CN108099275B - Cylindrical layered stainless steel fiber porous material and energy-absorbing composite pipe - Google Patents
Cylindrical layered stainless steel fiber porous material and energy-absorbing composite pipe Download PDFInfo
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- CN108099275B CN108099275B CN201810039698.6A CN201810039698A CN108099275B CN 108099275 B CN108099275 B CN 108099275B CN 201810039698 A CN201810039698 A CN 201810039698A CN 108099275 B CN108099275 B CN 108099275B
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 81
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
- B32B1/08—Tubular products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/012—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of aluminium or an aluminium alloy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/02—Layer formed of wires, e.g. mesh
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
- F16F1/362—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers made of steel wool, compressed hair, woven or non-woven textile, or like materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
- F16F1/373—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by having a particular shape
- F16F1/377—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by having a particular shape having holes or openings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/103—Metal fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/56—Damping, energy absorption
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a cylindrical layered stainless steel fiber porous material and a composite energy absorption tube, wherein the porous material is prepared by the following method: crocheting a stainless steel substrate to obtain a single-layer metal porous woven sheet, wherein the stainless steel substrate is selected from a single-bundle continuous stainless steel fiber bundle, a single-bundle continuous soft stainless steel wire with the diameter of 0.2-1.0 mm or a single-bundle continuous superfine soft stainless steel rope with the diameter of 0.2-0.8 mm; and (3) winding the single-layer metal porous fabric sheet into a cylindrical layer, sintering the cylindrical layer in vacuum at the temperature of 1100-1330 ℃ for 2-3.5 hours, and cooling the cylindrical layer stainless steel fiber porous material along with a furnace to obtain the cylindrical layer stainless steel fiber porous material with the porosity of 60-90%. And (3) crocheting the stainless steel base material, winding the stainless steel base material into a cylindrical layer, and then sintering the cylindrical layer in vacuum to obtain the cylindrical layered stainless steel fiber porous material with the porosity of 60-90%. The material has low preparation cost, and when the material is filled in a metal thin-wall pipe, the material can realize a more stable energy absorption process and higher energy absorption capacity under the condition that the crushing peak value is hardly increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a metal fiber porous material applied to the buffer, energy-absorbing and anti-collision neighborhood, in particular to a cylindrical layered stainless steel fiber porous material and an energy-absorbing composite pipe.
Background
The collision safety is an important index of safety of various vehicles, so innovative research on energy-absorbing materials and structures becomes a hot spot in the field of collision safety, and the energy-absorbing component made of the metal light porous material filled with the metal thin-walled tube is one direction. The metal lightweight porous material has a low initial peak value, a long and stable energy absorption plastic platform and high load efficiency, and when the metal lightweight porous material is compounded with a metal thin-wall pipe, the metal lightweight porous material not only can enhance the deformation stability, the energy absorption capability and the load efficiency of the metal thin-wall pipe, but also can dissipate vibration formed by shock waves and play a role in vibration reduction. The most widely used metallic porous materials at present are mainly foamed aluminum and honeycomb aluminum.
Although the application of the two materials brings enhancement of crashworthiness of the metal thin-wall structure, the initial peak force of the initial stage of collision is also obviously increased, and the materials are easy to generate fragmentation deformation (particularly foamed aluminum) during crushing deformation, and the popularization and the application are limited due to the higher price.
However, no materials which have the same high-quality buffering and energy-absorbing capacity and are not broken due to large plastic deformation in the metal porous materials are found by researchers at present, and the materials are the metal fiber/wire porous materials. The metal fiber/filament porous material is a network composite material formed by metal fibers/filaments and gas, and has a plurality of unique structural characteristics and mechanical properties. The metal fiber/wire porous material has high mechanical strength, rigidity, toughness, impact resistance, energy absorption capacity, thermal shock resistance, large plastic deformation capacity under static and dynamic load conditions, wide working temperature and stable mechanical performance in a severe environment. The metal fiber/wire has a mature technology and can be produced in a large scale. The matrix material with high strength and few defects can be easily obtained from the wire material, and the easily obtained metal wire reduces the production cost of the porous body.
At present, the preparation of stainless steel metal fiber/wire porous materials mainly comprises the following types: one is to prepare porous materials by taking stainless steel short fibers/filaments as raw materials, firstly, short fibers are needed to be obtained, and the short fibers can be directly produced or cut off long fibers/filaments; then preparing a die required by cold pressing according to the geometric dimension of the prepared porous material; and then laying the short fibers/filaments in a mold, cold-pressing the short fibers/filaments for forming, and sintering the short fibers/filaments. The porous material fibers/filaments are overlapped with each other randomly, and the pore structure distribution is uneven and uncontrollable. Directly produced short fibers are costly and the required molds need to be reworked when preparing porous materials of different geometries. One kind is to prepare porous material with stainless steel medium long fiber as material, and the medium long fiber/wire is first pre-treated to form spiral shape, then set inside mold to be pressed and wound together, and finally formed directly or sintered to form. Compared with the former porous material, the porous material has controllable and uniform pore structure, and the pore skeletons are embedded with each other like springs. But the mold is machined according to the geometric dimensions of the porous material. The other type is that stainless steel continuous fiber is used as raw material to prepare porous material, which is formed by weaving and sintering. Compared with the first two types of porous materials, the porous material has the biggest improvement that the preparation of the porous material does not need to cut continuous fibers and prepare a special cold-pressing die. The porous material is obtained by simultaneously carrying out complex mechanism movement knitting forming on a plurality of bundles of metal fibers/wires through a plurality of rotors on a special knitting machine and then sintering. The pore structure of the stainless steel porous material obtained by the method is regular and controllable, but the weaving equipment is complex, so that the cost of the method is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a cylindrical layered stainless steel fiber porous material and an energy-absorbing composite tube, wherein the cylindrical layered stainless steel fiber porous material has low preparation cost and can improve the energy-absorbing capacity of the metal thin-wall tube.
The invention provides a cylindrical layered stainless steel fiber porous material which is prepared by the following method:
weaving a stainless steel base material by hooking to obtain a single-layer metal porous weaving sheet, wherein the stainless steel base material is selected from a single-bundle continuous stainless steel fiber bundle, a single-bundle continuous soft stainless steel wire with the diameter of 0.2-1.0 mm or a single-bundle continuous superfine soft stainless steel rope with the diameter of 0.2-0.8 mm;
and (3) winding the single-layer metal porous fabric sheet into a cylindrical layer, sintering the cylindrical layer in vacuum at 1100-1330 ℃ for 2-3.5 h under the action of a constraint force, and cooling the cylindrical layer stainless steel fiber porous material along with a furnace to obtain the cylindrical layer stainless steel fiber porous material with the porosity of 60-90%.
Preferably, the crocheting manner is selected from one or more of short crocheting, medium-long crocheting, flat crocheting, divided crocheting and bundle crocheting.
Preferably, the stainless steel substrate is a super fine soft stainless steel wire rope with a diameter of 0.2 or 0.5 mm.
Preferably, the stainless steel substrate is a soft stainless steel wire with a diameter of 0.2mm, 0.5mm or 0.8mm to 1.0 mm.
Preferably, the stainless steel substrate is a stainless steel yarn twisted by stainless steel fibers with the diameter of 2-100 microns.
In the invention, the cylindrical layered stainless steel fiber porous material with the diameter of 10-500 mm and the height of 10-1000 mm is formed by changing the number of needles for crocheting and the number of crocheting rows.
The invention provides an energy-absorbing composite pipe, which comprises a filling core and a metal thin-wall pipe filled with the filling core;
the filling core is the cylindrical layered stainless steel fiber porous material in the technical scheme.
Preferably, the metal thin-wall pipe is selected from a 6063 aluminum alloy thin-wall pipe.
The invention provides a cylindrical layered stainless steel fiber porous material which is prepared by the following method: weaving a stainless steel base material by hooking to obtain a single-layer metal porous weaving sheet, wherein the stainless steel base material is selected from a single-bundle continuous stainless steel fiber bundle, a single-bundle continuous soft stainless steel wire with the diameter of 0.2-1.0 mm or a single-bundle continuous superfine soft stainless steel rope with the diameter of 0.2-0.8 mm; and (3) winding the single-layer metal porous fabric sheet into a cylindrical layer, sintering the cylindrical layer in vacuum at the temperature of 1100-1330 ℃ for 2-3.5 hours, and cooling the cylindrical layer stainless steel fiber porous material along with a furnace to obtain the cylindrical layer stainless steel fiber porous material with the porosity of 60-90%. According to the invention, a stainless steel base material is coiled into a cylindrical layer by a crocheting method, and then vacuum sintering is carried out to obtain the cylindrical layered stainless steel fiber porous material with the porosity of 60-90%. The material has low preparation cost, can realize the state that the crushing peak value is hardly increased when the material is filled in a metal thin-wall pipe, and has more stable energy absorption process and higher energy absorption capacity. The experimental results show that: the initial crushing peak value of the cylindrical layered stainless steel fiber porous material with the porosity of 60-90% is 0.32-0.48 KN, the effective crushing displacement is 32.09-34.10 mm, the effective stroke ratio is 0.58-0.62, the effective energy absorption is 15.2-23.12J, and the load efficiency is 1.41-1.50; the energy-absorbing composite pipe combined by the cylindrical layered stainless steel fiber porous materials has the effective energy-absorbing capacity of 623-686J, the effective stroke ratio of 0.63-0.65, the initial crushing peak value of 24-25 KN, the average load of 17.92-19.14 KN and the load efficiency of 0.73-0.78.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of axial crushing load-displacement curves of single-bundle continuous metal rope crocheted sintered cylindrical layered porous materials with porosity of 80%, 85% and 89% prepared in examples 1-3 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the deformation efficiency of single-strand continuous metal cord crocheted sintered cylindrical layered porous materials with porosity of 80%, 85% and 89% prepared in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the energy absorption curves of 80%, 85% and 89% porosity single-strand continuous metal cord crocheted sintered cylindrical layered porous materials prepared in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an axial crushing load-displacement curve diagram of 6063 aluminum alloy thin-walled tube filled with single-bundle continuous metal rope crocheted sintered cylindrical layered porous material with porosity of 80% prepared in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an axial crushing deformation efficiency graph of 6063 aluminum alloy thin-walled tube filled with single-bundle continuous metal rope crocheted sintered cylindrical layered porous materials with porosity of 80%, 85% and 89% prepared in examples 4-6 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an axial crushing energy-absorbing energy diagram of 6063 aluminum alloy thin-walled tube filled with single-bundle continuous metal rope crocheted sintered cylindrical layered porous material with porosity of 80%, 85% and 89% prepared in examples 4-6 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an axial crushing load-displacement curve diagram of a 6063 aluminum alloy thin-walled tube filled with single-strand continuous metal rope crocheted sintered cylindrical layered porous material with a porosity of 85% prepared in example 5 of the present invention;
fig. 8 is an axial crushing load-displacement curve diagram of 6063 aluminum alloy thin-walled tube filled with 89% porosity single-strand continuous metal rope crocheted sintered cylindrical layered porous material prepared in example 6 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a cylindrical layered stainless steel fiber porous material which is prepared by the following method:
weaving a stainless steel base material by hooking to obtain a single-layer metal porous weaving sheet, wherein the stainless steel base material is selected from a single-bundle continuous stainless steel fiber bundle, a single-bundle continuous soft stainless steel wire with the diameter of 0.2-1.0 mm or a single-bundle continuous superfine soft stainless steel rope with the diameter of 0.2-0.8 mm;
and (3) winding the single-layer metal porous fabric sheet into a cylindrical layer, sintering the cylindrical layer in vacuum at the temperature of 1100-1330 ℃ for 2-3.5 hours, and cooling the cylindrical layer stainless steel fiber porous material along with a furnace to obtain the cylindrical layer stainless steel fiber porous material with the porosity of 60-90%.
According to the invention, a stainless steel base material is coiled into a cylindrical layer by a crocheting method, and then vacuum sintering is carried out to obtain the cylindrical layered stainless steel fiber porous material with the porosity of 60-90%. The material has low preparation cost, can realize the state that the crushing peak value is hardly increased when the material is filled in a metal thin-wall pipe, and has more stable energy absorption process and higher energy absorption capacity.
In the invention, the stainless steel base material is selected from a single-bundle continuous stainless steel fiber bundle, a single-bundle continuous soft stainless steel wire with the diameter of 0.2-1.0 mm or a single-bundle continuous superfine soft stainless steel rope with the diameter of 0.2-0.8 mm. The superfine soft stainless steel rope is preferably a stainless steel rope with the diameter of 0.2mm or 0.3mm formed by 7 superfine soft steel wires; or a stainless steel wire rope having a diameter of 0.5mm or 0.8mm formed of 49 ultra-fine mild steel wires.
In the invention, the stainless steel base material is preferably an ultra-fine soft stainless steel wire rope with the diameter of 0.2mm or 0.5 mm;
the stainless steel base material is preferably a soft stainless steel wire with the diameter of 0.2mm, 0.5mm or 0.8 mm-1.0 mm;
the stainless steel substrate is preferably a stainless steel yarn twisted by stainless steel fibers with the diameter of 2-100 microns.
In the present invention, the stainless steel base material is an ultra-fine soft 304 stainless steel cord having a diameter of 0.5 mm.
In the present invention, the manner of the crocheting is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of short crocheting, medium-long crocheting, flat crocheting, divided crocheting, and bundle crocheting.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the crocheting specifically comprises:
the method comprises the steps of knitting 10-needle lock needles as a set-up needle through a crochet needle with the diameter of 3.5mm, then crocheting 1-needle set-up needle, picking up the inner mountain and half needles of the lock needle, hanging wires on the needle, pulling out the wires, hanging the wires again, pulling out 2 coils penetrating through the crochet needle, completing 1-needle short needle crocheting, and repeating the process to complete the first line. The 1 st needle of the crochet hook is raised, the right end of the crochet hook fabric is rotated outwards, the crochet hook is inserted into the head needle 2 lock needles of the 1 st row of the right end short needles, and then the short needles are knitted. This is repeated to complete row 2. Thereafter each row is performed according to the row 2 method.
The present invention is preferably sintered in a vacuum sintering furnace well known to those skilled in the art. And (3) wrapping the single-layer metal porous fabric sheet into a cylindrical layer, placing the cylindrical layer in a quartz tube, and sintering in a vacuum sintering furnace. The sintering temperature is 1100-1330 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 2-3.5 h after the sintering is carried out to the required temperature. The degree of vacuum for sintering is preferably 10-2The above. The invention preferably adopts a furnace cooling mode for cooling.
The invention takes continuous single-beam stainless steel fiber/silk (soft state)/rope (ultra-fine soft) as a base material, has few surface defects, high mechanical property, conductivity, corrosion resistance, heat resistance and flexibility close to that of organic fiber. Compared with short fibers and medium fibers, the scale production of the continuous stainless steel fibers/wires/ropes has a mature technology, and the pulling and cutting are not needed, so that the manufacturing cost of the metal fiber porous structure and the composite structure thereof can be reduced.
According to the single-beam stainless steel fiber/wire/rope crocheted sintered porous structure, the pore frameworks are regularly and continuously mutually crocheted and interlocked, and pores are uniformly distributed. The invention is sintered and formed after the crochet directly through the crochet, and the pore structure and the porosity can be flexibly changed. The invention does not need to be like a metal short fiber or medium long fiber porous structure, and needs to prepare a corresponding mould according to the size of the porous structure, then lay layers in the mould, sinter and form after cold pressing. The pore frameworks are only in mutual lap joint and are disordered, and the pore structures are messy and uneven in distribution. The invention greatly simplifies the manufacturing process of the metal fiber/silk porous material, thereby reducing the cost and simultaneously avoiding the defect of uneven comprehensive performance of the porous structure caused by uneven distribution and uncontrollable pore structure.
The invention relates to a single-bundle stainless steel fiber/wire/rope crocheted sintered porous structure which is formed by single-bundle fiber/wire/rope crocheted. The method does not need to weave and form continuous fibers, and needs a plurality of fiber bundles on special equipment to weave and form the continuous fibers in a mutually lapping mode. The continuous fiber is woven and formed, the equipment structure is complex, the price is high, the pore structure and the porosity of the woven body can not be flexibly changed, and the pore frameworks are only simple and mutually lapped. Compared with continuous fiber weaving forming, the method has the advantages of more flexible crocheting method, lower cost, more abundant pore structure types and more firm pore framework connection.
The single-beam stainless steel fiber/wire/rope crocheted porous structure is directly used as an energy-absorbing and anti-collision functional structural member, and has the advantages of easy collapse deformation energy absorption, low collapse peak value, high crushing force efficiency, long and stable energy-absorbing platform, coupling energy-absorbing mechanism (pore structure collapse, framework deformation, metallurgical bonding point peeling), large compression deformation and less breakage and residual cracking.
The single-beam stainless steel fiber/wire/rope crocheted porous structure is used as a filling core of the metal thin-wall pipe to form a composite structure applied to the energy-absorbing and anti-collision neighborhood, and the buffering, energy-absorbing and anti-collision capacity of the metal thin-wall pipe can be effectively improved under the conditions that the structure weight is hardly increased, the initial peak value of crushing is hardly increased, and the large deformation and the breakage are avoided.
The cylindrical layered stainless steel fiber porous material is formed by only weaving a single bundle of continuous fibers/filaments in a hooking way, the traditional weaving method is changeable, the pore structure is flexible and changeable, the pore frameworks are mutually interlocked in the hooking way, and a large number of metallurgical bonding points are contained.
The invention provides an energy-absorbing composite pipe, which comprises a filling core and a metal thin-wall pipe filled with the filling core;
the filling core is the cylindrical layered stainless steel fiber porous material in the technical scheme.
In the invention, the metal thin-wall pipe is selected from 6063 aluminum alloy thin-wall pipes.
The cylindrical metal continuous fiber/wire crocheted sintered porous material with the porosity of 60-90% can be filled in a metal thin-wall pipe to form a composite structure applied to the energy-absorbing and anti-collision neighborhood, and can effectively improve the buffering, energy-absorbing and anti-collision capacity of the metal thin-wall pipe through the composite effect and the interface effect between the metal continuous fiber/wire porous core and the metal thin-wall pipe under the conditions of hardly increasing the structural weight, the initial peak value of crushing, large deformation and no cracking. The metal continuous fiber/wire porous core is filled in the metal thin-wall pipe, and the interface connection can adopt direct tight fit, or brazing, or bonding by a macromolecular adhesive.
For further illustration of the present invention, the following describes the present invention in detail with reference to the examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A superfine soft 304 stainless steel rope with the diameter of 0.5mm, which is formed by twisting 49 stainless steel fibers, is knitted into a 10-needle lock needle as a needle lifting through a 3.5 mm-diameter crochet needle, then crochets a 1-needle vertical needle, picks up the inner mountain and a half needle of the lock needle, hangs a thread on the needle, draws the thread, hangs the thread again, draws and pulls the thread to penetrate through 2 coils on the crochet needle, and crochets 1-needle short needle, thus repeatedly crocheting the first line. The 1 st needle of the crochet hook is raised, the right end of the crochet hook fabric is rotated outwards, the crochet hook is inserted into the head needle 2 lock needles of the 1 st row of the right end short needles, and then the short needles are knitted. This is repeated to complete row 2. Then, each row is knitted according to the method of the 2 nd row, 16 rows are crocheted, stainless steel wire rope knitted sheets are knitted, the stainless steel wire rope knitted sheets are coiled into round rods and are placed in a quartz tube with the inner diameter of about 23mm and the height of about 50mm to be sintered in a vacuum sintering furnace, the sintering temperature is 1130 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2.5 hours, and the vacuum degree is 10-2The above steps are carried out with furnace cooling to form a single-bundle continuous metal rope crocheted sintered cylindrical layered porous material with the outer diameter of about 23mm, the height of about 50mm and the porosity of about 80%.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, fig. 1 is a graph showing axial crushing load-displacement curves of 80%, 85% and 89% porosity single-strand continuous metal rope crocheted sintered cylindrical layered porous materials prepared in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a graph showing the deformation efficiency of single-strand continuous metal cord crocheted sintered cylindrical layered porous materials with porosity of 80%, 85% and 89% prepared in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a graph showing the energy absorption curves of single-strand continuous metal cord crocheted sintered cylindrical layered porous materials with porosity of 80%, 85% and 89% prepared in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the axial quasi-static load-displacement curve of the single-strand continuous metal cord crocheted sintered cylindrical layered porous material with 80% porosity in example 1 is divided into a short elastic stage, a long and stable energy-absorbing plastic platform stage and a densification and compaction stage. The elastic stage is in smooth transition to the plastic platform stage, the initial crushing peak value is extremely small and is only 0.48KN, the effective crushing length is 32.09mm (see figure 2), the effective stroke ratio is 0.58, and the total effective absorbed energy is 23.12J (see figure 3). The crushing average load is 0.72KN, and the load efficiency is about 1.50. Referring to table 1, table 1 shows energy absorption parameters of 6063 single tube and porous materials and composite tubes thereof prepared in examples 1 to 6 of the present invention:
energy absorption parameters of the single tubes in Table 16063, the porous materials prepared in the embodiments 1-6 of the present invention, and the composite tubes thereof
Example 2
Using the method of example 1, a 10-needle lock needle was raised as a raising needle, and 13 rows were crocheted to form a single bundle of continuous metal cords with an outer diameter of about 23mm, a height of about 50mm, and a porosity of about 85%.
The axial quasi-static load-displacement curve of the single-strand continuous metal cord crocheted sintered cylindrical layered porous material with the porosity of about 85% in example 2 comprises a short elastic stage, a long and stable energy-absorbing plastic platform stage and a densification compaction stage (see fig. 1). The elastic stage is smooth and transited to the plastic platform stage, the initial crushing peak value is extremely small and is only 0.38KN, the effective crushing length is 34.10mm (see figure 2), the effective stroke ratio is 0.62, the total effective absorbed energy is 18.69J (see figure 3), the crushing average load is 0.55KN, and the load efficiency is about 1.45.
Example 3
Using the method of example 1, a 10-pin lock needle was raised as the raising needle, and 10 rows were crocheted to form a cylindrical single-strand continuous metal cord crocheted sintered cylindrical porous block having an outer diameter of about 23mm, a height of about 50mm, and a porosity of 89%.
The axial quasi-static load-displacement curve of the single-strand continuous metal rope crocheted sintered cylindrical layered porous body material with the porosity of about 89% in example 3 consists of a short elastic stage, a long and stable energy-absorbing plastic platform stage and a densification compaction stage (see fig. 1). The elastic stage is smooth and transited to the plastic platform stage, the initial crushing peak value is extremely small and is only 0.32KN, the effective crushing length is 33.46mm (see figure 2), the effective stroke ratio is 0.61, the total effective absorbed energy is 15.20J (see figure 3), the crushing average load is 0.45KN, and the load efficiency is about 1.41.
Example 4
The single-bundle continuous metal rope crocheted sintered cylindrical layered porous material with the porosity of about 80 percent prepared in the embodiment 1 is directly filled in a 6063 aluminum alloy thin-wall tube as a filling core, the aluminum alloy thin-wall tube and the filling core are matched and processed to form tight fit connection, the wall thickness is about 1.3 +/-0.1 mm, and the height is about 50 mm.
FIG. 4 is an axial crushing load-displacement curve diagram of 6063 aluminum alloy thin-walled tube filled with single-bundle continuous metal rope crocheted sintered cylindrical layered porous material with porosity of 80% prepared in example 4 of the present invention; FIG. 5 is an axial crushing deformation efficiency graph of 6063 aluminum alloy thin-walled tube filled with single-bundle continuous metal rope crocheted sintered cylindrical layered porous materials with porosity of 80%, 85% and 89% prepared in examples 4-6 of the present invention; FIG. 6 is an axial crushing energy absorption energy diagram of 6063 aluminum alloy thin-walled tube filled with single-bundle continuous metal rope crocheted sintered cylindrical layered porous material with porosity of 80%, 85% and 89% prepared in examples 4-6 of the invention.
80% of porous core is filled in 6063 aluminum alloy thin-wall tube to form fiber porous core filled thin-wall composite tube, and the load-displacement curve of the composite tube is composed of an initial line elasticity, an energy-absorbing plastic platform and three stages of compaction. Compared with a 6063 single tube, the initial peak value of the composite tube is hardly increased, the energy-absorbing plastic platform is obviously raised, the wave crest is uniform and obvious in the platform stage (see figure 4), and the crushing deformation mode is changed. The deformation efficiency of the composite tube was slightly reduced relative to the 6063 single tube (see fig. 5), but the effective energy absorption (685.46J) and the average load (19.14KN) of the composite tube were increased by about 19% (see fig. 6) and 25% (see table 1) compared to the effective energy absorption (576.66) and the average load (15.35) of the 6063 single tube, respectively. The loading efficiency of the composite tube increased from 0.65 for the 6063 monotube to 0.78 (see table 1).
Example 5
The single-bundle continuous metal rope crocheted sintered cylindrical lamellar porous material with the porosity of about 85 percent prepared in the embodiment 2 is directly filled in a 6063 aluminum alloy thin-wall tube as a filling core, the aluminum alloy thin-wall tube and the filling core are matched and processed to form tight fit connection, the wall thickness is about 1.3 +/-0.1 mm, and the height is about 50 mm.
85% of porous core is filled in 6063 aluminum alloy thin-wall tube to form fiber porous core filled thin-wall composite tube, and the load-displacement curve of the composite tube consists of an initial line elasticity, an energy-absorbing plastic platform and three stages of compaction. FIG. 7 is an axial crushing load-displacement curve diagram of a 6063 aluminum alloy thin-walled tube filled with single-strand continuous metal rope crocheted sintered cylindrical layered porous material with a porosity of 85% prepared in example 5 of the present invention; as can be seen from fig. 7, compared with the 6063 single tube, the initial peak value of the composite tube is hardly increased, the energy-absorbing plastic platform is obviously increased, the wave crest at the platform stage is uniform and obvious (see fig. 7), and the crushing deformation mode is changed. The deformation efficiency of the composite tube was slightly reduced relative to the 6063 monotube (fig. 5), but the composite tube effective energy absorption (668.60J) and average load (19.14KN) were increased by about 16% (see fig. 6) and 25% (see table 1) compared to the 6063 monotube effective energy absorption (576.66) and average load (15.35), respectively. The loading efficiency of the composite tube increased from 0.65 for the 6063 monotube to 0.78 (see table 1).
Example 6
The cylindrical single-bundle continuous metal rope crocheted sintered cylindrical porous volume block with the porosity of 89% prepared in the embodiment 3 is directly filled in a 6063 aluminum alloy thin-wall tube as a filling core, the aluminum alloy thin-wall tube and the filling core are matched and processed to form tight fit connection, the wall thickness is about 1.3 +/-0.1 mm, and the height is about 50 mm.
89% of porous core is filled in 6063 aluminum alloy thin-wall tube to form fiber porous core filled thin-wall composite tube, and the load-displacement curve of the composite tube is composed of an initial line elasticity, an energy-absorbing plastic platform and three stages of compaction. FIG. 8 is an axial crushing load-displacement curve diagram of a 6063 aluminum alloy thin-walled tube filled with a 89% single-strand continuous metal rope crocheted sintered cylindrical layered porous material with porosity according to example 6 of the present invention; as can be seen from fig. 8, compared with a 6063 single tube, the initial peak value of the composite tube is hardly increased, the energy-absorbing plastic platform is obviously increased, the wave crests of the platform are uniform and obvious (see fig. 8), and the crushing deformation mode is changed. The deformation efficiency of the composite tube was slightly reduced relative to the 6063 single tube (see fig. 5), but the effective energy absorption (623.67J) and the average load (17.92KN) of the composite tube were increased by about 8% (fig. 6) and 16% (see table 1) compared to the effective energy absorption (576.66) and the average load (15.35) of the 6063 single tube, respectively. The loading efficiency of the composite tube increased from 0.65 for the 6063 monotube to 0.73 (see table 1).
Example 7
The cylindrical metal fiber/wire porous material with the porosity of 60% -90% can be filled in a metal thin-wall pipe to form a composite pipe which is directly used as an energy absorption box between the front and rear anti-collision beams and the front and rear longitudinal beams, is directly welded with the front and rear anti-collision beams and is connected to the front and rear longitudinal beams through bolts.
From the above examples, the present invention provides a cylindrical layered stainless steel fiber porous material, which is prepared by the following method: weaving a stainless steel base material by hooking to obtain a single-layer metal porous weaving sheet, wherein the stainless steel base material is selected from a single-bundle continuous stainless steel fiber bundle, a single-bundle continuous soft stainless steel wire with the diameter of 0.2-1.0 mm or a single-bundle continuous superfine soft stainless steel rope with the diameter of 0.2-0.8 mm; and (3) winding the single-layer metal porous fabric sheet into a cylinder, sintering the cylinder in vacuum at the temperature of 1100-1330 ℃ for 2-3.5 hours, and cooling the cylinder along with a furnace to obtain the cylindrical layered stainless steel fiber porous material with the porosity of 60-90%. According to the invention, a stainless steel base material is coiled into a cylindrical layer by a crocheting method, and then vacuum sintering is carried out to obtain the cylindrical layered stainless steel fiber porous material with the porosity of 60-90%. The material has low preparation cost, can realize the state that the crushing peak value is hardly increased when the material is filled in a metal thin-wall pipe, and has more stable energy absorption process and higher energy absorption capacity. The experimental results show that: the initial crushing peak value of the cylindrical layered stainless steel fiber porous material with the porosity of 60-90% is 0.32-0.48 KN, the effective crushing displacement is 32.09-34.10 mm, the effective stroke ratio is 0.58-0.62, the effective energy absorption is 15.2-23.12J, and the load efficiency is 1.41-1.50; the energy-absorbing composite pipe filled with the cylindrical layered stainless steel fiber porous material has the effective energy absorption of 623-686J, the effective stroke ratio of 0.63-0.65, the initial crushing peak value of 24-25 KN, the average load of 17.92-19.14 KN and the load efficiency of 0.73-0.78.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. An energy-absorbing composite pipe comprises a filling core and a metal thin-wall pipe filled with the filling core;
the filling core is a cylindrical layered stainless steel fiber porous material;
the cylindrical layered stainless steel fiber porous material is prepared by the following method:
crocheting the stainless steel substrate to obtain a single-layer metal porous woven sheet; the stainless steel base material is a superfine soft stainless steel wire rope with the diameter of 0.2mm or 0.5 mm; or the stainless steel base material is a soft stainless steel wire with the diameter of 0.2mm, 0.5mm or 0.8 mm-1.0 mm; or the stainless steel base material is a stainless steel yarn twisted by stainless steel fibers with the diameter of 2-100 microns;
the crocheting mode is selected from short-needle crocheting;
the crocheting comprises: after the knitting is finished, 1-needle standing needles are crocheted, the inner mountain and half needles of the lock needle are picked up, the needles are hung with wires, the wires are pulled out, the wires are hung again, the wires are pulled and pulled to penetrate through 2 coils on the crocheted needles, 1-needle short needles are crocheted, and the first row is crocheted repeatedly; 1 needle of crocheting is lifted up, the right end of the crocheting fabric is rotated outwards, the crocheting needle is inserted into 2 lock needles of the head needle of the short needle at the right end of the 1 st row, and then the short needle is knitted; the step 2 is repeated to finish the crocheting; thereafter each row is performed according to the method of row 2;
the single-layer metal porous fabric sheet is wound into a cylindrical layer, is subjected to vacuum sintering for 2-3.5 hours at the temperature of 1100-1330 ℃ under the action of a constraint force, and is cooled along with a furnace to obtain a cylindrical layered stainless steel fiber porous material with the porosity of 60-90%;
forming a cylindrical layered stainless steel fiber porous material with the diameter of 10-500 mm and the height of 10-1000 mm by changing the number of needles for crocheting and the number of crocheting lines;
the metal thin-wall pipe is a type 6063 aluminum alloy thin-wall pipe.
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