CN108067048B - Double-cone cylindrical demister - Google Patents
Double-cone cylindrical demister Download PDFInfo
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- CN108067048B CN108067048B CN201610990977.1A CN201610990977A CN108067048B CN 108067048 B CN108067048 B CN 108067048B CN 201610990977 A CN201610990977 A CN 201610990977A CN 108067048 B CN108067048 B CN 108067048B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
- B01D45/04—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by utilising inertia
- B01D45/08—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by utilising inertia by impingement against baffle separators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
- B01D45/12—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces
- B01D45/16—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces generated by the winding course of the gas stream, the centrifugal forces being generated solely or partly by mechanical means, e.g. fixed swirl vanes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a double-cone cylindrical demister. The demister comprises a plurality of parallel demisting components, each demisting component comprises a gas lift pipe and an outer cylinder, and the outer cylinder is arranged outside the gas lift pipe and preferably on the same axis with the gas lift pipe; the gas lift pipe is fixed on the tower tray, and the top of the gas lift pipe is provided with a sealing cover plate; a plurality of rectifying channels are uniformly arranged on the circumference of the gas lift pipe, the rectifying channels are horizontally embedded along the tangential direction of the outer wall of the gas lift pipe, the side wall I of one side, close to the outer cylinder, of each rectifying channel is tangent to the wall of the gas lift pipe, the other side wall II of the rectifying channel is intersected with the wall of the gas lift pipe, and the rotating directions of the rectifying channels are the same; the top of the rectification channel is flush with the cover plate, and the bottom of the rectification channel is intersected with the tube wall of the gas lift tube; the diameters of the outer cylinder and the gas lift pipe are continuously reduced or reduced in a step shape from bottom to top. The demister disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, small pressure drop, difficulty in scaling and convenience in installation, reduces entrainment and can effectively realize gas-liquid separation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to gas-liquid separation equipment, in particular to a double-cone cylindrical demister.
Background
Large amount of SO is generated in the production process of industries such as electric power, metallurgy, petrochemical industry and the like2And dust and other harmful substances, which bring serious acid rain hazard and haze weather, is the air pollutant which is currently controlled in China. At present, the wet desulphurization technology is generally adopted in the field of environmental protection to remove harmful substances such as sulfur dioxide in flue gas, namely, alkali liquor is sprayed on the flue gas to absorb or adsorb the harmful substances. However, in the wet desulfurization process, the flue gas desulfurized by the absorption tower contains a large amount of fine liquid drops with the particle size of about 10-60 microns, and sulfuric acid, sulfate and SO are dissolved in the liquid drops2And the like, not only can cause pollution to the atmospheric environment, but also can cause serious corrosion and scaling to subsequent equipment. Thus, when using a wet desulfurization process, the cleaned gas must be demisted prior to exiting the absorber tower, and the demisting step is accomplished by means of a demister.
The defroster generally sets up at the absorption tower top, and when the gas that contains the mist passes through the defroster with certain speed, can collide with defroster inner structure to attach on its surface. Mist on the surface of the inner structure of the demister can be gradually gathered under the action of diffusion and gravity, and after the weight reaches a certain level, the mist can be separated from the inner structure of the demister, so that gas-liquid separation is realized. When the demister causes resistance drop to increase to a preset value due to scaling in the operation process, a backwashing program needs to be started to wash the demister, generally, washing nozzles need to be arranged at the air inlet end and the air exhaust end of the demister, and the gas phase can be seriously carried to the liquid phase to cause liquid entrainment of the gas phase.
Common demisters include a wire mesh demister, a herringbone plate demister, a spiral-flow plate demister and the like. Although the wire mesh demister can separate common mist, the mist is required to be clean, the flow velocity of air flow is small, resistance is reduced greatly, the service cycle is short, and the equipment investment is large. The current demister is generally arranged horizontally, the gas flowing direction of the demister is perpendicular to a wire mesh, when the gas velocity is low, entrained mist is small in inertia, the mist waves in the gas and cannot be removed due to collision contact with the wire mesh, and the gas is easy to generate secondary entrainment to the liquid drops due to the fact that separated liquid drops and the gas phase are in a countercurrent flow direction, so that the gas-liquid separation efficiency is reduced, and the wire mesh demister also has the problems of easy blockage, large pressure drop and the like. The blade type and herringbone demister are internally provided with baffle plates with different directions and different shapes so as to form a small flow channel, increase the demisting effect, and have more complex structure and poor separation effect. The whirl plate defroster is the same with the gaseous flow direction by the separation liquid drop, easily produces the secondary and smugglies secretly, reduces defogging efficiency to the pressure drop is big, and the energy consumption is higher.
The demisting element introduced in CN200410014713.X consists of a baffle plate and a flue gas flow field adjusting block, wherein the baffle plate is fixed on the flue gas flow field adjusting block, and the density and the shape of the baffle plate are changed according to the change of flow field parameters at each position of a flow section, so that the flow section of airflow in an absorption tower is uniformly distributed, and the phenomenon of gas-liquid countercurrent in the drop falling process can not be avoided, namely secondary entrainment is easy to generate.
The defroster that CN200920128824.1 introduced comprises cooler, thick defroster and smart defroster etc. and thick defroster is wave plate or defogging board, and smart defroster is the wire net, and this defroster has changed the shortcoming that traditional defroster liquid drop and air current direction flow against the current, has improved defogging efficiency, but this defroster structure is more complicated, and the preparation is difficult, owing to adopted the wire net structure moreover, the defroster pressure drop is great, also blocks up relatively easily.
The reverse-shaped baffling type demister introduced in CN203724890U comprises a plurality of demisting components, each demisting component comprises a gas lift pipe and an outer cylinder, a plurality of slits are formed in the circumference of the gas lift pipe, grooves and tangential flow guide wings which play a role in flow guide are arranged on the circumference of the gas lift pipe close to the slits, and the outer cylinder is in an inverted cone shape. The separation of liquid drops and gas is realized through multiple baffling of fluid in the flowing process, the liquid drops with smaller particle size can be effectively removed, and the demisting efficiency is higher. However, after the gas flows through the tangential flow guide wings, the gas direction is still relatively divergent and not concentrated enough, the gas speed is reduced, and the impact force is smaller when the gas collides with the inner wall of the outer barrel, so that the demisting effect is influenced. And this defroster mainly relies on the baffling to make the gaseous direction change, thereby gaseous and solid wall bumps and realizes gas-liquid separation, and is better to great liquid drop defogging effect, nevertheless is not obvious to the droplet effect, and this defroster structure is more complicated, and the easy scale deposit in the space between gas-lift pipe and the tangential water conservancy diversion wing. And because the outer cylinder is in an inverted cone shape, the flow velocity of the gas flowing downwards is improved, the blown liquid drops fall quickly, and entrainment is easy to cause.
US7618472B2 provides a vane type demister comprised of corrugated plates, flat plates, louvers, etc. and defining a plurality of cavities or channels. After the gas-liquid mixture enters the demister, the fluid flow channel is deviated, so that the flow direction of the fluid can be changed for a plurality of times, the speed change is very fast, and the liquid phase is easily separated from the gas phase. In the process of separating the liquid phase from the gas phase, gas-liquid cross flow can be realized, so that the secondary entrainment effect of the gas phase on liquid drops is greatly reduced, but the technology has a very complex structure, high processing difficulty and high corresponding processing and manufacturing cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a double-cone cylindrical demister. The demister disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, small pressure drop, difficulty in scaling and convenience in installation, reduces entrainment and can effectively realize gas-liquid separation.
The double-cone cylindrical demister comprises a plurality of parallel demisting assemblies, each demisting assembly comprises a gas lift pipe and an outer cylinder, and the outer cylinder is arranged on the outer side of the gas lift pipe and preferably on the same axis with the gas lift pipe; the gas lift pipe is fixed on the tower tray, and the top of the gas lift pipe is provided with a sealing cover plate; a plurality of rectifying channels are uniformly arranged on the circumference of the gas lift pipe, the rectifying channels are horizontally embedded along the tangential direction of the outer wall of the gas lift pipe, the side wall I of one side, close to the outer cylinder, of each rectifying channel is tangent to the wall of the gas lift pipe, the other side wall II of the rectifying channel is intersected with the wall of the gas lift pipe, and the rotating directions of the rectifying channels are the same; the top of the rectification channel is flush with the cover plate, and the bottom of the rectification channel is intersected with the tube wall of the gas lift tube; the diameter of the outer cylinder is continuously reduced or reduced in a step shape from bottom to top, and the diameter of the riser is continuously reduced or reduced in a step shape from bottom to top.
In the demister, when the diameter of the outer cylinder is continuously reduced from bottom to top, the outer cylinder is conical, and the cone angle theta of the outer cylinder is 20-80 degrees, preferably 30-60 degrees.
In the demister, when the diameter of the gas-lifting pipe is continuously reduced from bottom to top, the gas-lifting pipe is conical, and the cone angle phi of the gas-lifting pipe is 30-80 degrees, preferably 45-60 degrees.
In the demister, the diameter of the outer cylinder is reduced from bottom to top in a step shape and generally comprises 2-10 cylinder sections, the diameter of the adjacent cylinder sections is reduced by 2% -10%, and the diameter of the top of each cylinder section is 0.4-0.9 times of that of the bottom of each cylinder section.
In the demister, when the diameter of the gas rising pipe is reduced from bottom to top in a step shape, the gas rising pipe generally consists of 2-10 cylindrical sections, the diameter reduction range of adjacent cylindrical sections is 2% -10%, and the diameter of the top part is 0.5-0.9 times of the diameter of the bottom part.
In the demister, the inner wall of the cover plate has certain roughness, and the inner wall of the cover plate can be provided with structures such as grooves or bulges.
In the demister, the area of the top of the outer cylinder is 0.2-0.8 times of the cross section area of the inlet of the gas lift pipe. The top of the outer cylinder and the top of the gas lift pipe are at a certain distance P, and P is 1-8 times, preferably 2-5 times, of the height of the tangential flow guide channel. The area of any cross section of the outer cylinder part above the top of the draft tube is smaller than the circular ring area of the section of the top of the draft tube (namely the cross section area of the gap between the top of the draft tube and the outer cylinder).
In the demister, the lower edge of the outer cylinder is away from the tower tray by a certain distance B and is lower than the lower edge of the rectifying channel, and the distance B between the lower edge of the outer cylinder and the tower tray is 5-100 mm, preferably 20-50 mm.
In the demister, the total height H of the outer cylinder is 2.5-10 times, preferably 3-5 times of the height of the tangential flow guide channel.
In the demister, the conical top of the outer cylinder can be connected with a straight cylinder section and/or an inverted cone section; the height of the straight cylinder section is 1/20-1/10 of the height H of the outer cylinder; the height of the inverted cone cylinder section is 1/10-1/5 of the height H of the outer cylinder. The connection sequence from bottom to top is generally as follows: (1) a conical section, a straight cylinder section and an inverted conical section; (2) a conical section and a straight section; (3) a tapered section and an inverted tapered section. The section diameters of the connecting parts of the conical sections are the same, and welding or integral forming can be adopted. In the demister of the invention, the number of the rectifying channels is generally 1-12, preferably 4-8. The wall thickness of the rectifying channel is preferably the same as the wall thickness of the riser.
In the demister, the length l of the rectifying channel is the length of the side wall II, the width w is the maximum horizontal distance between the two side walls of the rectifying channel, and the height h is the maximum vertical distance between the top and the bottom of the rectifying channel; wherein the length l is 2-5 times, preferably 3-4 times of the width w. The cross section of the rectifying channel is in one or more combinations of a parallelogram, an ellipse, a circle, a trapezoid or a semicircle, and the like, and preferably in one or more combinations of a parallelogram, an ellipse or a circle. The size of the rectifying channel is determined by a person skilled in the art according to actual working conditions or design requirements, and if the height h of the rectifying channel is 50-600 mm generally, and is preferably 100-300 mm; the width w of the rectifying channel is generally 10-200 mm, preferably 20-100 mm. The total cross section area of the rectification channel is 0.2-0.9 times of the cross section area of the gas lift pipe, and preferably 0.3-0.6 times of the cross section area of the gas lift pipe.
In the demister, the side wall I of the rectifying channel is not flush with the outer end (the end far away from the inner cylinder, the lower end is the same) of the side wall II, the outer end of the side wall II is longer than the outer end of the side wall I by a distance a, and the distance a is 0.2-0.8 times, preferably 0.3-0.6 times of the width w of the rectifying channel.
In the demister, the tail end of the side wall II of the rectifying channel (close to one end of the inner cylinder, the same below) can be flush with the inner wall of the gas lift pipe or extend into the gas lift pipe for a certain distance m, wherein m is 0.1-0.9 times, preferably 0.3-0.6 times of the length l. When the tail end of the side wall II of the rectifying channel is flush with the inner wall of the gas lift pipe, the tail end of the bottom of the rectifying channel is also flush with the inner wall of the gas lift pipe; when the side wall II of the rectifying channel extends into the interior of the gas lift pipe for a certain distance m, the tail end of the bottom of the rectifying channel is flush with the tail end of the side wall.
In the demister, the bottom of the rectifying channel is away from the tower tray by a certain distance A, and the distance A is 20-200 mm, preferably 40-80 mm.
In the demister, the lower end of the riser is flush with or lower than the tower tray by a certain distance, and the riser and the tower tray are hermetically connected; the diameter of the chimneys and the opening of the trays can be determined by one skilled in the art according to the actual operating conditions or design requirements.
In the demister, the rectifying channel, the cover plate and the gas rising pipe can be welded together or integrally formed.
In the demister of the invention, the inner surface of the outer cylinder is provided with grooves and/or bulges. The groove or the bulge is parallel to the axis of the outer cylinder, or can form a certain included angle with the axis; the grooves or the bulges can be regularly arranged or randomly arranged on the inner wall of the outer barrel; the grooves or the protrusions can be continuously arranged or discontinuously arranged along the inner wall of the outer cylinder. The cross section of the groove or the bulge can also be in a proper shape such as a rectangle, a triangle or a circle.
In the demister of the invention, the inner surface of the outer cylinder is preferably provided with a groove with a cross section shape as shown in fig. 4, and the cross section of the groove is composed of an arc and a straight line segment; wherein, the intersection points of the circular arc and the circumference of the inner surface of the outer cylinder are respectively provided with tangent lines of the circular arc and the circumference, the included angle between the tangent lines is alpha, the alpha is 5-70 degrees, and preferably 10-40 degrees; the included angle between the tangent of the arc at the intersection point of the arc and the straight line segment is beta, wherein the beta is 30-110 degrees, and preferably 45-90 degrees. The depth Z of the groove, namely the shortest distance from the intersection point of the circular arc and the straight line section to the circumference of the inner surface of the outer cylinder is 0.1-0.7 times of the wall thickness of the outer cylinder, and preferably 0.3-0.5 times; the arc length between the intersection point of the arc and the circumference of the inner surface of the outer cylinder and the intersection point of the straight line segment and the circumference of the inner surface of the outer cylinder is 1/80-1/6 of the circumference of the inner surface of the outer cylinder.
In the demister, the lower end opening of the outer cylinder can be arranged into a zigzag or wavy structure, so that separated liquid is more favorably dripped from the inner wall of the outer cylinder into continuous flow.
The connection parts of the components of the demister are sealed, and the phenomenon of air leakage is avoided.
When the demister of the invention works, gas carrying liquid drops enters the riser from the space at the lower part of the tower tray, gas phase carries liquid phase to rise, because the diameter of the riser is gradually reduced from bottom to top, the gas flow area is reduced, the speed is continuously increased, the contact probability among liquid drops in the gas phase is increased, more small drops collide with each other and are gathered into larger drops in the flowing process from bottom to top, the flowing direction of the gas phase is changed after meeting the sealing cover plate, that is, the ascending direction is changed into the horizontal direction or the approximately horizontal direction, the larger drops and part of small drops formed by aggregation collide with the cover plate due to the inertia effect and are attached to the cover plate, the attached drops become larger gradually, when the liquid drops are large enough to generate gravity exceeding the resultant force of the rising force of the gas and the surface tension of the liquid, the liquid drops are separated from the surface of the cover plate, and the first gas-liquid separation is completed. The gas carrying the liquid drops enters the rectifying channel along the horizontal direction or the approximate horizontal direction, because the rectifying channel has a certain length, and the total sectional area of the rectifying channel is smaller than the sectional area of the riser, the original gas carrying the liquid drops with a relatively dispersed speed direction is changed into the direction along the rectifying channel after entering the rectifying channel, the speed direction is relatively regular and concentrated, and because the flow area is reduced, the speed of the gas carrying the liquid drops is increased after entering the rectifying channel. When the speed direction of the gas carrying the liquid drops is changed, part of the liquid drops collide with the inner wall of the rectifying channel and are attached to the inner wall of the rectifying channel, and then the gas flowing through the rectifying channel continuously blows out of the rectifying channel and falls down to complete secondary gas-liquid separation. Meanwhile, in the rectifying channel, because the speed direction of the gas carrying the liquid drops is changed, part of the small liquid drops collide with each other under the action of inertia force, the small liquid drops are gathered into large liquid drops, and the speed of the gas carrying the liquid drops is increased when the gas flows through the rectifying channel, so that the movement of the liquid drops is intensified, the probability of the mutual collision of the small liquid drops is improved, the small liquid drops are easier to gather into the large liquid drops and flow out of the rectifying channel along with the gas at a higher speed; because the rectifying channel has a certain height, and the diameter of the riser pipe is gradually reduced from bottom to top, the speed of the gas which enters the rectifying channel and carries the liquid drops has a smaller speed gradient along the height direction, and the speed is slightly different, so that the gas forms a local smaller pressure difference when flowing in the rectifying channel, the movement of the gas carrying the liquid drops is intensified, small liquid drops are more easily gathered into large liquid drops, and the large liquid drops flow out of the rectifying channel along with the gas. And because the gas lift pipe and the outer cylinder are both conical, the included angle between the side wall of the rectifying channel and the axis is the same as the included angle between the gas lift pipe and the axis, and the outer end of the side wall II is longer than the outer end of the side wall I by a certain distance, so that the distances between the inner wall of the outer cylinder and each point on the outlet section of the rectifying channel are basically the same, the gas almost simultaneously collides with the inner wall of the outer cylinder after flowing out of each part of the outlet section of the rectifying channel and changes directions again, and the flow field distribution is more uniform and. At this time, the gas carrying the liquid drops has a larger speed, the speed direction is concentrated, the carried liquid drops are larger, the gas continuously collides with the inner wall of the outer barrel, and the flowing direction of the gas is changed again, namely, the gas carrying the liquid drops changes from the direction along the rectifying channel to the direction along the circumference of the inner wall of the outer barrel. Meanwhile, after the gas flows out of the tangential diversion channel, when the gas carrying liquid drops flows to the gap between the riser and the outer cylinder, the velocity of the gas carrying liquid drops is slightly reduced due to the increase of the flow area, the retention time of the gas carrying liquid drops is increased, and the large liquid drops with the gravity larger than the rising force of the gas are separated, so that the third gas-liquid separation is completed. Because the gas carrying with the liquid drops has higher speed and flows upwards along the inner wall of the outer cylinder provided with the groove in a rotating way, a relatively obvious scraping effect can be generated. The scraping effect means that when high-speed gas carrying liquid drops flows upwards along the inner wall of the outer barrel in a rotating mode, the liquid drops are thrown to the outer edge continuously under the action of inertia force, the liquid drops enter the groove and move along the arc section in the groove, due to the fact that the included angle alpha is 5-70 degrees, the liquid drops can continue to move smoothly along the arc surface of the groove, contact and gathering among the liquid drops are enlarged until the straight line section of the groove is obstructed, the gathered and enlarged liquid drops are in strong impact with the wall surface of the straight line section and are attached to the wall surface of the straight line section, the liquid drops continue to gather and enlarge, and then flow downwards along the inner wall of the outer barrel; and the gas continuously rotates along the inner wall of the outer barrel to flow upwards, so that gas-liquid separation is realized for the fourth time, and entrainment is reduced. When the gas continuously flows upwards along the inner wall of the outer barrel in a rotating manner, the gas continuously rubs against the inner wall of the outer barrel to lose part of energy, so that the gas speed is reduced, but because the outer barrel is provided with a section of conical section, the flow area is continuously reduced when the gas rises, the rising gas speed is basically kept unchanged, a stronger scraping effect can be still kept, and the gas-liquid separation can be effectively realized between the rectifying channel and the minimum section of the conical section. The tapered section of the outer cylinder is connected with the straight cylinder section and/or the inverted cylinder section, so that the flow speed of the gas flowing through the section is reduced, and the gas is uniformly distributed. Through the rectification, acceleration and scraping effect, the liquid drops and the gas are separated in the flowing process of the fluid.
The demister is applied to an absorption tower adopting a wet desulphurization process, and generally the gas velocity entering a gas lift pipe is 3-20m/s, the gas velocity at the outlet of a rectifying channel is 10-40m/s, and the gas velocity at the outlet of the rectifying channel is 1.5-3 times of the gas velocity entering the gas lift pipe.
Compared with the prior art, the demister disclosed by the invention has the following advantages:
1. the rectifying channel has a certain length, the original speed direction of the gas with dispersed liquid drops is changed into the direction along the rectifying channel after entering the rectifying channel, and the speed direction is regular and concentrated; the rectifying channel has a certain height, the diameter of the riser is gradually reduced from bottom to top, and the speed of the gas which enters the rectifying channel and carries liquid drops has a smaller speed gradient along the height direction, so that a local smaller pressure difference is formed when the gas flows in the rectifying channel, and the movement of the gas carrying the liquid drops is accelerated; the distances between the inner wall of the outer cylinder and each point on the outlet section of the rectifying channel are basically the same, the gas almost simultaneously collides with the inner wall of the outer cylinder after flowing out of each point of the outlet section of the rectifying channel and changes the direction again, and the flow field is more uniform in distribution and stronger in regularity. And the total sectional area of the rectifying channel is smaller than that of the riser, and the velocity of the gas carrying with liquid drops after entering the rectifying channel is increased due to the reduction of the flow area. The section of the groove on the inner surface of the cylinder is composed of an arc and a straight line segment, when high-speed gas carrying liquid drops flows upwards along the rotation of the inner wall of the outer cylinder, the liquid drops are thrown outwards continuously under the action of inertia force, the liquid drops enter the groove and move along the arc segment in the groove, and because the included angle alpha is 5-70 degrees, the liquid drops can continuously move smoothly along the arc surface of the groove until the straight line segment is blocked and then flow downwards along the inner wall of the outer cylinder, and no dead zone exists. The outer cylinder is provided with a section of conical section, so that the speed of the gas flowing upwards along the inner wall of the outer cylinder is basically kept unchanged, a strong scraping effect can be still kept, and gas-liquid separation can be effectively realized between the rectifying channel and the minimum section of the conical section.
2. The demisting device can effectively achieve the demisting effect, effectively remove liquid drops with smaller particle sizes in gas, has high demisting efficiency, reduces harm to the environment, and plays a role in protecting the environment.
3. The gas flow is uniform, the flow resistance is small, and the resistance is reduced.
4. Simple structure, convenient manufacture, difficult blockage and scaling and no need of backwashing.
5. The water-saving effect is good, and the water removed from the gas carrying the liquid drops can be recycled, so that the water consumption is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of one embodiment of a demister according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a demister with a rectifying channel flush with the inner wall.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a demister with a rectifying passage extending into the interior of the riser.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a groove having a circular arc and a straight line section in cross section.
Wherein: 1-a tray; 2-a riser; 3-rectifying the channel; 4-outer cylinder; 5-sealing the cover plate; 6-groove; i-rectifying channel side wall I; II-rectifying channel side wall II.
Detailed Description
The demister of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The demister comprises a plurality of parallel demisting components, each demisting component comprises a gas riser 2 and an outer cylinder 4, and the outer cylinder 4 is arranged on the outer side of the gas riser 2 and is preferably on the same axis with the gas riser 2; the gas lift pipe 2 is fixed on the tray 1, and the top of the gas lift pipe 2 is provided with a sealing cover plate 5; a plurality of rectifying channels 3 are uniformly arranged on the circumference of the gas lift tube 2, the rectifying channels 3 are horizontally embedded along the tangential direction of the outer wall of the gas lift tube 2, the side wall I of one side, close to the outer cylinder 4, of each rectifying channel 3 is tangent to the tube wall of the gas lift tube 2, the other side wall II of the other side wall is intersected with the tube wall of the gas lift tube 2, and the rotating directions of the rectifying channels 3 are the same; the top of the rectifying channel 3 is flush with the sealing cover plate 5, and the bottom of the rectifying channel is intersected with the tube wall of the gas lift tube 2; the diameters of the outer cylinder 4 and the gas lift pipe 2 are continuously reduced or reduced in a step shape from bottom to top.
In the demister of the invention, when the diameter of the outer cylinder 4 is continuously reduced from bottom to top, the outer cylinder 4 is conical, and the cone angle theta of the outer cylinder 4 is 20-80 degrees, preferably 30-60 degrees.
In the demister, when the diameter of the gas-lift tube 2 is continuously reduced from bottom to top, the gas-lift tube 2 is conical, and the cone angle phi of the gas-lift tube 2 is 30-80 degrees, preferably 45-60 degrees.
In the demister, when the diameter of the outer cylinder 4 is reduced from bottom to top in a step shape, the outer cylinder generally consists of 2-10 cylinder sections, the reduction range of the diameter of the adjacent cylinder sections is 2% -10%, and the diameter of the top part is 0.4-0.9 times of the diameter of the bottom part.
In the demister, when the diameter of the gas rising pipe 2 is reduced from bottom to top in a step shape, the gas rising pipe generally consists of 2-10 cylindrical sections, the reduction range of the diameter of the adjacent cylindrical sections is 2% -10%, and the diameter of the top part is 0.5-0.9 times of the diameter of the bottom part.
In the demister, the inner wall of the cover plate 5 has certain roughness, and grooves or bulges and other structures can be arranged on the inner wall of the cover plate 5.
In the demister, the area of the top of the outer cylinder 4 is 0.2-0.8 times of the cross section area of the inlet of the gas-raising pipe 2. The top of the outer cylinder 4 is a certain distance P from the top of the gas lift pipe 2, and P is 1-8 times, preferably 2-5 times, of the height of the tangential flow guide channel. The area of any cross section of the part of the outer cylinder 4 above the top of the draft tube 2 is less than the area of the torus at the section where the top of the draft tube 2 is located (i.e. the cross sectional area of the gap between the top of the draft tube 2 and the outer cylinder 4).
In the demister, the lower edge of the outer cylinder 4 is away from the tower tray 1 by a certain distance B and is lower than the lower edge of the rectifying channel 3, and the distance B between the lower edge of the outer cylinder 4 and the tower tray 1 is 5-100 mm, preferably 20-50 mm.
In the demister, the total height H of the outer cylinder 4 is 2.5-10 times, preferably 3-5 times, the height of the tangential flow guide channel.
In the demister, the conical top of the outer cylinder 4 can be connected with a straight cylinder section and/or an inverted cone section; the height of the straight cylinder section is 1/20-1/10 of the height H of the outer cylinder 4; the height of the inverted cone cylinder section is 1/10-1/5 of the height H of the outer cylinder 4. The connection sequence from bottom to top is generally as follows: (1) a conical section, a straight cylinder section and an inverted conical section; (2) a conical section and a straight section; (3) a tapered section and an inverted tapered section. The section diameters of the connecting parts of the conical sections are the same, and welding or integral forming can be adopted. In the demister of the invention, the rectifying channel 3 is generally provided with 1-12, preferably 4-8. The wall thickness of the rectifying channel 3 is preferably the same as the wall thickness of the riser 2.
In the demister, the length l of the rectifying channel 3 is the length of the side wall II, the width w is the maximum horizontal distance between the two side walls of the rectifying channel 3, and the height h is the maximum vertical distance between the top and the bottom of the rectifying channel 3; wherein the length l is 2-5 times, preferably 3-4 times of the width w. The included angle between the side wall I and the side wall II and the horizontal direction is the same as the cone angle phi. The cross section of the rectifying channel 3 is in the shape of one or a combination of several parallelograms, ellipses, circles, trapezoids or semicircles, and preferably in the shape of one or a combination of several parallelograms, ellipses or circles. The size of the rectifying channel 3 is determined by a person skilled in the art according to actual working conditions or design requirements, and if the height h of the rectifying channel 3 is generally 50-600 mm, preferably 100-300 mm; the width w of the rectifying channel 3 is generally 10 to 200mm, preferably 20 to 100 mm. The total cross-sectional area of the rectifying channel 3 is 0.2-0.9 times of the cross-sectional area of the gas-lifting tube 2, and preferably 0.3-0.6 times of the cross-sectional area of the gas-lifting tube 2.
In the demister, the side wall I of the rectifying channel 3 is not flush with the outer end of the side wall II, the outer end of the side wall II is longer than the outer end of the side wall I by a distance a, and the distance a is 0.2-0.8 times, preferably 0.3-0.6 times of the width w of the rectifying channel 3.
In the demister, the tail end of the side wall II of the rectifying channel 3 can be flush with the inner wall of the gas lift pipe 2 or extend into the gas lift pipe 2 for a certain distance m, wherein m is 0.1-0.9 times of the length l, and preferably 0.3-0.6 times. When the tail end of the side wall II of the rectifying channel 3 is flush with the inner wall of the gas lift tube 2, the tail end of the bottom of the rectifying channel 3 is also flush with the inner wall of the gas lift tube 2; when the side wall II of the rectifying channel 3 extends into the interior of the gas lift tube 2 for a certain distance m, the tail end of the bottom of the rectifying channel 3 is flush with the tail end of the side wall.
In the demister, the bottom of the rectifying channel 3 is at a certain distance A from the tower tray 1, and the distance A is 20-200 mm, preferably 40-80 mm.
In the demister, the lower end of the riser 2 is flush with the tower tray 1 or is lower than the tower tray 1 by a certain distance, and the lower end of the riser and the tower tray are hermetically connected; the diameter of the riser 2 and the opening of the tray 1 can be determined by those skilled in the art according to the actual working conditions or design requirements.
In the demister of the invention, the rectifying channel 3, the cover plate 5 and the gas lift tube 2 can be welded together or integrally formed.
In the demister of the invention, the inner surface of the outer cylinder 4 is provided with grooves 6 and/or protrusions. The groove 6 or the bulge is parallel to the axis of the outer cylinder 4, or can form a certain included angle with the axis; the grooves 6 or the bulges can be regularly arranged or randomly arranged on the inner wall of the outer cylinder 4; the grooves 6 or projections may be arranged continuously or intermittently along the inner wall of the outer cylinder 4. The cross section of the groove 6 or the bulge can also be in a suitable shape such as a rectangle, a triangle or a circle.
In the demister of the present invention, the inner surface of the outer cylinder 4 is preferably provided with a groove 6 having a cross-sectional shape as shown in fig. 4, and the cross section of the groove 6 is formed by a circular arc and a straight line; wherein, the intersection points of the circular arc and the circumference of the inner surface of the outer cylinder 4 are respectively provided with tangent lines of the circular arc and the circumference, the included angle between the tangent lines is alpha, the alpha is 5-70 degrees, and the preferred angle is 10-40 degrees; the included angle between the tangent of the arc at the intersection point of the arc and the straight line segment is beta, wherein the beta is 30-110 degrees, and preferably 45-90 degrees. The depth Z of the groove 6, namely the shortest distance from the intersection point of the circular arc and the straight line section to the circumference of the inner surface of the outer cylinder 4 is 0.1-0.7 times, preferably 0.3-0.5 times of the wall thickness of the outer cylinder 4; the arc length between the intersection point of the arc and the inner surface circumference of the outer cylinder 4 and the intersection point of the straight line segment and the inner surface circumference of the outer cylinder 4 is 1/80-1/6 of the inner surface circumference of the outer cylinder 4.
In the demister of the invention, the lower end opening of the outer cylinder 4 can be arranged into a zigzag or wave-shaped structure, thereby being more beneficial to the separated liquid to drip from the inner wall of the outer cylinder 4 in a continuous flow.
The connection parts of the components of the demister are sealed, and the phenomenon of air leakage is avoided.
When the demister of the invention works, gas carrying liquid drops enters the riser 2 from the lower space of the tray 1, gas phase carrying liquid phase rises, as the diameter of the riser 2 is gradually reduced from bottom to top, the gas flow area is reduced, the speed is continuously increased, the contact probability between the liquid drops in the gas phase is increased, more small drops collide with each other and are aggregated into larger drops in the flowing process from bottom to top, the flowing direction of the gas phase is changed after meeting the cover plate 5, namely the rising direction is changed into the horizontal or approximately horizontal direction, the aggregated larger drops and part of small drops collide with the cover plate 5 due to the inertia effect and are attached to the cover plate 5, the attached drops are gradually enlarged, when the gravity generated by the drops is larger than the resultant force of the rising force of the gas and the liquid surface tension, the drops are separated from the surface of the cover plate 5, the first gas-liquid separation is completed. The gas carrying the liquid drops enters the rectifying channel 3 along the horizontal direction or the approximate horizontal direction, because the rectifying channel 3 has a certain length, and the total sectional area of the rectifying channel 3 is smaller than the sectional area of the gas lift tube 2, the original gas carrying the liquid drops with a relatively dispersed speed direction is changed into the direction along the rectifying channel 3 after entering the rectifying channel 3, the speed direction is relatively regular and concentrated, and because the flow area is reduced, the speed of the gas carrying the liquid drops is increased after entering the rectifying channel 3. When the speed direction of the gas carrying the liquid drops is changed, part of the liquid drops collide with the inner wall of the rectifying channel 3 and are attached to the inner wall of the rectifying channel 3, and then the gas flowing through the rectifying channel 3 continuously blows out of the rectifying channel 3 and falls down to complete secondary gas-liquid separation. Meanwhile, in the rectifying channel 3, because the speed direction of the gas carrying the liquid drops is changed, part of the small liquid drops collide with each other under the action of inertia force, the small liquid drops are gathered into large liquid drops, and the speed of the gas carrying the liquid drops is increased when the gas flows through the rectifying channel 3, so that the movement of the liquid drops is intensified, the probability of mutual collision of the small liquid drops is improved, the small liquid drops are easier to gather into large liquid drops, and the large liquid drops flow out of the rectifying channel 3 together with the gas at a higher speed; because the rectifying channel 3 has a certain height, and the diameter of the gas riser 2 is gradually reduced from bottom to top, the speed of the gas which enters the rectifying channel 3 and carries liquid drops has a smaller speed gradient along the height direction, and the speed is slightly different, so that the gas forms a local smaller pressure difference when flowing in the rectifying channel 3, the movement of the gas carrying liquid drops is intensified, small liquid drops are more easily gathered into large liquid drops, and the large liquid drops flow out of the rectifying channel 3 along with the gas. And because the gas lift tube 2 and the outer cylinder 4 are both conical, the included angle between the side wall of the rectifying channel 3 and the axis is the same as the included angle between the gas lift tube 2 and the axis, and the outer end of the side wall II is longer than the outer end of the side wall I by a certain distance, so that the distances between the inner wall of the outer cylinder 4 and each point on the outlet section of the rectifying channel 3 are basically the same, the gas almost simultaneously collides with the inner wall of the outer cylinder 4 after flowing out of each part of the outlet section of the rectifying channel 3 and changes the direction again, and the flow field distribution is more uniform and. At this time, the gas carrying the liquid droplets has a higher speed, the speed direction is concentrated, and the carried liquid droplets are larger, and continue to collide with the inner wall of the outer cylinder 4, so as to change the flow direction of the gas again, that is, the gas carrying the liquid droplets is changed from the direction along the rectifying channel 3 to the circumferential direction along the inner wall of the outer cylinder 4. Meanwhile, after the gas flows out of the tangential diversion channel, when the gas carrying liquid drops flows to the gap between the riser 2 and the outer cylinder 4, the velocity of the gas carrying liquid drops is slightly reduced due to the increase of the flow area, the retention time of the gas carrying liquid drops is increased, and the large liquid drops with the gravity larger than the ascending force of the gas are separated, so that the third gas-liquid separation is completed. Because the gas speed of the entrained liquid drops is higher and the gas flows upwards along the inner wall of the outer cylinder 4 provided with the groove 6 in a rotating way, a relatively obvious scraping effect can be generated. The scraping effect means that when high-speed gas carrying liquid drops flows upwards along the inner wall of the outer barrel 4 in a rotating mode, the liquid drops are thrown to the outer edge continuously under the action of inertia force, the liquid drops enter the groove 6 and move along the arc section in the groove 6, because the included angle alpha is 5-70 degrees, the liquid drops can continuously move smoothly along the arc surface of the groove 6, contact and gathering among the liquid drops are enlarged until the straight line section of the groove 6 is obstructed, the gathered enlarged liquid drops are strongly collided with the wall surface of the straight line section and are attached to the wall surface of the straight line section, the liquid drops continue to gather and enlarge, and then flow downwards along the inner wall of the outer barrel 4; and the gas continuously rotates along the inner wall of the outer cylinder 4 to flow upwards, so that gas-liquid separation is realized for the fourth time, and entrainment is reduced. When the gas continuously flows upwards along the inner wall of the outer barrel 4 in a rotating manner, the gas continuously rubs against the inner wall of the outer barrel 4 to lose part of energy, so that the gas speed is reduced, but because the outer barrel 4 is provided with a section of conical section, the flow area is continuously reduced when the gas rises, the rising gas speed is basically kept unchanged, a stronger scraping effect can be still kept, and the gas-liquid separation can be effectively realized between the rectifying channel 3 and the minimum section of the conical section. The tapered section of the outer cylinder 4 is connected with the straight cylinder section and/or the inverted cylinder section, so that the flow speed of the gas flowing through the section is reduced, and the gas is uniformly distributed. Through the rectification, acceleration and scraping effect, the liquid drops and the gas are separated in the flowing process of the fluid.
Example 1
150000Nm for purifying flue gas in certain wet scrubber3The apparent water concentration is 10-15 g/Nm3After demisting by the inventionApparent water concentration in gas<0.5g/Nm3And the demisting efficiency is more than or equal to 95 percent.
Example 2
100000Nm for purifying flue gas in wet washing tower3The apparent water concentration is 12-16 g/Nm3After demisting by the present invention, the concentration of the apparent water in the exhaust gas<0.6g/Nm3And the demisting efficiency is more than or equal to 95 percent.
Claims (15)
1. The utility model provides a bipyramid cylindric defroster, includes the defogging subassembly that a plurality of parallels, its characterized in that: each defogging component comprises a gas rising pipe and an outer barrel, and the outer barrel is arranged on the outer side of the gas rising pipe; the gas lift pipe is fixed on the tower tray, and the top of the gas lift pipe is provided with a sealing cover plate; a plurality of rectifying channels are uniformly arranged on the circumference of the gas lift pipe, the rectifying channels are horizontally embedded along the tangential direction of the outer wall of the gas lift pipe, the side wall I of one side, close to the outer cylinder, of each rectifying channel is tangent to the wall of the gas lift pipe, the other side wall II of the rectifying channel is intersected with the wall of the gas lift pipe, and the rotating directions of the rectifying channels are the same; the top of the rectification channel is flush with the cover plate, and the bottom of the rectification channel is intersected with the tube wall of the gas lift tube; the diameter of the outer cylinder is continuously reduced or reduced in a step shape from bottom to top, and the diameter of the riser is continuously reduced or reduced in a step shape from bottom to top; the total cross section area of the rectification channel is 0.2-0.9 times of the cross section area of the gas lift pipe; the area of any cross section of the outer cylinder part above the top of the gas lift pipe is smaller than the circular ring area of the section of the top of the gas lift pipe; the tail end of the side wall II of the rectification channel extends into the interior of the gas lift pipe for a certain distance m; the inner surface of the outer cylinder is provided with a groove, and the section of the groove consists of an arc and a straight line section; wherein, the intersection points of the circular arc and the circumference of the inner surface of the outer cylinder are respectively provided with tangent lines of the circular arc and the circumference, the included angle between the tangent lines is alpha, and the alpha is 5-70 degrees; the included angle between the tangent of the arc at the intersection of the arc and the straight line segment is beta, and beta is 30-110 degrees; the depth Z of the groove, namely the shortest distance from the intersection point of the arc and the straight line section to the circumference of the inner surface of the outer cylinder is 0.1-0.7 times of the wall thickness of the outer cylinder; the arc length between the intersection point of the arc and the circumference of the inner surface of the outer cylinder and the intersection point of the straight line segment and the circumference of the inner surface of the outer cylinder is 1/80-1/6 of the circumference of the inner surface of the outer cylinder.
2. A demister as set forth in claim 1 wherein: when the diameter of the outer cylinder is continuously reduced from bottom to top, the outer cylinder is conical, and the cone angle theta of the outer cylinder is 20-80 degrees.
3. A demister as set forth in claim 1 wherein: when the diameter of the air-lift pipe is continuously reduced from bottom to top, the shape of the air-lift pipe is conical, and the cone angle phi of the air-lift pipe is 30-80 degrees.
4. A demister as set forth in claim 1 wherein: when the diameter of the outer barrel is reduced from bottom to top in a step shape, the outer barrel is composed of 2-10 barrel sections, the reduction range of the diameters of the adjacent barrel sections is 2% -10%, and the diameter of the top of each barrel section is 0.4-0.9 times of the diameter of the bottom of each barrel section.
5. A demister as set forth in claim 1 wherein: when the diameter of the gas lift pipe is reduced from bottom to top in a step shape, the gas lift pipe is composed of 2-10 cylindrical sections, the reduction range of the diameters of the adjacent cylindrical sections is 2% -10%, and the diameter of the top of each cylindrical section is 0.5-0.9 times of the diameter of the bottom of each cylindrical section.
6. A demister as set forth in claim 1 wherein: the area of the top of the outer cylinder is 0.2-0.8 times of the cross section area of the inlet of the draft tube.
7. A demister as set forth in claim 1 wherein: the top of the outer cylinder is a certain distance P from the top of the gas lift pipe, and P is 1-8 times of the height of the rectifying channel.
8. A demister as set forth in claim 1 wherein: the lower edge of the outer cylinder is away from the tower tray by a certain distance B and is lower than the lower edge of the rectifying channel, and the distance B from the lower edge of the outer cylinder to the tower tray is 5-100 mm.
9. A demister as set forth in claim 1 wherein: the total height H of the outer barrel is 2.5-10 times of the height of the rectifying channel.
10. A demister as set forth in claim 1 wherein: the conical top of the outer cylinder is connected with the straight cylinder section and/or the inverted cylinder section; the height of the straight cylinder section is 1/20-1/10 of the height H of the outer cylinder; the height of the inverted cone cylinder section is 1/10-1/5 of the height H of the outer cylinder.
11. A demister as set forth in claim 1 wherein: the rectifying channels are 4-12.
12. A demister as set forth in claim 1 wherein: the length l of the rectifying channel is the length of the side wall II, the width w is the maximum horizontal distance between the two side walls of the rectifying channel, and the height h is the maximum vertical distance between the top and the bottom of the rectifying channel; wherein the length l is 2-5 times of the width w; the cross section of the rectifying channel is in the shape of one or a combination of a plurality of parallelograms, ellipses, circles, trapezoids or semicircles.
13. A demister as set forth in claim 1 wherein: the outer end of the side wall II of the rectifying channel is longer than the outer end of the side wall I by a distance a, and the distance a is 0.2-0.8 times of the width w of the rectifying channel.
14. A demister as set forth in claim 12 wherein: m is 0.1-0.9 times of the length l; the rectifying channel bottom end is flush with the sidewall end.
15. Use of a double-cone cylindrical mist eliminator as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14 in an absorption tower employing a wet desulphurization process, wherein: the gas velocity at the outlet of the rectifying channel is 1.5-3 times of the gas velocity entering the gas rising pipe.
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| CN102872655A (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2013-01-16 | 兰州节能环保工程有限责任公司 | Gas-liquid separating device |
| CN104606961A (en) * | 2013-11-05 | 2015-05-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Flow baffling type demister |
| CN105107328A (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2015-12-02 | 北京国能中电节能环保技术有限责任公司 | Venturi-based cyclone de-misting device |
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| US6514322B2 (en) * | 2001-06-13 | 2003-02-04 | National Tank Company | System for separating an entrained immiscible liquid component from a wet gas stream |
| WO2009127769A1 (en) * | 2008-04-16 | 2009-10-22 | Leancom Oy | A method for cleansing gaseous medium flows with liquid or solid washing media by using a cyclone separator |
| RU2432209C2 (en) * | 2009-10-29 | 2011-10-27 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Самарский государственный университет путей сообщения" (СамГУПС) | Cyclone |
| US20140059983A1 (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2014-03-06 | Everinn International Co., Ltd. | Dust separator |
| CN203316279U (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2013-12-04 | 无锡市石油化工设备有限公司 | High-temperature efficient cyclone separator |
| CN204121887U (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2015-01-28 | 石家庄工大化工设备有限公司 | High-efficiency foam remover |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102872655A (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2013-01-16 | 兰州节能环保工程有限责任公司 | Gas-liquid separating device |
| CN104606961A (en) * | 2013-11-05 | 2015-05-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Flow baffling type demister |
| CN105107328A (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2015-12-02 | 北京国能中电节能环保技术有限责任公司 | Venturi-based cyclone de-misting device |
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