CN108104889B - Power generation system capable of improving heat energy conversion efficiency - Google Patents
Power generation system capable of improving heat energy conversion efficiency Download PDFInfo
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- CN108104889B CN108104889B CN201710670791.2A CN201710670791A CN108104889B CN 108104889 B CN108104889 B CN 108104889B CN 201710670791 A CN201710670791 A CN 201710670791A CN 108104889 B CN108104889 B CN 108104889B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/006—Auxiliaries or details not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
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- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
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Abstract
A power generation system for improving heat energy conversion efficiency, which belongs to the technical field of heat energy conversion power generation systems, can solve the problem of low thermal efficiency caused by waste of heat energy in the prior power generation system, comprises a heating circulation system and a heat energy conversion system, the heating circulation system is a heating and heat storage circulation system taking solar energy as a heat source or a heating circulation system taking natural gas or pulverized coal as heat source fuel, the heat energy conversion system comprises a heating circulation system, an expander, a regenerative heat exchanger, a cooler, a compressor and a generator, an outlet of the heating circulation system is connected with an inlet of the expander, an outlet of the expander is connected with an inlet of a high-temperature end of the regenerative heat exchanger, an outlet of a low-temperature end of the regenerative heat exchanger is connected with an inlet of the compressor through the cooler, an outlet of the compressor is connected with an inlet of a low-temperature end of the regenerative heat exchanger, and an outlet of a high-temperature end of the regenerative heat exchanger is connected with an inlet of. The invention improves the heat efficiency of the power generation system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat energy conversion power generation systems, and particularly relates to a power generation system for improving heat energy conversion efficiency.
Background
At present, the higher the pressure ratio of the brayton cycle, the higher the thermal conversion efficiency, which is actually not more than 35% at the highest, and is mostly only about 25% in the present theory. The reason is that the gas compressor consumes too much energy, i.e. the isothermal efficiency of the compressor is too low. The compressor used at present generally has a compression stage number of not more than 2 stages at a pressure ratio of about 2.0.
Rankine cycles are commonly used in thermal power plants. The Rankine cycle has no compressor, but because latent heat of vaporization cannot be utilized, the thermal efficiency is not high, the supercritical is 50%, the system cost is high, and most of the other parts are only about 35%. The internal combustion engine adopts an intermittent working mode, the pressure ratio is far lower than the expansion ratio, and the heat efficiency can reach 46%. But cannot be made large.
In general, the heat energy utilization rate is generally lower than 50%, which is equivalent to that most heat energy is wasted. Therefore, how to develop a power generation system for improving the heat energy conversion efficiency solves the technical problem of low heat efficiency caused by heat energy waste, and has important practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a power generation system for improving heat energy conversion efficiency, aiming at the problem of low heat efficiency caused by heat energy waste of the existing power generation system.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an improve power generation system of heat energy conversion efficiency, including heating cycle system and heat energy conversion system, wherein, heating cycle system is for the heating heat accumulation cycle system that uses solar energy as the heat source or uses the heating cycle system of natural gas or buggy as heat source fuel, heat energy conversion system includes heating cycle system, the expander, backheat heat exchanger, the cooler, compressor and generator, heating cycle system's export and the entry linkage of expander, the export of expander and the high temperature end entry linkage of backheat heat exchanger, the low temperature end export of backheat heat exchanger passes through the entry linkage of cooler and compressor, the export of compressor and the low temperature end entry linkage of backheat heat exchanger, the high temperature end export of backheat heat exchanger and heating cycle system's entry linkage.
The heating and heat storage circulating system with solar energy as a heat source comprises a heater, a heat accumulator and a high-temperature variable-frequency circulating fan, wherein the heat accumulator is divided into a high-temperature area, a medium-temperature area and a low-temperature area from top to bottom, an outlet of the heater is connected with an inlet of the high-temperature area, an outlet of the low-temperature area is connected with an inlet of the high-temperature variable-frequency circulating fan through a stop valve, an outlet of the high-temperature variable-frequency circulating fan is connected with an inlet of the heater, the medium-temperature area and the high-temperature area of the heat accumulator are respectively connected with inlets of an expander through a heat accumulator outlet regulating valve a and a heat accumulator outlet regulating valve b, a high-temperature end outlet of the regenerative heat exchanger is connected with the low-temperature area.
The heating circulation system using natural gas or pulverized coal as heat source fuel comprises a fuel pipeline, an air pipeline, a variable-frequency combustion fan, a variable-frequency draught fan and a heating furnace, wherein a heater is arranged in the heating furnace, a plurality of heat accumulating type burners are arranged at the bottom of the heating furnace, the air pipeline is connected with the variable-frequency combustion fan and the variable-frequency draught fan through an air and flue gas switching valve, and the fuel pipeline is connected with the heat accumulating type burners through a fuel regulating valve, a fuel switching valve and.
The solar energy is used as a heat source, is reflected to a heating tower through a reflector and a reflecting tower, the heating temperature is controlled to be 800-1000 ℃ by adjusting the circulating flow of a high-temperature variable-frequency circulating fan, when the temperature is above 800 ℃, electricity can be generated through a heat accumulator within 24 hours, and the heat efficiency of the system can reach more than 45%; when solar energy does not exist, the heating circulation system is closed through a stop valve; continuously generating power by utilizing the heat energy stored in the heat accumulator; controlling the heat energy conversion system to stop running by closing the heat accumulator outlet regulating valve a and the heat accumulator outlet regulating valve b;
the power generation system adopts stable gas as a medium, the gas medium is pressurized by the compressor, then the gas medium is recycled by the regenerative heat exchanger to exhaust heat of the expander, then the gas medium enters the heat accumulator to absorb heat of a heat source, the temperature is raised to a specified temperature, mechanical energy is output outwards by expansion of the expander, the gas medium is cooled, the heat is released by the regenerative heat exchanger, and then the gas medium is further cooled by the cooler and then enters the compressor to start the next cycle.
The method comprises the following steps that heat source fuel is used as a heat source, a heating furnace provides the heat source for a heater, a variable-frequency combustion fan provides air required by combustion, a variable-frequency draught fan exhausts flue gas out of a system, heat accumulating type burners alternately combust and exhaust the flue gas, the temperature of the heating furnace is 1200-1250 ℃, the temperature of the exhaust gas is within 120 ℃, and when the temperature of the heat source is 1200 ℃, the thermal efficiency of the system can reach 65%;
the power generation system adopts stable gas as a medium, the gas medium is pressurized by the compressor, then the gas medium is recycled by the regenerative heat exchanger to recover exhaust heat of the expander, then the gas medium enters the heat source heater to absorb heat of the heat source, the temperature is raised to a specified temperature, mechanical energy is output outwards by expansion of the expander, the gas medium is cooled, the heat is released by the regenerative heat exchanger, the gas medium is further cooled by the cooler, and then the gas medium enters the compressor to start the next cycle.
The heat accumulator adopts stones or other heat accumulators to accumulate heat, the temperature/pressure of a high-temperature region of heat accumulation is 800-900 ℃/1.8-2.5 MPa, the temperature/pressure of a medium-temperature region is 700-800 ℃/1.8-2.5 MPa, and the temperature/pressure of a low-temperature region is 600-700 ℃/1.8-2.5 MPa.
The temperature/pressure of the inlet end of the expander in the power generation system taking the solar energy as the heat source is 800-900 ℃/1.8-2.5 MPa, and the temperature/pressure of the outlet end of the expander is 640-700 ℃/0.92-1.25 MPa; the temperature/pressure of the inlet end of the expander in the power generation system taking the heat source fuel as the heat source is 800-1500 ℃/1.8-2.5 MPa, and the temperature/pressure of the outlet end of the expander is 640-800 ℃/0.92-1.25 MPa.
The inlet temperature/pressure of the cooler is 45-60 ℃/0.9-1.25 MPa, and the outlet temperature/pressure is 25-30 ℃/0.9-1.25 MPa; the outlet end temperature/pressure of the compressor is 45-60 ℃/0.9-1.25 MPa, the compressor adopts a centrifugal compressor, the pressure ratio is 1.5-2.5, the cooling stages are 3-4 for compression, the last stage is not cooled, and the rest stages are cooled.
The expander, the compressor and the generator are connected through a gearbox to transmit power. The air compressor is used for boosting before starting the system and supplementing air when a medium leaks, and the expansion machine and the compressor are located on the same horizontal line.
An air compressor and a one-way valve are arranged between the outlet of the low temperature end of the regenerative heat exchanger and the cooler.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention improves the isothermal efficiency of the compressor by reducing the pressure ratio/increasing the cooling stages, so that the isothermal efficiency of the prior compressor is improved from 60 percent to 80 percent. Because of the low pressure ratio and the high exhaust temperature of the expander, a high-efficiency heat exchanger must be adopted to recover the heat. Because the regenerative heat exchanger for recovering heat is adopted, the gas medium cannot absorb low-temperature heat, and if the heat source is a fuel type heat source (such as natural gas/pulverized coal), a heat accumulating type combustion mode is required to be adopted so as to improve the heat efficiency of the heat source. And closed circulation is adopted, and meanwhile, the pressure of the control system cannot be too low, so that the operation stability of a large-scale power generation system is realized, and the heat energy conversion efficiency is greatly improved. The power consumption ratio in the compression process is reduced by the low compression ratio and the approximate isothermal compression of the whole system, so that the thermal efficiency of the system is improved from below 50% to above 60%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a thermal process flow diagram of a power generation system using solar energy as a heat source according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the thermal process of the power generation system using heat source fuel as the heat source according to the present invention;
wherein: 1-sunlight; 2-a primary mirror; 3-a secondary mirror; 4-a heater; 5-high temperature frequency conversion circulating fan; 6-a shut-off valve; 7-a regenerator; 8-regenerator outlet regulating valve a; 9-regenerator outlet regulating valve b; 10-an expander; 11-a regenerative heat exchanger; 12-a cooler; 13-a compressor; 14-a gearbox; 15-a generator; 16-an air compressor; 17-a one-way valve; 18-variable frequency combustion fan; 19-frequency conversion draught fan; 20-a fuel switching valve; 21-air smoke switching valve; 22-fuel regulating valve; 23-heating furnace; 24-regenerative burner.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1, as shown in fig. 1, the direction of the arrow in the figure is the medium flow direction. Solar energy is focused on a heater through a mirror field formed by a primary reflector and a secondary reflector, the solar energy is reflected to the heater 4 positioned on the ground by adopting a plurality of secondary reflecting towers, the maximum heating temperature can be controlled to be 800-1000 ℃ by adjusting the circulating flow of a high-temperature variable-frequency circulating fan 5, when the temperature of a heat source is above 800 ℃, a heat accumulator 7 (adopting stones or other cheap heat accumulators for heat accumulation) with proper size can ensure that power can be generated within 24 hours in one day, and the heat efficiency of the system can reach more than 45%; when solar energy does not exist, the heating circulation system is closed through the stop valve 6; the heat energy stored in the heat accumulator 7 is utilized to continuously generate electricity; the thermal energy conversion system is controlled to stop running by closing the regenerator outlet regulating valve a8 and the regenerator outlet regulating valve b 9.
The system adopts stable gas as a medium, the gas medium (air/nitrogen/carbon dioxide and the like) is pressurized by a compressor 13 (the optimal pressure ratio is 1.5-2.5, and the optimal cooling stage number is 3-4), the exhaust heat of an expander 10 is recovered by a regenerative heat exchanger 11 (a high-efficiency plate type), the exhaust heat enters a heat source heater (or a heat accumulator) to absorb the heat of the heat source, the temperature is raised to a specified temperature, mechanical energy is output outwards by expansion of the expander 10 (generally with a generator 15 or the compressor 13), the gas medium is cooled, the heat is released by the regenerative heat exchanger 11, the temperature is further reduced by a cooler 12, and then the gas enters the next cycle (namely enters the compressor). Optimal economic pressure of the low-pressure side of the system: 0.6 to 1.5 MPa.
Example 2, as shown in fig. 2, the heating system was set up with natural gas or pulverized coal as the fuel heat source. The heating system provides a heat source to the heater. The fuel switching valve 20 and the regenerative burner 24 may be arranged in plurality. The variable frequency combustion fan 18 provides air required for combustion. The frequency conversion draught fan 19 discharges the flue gas out of the system. The regenerative burners 24 alternately burn and discharge smoke. The optimal furnace temperature of the heating furnace 23 is 1200-1250 ℃. The temperature of the discharged smoke can be controlled within 120 ℃. When the heat source temperature is 1200 ℃, the system thermal efficiency can reach 65%. When the temperature of the heat source exceeds 1300 c, the cost of the system becomes too high, and the economical efficiency is lowered while the thermal efficiency is improved.
The system adopts stable gas as a medium, the gas medium (air/nitrogen/carbon dioxide and the like) is pressurized by a compressor 13 (the optimal pressure ratio is 1.5-2.5, and the optimal cooling stage number is 3-4), the exhaust heat of an expander 10 is recovered by a regenerative heat exchanger 11 (a high-efficiency plate type), the exhaust heat enters a heat source heater to absorb the heat of the heat source, the temperature is raised to a specified temperature, mechanical energy (usually with a generator or a compressor) is output outwards by expansion of the expander 10, the gas medium is cooled, the heat is released by the regenerative heat exchanger 11, the temperature is further reduced by a cooler 12, and then the next cycle (namely entering the compressor) is carried out. Optimal economic pressure of the low-pressure side of the system: 0.6 to 1.5 MPa.
The above description is not meant to be limiting, it being noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, additions and substitutions can be made without departing from the true scope of the invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A power generation system for improving heat energy conversion efficiency comprises a heating circulation system and a heat energy conversion system, the heating cycle system is a heating and heat storage cycle system taking solar energy as a heat source or a heating cycle system taking natural gas or pulverized coal as heat source fuel, the heat energy conversion system comprises a heating cycle system, an expander (10), a regenerative heat exchanger (11), a cooler (12), a compressor (13) and a generator (15), an outlet of the heating cycle system is connected with an inlet of the expander (10), an outlet of the expander (10) is connected with an inlet of a high-temperature end of the regenerative heat exchanger (11), an outlet of a low-temperature end of the regenerative heat exchanger (11) is connected with an inlet of the compressor (13) through the cooler (12), an outlet of the compressor (13) is connected with an inlet of the low-temperature end of the regenerative heat exchanger (11), and an outlet of the high-temperature end of the regenerative heat exchanger (11) is connected with an inlet of the heating cycle system; the method is characterized in that: the heating and heat storage circulating system with solar energy as a heat source comprises a heater (4), a heat accumulator (7) and a high-temperature variable-frequency circulating fan (5), wherein the heat accumulator (7) is divided into a high-temperature area, a medium-temperature area and a low-temperature area from top to bottom, an outlet of the heater (4) is connected with an inlet of the high-temperature area, an outlet of the low-temperature area is connected with an inlet of the high-temperature variable-frequency circulating fan (5) through a stop valve (6), an outlet of the high-temperature variable-frequency circulating fan (5) is connected with an inlet of the heater (4), the medium-temperature area and the high-temperature area of the heat accumulator (7) are respectively connected with inlets of an expander (10) through a heat accumulator outlet regulating valve a (8) and a heat accumulator outlet regulating valve b (9), and; the solar energy is used as a heat source, is reflected to a heating tower through a reflector and a reflecting tower, the heating temperature is controlled to be 800-1000 ℃ by adjusting the circulating flow of a high-temperature variable-frequency circulating fan (5), when the temperature is above 800 ℃, electricity can be generated through a heat accumulator (7) within 24 hours, and the heat efficiency of the system can reach above 45%; when solar energy does not exist, the heating circulation system is closed through a stop valve (6); the heat energy stored in the heat accumulator (7) is utilized to continuously generate electricity; controlling the thermal energy conversion system to stop running by closing the heat accumulator outlet regulating valve a (8) and the heat accumulator outlet regulating valve b (9);
the power generation system adopts stable gas as a medium, the gas medium is pressurized by a compressor (13), the exhaust heat of an expander (10) is recovered by a regenerative heat exchanger (11), then the gas medium enters a heat accumulator (7) to absorb heat of a heat source, the temperature is raised to a specified temperature, mechanical energy is output outwards by expansion of the expander (10), the gas medium is cooled, the heat is released by the regenerative heat exchanger (11), the gas medium is further cooled by a cooler (12), and then the gas medium enters the compressor (13) to start the next cycle; the heat accumulator (7) adopts stones or other heat accumulators to accumulate heat, the temperature/pressure of a high-temperature region of the heat accumulator is 800-900 ℃/1.8-2.5 MPa, the temperature/pressure of a medium-temperature region is 700-800 ℃/1.8-2.5 MPa, and the temperature/pressure of a low-temperature region is 600-700 ℃/1.8-2.5 MPa.
2. A power generation system for increasing thermal energy conversion efficiency according to claim 1, wherein: the heating circulation system with natural gas or pulverized coal as heat source fuel comprises a fuel pipeline, an air pipeline, a variable-frequency combustion-supporting fan (18), a variable-frequency induced draft fan (19) and a heating furnace (23), wherein a heater (4) is arranged in the heating furnace (23), a plurality of heat accumulating type burners (24) are arranged at the bottom of the heating furnace (23), the air pipeline is connected with the variable-frequency combustion-supporting fan (18) and the variable-frequency induced draft fan (19) through an air and flue gas switching valve (21), and the fuel pipeline is connected with the heat accumulating type burners (24) through a fuel regulating valve (22) and.
3. A power generation system for increasing thermal energy conversion efficiency according to claim 2, wherein: the method comprises the following steps that heat source fuel is used as a heat source, a heating furnace provides the heat source for a heater, a variable-frequency combustion fan (18) provides air required by combustion, a variable-frequency draught fan (19) discharges flue gas out of a system, a heat accumulating type burner (24) alternately combusts and discharges the flue gas, the furnace temperature of the heating furnace (23) is 1200-1250 ℃, the temperature of the discharged flue gas is within 120 ℃, and when the temperature of the heat source is 1200 ℃, the thermal efficiency of the system can reach 65%;
the power generation system adopts stable gas as a medium, the gas medium is pressurized by a compressor (13), the exhaust heat of an expander (10) is recovered by a regenerative heat exchanger (11), then the gas enters a heat source heater (4) to absorb the heat of a heat source, the temperature is raised to a specified temperature, mechanical energy is output outwards by expansion of the expander (10), the gas medium is cooled, the heat is released by the regenerative heat exchanger (11), the temperature is further reduced by a cooler (12), and then the gas enters the compressor (13) to start the next cycle.
4. A power generation system for increasing thermal energy conversion efficiency according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature/pressure of the inlet end of the expander (10) in the power generation system taking the solar energy as the heat source is 800-900 ℃/1.8-2.5 MPa, and the temperature/pressure of the outlet end of the expander (10) is 640-700 ℃/0.92-1.25 MPa; the temperature/pressure of the inlet end of the expander (10) in the power generation system using the heat source fuel as the heat source is 800-1500 ℃/1.8-2.5 MPa, and the temperature/pressure of the outlet end of the expander (10) is 640-800 ℃/0.92-1.25 MPa.
5. A power generation system for increasing thermal energy conversion efficiency according to claim 1, wherein: the inlet end temperature/pressure of the cooler (12) is 45-60 ℃/0.9-1.25 MPa, and the outlet end temperature/pressure is 25-30 ℃/0.9-1.25 MPa; the temperature/pressure of the outlet end of the compressor (13) is 45-60 ℃/0.9-1.25 MPa, the compressor (13) adopts a centrifugal compressor, the pressure ratio is 1.5-2.5, the cooling stages are 3-4 for compression, the last stage is not cooled, and the rest stages are cooled.
6. A power generation system for increasing thermal energy conversion efficiency according to claim 1, wherein: the expansion machine (10), the compressor (13) and the generator (15) are connected through a gearbox (14), and the expansion machine (10) and the compressor (13) are located on the same horizontal line.
7. A power generation system for increasing thermal energy conversion efficiency according to claim 1, wherein: an air compressor (16) and a one-way valve (17) are arranged between the outlet of the low-temperature end of the regenerative heat exchanger (11) and the cooler (12).
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