CN108106543B - Side slope monitoring multipoint displacement sensor based on optical fiber bending loss - Google Patents
Side slope monitoring multipoint displacement sensor based on optical fiber bending loss Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a slope monitoring multipoint displacement sensor based on optical fiber bending loss, which comprises a plurality of displacement sensing units, wherein the number of the displacement sensing units is more than or equal to 1, the displacement sensing units are sequentially connected in series, and each displacement sensing unit comprises a protective cover, a right connection leading-out optical fiber, an upper end top plate, a capillary steel pipe, a base material, a lower end bottom plate, a left connection leading-out optical fiber and an optical fiber bowknot modulation mechanism; the protective cover is connected with the upper end top plate through a bolt; the upper surface and the lower surface of the base material are respectively fixedly connected with an upper end top plate and a lower end bottom plate; a guide slot hole is formed along the central axis of the base material, the capillary steel pipe penetrates through the guide slot hole, the lower end of the capillary steel pipe is fixed on the lower end bottom plate, the upper end of the capillary steel pipe penetrates through the upper end top plate to be connected with the optical fiber bowknot modulation mechanism, and an anchor head is fixed on the lower surface of the lower end bottom plate; the optical fiber bowtie modulating mechanism is arranged in the protective cover. The sensor solves the problem of distributed remote real-time monitoring of the displacement inside the slope.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a photoelectron landslide measuring technology, in particular to a slope monitoring multipoint displacement sensor based on optical fiber bending loss and a using method thereof.
Background
Landslide is one of the most frequent and serious natural disasters on the earth, and methods and technologies for landslide monitoring are endless. The monitoring of the displacement inside the side slope is always an important subject of attention in the geotechnical engineering field, and the monitoring of the displacement inside the landslide can not only provide accurate important information such as the displacement of a landslide body and the position of a sliding surface, but also facilitate long-term continuous understanding of the landslide state, and realize long-period stability evaluation and early warning judgment on the landslide body. At present, sensors such as a borehole inclinometer, a bedrock displacement meter and a multipoint displacement meter are generally adopted for monitoring the internal displacement of a rock-soil body, the borehole inclinometer is used as a relatively accurate inclinometer, but the measurement on site needs a manual mode, the workload is large, the data monitoring is not continuous enough, and the real-time performance is not strong; the sensor unit is arranged at the position of the hole opening, is connected with the transfer rods with different lengths, measures the displacement of anchoring ends with different depths relative to the hole opening, and assumes a deep fixed point, thereby converting the deformation of each measuring point. The existing measuring instruments are not beneficial to remote real-time measurement and monitoring, are easily interfered by external strong electricity, and have limited measuring precision.
The optical fiber sensing technology is a sensing technology which uses light as a carrier and uses optical fiber as a medium to sense external physical and chemical parameters. It is being widely used in civil engineering as a new measurement technique. Compared with the traditional sensor, the sensor has the obvious advantages that: anti-electromagnetic interference, light weight, low cost, high sensitivity, and convenient long-distance transmission.
Chinese invention patent CN102252703A discloses an optical fiber composite sensing module, which is characterized in that mortar is used for wrapping a substrate, an optical fiber penetrating through a capillary steel pipe is arranged on the surface of the substrate, the optical fiber at the upper end part of the substrate is installed as a bowknot modulation mechanism to form bending loss, the device can realize the characteristics of high initial measurement precision, large measurement stroke and dynamic range, judgment on load direction and the like on a measured body, and the sensor utilizing the optical fiber bending loss principle can be used for measuring a sheared sliding body, but the device is too rough to manufacture, is inconvenient to use and install on site, and the bowknot modulation mechanism is exposed outside and is easily influenced by the environment; and distributed multi-point displacement measurement of the interior of the landslide body cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a slope monitoring multipoint displacement sensor based on optical fiber bending loss and a using method thereof, which can be used for solving the problem of distributed remote real-time monitoring of the displacement in a slope.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the slope monitoring multipoint displacement sensor based on the optical fiber bending loss comprises a plurality of displacement sensing units, wherein the number of the displacement sensing units is more than or equal to 1, and the displacement sensing units are sequentially connected in series;
the protective cover is connected with the upper end top plate through a bolt; the upper surface and the lower surface of the base material are respectively fixedly connected with an upper end top plate and a lower end bottom plate; a guide slot hole is formed along the central axis of the base material, the capillary steel pipe penetrates through the guide slot hole, the lower end of the capillary steel pipe is fixed on the lower end bottom plate, the upper end of the capillary steel pipe penetrates through the upper end top plate to be connected with the optical fiber bowknot modulation mechanism, and an anchor head is fixed on the lower surface of the lower end bottom plate; the optical fiber bowknot modulation mechanism is arranged in the protective cover, optical fiber leading-out holes are formed in the two sides of the protective cover, the left continuous leading-out optical fiber and the right continuous leading-out optical fiber are respectively led out from the optical fiber leading-out holes in the two sides, and the optical fiber leading-out holes are sealed by epoxy resin.
The cross section of the base material is circular, and the strength and the modulus of the base material are similar to those of mortar during slope pouring as much as possible.
The upper end top plate and the lower end bottom plate are light stainless steel sheets with certain strength as much as possible.
The plurality of displacement sensing units are sequentially connected in series with the right continuous leading-out optical fiber through respective left continuous leading-out optical fibers, the right continuous leading-out optical fiber at the lowest part is not led out, and the left continuous leading-out optical fiber at the uppermost part is led out; or the left connected and led-out optical fiber at the lowest part is not led out, the right connected and led-out optical fiber at the uppermost part is led out to form a multi-point displacement sensor, two adjacent displacement sensing units are connected through a steel wire rope, the upper end of the steel wire rope is connected with the anchor head of the displacement sensing unit positioned above, and the lower end of the steel wire rope is connected with the upper end of the protective cover; the plurality of displacement sensing units are bound together through a plurality of steel wire ropes, placed in the holes of the side slope after being bound, and then fixed in the holes of the side slope of the rock layer of the side slope through grouting.
The left leading-out optical fiber and the right leading-out optical fiber are connected by armored cables, so that signal transmission is facilitated in a landslide body, the leading-out optical fiber of the displacement sensing unit located at the uppermost position is led out of a side slope hole through the armored cables, and an upper optical time domain reflectometer is connected for measurement.
A use method of a slope monitoring multipoint displacement sensor based on optical fiber bending loss is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
1) when the rock-soil body at the measuring position of the displacement sensor slides along the sliding surface in a shearing manner, the capillary steel pipe in the guide slot hole can generate shearing dislocation, so that the optical fiber bowtie modulation mechanism in the protective cover is driven to deform, the size can be reduced, and the optical fiber loss change value after the optical fiber bowtie modulation mechanism deforms can be analyzed according to testing instruments such as an optical time domain reflectometer and the like;
2) the shearing deformation of the capillary steel pipe is reflected on the deformation of the optical fiber bowtie modulation mechanism. The landslide soil deformation at the measured position can be calculated through the relation between the deformation displacement of the capillary steel tube and the optical fiber loss change value under the condition that the optical fiber bowtie modulation mechanism is calibrated in a laboratory.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the displacement of the capillary steel pipe generated by the movement of the sliding body can be converted into the shrinkage deformation l of the optical fiber bowtie modulation mechanism, and the optical fiber bowtie modulation mechanism belongs to an intrinsic sensor, so that the relationship between the optical fiber loss α and the deformation l caused by the deformation of the optical fiber bowtie modulation mechanism is f (α), and the displacement of the measured hole measuring point is finally converted into the modulation of the optical fiber loss.
2. Aiming at the side slopes with different monitoring depths, a plurality of displacement sensing units can be connected in series to form a multipoint displacement sensor, and the steel wire ropes are bound and then placed in the holes to be solidified by mortar. According to different monitoring requirements, displacement sensing units with different numbers can be connected in series to realize distributed monitoring in the side slope holes.
3. The leading-out optical fiber is connected with an external optical time domain reflectometer through an armored optical cable, so that remote signal monitoring can be realized, and the optical fiber displacement sensor has the advantages of strong electromagnetic interference resistance, corrosion resistance and the like. The optical time domain reflectometer for measuring signals is low in price and can be used for detecting the attenuation position of optical fiber signals. The displacement sensor is connected with measuring instruments such as an optical time domain reflectometer and the like, and long-term and real-time remote monitoring can be carried out.
4. The invention has simple structure design, lower cost, is beneficial to field installation, is convenient to operate and realizes multi-point monitoring.
5. According to the optical fiber loss change condition measured in measuring instruments such as an optical time domain reflectometer and the like, the sliding mode, the sliding surface position and the slippage of the sliding mass can be simply and accurately judged.
Drawings
In order to make the object, technical scheme and beneficial effect of the invention more clear, the invention provides the following drawings for explanation:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a single displacement sensing unit in the optical fiber bending loss-based slope monitoring multipoint displacement sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a slope monitoring multipoint displacement sensor based on optical fiber bending loss according to the present invention installed in a hole of a slope;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber bowtie modulation mechanism in the optical fiber bending loss-based slope monitoring multipoint displacement sensor according to the present invention;
the labels in the figure are: 1 is a protective cover, 2 is a right connection leading-out optical fiber, 3 is an upper end top plate, 4 is a capillary steel pipe, 5 is a guide slot hole, 6 is a base material, 7 is a lower end bottom plate, 8 is a left connection leading-out optical fiber, 9 is an optical fiber leading-out hole, 10 is a bolt, 11 is an anchor head, and 12 is an optical fiber bowknot modulation mechanism; 13 is a steel wire rope, 14 is a slope hole, and 15 is a slope rock layer.
Detailed Description
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1-3, a slope monitoring multipoint displacement sensor based on optical fiber bending loss comprises four displacement sensing units, each displacement sensing unit comprises a protective cover 1, a right connection leading-out optical fiber 2, an upper end top plate 3, a capillary steel pipe 4, a guide slot hole 5, a base material 6, a lower end bottom plate 7, a left connection leading-out optical fiber 8, an optical fiber leading-out hole 9, a bolt 10, an anchor head 11 and an optical fiber bowknot modulation mechanism 12;
wherein the protective cover 1 is connected with the upper end top plate 3 through a bolt 10; the base material 6 is bonded with the upper end top plate 3 and the lower end bottom plate 7 through strong glue; the capillary steel tube 4 passes through a guide slot hole 5 in the base material 6, the lower end of the capillary steel tube 4 and the anchor head 11 are both fixed on the lower end bottom plate 7, and the upper end of the capillary steel tube passes through the upper end top plate 3; the optical fiber bowknot modulation mechanism 12 is arranged in the protective cover 1, is connected with the upper end of the capillary steel tube 4, and is respectively led out of the left continuous leading-out optical fiber 8 and the right continuous leading-out optical fiber 2 through the optical fiber leading-out hole 9, and the optical fiber leading-out hole 9 is sealed by epoxy resin. The fiber bowtie modulation mechanism 12 is used to improve the bending sensitivity of the fiber.
The cross section of the base material 6 is circular, the strength and the modulus are similar to those of mortar during side slope pouring as much as possible, and further the base material can be ensured to be consistent with the deformation coordination of the multipoint displacement sensor in the sliding deformation process of the landslide body. The base material with the circular cross section is more convenient for placing the multipoint displacement sensor in the drill hole, and the thickness of the peripheral mortar layer is ensured to be consistent; and secondly, the resultant force of the landslide forces in different directions acts on the multipoint displacement sensor with the circular section, and the stress mode of the multipoint displacement sensor is better than that of other sections.
The upper end top plate 3 and the lower end bottom plate 7 adopt light stainless steel sheets with certain strength as much as possible.
The plurality of displacement sensing units are sequentially connected in series through respective left continuous lead-out optical fibers 8 and right continuous lead-out optical fibers 2, the lower right continuous lead-out optical fibers 2 are not led out, the upper left continuous lead-out optical fibers 8 are led out to form a multipoint displacement sensor, and the anchor points of the upper displacement sensing units and the upper end of the protective cover of the lower displacement sensing units are connected through a steel wire rope 13 by the plurality of displacement sensing units after being connected in series, so that the displacement sensing units are bound together and are placed in the side slope holes 14 after being bound, and then are bound in the side slope holes 14 of the side slope rock layer 15 through grouting.
The left connection leading-out optical fiber 8 and the right connection leading-out optical fiber 2 are connected through armored optical cables, so that signal transmission is facilitated in a landslide body, the armored optical cables are optical fibers with cladding, series connection can be achieved through an optical fiber fusion splicer, signals are convenient to transmit in the landslide body and are not prone to damage, the armored optical cables are finally led out of side slope holes 14, and an upper optical time domain reflectometer is connected for measurement.
A method for using a slope monitoring multipoint displacement sensor based on optical fiber bending loss is provided, a multipoint displacement sensor composed of four displacement sensing units (1# -4 #) is assumed to be installed in a hole of a slope, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
1) referring to fig. 2, assuming that the sliding surface is located at the position of the 2# displacement sensing unit, the rock-soil mass generates shear sliding along the sliding surface, the displacement sensor and the surrounding rock-soil mass keep deformation coordination, and no deformation occurs because the 3# and 4# displacement sensing units below the 2# displacement sensing unit are located on the stable rock bed; the 1# displacement sensing unit above the 2# displacement sensing unit deforms together with the surrounding rock-soil mass, and therefore no shear deformation occurs. The lower end bottom plate 7 of the 2# displacement sensing unit is fixed on a rock bed, the base material 6 is sheared by the sliding force of the sliding body, so that the capillary steel tube 4 in the guide slot hole 5 is sheared and deformed, the optical fiber bowtie modulation structure 12 brought into the protective cover 1 is deformed, the size is deformed, and the optical fiber loss change value after the optical fiber bowtie modulation structure 12 is deformed can be measured according to the optical time domain reflectometer; the optical time domain reflectometer can detect the position of the sliding surface by judging the loss values of the optical fiber at different route positions. Therefore, the following fiber loss phenomena occur in the optical time domain reflectometer in the present embodiment: no optical fiber loss exists at the 1#, 3# and 4# displacement sensing units; the 2# displacement sensing unit has optical fiber loss;
2) the amount of shear deformation of the capillary steel tube 4 is reflected on the deformation of the optical fiber bow-tie modulating mechanism 12. The landslide mass deformation at the measured position can be calculated through the relationship between the deformation displacement of the capillary steel tube 4 and the optical fiber loss change value under the condition that the optical fiber bowtie modulation mechanism 12 is calibrated in a laboratory.
Through the steps in the above embodiment, the sliding mode, the sliding surface position and the slip amount of the sliding mass can be determined.
Example 2: a slope monitoring multipoint displacement sensor based on optical fiber bending loss comprises four displacement sensing units, wherein the four displacement sensing units are sequentially connected in series, and each displacement sensing unit comprises a protective cover 1, a right connection leading-out optical fiber 2, an upper end top plate 3, a capillary steel pipe 4, a guide slot hole 5, a base material 6, a lower end bottom plate 7, a left connection leading-out optical fiber 8, an optical fiber leading-out hole 9, a bolt 10, an anchor head 11 and an optical fiber bowknot modulation mechanism 12; the connection relationship of the parts is the same as that of example 1.
The four displacement sensing units (1# -4 #) are sequentially connected in series with the right connection leading-out optical fiber 2 through respective left connection leading-out optical fibers 8, the left connection leading-out optical fiber 8 at the bottom is not led out, the right connection leading-out optical fiber 2 at the top is led out to form a multipoint displacement sensor, the plurality of displacement sensing units after being connected in series are bound together through a steel wire rope 13, and are placed into a side slope hole 14 after being bound, and then are bound in the side slope hole 14 of a side slope rock layer 15 through grouting.
The method for using the slope monitoring multipoint displacement sensor based on the optical fiber bending loss comprises the following specific steps:
1) referring to fig. 2, assuming that two stages of sliding surfaces occur, the 1-stage sliding surface is located at the position of the 2# displacement sensing unit and tends to be stable after sliding for a period of time; the 2-stage sliding surface is positioned on the 1# displacement sensing unit, and the sliding starts to be carried out again after the 1-stage sliding surface is stabilized for a while. When the landslide body slides along the 1-level sliding surface, the rock and soil body slides along the sliding surface in a shearing mode, the displacement sensor and the surrounding rock and soil body keep consistent deformation, and the 3# displacement sensing unit and the 4# displacement sensing unit below the 2# displacement sensing unit are positioned on the stable rock bed and cannot deform; the 1# displacement sensing unit above the 2# displacement sensing unit deforms together with the surrounding rock-soil mass, and therefore no shear deformation occurs. The lower end bottom plate 7 of the 2# displacement sensing unit is fixed on a rock bed, the base material 6 is sheared by the sliding force of the sliding body, so that the capillary steel tube 4 in the guide slot hole 5 is sheared and deformed, the optical fiber bowtie modulation structure 12 brought into the protective cover 1 is deformed, the size is deformed, and the optical fiber loss change value after the optical fiber bowtie modulation structure 12 is deformed can be measured according to the optical time domain reflectometer; after the 1-level sliding surface is stable, the sliding mass begins to slide along the 2-level sliding surface again, the displacement sensor and the surrounding rock-soil mass keep deformation coordination and consistency, and the 2#, 3# and 4# displacement sensing units below the 1# displacement sensing unit are positioned on the stable rock bed and cannot deform. The lower end bottom plate 7 of the 1# displacement sensor is fixed on a rock bed, the base material 6 is sheared by the sliding force of the sliding body, so that the capillary steel pipe 4 in the guide slot hole 5 is sheared and deformed, the optical fiber bowtie modulation structure 12 brought into the protective cover 1 is deformed and deformed in size, and the optical fiber loss change value of the deformed optical fiber bowtie modulation structure 12 can be measured according to testing instruments such as an optical time domain reflectometer and the like;
the optical time domain reflectometer can detect the position of the sliding surface by judging the loss values of the optical fiber at different route positions. Therefore, the following fiber loss phenomena occur in the optical time domain reflectometer in the present embodiment: in a period of time when monitoring starts, no optical fiber loss exists at the corresponding positions of the 1#, 3# and 4# displacement sensing units; the 2# displacement sensing unit has optical fiber loss; in the post-monitoring period, the 2#, 3# and 4# displacement sensing units have no optical fiber loss, and the 1# displacement sensing unit has optical fiber loss;
2) the amount of shear deformation of the capillary steel tube 4 is reflected on the deformation of the optical fiber bow-tie modulating mechanism 12. The landslide mass deformation at the measured position can be calculated through the relationship between the deformation displacement of the capillary steel tube 4 and the optical fiber loss change value under the condition that the optical fiber bowtie modulation mechanism 12 is calibrated in a laboratory.
Through the steps in the embodiment, the sliding mode, the sliding surface position and the sliding amount of the sliding mass can be judged.
Nothing in this specification is said to apply to the prior art.
Claims (5)
1. A slope monitoring multipoint displacement sensor based on optical fiber bending loss is used for measuring sliding shearing displacement of a slope body and comprises a plurality of displacement sensing units, wherein the displacement sensing units are sequentially connected in series;
the upper end of the protective cover is closed, the lower end of the protective cover is open, and the open end of the protective cover is connected with the top plate at the upper end through a bolt; the upper surface and the lower surface of the base material are respectively fixedly connected with an upper end top plate and a lower end bottom plate; a guide slot hole is formed along the central axis of the base material, the capillary steel pipe penetrates through the guide slot hole, the lower end of the capillary steel pipe is fixed on the lower end bottom plate, the upper end of the capillary steel pipe penetrates through the upper end top plate to be connected with the optical fiber bowknot modulation mechanism, and an anchor head is fixed on the lower surface of the lower end bottom plate; the optical fiber bowknot modulation mechanism is arranged in the protective cover, optical fiber leading-out holes are formed in the two sides of the protective cover, the left-connected leading-out optical fiber and the right-connected leading-out optical fiber are respectively led out from the optical fiber leading-out holes in the two sides, and the optical fiber leading-out holes are sealed by epoxy resin; the cross section of the base material is circular, and the strength and the modulus of the base material are similar to those of mortar during slope pouring.
2. The optical fiber bending loss based slope monitoring multipoint displacement sensor according to claim 1, wherein: and the upper end top plate and the lower end bottom plate are both made of light stainless steel sheets.
3. The optical fiber bending loss based slope monitoring multipoint displacement sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the displacement sensors are connected with the right continuous leading-out optical fiber in series through respective left continuous leading-out optical fibers, and the plurality of displacement sensing units after being connected in series are connected with the anchor point of the upper displacement sensing unit and the upper end of the protective cover of the lower displacement sensing unit through steel wire ropes, so that the plurality of displacement sensing units are bound together.
4. The optical fiber bending loss based slope monitoring multipoint displacement sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the left leading-out optical fiber and the right leading-out optical fiber are connected by an armored optical cable, and finally, the side slope hole is led out by the armored optical cable positioned at the uppermost part and is connected with an optical time domain reflectometer for measurement.
5. The use method of the slope monitoring multipoint displacement sensor based on the optical fiber bending loss according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following specific steps:
1) when the rock-soil body at the measuring position of the displacement sensor slides along the sliding surface in a shearing manner, the capillary steel pipe in the guide slot hole can generate shearing dislocation, so that the optical fiber bowtie modulation mechanism in the protective cover is driven to deform, the size is reduced, and the optical fiber loss change value after the optical fiber bowtie modulation mechanism deforms is analyzed according to the optical time domain reflectometer;
2) the shearing deformation of the capillary steel pipe is reflected on the deformation of the optical fiber bowknot modulation mechanism; and calculating the landslide soil deformation at the measured position according to the relation between the deformation displacement of the capillary steel tube and the optical fiber loss change value under the condition that the optical fiber bowtie modulation mechanism is calibrated in a laboratory.
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| CN201517920U (en) * | 2009-10-12 | 2010-06-30 | 中国水电顾问集团华东勘测设计研究院 | Fiber Bragg grating string type multi-point displacement sensor |
| CN101865665A (en) * | 2010-04-06 | 2010-10-20 | 西安金和光学科技有限公司 | Measurement device and method of optical fiber bending parameter |
| CN102278948B (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2012-12-26 | 重庆大学 | Compound optical fiber sensing monitoring system and method based on optical fiber compound sensing module |
| CN203084254U (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2013-07-24 | 中国水电顾问集团华东勘测设计研究院 | Strain sensing fiber and Brillouin optical sensing type continuous multipoint displacement meter |
| CN203083529U (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2013-07-24 | 中国水电顾问集团华东勘测设计研究院 | Brillouin optical sensing type continuous multi-point displacement meter measurement apparatus |
| WO2016090071A1 (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2016-06-09 | Apre Instruments, Llc | Interferometric non-contact optical probe and measurement |
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