CN108104795A - A kind of real time early warning method of casing wear risk - Google Patents
A kind of real time early warning method of casing wear risk Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 231100000817 safety factor Toxicity 0.000 claims description 58
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
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Abstract
本发明属于油气井建井安全领域，具体涉及一种套管磨损风险的实时预警方法。其特征在于：首先通过计算选取钻杆接头与套管间的最大侧向力，利用钻速方程，确定磨损时间，求取套管的磨损面积与深度；然后求出套管剩余抗内压强度和剩余抗挤强度，计算套管剩余抗内压安全系数和剩余抗挤安全系数，根据得到的套管剩余抗内压安全系数和剩余抗挤安全系数划分风险等级；最后根据风险等级来确定套管磨损情况并进行实时预警。该发明的优点在于：可根据井眼轨迹，计算出套管在磨损风险最大位置处的磨损深度；可对当前已钻和待钻井眼中套管的磨损量进行预评估，便于后期采取套管防护措施。
The invention belongs to the field of oil and gas well construction safety, and in particular relates to a real-time early warning method for casing wear risk. It is characterized in that: firstly, the maximum lateral force between the drill pipe joint and the casing is selected by calculation, and the wear time is determined by using the drilling speed equation, and the wear area and depth of the casing are obtained; then, the remaining internal pressure resistance strength of the casing is obtained and residual anti-collapse strength, calculate the remaining internal pressure safety factor and residual anti-extrusion safety factor of the casing, and divide the risk level according to the obtained casing residual internal pressure safety factor and remaining anti-extrusion safety factor; finally determine the casing according to the risk level Pipe wear and real-time early warning. The advantage of the invention is that: the wear depth of the casing at the position with the greatest wear risk can be calculated according to the wellbore trajectory; the wear amount of the casing in the currently drilled and to-be-drilled wellbore can be pre-evaluated, which is convenient for later casing protection measure.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于油气井建井安全领域，具体涉及一种套管磨损风险的实时预警方法。The invention belongs to the field of oil and gas well construction safety, and in particular relates to a real-time early warning method for casing wear risk.
背景技术Background technique
在深井、超深井、大斜度井、水平井等钻探过程中，日益暴露出套管磨损问题。磨损可使套管壁厚减薄，一定条件下可造成套管变形、甚至破坏，从而降低套管抗挤强度和抗内压强度，降低了套管抗挤抗压的安全系数，以致不能保证后续作业生产安全。During the drilling process of deep wells, ultra-deep wells, highly deviated wells, and horizontal wells, the problem of casing wear is increasingly exposed. Abrasion can reduce the wall thickness of the casing, and under certain conditions, it can cause deformation or even destruction of the casing, thereby reducing the crush resistance and internal pressure strength of the casing, and reducing the safety factor of the casing against extrusion and compression, so that it cannot be guaranteed Subsequent operation production safety.
目前，发明专利“一种石油套管磨损自动检测系统”(申请公布号：CN 101603418A)通过实时监测设备，收集和分析循环钻井液中磁性磨屑量来检测套管磨损状况。而钻井过程中，套管与钻杆接触应力最大处的磨损程度最严重，该处是发生磨损失效的危险点，但该系统无法确定钻杆与套管接触应力最大的部位，同样只能根据磨屑量来评估进尺井段套管的磨损总量，不能识别出磨损的危险点，未能对钻井作业安全进行准确指导。另有发明专利“估计套管磨损”(申请公布号：CN 105473807 A)通过用摄像机捕获钻井中泥浆振动筛上的钻屑和套管磨粒的影像，并用计算机识别，进而估算出进尺井段套管磨损的总体积。但CN105473807 A的技术方案统计分析的是返回铁屑的总和，得出套管磨损的总体积，仅能反映进尺井段套管磨损的平均程度，故无法得出危险点处的磨损深度，难于合理指导套管磨损风险井的安全钻井作业。At present, the invention patent "An automatic detection system for petroleum casing wear" (application publication number: CN 101603418A) detects the casing wear condition by collecting and analyzing the amount of magnetic wear debris in the circulating drilling fluid through real-time monitoring equipment. During the drilling process, the wear degree is the most serious at the point where the casing and the drill pipe have the highest contact stress, which is a dangerous point for wear and failure. However, the system cannot determine the point where the drill The amount of debris used to evaluate the total amount of casing wear in the footage section cannot identify the dangerous points of wear and fail to provide accurate guidance for drilling safety. Another invention patent "estimating casing wear" (application publication number: CN 105473807 A) uses a camera to capture the images of cuttings and casing abrasive particles on the shale shaker during drilling, and uses a computer to identify them, thereby estimating the footage of the well section The total volume of casing wear. But what the statistical analysis of the technical scheme of CN105473807 A is the summation of returned iron filings, draws the total volume of casing wear, can only reflect the average degree of casing wear of footage well section, so can't draw the wear depth at dangerous point place, is difficult to Reasonably guide the safe drilling operation of wells with casing wear risk.
为确保复杂井况下油气井套管的安全服役，套管磨损风险预警就显得尤为关键，因此发明一种套管磨损风险的实时预警方法是很有必要的。In order to ensure the safe service of oil and gas well casing under complex well conditions, early warning of casing wear risk is particularly critical. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a real-time early warning method for casing wear risk.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于，提供一种套管磨损风险的实时预警方法，解决套管磨损后由于强度降低所面临的风险预警问题；The purpose of the present invention is to provide a real-time early warning method for casing wear risk, which solves the risk early warning problem faced by the casing wear due to the decrease in strength;
本发明采用以下技术方案，一种套管磨损风险的实时预警方法，其特征在于，首先通过计算选取钻杆接头与套管间的最大侧向力，利用钻速方程，确定磨损时间，求取套管的磨损面积与深度；然后求出套管剩余抗内压强度和剩余抗挤强度，计算套管剩余抗内压安全系数和剩余抗挤安全系数，根据得到的套管剩余抗内压安全系数和剩余抗挤安全系数划分风险等级；最后根据风险等级来确定套管磨损情况并进行实时预警；具体步骤如下：The present invention adopts the following technical scheme, a real-time early warning method for casing wear risk, which is characterized in that, firstly, the maximum lateral force between the drill pipe joint and the casing is selected through calculation, and the wear time is determined by using the penetration rate equation, and the The wear area and depth of the casing; then calculate the casing’s residual internal pressure resistance and residual crushing strength, and calculate the casing’s remaining internal pressure safety factor and residual crushing safety factor. The risk level is divided by the factor and the remaining anti-collapse safety factor; finally, the casing wear condition is determined according to the risk level and a real-time early warning is given; the specific steps are as follows:
步骤1：根据井身轨迹和钻柱结构，分段求取钻杆接头与套管间侧向力，记为F＝F1，F2，…Fi，…Fn，并取最大的侧向力，记为Fmax，其中，Fi算式为(1)；Step 1: Calculate the lateral force between the drill pipe joint and the casing in sections according to the well trajectory and drill string structure, denoted as F=F 1 , F 2 ,...F i ,...F n , and take the largest lateral force Axial force, denoted as F max , where, the formula of F i is (1);
其中：in:
其中：in:
Kb＝1-γn/γt (3)K b =1-γ n /γ t (3)
式中：Fi为套管与钻杆间的侧向力(N)，ρ为井眼曲率半径(m)，de为钻杆接头外径(mm)，di为套管内径(mm)，Z为计算系数，e为常数(取2.718)，μ为套管与钻杆接头的摩擦系数，L为井深(m)，βi为井斜角(弧度)，q为钻柱线重(N/m)，β0为最大井斜角(弧度)，Kb为浮力系数，Lt为井斜开始点至井口的高度(m)，γn为钻井液密度(kg/m3)，γt为套管密度(kg/m3)；In the formula: F i is the lateral force between the casing and the drill pipe (N), ρ is the radius of curvature of the borehole (m), d e is the outer diameter of the drill pipe joint (mm), and d i is the inner diameter of the casing (mm ), Z is the calculation coefficient, e is a constant (take 2.718), μ is the friction coefficient between the casing and the drill pipe joint, L is the well depth (m), β i is the inclination angle (radian), and q is the line weight of the drill string (N/m), β 0 is the maximum inclination angle (radian), K b is the buoyancy coefficient, L t is the height from the start point of the well inclination to the well head (m), γ n is the drilling fluid density (kg/m 3 ) , γ t is casing density (kg/m 3 );
步骤2：确定钻杆接头与套管的磨损时间T，其算式为(4)；Step 2: Determine the wear time T of the drill pipe joint and the casing, the formula is (4);
T＝T1+T2 (4)T=T 1 +T 2 (4)
其中：in:
ri＝f(X1i,X2i,X3i，X4i，X5i) (6)r i =f(X 1i ,X 2i ,X 3i ,X 4i ,X 5i ) (6)
式中：T为钻杆接头与套管的磨损时间(h)，T1为已发生磨损的时间(h)，通过井史数据资料获取，T2为预计磨损时间(h)，n为即将钻遇地层的分段数，Li为第i段地层中的钻头进尺(m)，ri为第i段地层中的机械钻速(m/h)，与多种因素有关，f为第i段地层中机械钻速与钻井工艺参数之间的关系，X1i为第i段地层中岩层特性对机械钻速的影响，X2i为第i段地层中井深对机械钻速的影响，X3i为第i段地层中井底压差对机械钻速的影响，X4i为第i段地层中机械参数对机械钻速的影响，X5i为第i段地层中水力参数对机械钻速的影响；In the formula: T is the wear time (h) of the drill pipe joint and the casing, T1 is the wear time (h), which is obtained from the well history data, T2 is the expected wear time (h), and n is the upcoming wear time (h). The number of sections drilled in the formation, L i is the drill bit footage (m) in the i-th formation, ri is the ROP (m/h) in the i-th formation, which is related to many factors, and f is the The relationship between the ROP and the drilling process parameters in the i-th formation, X 1i is the influence of the rock formation properties in the i-th formation on the ROP, X 2i is the influence of the well depth in the i-th formation on the ROP, X 3i is the effect of bottom hole pressure difference on ROP in formation i, X 4i is the influence of mechanical parameters on ROP in formation i, X 5i is the influence of hydraulic parameters on ROP in formation i ;
步骤3：求取套管磨损面积S，其算式为(7)；Step 3: Find the casing wear area S, the formula is (7);
其中：in:
Lw＝0.001ntde (8)L w ＝0.001n t d e (8)
nt＝60NT (9)n t =60NT (9)
式中：S为套管磨损面积(mm2)，E为磨损效率，μ为套管与钻杆接头的摩擦系数，Fmax为钻杆接头与套管间的最大侧向力(N)，Lw为钻柱与套管间的相对运动累计路程(m)，H为布氏硬度(N/m2)，nt为钻柱转动次数，de为钻杆接头外径(mm)，N为钻柱转速(r/h)，T为钻杆接头与套管的磨损时间(h)；In the formula: S is the casing wear area (mm 2 ), E is the wear efficiency, μ is the friction coefficient between the casing and the drill pipe joint, F max is the maximum lateral force between the drill pipe joint and the casing (N), L w is the cumulative distance of relative movement between the drill string and the casing (m), H is the Brinell hardness (N/m 2 ), n t is the number of rotations of the drill string, d e is the outer diameter of the drill pipe joint (mm), N is the rotational speed of the drill string (r/h), and T is the wear time of the drill pipe joint and casing (h);
步骤4：利用公式(10)求取套管偏磨深度c1；Step 4: Use the formula (10) to calculate the casing eccentric wear depth c 1 ;
c1＝k-(di-de) (10)c 1 ＝k-(d i -d e ) (10)
其中：in:
式中：c1为套管偏磨深度(mm)，k为钻杆接头的轴线与套管轴线的距离(mm)，di为套管内径(mm)，de为钻杆接头外径(mm)，S为套管磨损面积(mm2)，x1和x2为套管磨损截面上的两圆交点的横坐标；In the formula: c 1 is the casing eccentric wear depth (mm), k is the distance between the axis of the drill pipe joint and the casing axis (mm), d i is the inner diameter of the casing (mm), d e is the outer diameter of the drill pipe joint (mm), S is the casing wear area (mm 2 ), x1 and x2 are the abscissas of the intersection of two circles on the casing wear section;
步骤5：利用公式(12)求取磨损套管的剩余抗挤强度Pcw；Step 5: use formula (12) to obtain the remaining crush resistance P cw of the worn casing;
其中：in:
λ＝0.127δ+0.0039η-0.440(Prs/Pfy) (15)λ＝0.127δ+0.0039η-0.440(P rs /P fy ) (15)
式中：Pcw为磨损套管的剩余抗挤强度(MPa)，P1为套管的弹性挤毁压力(MPa)，P2为套管的弹塑性屈服挤毁压力(MPa)，λ为套管的制造缺陷影响因子(普通级套管λ取0.21～0.23，高抗挤套管λ取0.17～0.175，高抗挤抗硫套管λ取0.125～0.130)，c为套管壁厚(mm)，c1为套管磨损深度(mm)，Ke为套管弹性常数折减系数(J55、K55和所有抗硫钢，Ke取0.9；N80、P110和Q125，Ke取1.0)，E为杨氏模量(2.0×105～2.1×105MPa)，ν为泊松比(0.2～0.3)，d为套管外径(mm)，Ky为套管屈服强度折减系数(对J55、K55、N80和所有抗硫钢，Ky＝0.85)，Pmin为套管最小屈服强度(MPa)，δ为套管内壁不圆度，η为套管壁厚不均度，Prs为套管残余应力(MPa)，Pfy为套管的实际屈服强度(MPa)；In the formula: P cw is the remaining crushing strength of the worn casing (MPa), P 1 is the elastic collapse pressure (MPa) of the casing, P 2 is the elastic-plastic yield collapse pressure (MPa) of the casing, and λ is Factors affecting manufacturing defects of casing (normal-grade casing λ is 0.21-0.23, high-shrink-resistant casing λ is 0.17-0.175, high-shrink-resistant sulfur casing λ is 0.125-0.130), and c is casing wall thickness ( mm), c 1 is casing wear depth (mm), K e is casing elastic constant reduction coefficient (J55, K55 and all sulfur-resistant steels, K e takes 0.9; N80, P110 and Q125, K e takes 1.0) , E is Young's modulus (2.0×10 5 ～2.1×10 5 MPa), ν is Poisson’s ratio (0.2～0.3), d is casing outer diameter (mm), K y is casing yield strength reduction Coefficient (for J55, K55, N80 and all sulfur-resistant steels, K y =0.85), P min is the minimum yield strength of the casing (MPa), δ is the out-of-roundness of the inner wall of the casing, and η is the unevenness of the wall thickness of the casing , P rs is casing residual stress (MPa), P fy is casing actual yield strength (MPa);
步骤6：将步骤5中磨损套管的剩余抗挤强度Pcw代入公式(18)中计算出套管的抗挤安全系数kcw，其算式为(19)；Step 6: Substituting the remaining anti-collapse strength P cw of the worn casing in step 5 into the formula (18) to calculate the anti-collapse safety factor k cw of the casing, the formula is (19);
kcw＝Pcw/P设外 (18)k cw ＝P cw /P outside (18)
式中：kcw为套管的抗挤安全系数，Pcw为磨损套管的剩余抗挤强度(MPa)，P设外为套管的设计外压载荷(MPa)，P1为套管的弹性挤毁压力(MPa)，P2为套管的弹塑性屈服挤毁压力(MPa)，λ为套管的制造缺陷影响因子(普通级套管λ取0.21～0.23，高抗挤套管λ取0.17～0.175，高抗挤抗硫套管λ取0.125～0.130)；In the formula: kcw is the anti-collapse safety factor of the casing, Pcw is the remaining anti-collapse strength (MPa) of the worn casing, P is the design external pressure load (MPa) of the casing, P1 is the Elastic collapse pressure (MPa), P 2 is the elastic-plastic yield collapse pressure (MPa) of the casing, λ is the influence factor of the manufacturing defect of the casing (the ordinary grade casing λ takes 0.21~0.23, and the high anti-collapse casing λ Take 0.17~0.175, high anti-collapse anti-sulfur casing λ takes 0.125~0.130);
步骤7：将步骤4中求取的套管偏磨深度c1代入到公式(20)中，得到磨损套管的剩余抗内压强度Piw；Step 7: Substituting the casing eccentric wear depth c 1 obtained in step 4 into the formula (20) to obtain the remaining internal pressure resistance P iw of the worn casing;
其中：in:
b＝0.1693-1.1774×10-4Pmin (21)b＝0.1693-1.1774×10 -4 P min (21)
式中：Piw为磨损套管的剩余抗内压强度(MPa)，Pmin为套管最小屈服强度(MPa)，c为套管壁厚(mm)，c1为套管偏磨深度(mm)，d为套管外径(mm)，a为内压强度系数(调质和13Cr材料套管取1.0，其他情况取2.0)，b为套管材料应力-应变强度硬化因子；In the formula: P iw is the remaining internal pressure resistance strength (MPa) of the worn casing, P min is the minimum yield strength (MPa) of the casing, c is the wall thickness of the casing (mm), and c1 is the eccentric wear depth of the casing ( mm), d is the outer diameter of the casing (mm), a is the internal pressure strength coefficient (1.0 for quenched and tempered and 13Cr material casings, 2.0 for other cases), and b is the stress-strain strength hardening factor of the casing material;
步骤8：将步骤7中磨损套管的剩余抗内压强度Piw代入公式(22)计算套管抗内压安全系数Kiw，其算式为(23)；Step 8: Substituting the remaining anti-internal pressure strength P iw of the worn casing in step 7 into the formula (22) to calculate the anti-internal pressure safety factor K iw of the casing, the formula is (23);
kiw＝Piw/P设内 (22)k iw ＝P iw / P (22)
其中：in:
b＝0.1693-1.1774×10-4Pmin (24)b＝0.1693-1.1774×10 -4 P min (24)
式中：kiw为套管的抗内压安全系数，Pmin为套管最小屈服强度(MPa)，d为套管外径(mm)，P设内为设计内压载荷(MPa)，Pμ为套管拉伸屈服强度(MPa)，c为套管壁厚(mm)，a为套管内压强度系数(调质和13Cr材料套管取1.0，其他情况取2.0)，c1为套管磨损深度(mm)，b为套管材料应力-应变强度硬化因子，d为套管外径(mm)；In the formula: k iw is the internal pressure safety factor of the casing, P min is the minimum yield strength of the casing (MPa), d is the outer diameter of the casing (mm), P is the design internal pressure load (MPa), and P μ is the tensile yield strength of the casing (MPa), c is the wall thickness of the casing (mm), a is the internal pressure strength coefficient of the casing (1.0 is taken for quenched and tempered casing and 13Cr material casing, and 2.0 is used for other cases), c1 is casing Tube wear depth (mm), b is the stress-strain strength hardening factor of the casing material, and d is the outer diameter of the casing (mm);
步骤9：以抗内压安全系数为套管风险等级图版的横坐标轴，抗外挤安全系数为套管风险等级图版的纵坐标轴；将套管抗内压安全系数大于1.15，抗挤安全系数大于1.05范围的套管风险等级划分为1级；将套管抗内压安全系数介于1.1～1.15，抗挤安全系数介于1.0～1.05范围的套管风险等级划分为2级；将套管抗内压安全系数小于1.1，抗挤安全系数小于1.0范围的套管风险等级划分为3级；从而绘制出磨损套管风险等级图版；Step 9: Take the anti-internal pressure safety factor as the abscissa axis of the casing risk level chart, and the anti-extrusion safety factor as the ordinate axis of the casing risk level chart; if the anti-internal pressure safety factor of the casing is greater than 1.15, the anti-collapse safety factor is greater than 1.15. Casing risk grades with coefficients greater than 1.05 are classified as Grade 1; casings with internal pressure safety factors ranging from 1.1 to 1.15 and anti-collapse safety factors ranging from 1.0 to 1.05 are classified as Grade 2; casings with The risk level of casings with internal pressure safety factor of less than 1.1 and anti-collapse safety factor of less than 1.0 is divided into 3 levels; thus the risk level chart of worn casings is drawn;
步骤10：将步骤6中所得的抗外挤安全系数和步骤8中所得的抗内压安全系数分别代入到步骤9绘制的图版中，确定磨损套管的风险等级；Step 10: Substitute the anti-extrusion safety factor obtained in step 6 and the anti-internal pressure safety factor obtained in step 8 into the chart drawn in step 9 to determine the risk level of the worn casing;
步骤11：依据划分的套管风险等级进行预警，根据风险等级确定套管防磨措施；若套管的风险等级为1级，则套管处于安全的服役状态；若套管的风险等级为2级，则套管有发生失效的风险，此时需要采取套管防磨措施；若套管的风险等级为3级，则套管发生磨损失效，需重新下入一层套管；Step 11: Carry out early warning according to the divided casing risk level, and determine casing anti-wear measures according to the risk level; if the risk level of the casing is level 1, the casing is in a safe service state; if the risk level of the casing is 2 If the risk level of the casing is 3, the casing will wear out and fail, and a new layer of casing needs to be lowered;
进一步的，根据权利要求1所述的一种套管磨损风险的实时预警方法，其特征在于：所述的磨损套管风险等级图版横坐标为磨损套管的抗内压安全系数，纵坐标为磨损套管的抗挤安全系数。Further, a real-time early warning method for casing wear risk according to claim 1, characterized in that: the abscissa of the risk level chart of the worn casing is the internal pressure resistance safety factor of the worn casing, and the ordinate is Collapse safety factor for worn casing.
本发明优点在于：The present invention has the advantage that:
(1)本发明根据实钻和待钻井眼轨迹，计算得出已钻或待钻条件下套管和钻柱的接触力(侧向力)最大工况点，从而找到套管磨损风险最大的位置，并计算出套管在危险点的磨损深度，克服了现有铁屑监测法只能评估出进尺井段套管磨损总量的缺点。(1) The present invention calculates the maximum operating point of the contact force (lateral force) between the casing and the drill string under the condition of being drilled or to be drilled according to the actual drilling and the trajectory of the wellbore to be drilled, so as to find the point with the greatest risk of casing wear position, and calculate the wear depth of the casing at the dangerous point, which overcomes the shortcoming that the existing iron filings monitoring method can only evaluate the total amount of casing wear in the well section.
(2)本发明可对当前已钻和待钻井眼中套管的磨损量进行预评估，为后期钻井施工留有足够余地，根据预警情况及时采取针对性的套管防护措施。(2) The present invention can pre-evaluate the wear amount of the casing in the currently drilled and to-be-drilled wellbore, leave enough room for the later drilling construction, and take targeted casing protection measures in time according to the early warning situation.
(3)本发明通过计算磨损量进一步评估出套管的剩余抗挤强度和抗内压强度，并确定安全系数，根据对应的安全图版，可对套管的服役可靠性进行预警，直接为井筒的安全管控提供依据。(3) The present invention further evaluates the residual crushing strength and internal pressure strength of the casing by calculating the amount of wear, and determines the safety factor. Provide a basis for security management and control.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的方法流程示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention.
图2是本发明划分套管的风险等级示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for dividing the risk level of casing.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明进行详细的描述。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
由图1和图2所示：一种套管磨损风险的实时预警方法，其特征在于，首先通过计算选取钻杆接头与套管间的最大侧向力，利用钻速方程，确定磨损时间，求取套管的磨损面积与深度；然后求出套管剩余抗内压强度和剩余抗挤强度，计算套管剩余抗内压安全系数和剩余抗挤安全系数，根据得到的套管剩余抗内压安全系数和剩余抗挤安全系数划分风险等级；最后根据风险等级来确定套管磨损情况并进行实时预警；具体步骤如下：As shown in Figures 1 and 2: a real-time early warning method for casing wear risk, which is characterized in that, firstly, the maximum lateral force between the drill pipe joint and the casing is selected by calculation, and the wear time is determined by using the penetration rate equation. Obtain the wear area and depth of the casing; then obtain the remaining internal pressure strength and residual crushing strength of the casing, calculate the remaining internal pressure safety factor and the remaining The risk level is divided according to the pressure safety factor and the remaining anti-extrusion safety factor; finally, the casing wear condition is determined according to the risk level and a real-time early warning is given; the specific steps are as follows:
步骤1：根据井身轨迹和钻柱结构，分段求取钻杆接头与套管间侧向力，记为F＝F1，F2，…Fi，…Fn，并取最大的侧向力，记为Fmax，其中，Fi算式为(1)；Step 1: Calculate the lateral force between the drill pipe joint and the casing in sections according to the well trajectory and drill string structure, denoted as F=F 1 , F 2 ,...F i ,...F n , and take the largest lateral force Axial force, denoted as F max , where, the formula of F i is (1);
其中：in:
其中：in:
Kb＝1-γn/γt (3)K b =1-γ n /γ t (3)
式中：Fi为套管与钻杆间的侧向力(N)，ρ为井眼曲率半径(m)，de为钻杆接头外径(mm)，di为套管内径(mm)，Z为计算系数，e为常数(取2.718)，μ为套管与钻杆接头的摩擦系数，L为井深(m)，βi为井斜角(弧度)，q为钻柱线重(N/m)，β0为最大井斜角(弧度)，Kb为浮力系数，Lt为井斜开始点至井口的高度(m)，γn为钻井液密度(kg/m3)，γt为套管密度(kg/m3)；In the formula: F i is the lateral force between the casing and the drill pipe (N), ρ is the radius of curvature of the borehole (m), d e is the outer diameter of the drill pipe joint (mm), and d i is the inner diameter of the casing (mm ), Z is the calculation coefficient, e is a constant (take 2.718), μ is the friction coefficient between the casing and the drill pipe joint, L is the well depth (m), β i is the inclination angle (radian), and q is the line weight of the drill string (N/m), β 0 is the maximum inclination angle (radian), K b is the buoyancy coefficient, L t is the height from the start point of the well inclination to the well head (m), γ n is the drilling fluid density (kg/m 3 ) , γ t is casing density (kg/m 3 );
步骤2：确定钻杆接头与套管的磨损时间T，其算式为(4)；Step 2: Determine the wear time T of the drill pipe joint and the casing, the formula is (4);
T＝T1+T2 (4)T=T 1 +T 2 (4)
其中：in:
ri＝f(X1i，X2i，X3i，X4i，X5i) (6)r i =f(X 1i , X 2i , X 3i , X 4i , X 5i ) (6)
式中：T为钻杆接头与套管的磨损时间(h)，T1为已发生磨损的时间(h)，通过井史数据资料获取，T2为预计磨损时间(h)，n为即将钻遇地层的分段数，Li为第i段地层中的钻头进尺(m)，ri为第i段地层中的机械钻速(m/h)，与多种因素有关，f为第i段地层中机械钻速与钻井工艺参数之间的关系，X1i为第i段地层中岩层特性对机械钻速的影响，X2i为第i段地层中井深对机械钻速的影响，X3i为第i段地层中井底压差对机械钻速的影响，X4i为第i段地层中机械参数对机械钻速的影响，X5i为第i段地层中水力参数对机械钻速的影响；In the formula: T is the wear time (h) of the drill pipe joint and the casing, T1 is the wear time (h), which is obtained from the well history data, T2 is the expected wear time (h), and n is the upcoming wear time (h). The number of sections drilled in the formation, L i is the drill bit footage (m) in the i-th formation, ri is the ROP (m/h) in the i-th formation, which is related to many factors, and f is the The relationship between the ROP and the drilling process parameters in the i-th formation, X 1i is the influence of the rock formation properties in the i-th formation on the ROP, X 2i is the influence of the well depth in the i-th formation on the ROP, X 3i is the effect of bottom hole pressure difference on ROP in formation i, X 4i is the influence of mechanical parameters on ROP in formation i, X 5i is the influence of hydraulic parameters on ROP in formation i ;
步骤3：求取套管磨损面积S，其算式为(7)；Step 3: Find the casing wear area S, the formula is (7);
其中：in:
Lw＝0.0Olntde (8)L w ＝0.0Oln t d e (8)
nt＝60NT (9)n t =60NT (9)
式中：S为套管磨损面积(mm2)，E为磨损效率，μ为套管与钻杆接头的摩擦系数，Fmax为钻杆接头与套管间的最大侧向力(N)，Lw为钻柱与套管间的相对运动累计路程(m)，H为布氏硬度(N/m2)，nt为钻柱转动次数，de为钻杆接头外径(mm)，N为钻柱转速(r/h)，T为钻杆接头与套管的磨损时间(h)；In the formula: S is the casing wear area (mm 2 ), E is the wear efficiency, μ is the friction coefficient between the casing and the drill pipe joint, F max is the maximum lateral force between the drill pipe joint and the casing (N), L w is the cumulative distance of relative movement between the drill string and the casing (m), H is the Brinell hardness (N/m 2 ), n t is the number of rotations of the drill string, d e is the outer diameter of the drill pipe joint (mm), N is the rotational speed of the drill string (r/h), and T is the wear time of the drill pipe joint and casing (h);
步骤4：利用公式(10)求取套管偏磨深度c1；Step 4: Use the formula (10) to calculate the casing eccentric wear depth c 1 ;
c1＝k-(di-de) (10)c 1 ＝k-(d i -d e ) (10)
其中：in:
式中：c1为套管偏磨深度(mm)，k为钻杆接头的轴线与套管轴线的距离(mm)，di为套管内径(mm)，de为钻杆接头外径(mm)，S为套管磨损面积(mm2)，x1和x2为套管磨损截面上的两圆交点的横坐标；In the formula: c 1 is the casing eccentric wear depth (mm), k is the distance between the axis of the drill pipe joint and the casing axis (mm), d i is the inner diameter of the casing (mm), d e is the outer diameter of the drill pipe joint (mm), S is the casing wear area (mm 2 ), x1 and x2 are the abscissas of the intersection of two circles on the casing wear section;
步骤5：利用公式(12)求取磨损套管的剩余抗挤强度Pcw；Step 5: use formula (12) to obtain the remaining crush resistance P cw of the worn casing;
其中：in:
λ＝0.127δ+0.0039η-0.440(Prs/Pfy) (15)λ＝0.127δ+0.0039η-0.440(P rs /P fy ) (15)
式中：Pcw为磨损套管的剩余抗挤强度(MPa)，P1为套管的弹性挤毁压力(MPa)，P2为套管的弹塑性屈服挤毁压力(MPa)，λ为套管的制造缺陷影响因子(普通级套管λ取0.21～0.23，高抗挤套管λ取0.17～0.175，高抗挤抗硫套管λ取0.125～0.130)，c为套管壁厚(mm)，c1为套管磨损深度(mm)，Ke为套管弹性常数折减系数(J55、K55和所有抗硫钢，Ke取0.9；N80、P110和Q125，Ke取1.0)，E为杨氏模量(2.0×105～2.1×105MPa)，ν为泊松比(0.2～0.3)，d为套管外径(mm)，Ky为套管屈服强度折减系数(对J55、K55、N80和所有抗硫钢，Ky＝0.85)，Pmin为套管最小屈服强度(MPa)，δ为套管内壁不圆度，η为套管壁厚不均度，Prs为套管残余应力(MPa)，Pfy为套管的实际屈服强度(MPa)；In the formula: P cw is the remaining crushing strength of the worn casing (MPa), P 1 is the elastic collapse pressure (MPa) of the casing, P 2 is the elastic-plastic yield collapse pressure (MPa) of the casing, and λ is Factors affecting manufacturing defects of casing (normal-grade casing λ is 0.21-0.23, high-shrink-resistant casing λ is 0.17-0.175, high-shrink-resistant sulfur casing λ is 0.125-0.130), and c is casing wall thickness ( mm), c 1 is casing wear depth (mm), K e is casing elastic constant reduction coefficient (J55, K55 and all sulfur-resistant steels, K e takes 0.9; N80, P110 and Q125, K e takes 1.0) , E is Young's modulus (2.0×10 5 ～2.1×10 5 MPa), ν is Poisson’s ratio (0.2～0.3), d is casing outer diameter (mm), K y is casing yield strength reduction Coefficient (for J55, K55, N80 and all sulfur-resistant steels, K y =0.85), P min is the minimum yield strength of the casing (MPa), δ is the out-of-roundness of the inner wall of the casing, and η is the unevenness of the wall thickness of the casing , P rs is casing residual stress (MPa), P fy is casing actual yield strength (MPa);
步骤6：将步骤5中磨损套管的剩余抗挤强度Pcw代入公式(18)中计算出套管的抗挤安全系数kcw，其算式为(19)；Step 6: Substituting the remaining anti-collapse strength P cw of the worn casing in step 5 into the formula (18) to calculate the anti-collapse safety factor k cw of the casing, the formula is (19);
kcw＝Pcw/P设外 (18)k c w = P cw /P outside (18)
式中：kcw为套管的抗挤安全系数，Pcw为磨损套管的剩余抗挤强度(MPa)，P设外为套管的设计外压载荷(MPa)，P1为套管的弹性挤毁压力(MPa)，P2为套管的弹塑性屈服挤毁压力(MPa)，λ为套管的制造缺陷影响因子(普通级套管λ取0.21～0.23，高抗挤套管λ取0.17～0.175，高抗挤抗硫套管λ取0.125～0.130)；In the formula: kcw is the anti-collapse safety factor of the casing, Pcw is the remaining anti-collapse strength (MPa) of the worn casing, P is the design external pressure load (MPa) of the casing, P1 is the Elastic collapse pressure (MPa), P 2 is the elastic-plastic yield collapse pressure (MPa) of the casing, λ is the influence factor of the manufacturing defect of the casing (the ordinary grade casing λ takes 0.21~0.23, and the high anti-collapse casing λ Take 0.17~0.175, high anti-collapse anti-sulfur casing λ takes 0.125~0.130);
步骤7：将步骤4中求取的套管偏磨深度c1代入到公式(20)中，得到磨损套管的剩余抗内压强度Piw；Step 7: Substituting the casing eccentric wear depth c 1 obtained in step 4 into the formula (20) to obtain the remaining internal pressure resistance P iw of the worn casing;
其中：in:
b＝0.1693-1.1774×10-4Pmin (21)b＝0.1693-1.1774×10 -4 P min (21)
式中：Piw为磨损套管的剩余抗内压强度(MPa)，Pmin为套管最小屈服强度(MPa)，c为套管壁厚(mm)，c1为套管偏磨深度(mm)，d为套管外径(mm)，a为内压强度系数(调质和13Cr材料套管取1.0，其他情况取2.0)，b为套管材料应力-应变强度硬化因子；In the formula: P iw is the remaining internal pressure resistance strength (MPa) of the worn casing, P min is the minimum yield strength (MPa) of the casing, c is the wall thickness of the casing (mm), and c1 is the eccentric wear depth of the casing ( mm), d is the outer diameter of the casing (mm), a is the internal pressure strength coefficient (1.0 for quenched and tempered and 13Cr material casings, 2.0 for other cases), and b is the stress-strain strength hardening factor of the casing material;
步骤8：将步骤7中磨损套管的剩余抗内压强度Piw代入公式(22)计算套管抗内压安全系数Kiw，其算式为(23)；Step 8: Substituting the remaining anti-internal pressure strength P iw of the worn casing in step 7 into the formula (22) to calculate the anti-internal pressure safety factor K iw of the casing, the formula is (23);
kiw＝Piw/P设内 (22)k iw ＝P iw / P (22)
其中：in:
b＝0.1693-1.1774×10-4Pmin (24)b＝0.1693-1.1774×10 -4 P min (24)
式中：kiw为套管的抗内压安全系数，Pmin为套管最小屈服强度(MPa)，d为套管外径(mm)，P设内为设计内压载荷(MPa)，Pμ为套管拉伸屈服强度(MPa)，c为套管壁厚(mm)，a为套管内压强度系数(调质和13Cr材料套管取1.0，其他情况取2.0)，c1为套管磨损深度(mm)，b为套管材料应力-应变强度硬化因子，d为套管外径(mm)；In the formula: k iw is the internal pressure safety factor of the casing, P min is the minimum yield strength of the casing (MPa), d is the outer diameter of the casing (mm), P is the design internal pressure load (MPa), and P μ is the tensile yield strength of the casing (MPa), c is the wall thickness of the casing (mm), a is the internal pressure strength coefficient of the casing (1.0 is taken for quenched and tempered casing and 13Cr material casing, and 2.0 is used for other cases), c1 is casing Tube wear depth (mm), b is the stress-strain strength hardening factor of the casing material, and d is the outer diameter of the casing (mm);
步骤9：以抗内压安全系数为套管风险等级图版的横坐标轴，抗外挤安全系数为套管风险等级图版的纵坐标轴；将套管抗内压安全系数大于1.15，抗挤安全系数大于1.05范围的套管风险等级划分为1级；将套管抗内压安全系数介于1.1～1.15，抗挤安全系数介于1.0～1.05范围的套管风险等级划分为2级；将套管抗内压安全系数小于1.1，抗挤安全系数小于1.0范围的套管风险等级划分为3级；从而绘制出磨损套管风险等级图版；Step 9: Take the anti-internal pressure safety factor as the abscissa axis of the casing risk level chart, and the anti-extrusion safety factor as the ordinate axis of the casing risk level chart; if the anti-internal pressure safety factor of the casing is greater than 1.15, the anti-collapse safety factor is greater than 1.15. Casing risk grades with coefficients greater than 1.05 are classified as Grade 1; casings with internal pressure safety factors ranging from 1.1 to 1.15 and anti-collapse safety factors ranging from 1.0 to 1.05 are classified as Grade 2; casings with The risk level of casings with internal pressure safety factor of less than 1.1 and anti-collapse safety factor of less than 1.0 is divided into 3 levels; thus the risk level chart of worn casings is drawn;
步骤10：将步骤6中所得的抗外挤安全系数和步骤8中所得的抗内压安全系数分别代入到步骤9绘制的图版中，确定磨损套管的风险等级；Step 10: Substitute the anti-extrusion safety factor obtained in step 6 and the anti-internal pressure safety factor obtained in step 8 into the chart drawn in step 9 to determine the risk level of the worn casing;
步骤11：依据划分的套管风险等级进行预警，根据风险等级确定套管防磨措施；若套管的风险等级为1级，则套管处于安全的服役状态；若套管的风险等级为2级，则套管有发生失效的风险，此时需要采取套管防磨措施；若套管的风险等级为3级，则套管发生磨损失效，需重新下入一层套管；Step 11: Carry out early warning according to the divided casing risk level, and determine casing anti-wear measures according to the risk level; if the risk level of the casing is level 1, the casing is in a safe service state; if the risk level of the casing is 2 If the risk level of the casing is 3, the casing will wear out and fail, and a new layer of casing needs to be lowered;
进一步的，根据权利要求1所述的一种套管磨损风险的实时预警方法，其特征在于：所述的磨损套管风险等级图版横坐标为磨损套管的抗内压安全系数，纵坐标为磨损套管的抗挤安全系数。Further, a real-time early warning method for casing wear risk according to claim 1, characterized in that: the abscissa of the risk level chart of the worn casing is the internal pressure resistance safety factor of the worn casing, and the ordinate is Collapse safety factor for worn casing.
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