CN108092929A - A kind of synchronous method for Terahertz communication - Google Patents
A kind of synchronous method for Terahertz communication Download PDFInfo
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- CN108092929A CN108092929A CN201711440459.3A CN201711440459A CN108092929A CN 108092929 A CN108092929 A CN 108092929A CN 201711440459 A CN201711440459 A CN 201711440459A CN 108092929 A CN108092929 A CN 108092929A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/0014—Carrier regulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04W56/0035—Synchronisation arrangements detecting errors in frequency or phase
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/90—Non-optical transmission systems, e.g. transmission systems employing non-photonic corpuscular radiation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/0014—Carrier regulation
- H04L2027/0024—Carrier regulation at the receiver end
- H04L2027/0026—Correction of carrier offset
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L7/00—Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
- H04L7/0054—Detection of the synchronisation error by features other than the received signal transition
- H04L7/007—Detection of the synchronisation error by features other than the received signal transition detection of error based on maximum signal power, e.g. peak value, maximizing autocorrelation
Abstract
A kind of synchronous method for Terahertz communication disclosed by the invention, belongs to signal of communication process field.The baseband signal for being inserted into pilot tone is upconverted to Terahertz frequency range and is sent to wireless channel by the present invention, and wireless signal after low noise amplifier by carrying out simulating orthogonal mixing for the first time and filtering out radio-frequency component；Down-sampled processing is carried out after being filtered again by narrow band filter successively, square goes modulation and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), maximum spectrum peak position is searched for and finds corresponding frequency deviation；Frequency deviation is fed back into local oscillator, make receiving terminal carrier frequency and receives the carrier frequency holding dynamic synchronization of signal, obtains the baseband signal for the amount of offsetting；Orthogonal mixing is simulated for the second time and filters out radio-frequency component；It is sampled and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), observation signal spectral peak obtains frequency and the estimate of phase pushing figure, the frequency and phase of high-speed AD converter sampling clock are compensated, realize Terahertz communication synchronization.The present invention can reduce signal processing difficulty and hardware spending.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of synchronous method for Terahertz communication, and in particular to a kind of load for Terahertz communication
The synchronous method synchronous with bit timing of ripple, belongs to signal of communication process field.
Background technology
Terahertz (THz) ripple is electromagnetic wave bands of the electromagnetic frequency between 0.1~10THz (wavelength is in 3 μm~30mm),
Between microwave and far red light, position is in transition region of the macroscopic classical theories to Bcs Theory, is the last one
The frequency range for not yet recognizing and utilizing completely.Terahertz communication is then the communication that THz wave is used to be carried out as information carrier, is collected
Into the advantages of microwave communication and optic communication, while the two kinds of existing communication means that compare, it is special that Terahertz communication shows some
Some advantageous properties, first, the frequency range of Terahertz are higher by l~4 order of magnitude than microwave communication, this also means that it can be with
The information content of bigger is carried, easily solves the problems, such as that current battlefield information transmission is limited by bandwidth, transmission rate is up to tens of
Gbps can meet the communicating requirement of big data transmission rate.Secondly, terahertz wave beam is narrower, with high directionality, more preferably
Confidentiality, compared with strong anti-interference and cloud and mist and dummy load penetration capacity, can be in the severe battlefield such as strong wind, sand and dust and dense smoke
It is oriented under environment with high bandwidth, high secrecy even plain code military communication.Therefore, Terahertz space communication is following empty
Between the Major Technology that communicates.
In wireless communication procedure, due to the relative motion between signal transmitting terminal and receiving terminal and satellite clock and connect
The reasons such as the frequency drift of receipts machine crystal oscillator when signal is when Terahertz frequency range communicates, can generate several million to tens megahertzs of load
Code of the wave frequency partially with several megahertzs is inclined, and frequency size linearly increases with the increase of carrier frequency and message transmission rate
It is long, affect the normal transmission of signal.It is influenced to eliminate carrier wave frequency deviation and code partially caused by signal transmission, it need to be in receiving terminal
Carrier frequency chip rate is modified, it is synchronous with bit timing so as to fulfill carrier synchronization.If it is handled with conventional digital signal
Mode handle the signal received, according to nyquist sampling law, if to carry out Digital Signal Processing, need the sample rate to be
The analog-digital converter (ADC) of tens of GHz samples it, and the reality of high-speed AD converter (ADC) and big bandwidth filter
Existing complexity is high, and hardware spending is excessive, it is difficult to realize in engineer application, is operated in so design is a kind of under Terahertz frequency range
Receiver is current urgent problem to be solved.
In terms of Nonlinear Transformation in Frequency Offset Estimation, 1994, Michael P.Fitz (" Further Results in the Fast
Estimation of a Single Frequency ") by the way that the auto-correlation phase of different delays is weighted averagely to carry
Frequency is taken, but the Frequency Estimation scope of algorithm is limited to participate in the maximum autocorrelation lags calculated, when the algorithm is applied in terahertz
Hereby during frequency range, relatively large frequency deviation can be generated, can not have been corrected using this algorithm.2005, Noels N, Stee
Ndam H, moeneclaey M (" Carrier phase and frequency estimation for pilot-symbol
Assisted transmission bounds and algorithm ") propose half set based on frequency pilot sign at equal intervals
Eliminate illiteracy frequency deviation estimating method, estimated accuracy is further enhanced, but there are signal-noise ratio threshold it is higher the problem of.2006,
Brain D, Ronan F (" Design of forth order digital PLLs using filter prototype ")
The digital phase-locked loop that a kind of bandwidth is 20MHz with the low-pass filters prototype such as Butterworth, carries out catching for frequency deviation
It catches, however in the Terahertz communication that signal bandwidth is tens of GHz, with traditional digital signal processing method can there are sample rates
Excessive the problem of can not realizing, institute have no longer been applicable in this way.
In terms of Timing Synchronization in place, Floyd M.Gardner (" Interpolator in Digital in 1993
Modems-PartⅠ:Fundamentals”,IEEE Transaction On Communications,1993,41(3):501-
507) time that digital modems is given with interpolation method adjusts basic principle, describes based on digital controlled oscillator (NCO)
Control method, and the signal processing feature of interpolation device is summarized, it is proposed that Gardner algorithms.Gardner algorithm energy
Preferably solve the problems, such as that base-band signal frequency is nonsynchronous with local clock frequency.Lars Erup and Floyd in 1993
M.Gardner(“Interpolator in Digital Modems-PartⅡ:Implementation and
Performance”,IEEE Transaction On Communications,1993,41(6):998-1008) have studied base
In the application method of Polynomial Filter, it is proposed that the structure of farrow interpolation filters, and its performance is carried out more detailed
Analysis.But the realization that the Terahertz communication system middle position timing synchronization algorithm of tens of Gbps is up to applied to transmission rate exists
The features such as calculation amount is excessive, resource consumption is serious is not suitable for high speed Terahertz communication system.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is：The high frequency deviation of Terahertz communication system generation, code is inclined and sample rate is high
The problem of caused signal processing difficulty improves, hardware spending is excessive provides a kind of synchronous method for Terahertz communication.It should
Method can realize that the carrier synchronization in Terahertz communication is synchronous with bit timing, and it is difficult to reduce the processing of Terahertz communication system signal
Degree and hardware spending.
The present invention seeks to what is be achieved through the following technical solutions.
Synchronous method disclosed by the invention for Terahertz communication realizes that step is as follows：The base band for being inserted into pilot tone is believed
Number Terahertz frequency range is upconverted to, obtain modulated high-frequency signal, be sent to wirelessly by antenna after power amplifier amplifies
Channel, the wireless signal that antenna receives after low-noise amplifier by carrying out simulating orthogonal Frequency mixing processing and filtering out radio-frequency component.
Low-pass filter is designed, is filtered again to filtering out the signal after radio-frequency component, then carries out down-sampled processing, and square go
Modulation and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) FFT find corresponding frequency deviation by the position for searching for maximum spectral peak.Frequency deviation is fed back to first
A local oscillator carries out carrier compensation, makes receiving terminal local carrier frequency and the carrier frequency of signal that receiving terminal antenna receives
Dynamic synchronization is kept, realizes that replicating stripping of the terahertz carrier signal with receiving signal obtains the baseband signal for the amount of offsetting, carrier wave stripping
The baseband bank signal for having code inclined from after is simulated orthogonal mixing for the second time.Low-pass filter obtains filtering out the I/ after high frequency again
Then Q two paths of signals is sampled by low sampling rate analog-digital converter ADC, by the digital signal synthesis plural number letter after sampling
Number Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is carried out, by observing complex signal spectral peak, obtains the estimate of frequency offset and phase pushing figure,
The frequency and phase of high-speed AD converter ADC sampling clocks are compensated by estimate, realize that bit timing is synchronous.Finally
Realize the implementation method of Terahertz communication.
A kind of synchronous method for Terahertz communication disclosed by the invention, includes the following steps：
The baseband signal for being inserted into pilot tone is upconverted to Terahertz frequency range by step 1, obtains modulated high-frequency signal, warp
Wireless channel is sent to by antenna after power amplifier amplification.
Transmitting terminal is R in information ratebFirst zero point f of baseband signal m (t) frequency spectrums0=RbPlace's insertion low-power single-tone
Pilot signal, the baseband signal m of synthesis insertion pilot tone1(t)：
m1(t)=m (t)+cos (2 π f0t+θ0) (1)
Wherein, wherein f0For pilot carrier frequency, that is, baseband signal m1(t) frequency, θ0For baseband signal m1(t) initial phase
Position, cos (2 π f0t+θ0) for the low-power single-tone pilot signal of insertion, the power of power ratio baseband signal m (t) is down to 40dB.
Terahertz frequency range is upconverted to after the baseband signal for being inserted into pilot tone is converted to analog signal by digital analog converter DAC, is obtained
Modulated high-frequency signal：
yb=m1(t)cos(2πfct+θc) (2)
Wherein fcFor carrier frequency, θcFor carrier wave initial phase.
Finally by power amplifier and by antenna by modulated high-frequency signal ybIt is sent to wireless channel.
Step 2, the wireless signal s that antenna receivesrece(t) by low-noise amplifier, simulation for the first time is then being carried out just
It hands over Frequency mixing processing and filters out radio-frequency component.
Due to Doppler effect and clock drift, carrier frequency fcAnd phase thetacAnd the base band letter of insertion pilot tone
Number m1(t) frequency f0And phase theta0Offset, the wireless signal s that antenna receives will be generatedrece(t) expression formula is：
srece(t)=s (t) cos [2 π (fc+Δfc)+(θc+Δθc)] (3)
S (t) is the baseband signal m after insertion pilot tone1(t) letter of the amount of offsetting received after wireless channel transmits
Number：
S (t)=m ' (t)+cos [2 π (f0+Δf0)t+(θ0+Δθ0)] (4)
Wherein, m ' (t) is the baseband signal m (t) being an actually-received, Δ f for the amount of offsetting0Believe for base band in transmission process
Number generate frequency deviation, Δ θ0The skew generated for baseband signal.
The frequency generated using first local oscillator is fcQuadrature carrier respectively with low-noise amplifier output
Signal multiplication carries out first time analog frequency mixing, and docking is received signal carrier and removed, obtains I/Q two paths of signals and be denoted as I (t) respectively
With Q (t), expression formula is as follows：
Wherein, Δ fcFor the frequency deviation that carrier wave in transmission process generates, Δ θcFor carrier wave generate skew, by I roads as reality
Portion, Q roads obtain complex signal y (t) as imaginary part：
The signal y (t) after orthogonal mixing is simulated when baseband signal s (t) difference received after being transmitted through wireless channel
It is modulated at low frequency carrier signalUpper and high frequency carrierOn the sum of signal, it is low
The frequency of frequency carrier wave and high frequency carrier point maybe carry out estimated frequency deviation Δ fc2 times of carrier frequency f is added with frequency deviationc。
Simulating signal y (t) the spectrum expression formulas after orthogonal mixing is：
Y (f)=S (f) * [δ (f- Δs fc)+δ(f-Δfc-2fc)]
=S (f- Δs fc)+S(f-Δfc-2fc) (8)
Wherein S (f) is the base-band signal spectrum that is received after wireless channel transmits, δ (f- Δs fc) it is low frequency carrier signalFrequency spectrum, δ (f- Δs fc-2fc) it is high frequency carrierFrequency spectrum.S(f-
Δfc) and S (f- Δs fc-2fc) it is that the base-band signal spectrum S (f) received after wireless channel transmits is moved from zero-frequency to Δ respectively
fcWith Δ fc+2fc, signal y is obtained after filtering high frequency section with broadband low-pass filterl0(t)：
Baseband signal y is obtained after filtering high frequency section with broadband filterl0(t) spectrum expression formula is：
Yl0(f)=S (f) * δ (f- Δs fc)
=S (f- Δs fc) (10)
Step 3 designs low-pass filter, to filtering out the signal y after radio-frequency componentl0(t) it is filtered.
Design bandwidth is the low-pass filter h (t) of B, and frequency-domain expression H (f) is：
Signal after orthogonal mixing is simulated is wider than frequency deviation Δ f by bandcLow-pass filter after, high frequency section is filtered
Except while frequency deviation information retained, pass through the signal time-domain expression y after low-pass filterl(t) it is：
Pass through the signal y after low-pass filter on frequency domainl(t) it is an opposite narrow band signal, bandwidth B is much smaller than filter
Except the signal y after radio-frequency componentl0(t) bandwidth B0=Rb。yl(t) frequency-domain expression Yl(f) it is：
Yl(f)=S (f- Δs fc),|f|<B (13)
Step 4, according to nyquist sampling theorem, to passing through the signal Y after low-pass filter in step 3l(f) carry out
Down-sampled processing obtains the digital signal after data volume reduces.
Step 4 is preferably as follows method realization：
According to nyquist sampling theorem, to passing through the signal Y after low-pass filter in step 3l(f) carry out down-sampled
It handles, in order to prevent signal aliasing, sample rate fsFor 2 times of filter bandwidht, the number after data volume reduces is obtained after sampling
Signal.Pass through the signal Y after low-pass filter in step 3l(f) bandwidth B is tens MHz, and data rate RbFor tens
Gbps, therefore, data processing amount are substantially reduced, sampling rate fsFrom 2RbIt is reduced to 2B.According to the opposite of transmitter and receiver
Movement velocity v is different, and usual data processing amount is reduced to 5~6 orders of magnitude.
Modulation and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) are gone in step 5, the digital signal progress square after being reduced to data volume in step 4
Afterwards, corresponding frequency deviation Δ f is found by searching for the position L of maximum spectral peakc, so as to fulfill in low signal-to-noise ratio, low sampling rate condition
The offset estimation of lower Larger Dynamic scope.
Digital signal after being reduced to data volume in step 4 carries out square going to modulate in time domain, eliminates modulated signal
It influences.Time domain on square is equivalent to frequency domain convolution, obtains its frequency-domain expression：
There is S (f)=S for the frequency-domain expression of arbitrary real number signal s (t)*(- f), as f=-2 Δs fcShi You：
Make ω=τ-Δ fc, formula (15) is equivalent to：
As f=-2 Δs fcWhen, convolution results are equivalent to signal in 2B- Δs fcGross energy.If f is other values, regard as not
Result after related two signal multiplications integration.Therefore f is in -2 Δ fcThe integrated value at place is maximum.So to square after signal carry out
The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of N points and Modulus of access find corresponding frequency deviation Δ f by the position L for searching for maximum spectral peakc：
Δfc=-(L-1-N/2) × f_s/N/2 (17)
Realize the offset estimation of the Larger Dynamic scope under the conditions of low signal-to-noise ratio, low sampling rate.
Step 6, the frequency deviation Δ f that step 5 is obtainedcIt feeds back to first local oscillator in step 2 and carries out carrier wave benefit
It repays, makes receiving terminal local carrier frequency and the carrier frequency of signal that receiving terminal antenna receives keeps dynamic synchronization.
The frequency deviation Δ f that step 5 is obtainedcFeed back in step 2 that first local oscillator is into line frequency amendment, with lock
Phase ring obtains carrier wave frequency deviation exact value and continue locking signal to revised signal progress carrier track passes through carrier tracking loop
Road detection receives the phase difference between signal and local carrier, constantly adjusts frequency, the phase of local carrier, makes receiving terminal local
The carrier frequency for the signal that the orthogonal carrier frequencies and receiving terminal antenna that carrier frequency i.e. first oscillator generates receive is kept
Dynamic synchronization, and then realize carrier synchronization and obtain the baseband bank signal s (t) for having code inclined after carrier wave is removed.
Step 7, the baseband bank signal s (t) for having code inclined after the carrier wave that step 6 obtains is removed carry out second and simulate
Orthogonal mixing.
The frequency generated using second local oscillator is f0Orthogonal signalling obtained respectively with step 6 carrier wave stripping
Orthogonal mixing is simulated in baseband bank signal s (t) multiplications for having code inclined from after for the second time.Simulating for the second time makes in orthogonal mixing
Orthogonal signalling are respectively：-sin(2πf0+θ0) and cos (2 π f0+θ0).The letter of the I/Q two-way after orthogonal mixing is simulated for the second time
Number i (t) and q (t) are denoted as respectively, expression formula is as follows：
Step 8 filters the I/Q two paths of signals i (t) after simulating orthogonal mixing for the second time, q (t) using low-pass filter
Ripple filters out high frequency section, obtains, by low-pass filter Hou I/Q roads signal, being denoted as i respectively0(t) and q0(t)。
The I/Q two paths of signals i (t) after simulating orthogonal mixing for the second time, q (t) are filtered using low-pass filter, filtered out
High frequency section.Since speed of related movement v is not known between transceiver, the frequency for leading to not accurately definite pilot signal is inclined
Shifting amount Δ f0, so I/Q two paths of signals i (t) after orthogonal mixing will be simulated for the second time, q (t) is respectively B's ' by bandwidth
Low-pass filter, the filter bandwidht B ' are not less than Δ f0, to ensure that frequency deviation information is retained.By low-pass filter
Hou I/Q roads signal is denoted as i respectively0(t) and q0(t)：
I in above formula0(t) and q0(t) cosine and sine signal of low frequency is equivalent to, to frequency offset Δ f0And phase offset
Measure Δ θ0Estimation be to i0(t) and q0(t) estimation of the frequency and phase of cosine and sine signal in.
Step 9, according to nyquist sampling law, by i obtained by step 80(t) and q0(t) signal passes through low sampling rate
Analog-digital converter ADC is sampled, and is converted to digital signal i0(n) and q0(n) handled.
According to nyquist sampling law, signal spectrum aliasing in order to prevent, sample rate fs' must be not less than low-pass filter
Bandwidth B ' twice, by I/Q two paths of signals i0(t) and q0(t) it is f by sample ratesThe analog-digital converter ADC of ' >=2B ' is carried out
Sampling, becomes digital signal and is handled.I/Q two paths of signals after sampling is denoted as i respectively0(n) and q0(n), represent as follows：
By I/Q two paths of signals i0(n) and q0(n) it is f by sample rates' the methods that are sampled of analog-digital converter ADC
Subsequent arithmetic amount, than in existing method with 2RbFor computing of the sample rate directly to i (t), q (t) the signals method handled
Amount reduces by 3~4 orders of magnitude.
Step 10, by digital signal i after sampling0(n) and q0(n) synthesize complex signal x (n) and carry out fast Fourier change
FFT is changed, by observing complex signal x (n) spectral peaks, draws frequency offset Δ f0Estimate and phase pushing figure Δ θ0Estimate
Evaluation.
By the digital signal i after sampling0(n) and q0(n) complex signal is synthesized：
The frequency-region signal for carrying out obtaining after N point quick Fouriers conversion FFT, note Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) FFT to x (n) is X
(k), according to Fourier transform formula：
Know frequency spectrum in position by formula (21)There is peak value at place, therefore according to the position k of spectrum peak0Draw frequency
Rate offset Δ f0Estimate.
Pass through X (k0) real part data Xreal(k0) and imaginary data Ximag(k0) draw phase pushing figure Δ θ0Estimation
Value, Xreal(k0)、Ximag(k0) and Δ θ0Expression formula be：
Step 11, the frequency offset Δ f estimated by step 100With phase pushing figure Δ θ0, high speed analog-digital conversion is turned
The sample clock frequency and phase of parallel operation ADC compensates, and realizes synchronous for the bit timing of Terahertz communication；Due in step
Five have been carried out Nonlinear Transformation in Frequency Offset Estimation, and step 6 realizes carrier synchronization.So far, realize in low signal-to-noise ratio, low sampling rate condition
Under carrier synchronization it is synchronous with the bit timing to data-signal.
Advantageous effect
1st, the synchronous method of a kind of Terahertz communication disclosed by the invention, using the method energy of insertion low-power pilot signal
Enough accurate frequency shift (FS)s calculated between transceiver and phase offset.To avoid the addition of pilot signal to data signal waveforms
Change, present invention limitation pilot signal power is only a ten thousandth of baseband signal power, i.e. pilot signal transmission power ratio
The low 40dB of actual signal transmit power.The present invention makes receiving terminal extraction bit timing same to sacrifice smaller transmit power as cost
The complexity of the circuit of step substantially reduces, empirical tests, present invention can apply to signal-to-noise ratio down in the case of -3dB.
2nd, a kind of synchronous method for Terahertz communication disclosed by the invention, information rate is number in communicating to Terahertz
The signal of ten Gbps carries out low-pass filtering so that sampling rate no longer for 2 times of information rate and more than, but with tens of megahertzs
Processing data amount is reduced 3 orders of magnitude, greatly reduces intractability and hardware spending by sample rate hereby.
3rd, a kind of synchronous method for Terahertz communication disclosed by the invention, since progress square goes to modulate in time domain
Be equivalent on frequency domain and carry out related operation so that energy of the signal at frequency deviation be much larger than other positions energy, therefore
The peak value of frequency deviation position can be told under conditions of low signal-to-noise ratio, so algorithm is still applicable in, error range is generally tens
To hundreds of hertzs.
4th, a kind of synchronous method for Terahertz communication disclosed by the invention designs low-pass filtering according to the frequency deviation estimated
The bandwidth and sample rate of device, the dynamic range of offset estimation is very big, can be with the frequency deviation of ten megahertzs of estimative figure.
5th, a kind of synchronous method for Terahertz communication disclosed by the invention, can be applied to two-phase PSK
(Binary Phase Shift Keying, BPSK), four phase shift keying (Quadri Phase Shift Keying, QPSK)
The offset estimation under Different Modulations inside.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is Terahertz synchronous method flow chart；
Fig. 2 is transmitter schematic diagram；
Transmission signal spectrum figure when Fig. 3 is insertion pilot to powerratio baseband signal power low 40dB；
Fig. 4 is receiver schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is carrier synchronization structure diagram；
Fig. 6 is bit synchronization structure diagram；
Fig. 7 is that signal-to-noise ratio is 10dB, frequency offset estimation result figure when actual carrier frequency deviation is 8.9595MH.
Fig. 8 is that signal-to-noise ratio is 10dB, the inclined estimated result figure of code when actual code is 0.263MHz partially.
Specific embodiment：
Understand to make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and
Referring to the drawings, the present invention is described in more detail.
Embodiment 1：
To verify this method feasibility, modulated with two-phase PSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying, BPSK)
Exemplified by mode, wherein information rate Rb：10Gbps, insertion pilot carrier frequency f0：10GHz, carrier frequency fc：340GHz, relative motion
Speed v：7900m/s, the bandwidth B of low-pass filter 1：10MHZ, the bandwidth B of low-pass filter 2 '：5MHZ, first time sample rate
fs：40MHz, second of sample rate fs′：10MHz, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)：10dB, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) FFT points Ns：32768.
As shown in Figure 1, the disclosed synchronous method for Terahertz communication of the present embodiment, specific implementation step is as follows：
Step 1, sending end structure is as shown in Fig. 2, data base-band signal RbInformation rate for 10Gbps, i.e. data base
First zero point of the frequency spectrum of band signal m (t) is located at f0=RbAt=10GHz, that is, the single-tone pilot carrier frequency being inserted into is 10GHz.
Data base-band signal m (t) and the combination signal m of single-tone pilot tone1(t) it is expressed as shown in formula (1), wherein θ0=0.When pilot tone is believed
During the low 40dB of number power ratio data signal power, frequency spectrum is as shown in Figure 3.Digital signal is converted by digital analog converter (DAC)
For analog signal, the analog signal of output and the carrier frequency mixing of 340GHz are to Terahertz frequency range, by power amplifier and by day
Line is sent to wireless channel.
Step 2, the structure of receiving terminal is as shown in figure 4, the wireless signal that receiving terminal receives antenna passes through low noise amplification
Device, according to Doppler frequency shift calculation formula, the carrier wave frequency deviation Δ f of generationcFor
Code frequency shifted by delta f0ForTo prevent the loss of effective information, using simulation
The mode of orthogonal mixing is demodulated, and docking is received signal carrier and removed, and obtains simulating the I/Q two-way letter after orthogonal mixing
Number, radio-frequency component is filtered out with broadband low-pass filter, obtains the baseband signal being modulated on the carrier wave of a low frequency, this carrier wave
Frequency seek to the frequency deviation estimated.
Step 3, since step 2 obtains frequency deviation result 8.9595MHz, therefore the low-pass filter that design bandwidth is 10MHz,
Ensure that high frequency section is filtered out and frequency deviation information is retained, by I roads signal as real part, Q roads signal is collectively referred to as imaginary part
For complex signal.
Step 4 according to nyquist sampling theorem, is adopted to carrying out drop by the signal after low-pass filter in step 3
Sample is handled, in order to prevent signal aliasing, sample rate fsFor 2 times of filter bandwidht.First time sample rate fsIt is set to 40MHz, frequency
Resolving range is -10MHz~10MHz, and the digital signal after data volume reduces is obtained after sampling.When carrier frequency for 340GHz simultaneously
And speed of related movement v, when being the first universal speed, the Doppler shift of generation is 8.959MHz, therefore the sample rate energy of 40MHz
Enough differentiate the frequency deviation in the maximum magnitude that 340GHz carrier waves generate.
Step 5, the digital signal after being reduced to data volume in step 4 carry out square going to modulate in time domain, eliminate tune
The influence of signal processed.To square after signal do 32768 points of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Modulus of access, search for the position of maximum spectral peak
L is put, then corresponding frequency deviation can pass through (L-32768/2-1) × fs/ 32768/2 obtains, so as to fulfill in low signal-to-noise ratio, low adopt
The offset estimation of Larger Dynamic scope under the conditions of sample rate.It will be seen in fig. 7 that signal-to-noise ratio is 0dB, actual carrier frequency deviation is
Offset estimation error during 8.9595MHz is -181.0111Hz.
Step 6, after the local oscillator of receiving terminal analog down is fed back to the frequency offset estimation result that step 5 obtains
Into line frequency amendment, the signal that a frequency deviation is reduced to tens to hundreds of Hz can be obtained, carrier track is carried out using phaselocked loop
It obtains carrier wave frequency deviation exact value and continues locking signal, the phase received between signal and local carrier is detected by carrier wave ring
Difference constantly adjusts frequency, the phase of local carrier, is consistent the local oscillator of generation and the transmitting terminal carrier wave of signal, and then
The baseband bank signal s (t) for having code inclined after being removed to carrier wave.
Step 7, the baseband bank signal s (t) for having code inclined after the carrier wave that step 6 obtains is removed carry out second and simulate
Orthogonal mixing, the orthogonal signalling used are respectively-sin (2 π f0+θ0) and cos (2 π f0+θ0), wherein f0=10GHz, θ0=0.The
I/Q two paths of signals, which is obtained, after the secondary orthogonal mixing of simulation is denoted as i (t), q (t) respectively.
Step 8 will simulate the low pass filtered of I/Q two paths of signals after orthogonal mixing by bandwidth B ' be 5MHz for the second time
Ripple device filters out high order component, obtains the I/Q two-way baseband pilot signals i of frequency deviation, skew0(t) and q0(t)。
Step 9, according to nyquist sampling law, the spectral aliasing of digital signal after sampling in order to prevent, what is used is low
The sample rate f of sample rate analog-digital converter ADCs' must not less than low-pass filter bandwidth B ' twice.By I/Q two paths of signals i0
(t) and q0(t) it is f by sample ratesThe analog-digital converter ADC of '=10MHz is sampled, and becomes digital signal i0(n), q0
(n) handled.To baseband pilot signal i0(n) and q0(n) Digital Signal Processing is carried out to count to obtain pilot frequency offset amount
It is believed that the subsequent arithmetic amount of the method for number rate shift amount, than in existing method with 2RbIt is sample rate directly to the i in step 7
(t), the operand for the method that q (t) signals are handled reduces by 3~4 orders of magnitude.
Step 10, by the signal I/Q two ways of digital signals i after sampling0(n) and q0(n) complex signal x (n)=i is synthesized0
(n)+j·q0(n), 32768 point quick Fouriers conversion FFT, and then observation signal frequency spectrum are then carried out to complex signal x (n),
Signal spectrum peak position b is found out, according to formula (b-32768/2-1) × fs'/32768/2 draws frequency offset Δ f0Estimate
Evaluation.Pass through the real part data X of the corresponding X (b) of peak valuereal(b) and imaginary data Ximag(b), according to formula arctan=Ximag
(b)/Xreal(b) phase pushing figure Δ θ is drawn0Estimate.
Step 11, the frequency offset Δ f estimated by step 100With phase pushing figure Δ θ0, high speed analog-digital conversion is turned
The sample clock frequency and phase of parallel operation ADC compensates, and realizes that bit timing is synchronous, so far, realizes in low signal-to-noise ratio, low sampling
Carrier synchronization under the conditions of rate is synchronous with the bit timing to data-signal.
Above-described specific descriptions have carried out further specifically the purpose, technical solution and advantageous effect of invention
It is bright, it should be understood that the above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, the protection model being not intended to limit the present invention
It encloses, within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in the present invention
Protection domain within.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of synchronous method for Terahertz communication, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
The baseband signal for being inserted into pilot tone is upconverted to Terahertz frequency range, modulated high-frequency signal is obtained, through power by step 1
Wireless channel is sent to by antenna after amplifier amplification；
Step 2, the wireless signal s that day antenna receivesrece(t) by low-noise amplifier, then carry out simulating for the first time orthogonal
Frequency mixing processing simultaneously filters out radio-frequency component；
Step 3 designs low-pass filter, to filtering out the signal y after radio-frequency componentl0(t) filtered；；
Step 4, according to nyquist sampling theorem, to passing through the signal Y after low-pass filter in step 3l(f) drop is carried out to adopt
Sample processing obtains the digital signal after data volume reduces；
Step 5, after modulation and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) are gone in the digital signal progress square after being reduced to data volume in step 4,
Corresponding frequency deviation Δ f is found by the position L for searching for maximum spectral peakc, so as to fulfill big under the conditions of low signal-to-noise ratio, low sampling rate
The offset estimation of dynamic range；
Step 6, the frequency deviation Δ f that step 5 is obtainedcIt feeds back to first local oscillator in step 2 and carries out carrier compensation, make
The carrier frequency for the signal that receiving terminal local carrier frequency and receiving terminal antenna receive keeps dynamic synchronization；
Step 7, the baseband bank signal s (t) for having code inclined after the carrier wave that step 6 obtains is removed are simulated orthogonal for the second time
Mixing；
Step 8 filters the I/Q two paths of signals i (t) after simulating orthogonal mixing for the second time, q (t) using low-pass filter,
High frequency section is filtered out, obtains, by low-pass filter Hou I/Q roads signal, being denoted as i respectively0(t) and q0(t)；
Step 9, according to nyquist sampling law, by i obtained by step 80(t) and q0(t) modulus that signal passes through low sampling rate
Converter ADC is sampled, and is converted to digital signal i0(n) and q0(n) handled；
Step 10, by digital signal i after sampling0(n) and q0(n) synthesize complex signal x (n) and carry out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
FFT by observing complex signal x (n) spectral peaks, draws frequency offset Δ f0Estimate and phase pushing figure Δ θ0Estimation
Value；
Step 11, the frequency offset Δ f estimated by step 100With phase pushing figure Δ θ0, to high-speed AD converter
The sample clock frequency and phase of ADC compensates, and realizes synchronous for the bit timing of Terahertz communication；Due in step 5
Through realizing Nonlinear Transformation in Frequency Offset Estimation, step 6 realizes carrier synchronization；So far, realize under the conditions of low signal-to-noise ratio, low sampling rate
Carrier synchronization is synchronous with the bit timing to data-signal.
2. a kind of synchronous method for Terahertz communication as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 1 implements
Method is,
Transmitting terminal is R in information ratebFirst zero point f of baseband signal m (t) frequency spectrums0=RbPlace's insertion low-power single-tone pilot tone
Signal, the baseband signal m of synthesis insertion pilot tone1(t)：
m1(t)=m (t)+cos (2 π f0t+θ0) (1)
Wherein, wherein f0For pilot carrier frequency, that is, baseband signal m1(t) frequency, θ0For baseband signal m1(t) initial phase, cos
(2πf0t+θ0) for the low-power single-tone pilot signal of insertion, the power of power ratio baseband signal m (t) is down to 40dB；It will insertion
The baseband signal of pilot tone upconverts to Terahertz frequency range after being converted to analog signal by digital analog converter DAC, after obtaining modulation
High-frequency signal：
yb=m1(t)cos(2πfct+θc) (2)
Wherein fcFor carrier frequency, θcFor carrier wave initial phase.
3. a kind of synchronous method for Terahertz communication as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：Step 2 implements
Method is,
Due to Doppler effect and clock drift, carrier frequency fcAnd phase thetacAnd the baseband signal m of insertion pilot tone1
(t) frequency f0And phase theta0Offset, the wireless signal s that antenna receives will be generatedrece(t) expression formula is：
srece(t)=s (t) cos [2 π (fc+Δfc)+(θc+Δθc)] (3)
S (t) is the baseband signal m after insertion pilot tone1(t) signal of the amount of offsetting received after wireless channel transmits：
S (t)=m ' (t)+cos [2 π (f0+Δf0)t+(θ0+Δθ0)] (4)
Wherein, m ' (t) is the baseband signal m (t) being an actually-received, Δ f for the amount of offsetting0It is produced for baseband signal in transmission process
Raw frequency deviation, Δ θ0The skew generated for baseband signal；
The frequency generated using first local oscillator is fcQuadrature carrier respectively with low-noise amplifier output signal phase
Multiply and carry out first time analog frequency mixing, docking is received signal carrier and removed, obtains I/Q two paths of signals and be denoted as I (t) and Q respectively
(t), expression formula is as follows：
Wherein, Δ fcFor the frequency deviation that carrier wave in transmission process generates, Δ θcFor carrier wave generate skew, by I roads as real part, Q roads
Complex signal y (t) is obtained as imaginary part：
The signal y (t) after orthogonal mixing is simulated when the baseband signal s (t) received after being transmitted through wireless channel is modulated respectively
In low frequency carrier signalUpper and high frequency carrierOn the sum of signal, low frequency carrier signal
Estimated frequency deviation Δ f maybe be carried out with the frequency point of high frequency carrierc2 times of carrier frequency f is added with frequency deviationc；
Simulating signal y (t) the spectrum expression formulas after orthogonal mixing is：
Y (f)=S (f) * [δ (f- Δs fc)+δ(f-Δfc-2fc)]
=S (f- Δs fc)+S(f-Δfc-2fc) (8)
Wherein S (f) is the base-band signal spectrum that is received after wireless channel transmits, δ (f- Δs fc) it is low frequency carrier signalFrequency spectrum, δ (f- Δs fc-2fc) it is high frequency carrierFrequency spectrum；S(f-Δ
fc) and S (f- Δs fc-2fc) it is that the base-band signal spectrum S (f) received after wireless channel transmits is moved from zero-frequency to Δ f respectivelyc
With Δ fc+2fc, signal y is obtained after filtering high frequency section with broadband low-pass filterl0(t)：
Baseband signal y is obtained after filtering high frequency section with broadband filterl0(t) spectrum expression formula is：
Yl0(f)=S (f) * δ (f- Δs fc)
=S (f- Δs fc) (10)。
4. a kind of synchronous method for Terahertz communication as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：Step 3 implements
Method is,
Design bandwidth is the low-pass filter h (t) of B, and frequency-domain expression H (f) is：
Signal after orthogonal mixing is simulated is wider than frequency deviation Δ f by bandcLow-pass filter after, what high frequency section was filtered out
Frequency deviation information is retained simultaneously, passes through the signal time-domain expression y after low-pass filterl(t) it is：
Pass through the signal y after low-pass filter on frequency domainl(t) it is an opposite narrow band signal, bandwidth B is much smaller than filtering out height
Signal y after frequency ingredientl0(t) bandwidth B0=Rb；The frequency-domain expression Y of y (t)l(f) it is：
Yl(f)=S (f- Δs fc), |f|<B (13)。
5. a kind of synchronous method for Terahertz communication as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：Step 4 implements
Method is,
According to nyquist sampling theorem, to passing through the signal Y after low-pass filter in step 3l(f) down-sampled processing is carried out,
Signal aliasing in order to prevent, sample rate fsFor 2 times of filter bandwidht, the digital signal after data volume reduces is obtained after sampling.
6. a kind of synchronous method for Terahertz communication as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：Step 5 implements
Method is,
Digital signal after being reduced to data volume in step 4 carries out square going to modulate in time domain, eliminates the shadow of modulated signal
It rings；Time domain on square is equivalent to frequency domain convolution, obtains its frequency-domain expression：
There is S (f)=S for the frequency-domain expression of arbitrary real number signal s (t)*(- f), as f=-2 Δs fcShi You：
Make ω=τ-Δ fc, formula (15) is equivalent to：
As f=-2 Δs fcWhen, convolution results are equivalent to signal in 2B- Δs fcGross energy；If f is other values, regard uncorrelated as
Result after two signal multiplication integrations；Therefore f is in -2 Δ fcThe integrated value at place is maximum；So to square after signal carry out N points
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Modulus of access, corresponding frequency deviation Δ f is found by the position L for searching for maximum spectral peakc：
Δfc=-(L-1-N/2) × f_s/N/2 (17)
Realize the offset estimation of the Larger Dynamic scope under the conditions of low signal-to-noise ratio, low sampling rate.
7. a kind of synchronous method for Terahertz communication as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that：Step 6 implements
Method is,
The frequency deviation Δ f that step 5 is obtainedcIt feeds back to first local oscillator in step 2 and, into line frequency amendment, uses phaselocked loop
Carrier track acquisition carrier wave frequency deviation exact value is carried out to revised signal and continues locking signal examining by carrier tracking loop
The phase difference received between signal and local carrier is surveyed, frequency, the phase of local carrier is constantly adjusted, makes receiving terminal local carrier
The carrier frequency for the signal that the orthogonal carrier frequencies and receiving terminal antenna that frequency i.e. first oscillator generates receive keeps dynamic
It is synchronous, and then realize carrier synchronization and obtain the baseband bank signal s (t) for having code inclined after carrier wave is removed.
8. a kind of synchronous method for Terahertz communication as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that：Step 7 implements
Method is,
The frequency generated using second local oscillator is f0The carrier wave that is obtained respectively with step 6 of orthogonal signalling remove after have
Orthogonal mixing is simulated in inclined baseband bank signal s (t) multiplications of code for the second time；It simulates and is used just in orthogonal mixing for the second time
Hand over signal be respectively：-sin(2πf0+θ0) and cos (2 π f0+θ0)；The difference of the I/Q two paths of signals after orthogonal mixing is simulated for the second time
I (t) and q (t) are denoted as, expression formula is as follows：
。
9. a kind of synchronous method for Terahertz communication as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that：Step 8 implements
Method is,
The I/Q two paths of signals i (t) after simulating orthogonal mixing for the second time, q (t) are filtered using low-pass filter, filter out high frequency
Part；Since speed of related movement v is not known between transceiver, lead to not the frequency offset of accurately definite pilot signal
Δf0, so I/Q two paths of signals i (t) after orthogonal mixing will be simulated for the second time, q (t) is respectively by low pass that bandwidth is B '
Wave filter, the filter bandwidht B ' are not less than Δ f0, to ensure that frequency deviation information is retained；After low-pass filter
I/Q roads signal is denoted as i respectively0(t) and q0(t)：
I in above formula0(t) and q0(t) cosine and sine signal of low frequency is equivalent to, to frequency offset Δ f0With phase pushing figure Δ θ0
Estimation be to i0(t) and q0(t) estimation of the frequency and phase of cosine and sine signal in.
10. a kind of synchronous method for Terahertz communication as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that：Step 9 is specifically real
Showing method is,
According to nyquist sampling law, signal spectrum aliasing in order to prevent, sample rate fs' must be not less than low-pass filter bandwidth
Twice of B ', by I/Q two paths of signals i0(t) and q0(t) it is f by sample ratesThe analog-digital converter ADC of ' >=2B ' is sampled,
Become digital signal to be handled；I/Q two paths of signals after sampling is denoted as i respectively0(n) and q0(n), represent as follows：
Step 10 concrete methods of realizing is,
By the digital signal i after sampling0(n) and q0(n) complex signal is synthesized：
The frequency-region signal for carrying out obtaining after N point quick Fouriers conversion FFT, note Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) FFT to x (n) is X (k),
According to Fourier transform formula：
Know frequency spectrum in position by formula (21)There is peak value at place, therefore according to the position k of spectrum peak0Show that frequency is inclined
Shifting amount Δ f0Estimate；
Pass through X (k0) real part data Xreal(k0) and imaginary data Ximag(k0) draw phase pushing figure Δ θ0Estimate, Xreal
(k0)、Ximag(k0) and Δ θ0Expression formula be：
Step 11 concrete methods of realizing is,
The frequency offset Δ f estimated by step 100With phase pushing figure Δ θ0, the sampling to high-speed AD converter ADC
Clock frequency and phase compensate, and realize synchronous for the bit timing of Terahertz communication；Due to having been carried out carrying in step 5
Ripple offset estimation, step 6 realize carrier synchronization；So far, the carrier synchronization under the conditions of low signal-to-noise ratio, low sampling rate is realized
It is synchronous with the bit timing to data-signal.
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