum manometer connectable to the core holder.
An experimental method using any one of the experimental systems described above for measuring pressure wave propagation inside a core, the experimental method comprising:
loading the rock core into the rock core holder, and vacuumizing the rock core holder through the vacuum pump;
applying confining pressure under a preset value to the core holder through a second pressure device;
injecting a first liquid in the storage tank unit into the core holder by the first pressure device at a first preset speed, stopping injecting the first liquid when the first flow meter and the second flow meter have the same value;
injecting a second liquid in the storage tank unit into the core holder by the first pressure device at a second preset velocity;
and recording pressure values at different positions inside the core holder in real time through a pressure data acquisition unit in the second liquid injection process.
In a preferred embodiment, the experimental method further comprises:
and stopping injecting the second liquid when the number of the first flowmeter and the number of the second flowmeter are the same.
In a preferred embodiment, before the core holder is evacuated by the vacuum pump, pressure is applied to the core holder by the second pressure means to check the sealing properties of the core holder.
In a preferred embodiment, the pressure variation curves at different positions and the pressure diffusion maps inside the core are obtained by recording the pressure values at different positions inside the core holder in real time.
In a preferred embodiment, the first predetermined speed is 1mL/min or less, and the second predetermined speed is 1mL/min or less.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following remarkable beneficial effects:
the experiment system and the method for measuring pressure wave in the internal diffusion of the rock core are characterized in that the cuboid sheet rock core is adopted, a plurality of rows of small holes which are distributed in parallel are drilled on the surface of the rock core, the pressure sensors are buried into the drilled small holes and then are fixed by sealing materials such as epoxy resin glue and the like, the whole rock core is sealed and packaged, then the pressure sensors, the pressure data collector and the computer are connected by using a circuit, the diffusion condition and the change condition of the pressure wave at the end face of the rock core in the displacement process are monitored in real time, and the pressure change curves at different positions in the displacement process of the rock core and the pressure diffusion diagram in the internal part of the rock core are obtained.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are disclosed in detail with reference to the following description and drawings, indicating the manner in which the principles of the invention may be employed. It should be understood that the embodiments of the invention are not so limited in scope. The embodiments of the invention include many variations, modifications and equivalents within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Features that are described and/or illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be used in the same way or in a similar way in one or more other embodiments, in combination with or instead of the features of the other embodiments.
Drawings
The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way. In addition, the shapes, the proportional sizes, and the like of the respective members in the drawings are merely schematic for facilitating the understanding of the present invention, and do not specifically limit the shapes, the proportional sizes, and the like of the respective members of the present invention. Those skilled in the art, having the benefit of the teachings of this invention, may choose from the various possible shapes and proportional sizes to implement the invention as a matter of case.
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of an experimental system for measuring pressure wave propagation within a core in a first state according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a system diagram of an experimental system for measuring pressure wave propagation within a core in a second state according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an experimental method for measuring pressure wave propagation inside a core in an embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals of the above figures:
1. a first pressure device; 2. a three-way valve; 3. a first liquid storage tank; 4. a first valve; 5. a second liquid storage tank; 6. a second valve; 7. a first flow meter; 8. a third valve; 9. a core holder; 10. a pressure sensor; 11. a fourth valve; 12. a second flow meter; 13. a back pressure valve; 14. a fluid collector; 15. a pressure gauge; 16. a fifth valve; 17. a second pressure device; 18. a pressure data collector; 19. a computer; 20. a vacuum pressure gauge; 21. a vacuum pump.
Detailed Description
The details of the present invention can be more clearly understood in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the description of the embodiments of the present invention. However, the specific embodiments of the present invention described herein are for the purpose of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Any possible variations based on the present invention may be conceived by the skilled person in the light of the teachings of the present invention, and these should be considered to fall within the scope of the present invention. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may include, for example, mechanical or electrical connections, communications between two elements, direct connections, indirect connections through intermediaries, and the like. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not denote a unique embodiment.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In order to monitor the diffusion and change conditions of pressure waves at the end face of a core in the displacement process in real time, an experimental system for measuring the diffusion of pressure waves inside the core is provided in the application, fig. 1 is a system diagram of the experimental system for measuring the diffusion of pressure waves inside the core in the embodiment of the present invention in a first state, fig. 2 is a system diagram of the experimental system for measuring the diffusion of pressure waves inside the core in the embodiment of the present invention in a second state, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the experimental system for measuring the diffusion of pressure waves inside the core may include: the core holder 9 is used for loading a core, and the core holder 9 is provided with a plurality of openings along the axial direction; a pressure data collector 18, wherein the pressure data collector 18 is provided with a plurality of pressure sensors 10, and the pressure sensors 10 are arranged inside the core clamper 9 through openings; a first pipeline which can be connected with one end of the core holder 9 and comprises a first flowmeter 7, a storage tank unit and a first pressure device 1 which are connected in series; a second line connectable to the other end of the core holder 9, the second line comprising a second flow meter 12; a third line connectable to the side wall of the core holder 9, the third line comprising a second pressure device 17; a vacuum pump 21, the vacuum pump 21 being adapted to evacuate the core holder 9.
As shown in fig. 1, the core holder 9 is used for loading a core, the core used here may be a rectangular plate-shaped core, the shape of the core holder 9 matches the core, a plurality of holes are opened in the core holder 9 along the axial direction thereof, the holes are used for passing through the pressure sensors 10 of the pressure data collector 18, and the holes in the axial direction may be in a plurality of rows, for example, two rows in the present embodiment. Meanwhile, a small hole can be formed in the cuboid flaky rock core, the position of the small hole can correspond to the position of the hole in the rock core holder 9, and the small hole is used for embedding the pressure sensor 10. After the pressure sensor 10 is placed, the opening is sealed with a sealing material such as epoxy resin.
As shown in fig. 1, the pressure data collector 18 may have a plurality of pressure sensors 10, the pressure sensors 10 are disposed inside the core holder 9 through openings, and the pressure data collector 18 may also be connected to a computer, and the computer may record parameters collected by the pressure data collector 18 in real time.
In a first state, as shown in fig. 1, a first line can be connected to one end of the core holder 9. The first line may comprise a first flow meter 7, a storage tank unit, a first pressure device 1 connected in series. The first flow meter 7 is used to measure the flow into one end of the core holder 9, and a third valve 8 may be arranged between the first flow meter 7 and one end of the core holder 9. The tank unit may include a first liquid storage tank 3 and a second liquid storage tank connected in parallel. A three-way valve 2 is arranged between the reservoir unit and the first pressure device 1, a first valve 4 is arranged between the first liquid reservoir 3 and the first flow meter 7, and a second valve 6 is arranged between the second liquid reservoir 5 and the first flow meter 7. The first liquid storage tank 3 is used for storing deionized water solution, and the second liquid storage tank 5 is used for storing oily substances such as kerosene, crude oil, and a mixture of kerosene and crude oil. The first pressure means 1 is used to generate pressure to drive the liquid in the reservoir unit into one end of the core holder 9. The first pressure device 1 may be a piston pump or a plunger pump as in the prior art.
In a first state, as shown in fig. 1, a second line is connected to the other end of the core holder 9, which second line may comprise a second flow meter 12. The second flow meter 12 is used to measure the flow of liquid out of the other end of the core holder 9. A fourth valve 11 may be arranged between the second flow meter 12 and the other end of the core holder 9. In order to ensure a suitable pressure difference between one end and the other end of the core holder 9, the second line may further comprise a back-pressure valve 13 connected to the second flow meter 12. To facilitate the collection of liquid flowing out of the other end of the core holder 9, the second line may also comprise a fluid collector 14 connected to a back-pressure valve 13.
In the first state, as shown in fig. 1, a third line can be connected to the side wall of the core holder 9, which third line further comprises a second pressure device 17, which second pressure device 17 is arranged to create a confining pressure for the core holder 9. A fifth valve 16 may be provided between the second pressure means 17 and the side wall of the core holder. In order to facilitate the observation of the confining pressure generated by the second pressure device 17, the third line further comprises: a pressure gauge 15 connected to the side wall of the core holder 9. The second pressure device 17 may be a piston pump or a plunger pump as known in the art.
In the second state, as shown in figure 2, a vacuum pump 21 can be connected to one or the other end of the core holder 9, the vacuum pump 21 being used for evacuating the core holder 9. In order to facilitate the inspection of the vacuum inside the core holder 9, the experimental system for measuring the propagation of pressure waves inside the core further comprises: a vacuum manometer 20 connectable to the core holder 9. In particular, a vacuum pressure gauge 20 is connected with one or the other end of the core holder 9, the vacuum pressure gauge 20 and the core holder 9 may be provided with a third valve 8.
The invention also provides an experimental method for measuring the diffusion of the pressure wave in the core, which is a flow chart of the experimental method for measuring the diffusion of the pressure wave in the core in the embodiment of the invention, and as shown in fig. 3, the experimental method can comprise the following steps:
s101: the core is loaded into the core holder 9 and the core holder 9 is evacuated by means of a vacuum pump 21.
In this embodiment, the rock used for the experiment is cut into a rectangular sheet-like core having a length of 30cm to 50cm, a width of 10cm to 20cm and a height of 2cm to 5cm, a crack having a width of 0.5mm and a depth of 1cm to 2cm is cut at each end of the sheet-like core, and a plurality of small holes, for example, 6 to 10 small holes, for placing the pressure sensors 10 are drilled along both sides of the sheet-like core in the extending direction thereof. After the pressure sensor 10 is placed, it may be sealed with a sealing material such as epoxy resin. The line of the pressure sensor 10 is connected with a pressure data collector 18 and a computer 19 through the opening of the rock core holder 9, and the opening of the rock core holder 9 is sealed by sealing materials such as epoxy resin and the like.
The two ends of the core clamper 9 are sealed by sealing elements, one end of the core clamper is connected with a third valve 8 and a vacuum pressure gauge 15, the other end of the core clamper is connected with a fourth valve 11 and a vacuum pump 21, and the side wall of the core clamper is sequentially connected with the pressure gauge 15, a fifth valve 16 and a second pressure device 17.
Pressure is applied to the core holder 9 by means of the second pressure device 17 to check the sealing properties of the core holder 9. Specifically, the third valve 8 is closed, the fourth valve 11 is closed, the fifth valve 16 is opened, the second pressure device 17 is opened and a confining pressure of a certain pressure, for example, 10MPa is applied, the stand is made for a while, and whether the confining pressure changes is observed by the pressure gauge 15, thereby determining whether the sealing performance of the core holder 9 is good.
The second pressure device 17 is closed, the fifth valve 16 is closed, the third valve 8 is opened, the fourth valve 11 is opened, the vacuum pump 21 is opened, and the vacuum pumping is continued for 4 to 5 hours, wherein the pressure change condition of the vacuum pressure gauge 20 can be checked. When the vacuum degree indicated by the vacuum manometer 20 reaches 0.09MPa and can be maintained for more than 5 minutes, the vacuum pump 21 is turned off, the third valve 8 is closed, and the fourth valve 11 is closed. The vacuum pressure gauge 20 is removed, the vacuum pump 21 is removed, the left end of the third valve 8 is connected to the first line, and the right end of the fourth valve 11 is connected to the second line.
S102: confining pressure at a preset value is applied to the core holder 9 by means of the second pressure means 17.
In this step, the second pressure device 17 is opened to apply a confining pressure at a preset value, which may be 10 MPa.
S103: the first liquid in the reservoir unit is injected into the core holder 9 by the first pressure means 1 at a first preset speed, and the injection of the first liquid is stopped when the values of the first flow meter 7 and the second flow meter 12 are the same.
In this step, the first solution is injected into the first liquid storage tank 3, the three-way valve 2 is opened to open and close the first liquid storage tank 3, the second valve 6 is opened, the third valve 8 is opened, the second pressure pump is opened, a certain value of confining pressure, for example, 10MPa is applied to the core holder 9, the back pressure valve 13 is set to 2MPa, and the fourth valve 11 is opened.
And opening the first pressure pump, injecting 3PV to 5PV first liquid, such as deionized water solution, into the core in the core holder 9 at a first preset speed of less than or equal to 1mL/min through the three-way valve 2, the first liquid storage tank 3, the second valve 6, the first flowmeter 7, the third valve 8, the core holder 9, the fourth valve 11, the second flowmeter 12, the back-pressure valve 13 and the fluid collector 14, so that the core in the core holder 9 is in a 100% water saturation state, and recording data collected by the pressure sensor 10 of the pressure data collector 18 in real time through the computer 19 in the injection process. When the values of the first flowmeter 7 and the second flowmeter 12 are the same, the injection of the first liquid is stopped, i.e., the core is preliminarily considered to be saturated with the first liquid. The first liquid is used for deionizing the aqueous solution to remove Ca, Mg, K, Na and other ions in the water and reduce the influence of the ions of the mineralized substances on the core.
S104: the second liquid in the reservoir unit is injected into the core holder 9 by the first pressure means 1 at a second preset velocity.
In this step, the second liquid is poured into the second liquid storage tank 5, the three-way valve 2 is opened to open and close the second liquid storage tank 5, the first valve 4 is opened, the third valve 8 is opened, the fifth valve 16 is opened, the second pressure device 17 is opened, a confining pressure of a certain value, for example, 10MPa is applied to the core holder 9, the back pressure of the back pressure valve 13 is set to 2MPa, and the fourth valve 11 is opened.
And opening the first pressure device 1, injecting a second solution of 1PV to 2PV into the rock core in the rock core holder 9 at a second preset speed of less than or equal to 1mL/min through a three-way valve 2, a second liquid storage tank 5, a first valve 4, a first flow meter 7, a third valve 8, the rock core holder 9, a fourth valve 11, a second flow meter 12, a back pressure valve 13 and a fluid collector 14, wherein the second solution can be oil substances such as kerosene, crude oil, a mixed oil of the kerosene and the crude oil, and establishing a bound water saturated state.
S105: the pressure values at different positions inside the core holder 9 are recorded in real time by the pressure data collector 18 during the second liquid injection.
In the injection process, the pressure values of different positions of the rock core inside the rock core holder 9 are recorded in real time through the computer and the pressure data collector 18, and the pressure change curves of different positions and the pressure diffusion diagram inside the rock core are obtained through recording the pressure values of different positions inside the rock core holder 9 in real time.
S106: when the values of the first flowmeter 7 and the second flowmeter 12 are the same, the injection of the second liquid is stopped.
In this step, when the flow rates displayed in the first flowmeter 7 and the second flowmeter 12 are the same, it can be preliminarily considered that the core is saturated with the second liquid, the irreducible water saturation is established, then, the injection of the second liquid is stopped, and the experiment is ended.
All articles and references disclosed, including patent applications and publications, are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. The term "consisting essentially of …" describing a combination shall include the identified element, ingredient, component or step as well as other elements, ingredients, components or steps that do not materially affect the basic novel characteristics of the combination. The use of the terms "comprising" or "including" to describe combinations of elements, components, or steps herein also contemplates embodiments that consist essentially of such elements, components, or steps. By using the term "may" herein, it is intended to indicate that any of the described attributes that "may" include are optional. A plurality of elements, components, parts or steps can be provided by a single integrated element, component, part or step. Alternatively, a single integrated element, component, part or step may be divided into separate plural elements, components, parts or steps. The disclosure of "a" or "an" to describe an element, ingredient, component or step is not intended to foreclose other elements, ingredients, components or steps.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. An experimental system for measuring pressure wave propagation inside a core, comprising:
the core holder is used for loading a core, the core is cuboid, the interior of the core holder used for loading the core is cuboid, the core holder is provided with a plurality of openings along the axial direction, the core is drilled with a plurality of small holes along the axial direction, and two ends of the core are respectively cut with a crack;
a pressure data collector having a plurality of pressure sensors disposed within the core holder through the opening and within the core through the aperture;
a first pipeline connectable to one end of the core holder, the first pipeline comprising a first flow meter, a storage tank unit, a first pressure device connected in series;
a second line connectable to the other end of the core holder, the second line including a second flow meter;
a third line connectable with a side wall of the core holder, the third line comprising a second pressure device;
a vacuum pump for evacuating the core holder.
2. The experimental system for measuring pressure wave propagation inside a core according to claim 1, wherein said third pipeline further comprises: and a pressure gauge.
3. The experimental system for measuring the propagation of pressure waves inside a core according to claim 1, wherein the second pipeline further comprises a back pressure valve connected to a second flow meter.
4. The experimental system for measuring pressure wave propagation inside a core according to claim 3, wherein said second pipeline further comprises a fluid collector connected to said back-pressure valve.
5. The experimental system for measuring pressure wave propagation inside a core according to claim 1, wherein the reservoir unit comprises a first liquid reservoir and a second liquid reservoir connected in parallel.
6. The experimental system for measuring pressure wave propagation inside a core according to claim 1, wherein the pressure sensor is processed by sealing through the opening.
7. The experimental system for measuring the propagation of pressure waves inside a core according to claim 5, wherein said first liquid comprises a solution of deionized water; the second liquid comprises kerosene, crude oil, a mixture of kerosene and crude oil.
8. The experimental system for measuring pressure wave propagation inside a core according to claim 1, further comprising: a vacuum manometer connectable to the core holder.
9. An experimental method using the experimental system for measuring pressure wave propagation inside a core according to claim 1, wherein the experimental method comprises:
loading the rock core into the rock core holder, and vacuumizing the rock core holder through the vacuum pump;
applying confining pressure under a preset value to the core holder through a second pressure device;
injecting a first liquid in the storage tank unit into the core holder by the first pressure device at a first preset speed, stopping injecting the first liquid when the first flow meter and the second flow meter have the same value;
injecting a second liquid in the storage tank unit into the core holder by the first pressure device at a second preset velocity;
and recording pressure values at different positions inside the core holder in real time through a pressure data acquisition unit in the second liquid injection process.
10. The experimental method of measuring pressure wave propagation inside a core of claim 9, further comprising:
and stopping injecting the second liquid when the number of the first flowmeter and the number of the second flowmeter are the same.
11. Experimental method for measuring the propagation of pressure waves inside a core according to claim 9, characterized in that before the core holder is evacuated by the vacuum pump, pressure is applied to the core holder by the second pressure means to check the sealing properties of the core holder.
12. An experimental method for measuring pressure wave propagation inside a core according to claim 9, characterized in that the pressure variation curves at different positions and the pressure propagation map inside the core are obtained by recording the pressure values at different positions inside the core holder in real time.
13. Experimental method for measuring the propagation of pressure waves inside a core according to claim 9, characterized in that said first preset velocity is equal to or less than 1mL/min and said second preset velocity is equal to or less than 1 mL/min.
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| CN110132797A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-16 | 西南石油大学 | It is a kind of for measuring the experimental provision and method of chemical agent diffusion coefficient in rock core |
| CN111220497B (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2024-05-10 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Shale reservoir fluid application range quantitative evaluation device after stitch net reconstruction and shale reservoir fluid application range quantitative evaluation method |
| CN112901143A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-06-04 | 西南石油大学 | Device for measuring influence of tight oil and gas reservoir crack development on productivity |
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