CN108106324A - A kind of dynamic temperature, the temperature difference and Infinite Cyclic are without the fresh-keeping control system of ice - Google Patents
A kind of dynamic temperature, the temperature difference and Infinite Cyclic are without the fresh-keeping control system of ice Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108106324A CN108106324A CN201810098808.6A CN201810098808A CN108106324A CN 108106324 A CN108106324 A CN 108106324A CN 201810098808 A CN201810098808 A CN 201810098808A CN 108106324 A CN108106324 A CN 108106324A
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- temperature
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- refrigeration
- central processing
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- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000005452 food preservative Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000019249 food preservative Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000013622 meat product Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006266 hibernation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000505 pernicious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25D29/003—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for movable devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25D29/005—Mounting of control devices
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to food preservative technology fields, it is related to a kind of dynamic temperature, the temperature difference and Infinite Cyclic without the fresh-keeping control system of ice, including central processing unit, temperature sensor, air-cooled unit, direct air-cooling units, air exchange system, central processing unit is connected with temperature sensor, central processing unit is connected respectively by control circuit with air-cooled unit, direct air-cooling units and air exchange system, and the information that central processing unit is transmitted according to temperature sensor is differentiated and the working condition of air-cooled unit, direct air-cooling units, air exchange system is controlled by control circuit.The present invention will freeze to be combined with ventilation, realize that the temperature control of dynamic type and temperature, the temperature difference of Infinite Cyclic control by central processing unit, implement continual, Infinite Cyclic, effective heating, cooling control to product, the quality of product is effectively guaranteed, so as to reach its best fresh-keeping effect and purpose.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to food preservative technology fields, are related to a kind of fresh-keeping control system, are specifically a kind of dynamic temperature, the temperature difference
With Infinite Cyclic without the fresh-keeping control system of ice.
Background technology
At present, in the domestic market, the control method and preservation temperature of all freezing and refrigerations, generally use is all single
One, the control temperature model of fixed temperature value, that is, start refrigeration unit and temperature be reduced to a certain setting value, shut down, allow
Temperature is independently slowly raised setting value, restarts, and so cycles, achievees the purpose that fresh-keeping object freezing and refrigeration.Ordinary circumstance
Under, for processed fish meat products use fixed minimum refrigeration control temperature value be -18 DEG C, fruits and vegetables class product use it is fixed most
Low refrigeration control temperature value is 4 DEG C.The refrigeration control method of existing freezing and refrigeration has following defect：
1st, temperature reduce process do not monitored in real time, in the case of same freezing and refrigeration space, at a temperature of reduction of speed
Rate depends on the power of refrigeration unit, and power is bigger, and temperature reduction process is faster, conversely, power is smaller, temperature reduces process and gets over
Slowly, it is substantially moreover, shutting down temperature-rise period by autonomous slowly heating, heating speed depends on freezing and refrigeration space (such as refrigerator
Or refrigerator-freezer) seal degree, degree of thermal insulation etc..Do not implement dynamic temperature control, dynamic temperature management, dynamic temperature monitoring
All be a kind of fixed temperature value control Deng, product from dispatching from the factory product using terminal, a control on earth, until product obsolescence.
2nd, freezing and refrigeration temperature controlling value unification, the control temperature of the usual flesh of fish are generally -18 DEG C, fruits and vegetables class product control
Temperature value processed is generally 4 DEG C.Nutritional ingredient, moisture of fresh-keeping object (meat products or fruits and vegetables class product) etc. are easily lost in, quality
Also constantly changing, condition be deteriorated, the shelf-life it is short in addition also result in product moldy metamorphism and it is rotten phenomena such as.
3rd, fresh-keeping object (food) progressively loses its original freshness during freezing and refrigeration, and mouthfeel is also bad, product
There is no too many nutritive value, so as to strong influence fresh-keeping effect, fresh-keeping purpose of arriving.
Using the control model of existing freezing and refrigeration, the condition quality of nutritional quality, product to product, product it is additional
Value, the time of refrigeration of product, the temperature of refrigeration of product, the comprehensive quality etc. of the refrigerating fresh-keeping effect of product and product,
Will generate greatly influences, and has not adapted to the development in big logistics epoch now.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is provide a kind of dynamic temperature, the temperature difference and Infinite Cyclic without ice in view of the deficiencies of the prior art
Air-cooled and direct air-cooling units are combined by fresh-keeping control system, and air exchange system is combined under the monitoring of central processing unit, can implement to move
The living body freezing refrigeration to product is realized in the control of state temperature, dynamic temperature management, dynamic temperature monitoring, it is ensured that the nutrition of product,
Condition, mouthfeel etc. meet the requirement of consumer.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention：
A kind of dynamic temperature, the temperature difference and Infinite Cyclic are without the fresh-keeping control system of ice, including central processing unit, temperature sensing
Device, air-cooled unit, direct air-cooling units, air exchange system, central processing unit carry out related component according to dependent instruction and control strategy
Control ensures whole control system safety, coordinates, high-efficiency operation, and temperature sensor experiences freezing and refrigeration space (refrigerator, ice in real time
Cabinet, freezer etc.) temperature and be converted into usable output signal；Air-cooled unit and direct air-cooling units can be to freezing and refrigeration space systems
Cold cooling；The air of extraneous higher temperature can be input in freezing and refrigeration space by air exchange system, and will be in freezing and refrigeration space
Cold air discharge, realize the exchange of hot and cold air, make freezing and refrigeration interior volume temperature raise.Central processing unit and temperature sensing
Device connects, and central processing unit is connected respectively by control circuit with air-cooled unit, direct air-cooling units and air exchange system, central processing unit
The information transmitted according to temperature sensor is differentiated and controls air-cooled unit, direct air-cooling units, ventilation by control circuit
The working condition (start, shut down or adjustment output power) of system, to realize to the adjustment of the dynamic of freezing and refrigeration space temperature and
Control；
The central processing unit sets starting module, heating module and cooling module；
The starting module starts air-cooled unit by control circuit on startup and direct air-cooling units work, to freezing and refrigeration
Space refrigeration cools down, and (restriction of cooling extent should basis for the signal control cooling extent transmitted in real time according to temperature sensor
The property of fresh-keeping object determines that different types of its cooling extent of fresh-keeping object is also different.Control mode can be by controlling Air cooler
It organizes with the output power of direct air-cooling units to realize, output power is bigger, and cooling extent is bigger, and vice versa).Drop in temperature
Halt instruction is sent to air-cooled unit and direct air-cooling units during the minimum temperature of setting, and be delayed some, (period set period
Surely using this period of shutdown the central temperature of fresh-keeping object should can be made to be reduced to compared with low temperature depending on the property of fresh-keeping object
Degree) afterwards into heating module；
The heating module starts air exchange system after temperature drops to setting value and takes a breath, and implements to heat up, and according to
(foundation of increasing extent of temperature is identical with cooling extent for the signal control increasing extent of temperature that temperature sensor transmits in real time.Control mode can
To be realized by controlling the ventilation volume of air exchange system, ventilation volume is bigger, and increasing extent of temperature is bigger, and vice versa), air exchange system is adopted
It is taken a breath and (is shut down after a period of time that works, restart after shutting down a period of time) with the pattern worked intermittently, in temperature
Halt instruction is sent during the freezing and refrigeration maximum temperature for rising to setting to air exchange system, while enters cooling module.
The cooling module starts air-cooled unit and direct-cooled machine when temperature rises to the freezing and refrigeration maximum temperature of setting
Group work carries out refrigeration cool-down, and the signal transmitted in real time according to temperature sensor controls cooling extent, drops in temperature and sets
Halt instruction is sent to air-cooled unit and direct air-cooling units during fixed freezing and refrigeration minimum temperature, and is again introduced into heating module.
Preferably, cooling extent described herein for every 10 minutes cool down 7~8 DEG C, increasing extent of temperature for 1~2 DEG C/
Min, minimum temperature are -45 DEG C, and freezing and refrigeration minimum temperature is -35 DEG C, and freezing and refrigeration maximum temperature is -1 DEG C.Applied to fish,
The freeze preservation of the meat products such as meat or birds according to determining for the selection of temperature nodes and temperature rate, can make product
Cell is movable back and forth to " recovery " state by so-called " hibernation " state, it is ensured that the quality and quality of meat products, it is ensured that its
Freshness and mouthfeel.
Preferably, cooling extent described herein cooled down 4~5 DEG C for every 10 minutes, increasing extent of temperature is every 10 minutes
2~3 DEG C of heating, minimum temperature are 0 DEG C, and freezing and refrigeration minimum temperature is 0 DEG C, and freezing and refrigeration maximum temperature is 15 DEG C.It is applied to
Fruits and vegetables class product is fresh-keeping.
Preferably, different designing schemes may be employed in herein described air exchange system, common air exchange system includes
Supply fan, admission line, exhaust fan and discharge duct.
As a further improvement on the present invention, equipped with display, it is connected with central processing unit, it can be real-time by temperature sensor
The temperature of monitoring is shown over the display by central processing unit, can understand freezing and refrigeration temperature at any time.
The present invention will freeze to be combined with ventilation, and temperature control and the Infinite Cyclic of dynamic type are realized by central processing unit
Temperature, the temperature difference control, multiple module combination application, it is a variety of ventilation the period control, various control system automatically switch (Air cooler
Group, direct air-cooling units and air exchange system etc. mutually automatically switch), implement continual, Infinite Cyclic, effective rise to product
Temperature, cooling control, can effectively realize that the cell of product is movable back and forth to " recovery " state by " hibernation " state, not allow its albumen
Matter, nutrition, moisture are rapidly losing, and condition does not change, moreover, using air exchange system the pernicious gas in freezing and refrigeration space
(carbon dioxide etc.) is discharged, and replaces fresh air and oxygen, it is allowed to have and outdoor air environment, climatic environment, humidity ring
Freezing and refrigeration environment similar in the environment such as border, moisture environment, growing environment forms independent, natural freezing and refrigeration environment, has
The quality that ensure that product of effect, so as to reach its best fresh-keeping effect and purpose.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the present invention.
In figure：1st, temperature sensor；2nd, air-cooled unit；3rd, direct air-cooling units；4th, central processing unit；5th, air exchange system.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and by embodiment, but not as a limitation of the invention.
In the construction shown in fig. 1, a kind of dynamic temperature, the temperature difference and the Infinite Cyclic designed by the present invention are without the fresh-keeping control of ice
System processed, including central processing unit 4, temperature sensor 1, air-cooled unit 2, direct air-cooling units 3, air exchange system 5, central processing unit is set
It puts starting module, heating module and cooling module, central processing unit 4 to be connected with temperature sensor 1, central processing unit 4 leads to respectively
It crosses control circuit and is connected 5 with air-cooled unit 2, direct air-cooling units 3 and air exchange system, central processing unit is transmitted across according to temperature sensor
The information come is differentiated and the working condition of air-cooled unit, direct air-cooling units, air exchange system is controlled by control circuit.
It is different according to the property of fresh products, the items technical parameter when implementing the present invention, such as cooling extent, heating width
Degree, minimum temperature, freezing and refrigeration minimum temperature, freezing and refrigeration maximum temperature etc. are different from.
Embodiment one, for the fresh-keeping of meat products
It sets cooling extent as every 10 minutes to cool down 7~8 DEG C, increasing extent of temperature is 1~2 DEG C/min, and minimum temperature is -45
DEG C, freezing and refrigeration minimum temperature is -35 DEG C, and freezing and refrigeration maximum temperature is -1 DEG C.
During starting up, the starting module of central processing unit 4 starts air-cooled unit 2 and direct air-cooling units 3 by control circuit
Work cools down to freezing and refrigeration space refrigeration, and it is every 10 to control cooling extent according to the signal that temperature sensor 1 transmits in real time
7~8 DEG C of minute cooling sends air-cooled unit and direct air-cooling units when temperature drops to -45 DEG C halt instruction, and is delayed 30 points
Into heating module after clock.
Heating module starts air exchange system 5 and takes a breath, and implements heating, and the letter transmitted in real time according to temperature sensor 1
Number controlling increasing extent of temperature, air exchange system 5 is using the pattern worked intermittently for 1~2 DEG C/min：Ventilation is shut down after ten minutes, is shut down
Restart after ten minutes and take a breath.The module that heats up when temperature rises to -1 DEG C sends air exchange system halt instruction, simultaneously
Into cooling module.
Cooling module starts air-cooled unit and direct air-cooling units work, carries out refrigeration cool-down, and real-time according to temperature sensor
Signal every 10 minutes of the cooling extent of control transmitted cools down 7~8 DEG C, temperature drop to for -35 DEG C when to air-cooled unit and straight
Cold group sends halt instruction, and is again introduced into heating module.
It is embodiment two, fresh-keeping for fruits and vegetables class product
It sets cooling extent as every 10 minutes to cool down 4~5 DEG C, increasing extent of temperature heated up 2~3 DEG C for every 10 minutes, lowest temperature
It spends for 0 DEG C, freezing and refrigeration minimum temperature is 0 DEG C, and freezing and refrigeration maximum temperature is 15 DEG C.
During starting up, the starting module of central processing unit 4 starts air-cooled unit 2 and direct air-cooling units 3 by control circuit
Work cools down to freezing and refrigeration space refrigeration, and it is every 10 to control cooling extent according to the signal that temperature sensor 1 transmits in real time
4~5 DEG C of minute cooling sends air-cooled unit and direct air-cooling units when temperature drops to 0 DEG C halt instruction, and is delayed 30 minutes
Afterwards into heating module.
Heating module starts air exchange system 5 and takes a breath, and implements heating, and the letter transmitted in real time according to temperature sensor 1
Increasing extent of temperature number is controlled to heat up 2~3 DEG C for every 10 minutes, air exchange system 5 is using the pattern worked intermittently：Ventilation stops after ten minutes
Machine, shutdown is restarted after ten minutes takes a breath.The module that heats up when temperature rises to 15 DEG C sends shutdown to air exchange system and refers to
Order, while enter cooling module.
Cooling module starts air-cooled unit and direct air-cooling units work, carries out refrigeration cool-down, and real-time according to temperature sensor
Signal every 10 minutes of the cooling extent of control transmitted cools down 4~5 DEG C, temperature drop to for 0 DEG C when to air-cooled unit and direct-cooled
Unit sends halt instruction, and is again introduced into heating module.
The present invention monitors freezing and refrigeration temperature by temperature sensor in real time, by the heating module of central processing unit and cooling
Module mutually automatically switches, and realizes that air-cooled unit and direct air-cooling units and air exchange system etc. mutually automatically switch, between implementing not
Disconnected, Infinite Cyclic, effective heating, cooling control.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications
Also it should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of dynamic temperature, the temperature difference and Infinite Cyclic are without the fresh-keeping control system of ice, it is characterised in that：Including central processing unit,
Temperature sensor, air-cooled unit, direct air-cooling units, air exchange system, central processing unit are connected with temperature sensor, central processing unit point
It is not connected by control circuit with air-cooled unit, direct air-cooling units and air exchange system, central processing unit is transmitted according to temperature sensor
The information to come over is differentiated and the working condition of air-cooled unit, direct air-cooling units, air exchange system is controlled by control circuit, is realized
Dynamic adjustment and control to freezing and refrigeration space temperature；
The central processing unit sets starting module, heating module and cooling module；
The starting module starts air-cooled unit by control circuit on startup and direct air-cooling units work, and according to temperature sensing
The signal control cooling extent that device transmits in real time；When temperature drops to the minimum temperature of setting to air-cooled unit and direct air-cooling units
Halt instruction is sent, and into heating module after some period that is delayed；
The heating module starts air exchange system and takes a breath, and the signal control heating width transmitted in real time according to temperature sensor
Degree, air exchange system are taken a breath using the pattern that works intermittently, when temperature rises to the freezing and refrigeration maximum temperature of setting pair
Air exchange system sends halt instruction, while enters cooling module；
The cooling module starts air-cooled unit and direct air-cooling units work, and the signal transmitted in real time according to temperature sensor controls
Cooling extent, when temperature drops to the freezing and refrigeration minimum temperature of setting sending shutdown to air-cooled unit and direct air-cooling units refers to
Order, and it is again introduced into heating module.
2. control system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The cooling extent is cooling 7~8 in every 10 minutes
DEG C, increasing extent of temperature is 1~2 DEG C/min, and minimum temperature is -45 DEG C, and freezing and refrigeration minimum temperature is -35 DEG C, freezing and refrigeration highest
Temperature is -1 DEG C.
3. control system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The cooling extent is cooling 4~5 in every 10 minutes
DEG C, increasing extent of temperature heated up 2~3 DEG C for every 10 minutes, and minimum temperature is 0 DEG C, and freezing and refrigeration minimum temperature is 0 DEG C, freezing and refrigeration
Maximum temperature is 15 DEG C.
4. control system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The air exchange system include supply fan, admission line,
Exhaust fan and discharge duct.
5. control system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Equipped with display, it is connected with central processing unit.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810098808.6A CN108106324A (en) | 2018-01-31 | 2018-01-31 | A kind of dynamic temperature, the temperature difference and Infinite Cyclic are without the fresh-keeping control system of ice |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810098808.6A CN108106324A (en) | 2018-01-31 | 2018-01-31 | A kind of dynamic temperature, the temperature difference and Infinite Cyclic are without the fresh-keeping control system of ice |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108106324A true CN108106324A (en) | 2018-06-01 |
Family
ID=62221685
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810098808.6A Pending CN108106324A (en) | 2018-01-31 | 2018-01-31 | A kind of dynamic temperature, the temperature difference and Infinite Cyclic are without the fresh-keeping control system of ice |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108106324A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109289944A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-02-01 | 重庆英博实验仪器有限公司 | A kind of high-low-temperature testbox |
| CN112268406A (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-01-26 | 醉好科技运营(深圳)集团有限公司 | Temperature difference closed-loop infinite loop control method |
| CN112268400A (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-01-26 | 醉好科技运营(深圳)集团有限公司 | Wave band type ventilation system for adjusting gas content |
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| CN207831789U (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-09-07 | 王斌 | A kind of dynamic temperature, the temperature difference and Infinite Cyclic are without the fresh-keeping control system of ice |
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| JPH0510643A (en) * | 1991-07-03 | 1993-01-19 | Orion Mach Co Ltd | Method for cooling food material in cooling device |
| KR20130081976A (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2013-07-18 | 유태이 | System of the structure for cold storage |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109289944A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-02-01 | 重庆英博实验仪器有限公司 | A kind of high-low-temperature testbox |
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| CN112268400A (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-01-26 | 醉好科技运营(深圳)集团有限公司 | Wave band type ventilation system for adjusting gas content |
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Application publication date: 20180601 |