CN108064867A - 一种除草组合物 - Google Patents
一种除草组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108064867A CN108064867A CN201611002551.7A CN201611002551A CN108064867A CN 108064867 A CN108064867 A CN 108064867A CN 201611002551 A CN201611002551 A CN 201611002551A CN 108064867 A CN108064867 A CN 108064867A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- herbicidal combinations
- pyraclonil
- undesirable plant
- growth
- plant growth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种除草组合物,其活性组分由双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮组成,双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮的重量配比为30:1‑1:50。本发明还涉及所述除草组合物在防治单子叶和双子叶杂草不希望的植物生长的用途,特别是在防治谷类作物中不希望的植物生长的用途。本发明还提供一种防治不希望的植物生长的方法,包括使不希望的植物或其生长场所与除草有效量的本发明的除草组合物接触或向土壤中施用除草有效量的本发明的除草组合物以防止不希望植物的发芽或生长。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农药领域。本发明涉及一种除草组合物。本发明还涉及一种控制不希望的植物生长的方法。
背景技术
农业杂草的防治一直是农业生产中最为关心和重要的问题。保护农作物免受抑制农作物生长的杂草和其它植被侵害是农业中持续出现的问题。
化学除草剂的使用是现代化农业的重要标志之一。近年来,除草剂的销量逐年增加,施用面积也逐年扩大。但是,随着众多除草剂品种的大面积持续使用,产生许多的问题,例如杂草抗性问题开始凸现,尤其大龄杂草的抗性问题尤为突出;另外,除草剂单剂作用方式单一、持效期短等问题也比较突出。因此,提供一种除草范围广、选择性强且对杂草抗药性压力较小的长效除草剂是迫切需求。
双唑草腈(Pyraclonil,CAS NO. 158353-15-2),化学名称为: 1-(3-氯-4,5,6,7-四氢吡唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-2-基)-5-[甲基(丙-2-炔基]氨基]吡唑-4-腈。双唑草腈由德国先灵开发,已经描述于WO9408999 中。双唑草腈对稗草及同时发生的一年生具芒碎米莎草科萤蔺、牛毛毡;阔叶杂草车前状雨久花、陌上菜以及多年的野慈姑、荸荠等广范围杂草有很高的活性。
二氯喹啉草酮, 化学名称:2-(3,7-二氯喹啉-8-基)-羰基-1,3-环己二酮;二氯唑啉草酮是北京法盖银科技有限公司开发的2-(喹啉-8-基)羰基-环己烷-1,3-二酮类化合物;二氯喹啉草酮已经描述于CN102249996;二氯喹啉草酮对单子叶和双子叶杂草均有很高的防效;特别是对稗草、马唐、苘麻和反齿苋表现很高的活性。
已知某些具有特异性作用的不同除草剂的组合施用可能导致除草剂组分的活性与简单的加和作用相比得以提高。该活性提高也称为协同增效作用或协同增效活性。因此可以降低防治有害植物所需除草活性化合物的施用率。
最常使用的增加除草活性和拓宽现有除草剂的除草谱的方法是将两种或多种具有不同的除草活性的除草活性物质混合。当两种或多种成分的混合物的效力大于各成分的预期效力水平时,我们称之为“协同增效作用”;两种或多种成分的混合物的效力低于各成分的预期效力水平时,我们称之为“拮抗作用”;两种或多种成分的混合物的效力与各成分的预期效力水平相同时,我们称之为“加和作用”。然而,由于除草性能、吸收率、转移、代谢等方面的差异,大多数混合物的除草活性低于各成分的单施。两种或多种除草活性物质的除草混合物中存在的增效作用仅在部分情况下可见。
发明内容
本发明的目的是要提供一种除草组合物,以使本领域技术人员在作物通过一次或几次施用这些除草剂后控制多种杂草或某一种难以控制的杂草种类显示出协同作用效果。本发明通过将双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮进行组合,以特别有利的方式获得技术人员所需的杂草控制水平,甚至包括难以控制的某些杂草种类。而且,施用本发明组合物可以显著降低组合中单个组分的施用量,对作物的植物毒性没有产生无法接受的毒性。
为达此目的,本发明采用了以下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种除草组合物,其活性组分由双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮组成,所述双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮的重量配比为30:1-1:50,优选30:1-1:40,30:1-1:30,优选为25:1-1:25,进一步优选为20:1-1:20,再优选为15:1-1:15,更优选为10:1-1:10,更优选为5:1-1:5。
本发明的除草组合物,其活性组分由双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮组成,所述双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮的重量配比还可以是: 1:50,1:45,1:40,1:35,1:30,1:25,1:24,1:23,1:22,1:21,1:20,1:19,1:18,1:17,1:16,1:15,1:14,1:13,1:12,1:11,1:10,1:9,1:8,1:7,1:6,1:5,1:4,1:3,1:2,1:1,2:1,3:1,4:1,5:1,6:1,7:1,8:1,9:1,10:1,11:1,12:1,13:1,14:1,15:1,16:1,17:1,18:1,19:1,20:1,21:1,22:1,23:1,24:1,25:1, 26:1,27:1,28:1,29:1,30:1。
本发明提供一种除草组合物,活性组分由双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮组成,还包括填充剂和/或表面活性剂。
所述除草组合物中,所述双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮的总量占所述除草组合物以重量计的1%-90%。
所述除草组合物中,所述双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮的总量占所述除草组合物以重量计的5%-80%。
所述除草组合物中,所述双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮的总量占所述除草组合物以重量计的10%-70%。
所述除草组合物中,所述双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮的总量占所述除草组合物以重量计的10%-60%。
所述除草组合物中,所述双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮的总量占所述除草组合物以重量计的20%-60%。
所述除草组合物中,所述双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮的总量占所述除草组合物以重量计的20%-50%。
所述除草组合物的剂型为:可湿性粉剂、水溶性粒剂、水溶性液剂、乳油、悬浮剂、微囊剂、微乳剂、水乳剂、悬浮乳剂、微囊悬浮-悬浮剂、油悬浮剂、水分散粒剂、超低容量液剂、片剂、低容量分散粒剂、丸剂或干悬浮剂。
所述除草组合物还可包括安全剂,所述安全剂为1,8-萘二甲酸酐(1,8-Naphthalenedicarboxylicanhydride)、解草酮(benoxacor)、解草唑(fenchlorazole-ethyl)、呋喃解草唑(Furilazole)、解草烷(2-dichloromethyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane)、解草胺腈(Cyometrinil)、解草腈(Oxabetrinil)、肟草安(Fluxofenim)、解草啶(Fenclorim)、解草安(Flurazole)或解草烯(Acetamide)、双苯噁唑酸(Isoxadifen)、吡唑解草酯(Mefenpyr-diethyl)中的至少一种,所述安全剂相对于双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮活性组分总量的重量配比为1:100-20:1。
一种除草组合物在防治不希望的植物生长中的用途。
一种除草组合物在防治单子叶和双子叶杂草不希望的植物生长的用途。
一种除草组合物用于在有用作物中防治不希望的植物生长的用途。所述除草组合物在各种作物中的选择性使用是可能的。例如在油菜、甜菜、大豆、棉花、大麦、小麦、黑麦、燕麦、玉米、水稻和黍中使用。
本发明的除草组合物尤其适合作为水稻作物的选择性除草剂。
本发明的除草组合物还可以用来控制多年生作物中的杂草。这些作物有例如森林、观赏树木、水果、藤木植物、柠檬、坚果、香蕉、咖啡、茶、橡胶、油棕榈、可可、浆果和蛇麻草种植园。
本发明的除草组合物对单子叶和双子叶杂草显示很好的除草活性。
一种除草组合物用于在有用作物中防治不希望的植物生长的用途,所述除草组合物被所述有用作物耐受。
一种防治不希望的植物生长的方法,包括:(i)在不希望的植物发芽之前(芽前);(ii)在不希望的植物发芽之后(芽后);或(iii)在(i)和(ii)时,将除草有效量的本发明的除草组合物施用于不希望的植物或其生长场所。
一种防治不希望的植物生长的方法,将本发明的除草组合物的活性组分双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮共同或单独地施用于不希望的植物或其生长场所。
一种防治不希望的植物生长的方法,包括将本发明的除草组合物在有用作物的植株、有用作物的种子或有用作物的其它繁殖部分存在下施用;优选将本发明的除草组合物在有用作物播种或发芽之前或播种后发芽前或发芽后使不希望的植物或其生长场所与除草有效量的本发明的除草组合物接触。
一种防治不希望的植物生长的方法,包括向土壤施用除草有效量的本发明的除草组合物以防止不希望的植物的发芽或生长。
与现有技术相比,本发明至少具有以下有益效果:
(1)通过一次或几次施用本发明的除草组合物后控制多种杂草或某一种难以控制的杂草种类显示出协同作用效果;
(2)本发明通过将双唑草腈与二氯喹啉草酮进行复配,使得所述除草组合物的活性超过这两种活性化合物各自施用时的活性之和;
(3)本发明将双唑草腈与二氯喹啉草酮两者混用,以特别有利的方式获得技术人员所需的杂草控制水平,甚至包括难以控制的某些杂草种类。而且,施用本发明除草组合物可以显著降低组合物中单个组分的施用量。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种除草组合物,其活性组分由双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮组成;所述双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮的重量配比为30:1-1:50,优选30:1-1:40,30:1-1:30,优选为25:1-1:25,进一步优选为20:1-1:20,再优选为15:1-1:15,更优选为10:1-1:10,更优选为5:1-1:5。
本发明的除草组合物,其活性组分由双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮组成,所述双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮的重量配比还可以是1:50,1:45,1:40,1:35,1:30,1:25,1:24,1:23,1:22,1:21,1:20,1:19,1:18,1:17,1:16,1:15,1:14,1:13,1:12,1:11,1:10,1:9,1:8,1:7,1:6,1:5,1:4,1:3,1:2,1:1,2:1,3:1,4:1,5:1,6:1,7:1,8:1,9:1,10:1,11:1,12:1,13:1,14:1,15:1,16:1,17:1,18:1,19:1,20:1,21:1,22:1,23:1,24:1,25:1, 26:1,27:1,28:1,29:1,30:1。
已经出乎意料的发现,与单独化合物的施用率相比,双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮的组合在等于或低于该施用率时表现出对杂草控制的协同作用,尤其是对稗草(Echinochloacrusgalli (L.) Beauv.)、千金子(( Leptochloa Beauv. )、马唐(Digitaria spp.)、繁缕(Stellaria media)、慈姑(Sagittaria sagittifolia)、反枝苋(Amaranthusretroflexus)、卷茎蓼(Fallopia(ex Polygonum)Convolvulus)、苘麻(Abuthilontheophrasti)、泽泻(Oriental Waterplantain Rhizome)、鸭舌草(Duck tongue grass)、雨久花(Monochoria korsakowii)、陌上菜(Lindernia procumbens)、龙葵(Solanumnigrum L.)、萤蔺(Scirpus juncoides Roxb)、异型莎草(Cyperus difformis L.)、藜(Chenopodium alum L.)、野燕麦(Avena fatua L.)、阿拉伯婆婆纳( Veronica persica)的控制显示明显的协同作用。
“协同作用”可使单个除草剂的施用率降低、在相同施用率下的效用更高,防治还未被防治的品种、防治对单一除草剂或多种除草剂耐受或具有抗性的品种、施用期延长和/或所需的单独施用次数减少;并且对于使用者而言,获得了在经济和生态上更加有利的杂草防治体系。
双唑草腈施用率可在宽范围内变化,例如在10g-1000g A.I./ha(下文中,A.I./ha表示“活性物质/公顷”=基于100%纯度的活性化合物计)。以10g-300g A.I./ha的施用率施用时,当在播种前、种植前或芽前和芽后中使用双唑草腈时,其具有相对较宽的待防治的有害植物谱。
二氯喹啉草酮的施用率可在宽范围内变化,例如在50g-1000gA.I./ha。以100g-500g A.I./ha的施用率施用时,当在播种前、种植前或芽前和芽后中使用二氯喹啉草酮时,其具有相对较宽的待防治的有害植物谱。
双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮合适的比例范围例如可通过参考所提及的单个化合物的施用率而定。在本发明的除草组合物中,通常可减少施用率。
本发明的除草组合物还可包含一种或多种与双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮组分不同并且也用作选择性除草剂的其他活性化合物。
本发明的除草组合物还可包含其他组分的各种活性化合物,例如选自安全剂、杀真菌剂、杀昆虫剂、杀螨剂、杀线虫剂、驱鸟剂、土壤结构改良剂、植物营养素(肥料)、以及结构不同于双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮的除草剂、以及植物生长调节剂。
优选地,所述不同类型的农用化学活性化合物包括乙草胺(acetochlor)、活化酯(acibenzolar)、苯并噻二唑(acibenzolar-S-methyl)、三氟羧草醚(acifluorfen)、苯草醚(aclonifen)、甲草胺(alachlor)、二丙烯草胺(allidochlor)、禾草灭(alloxydim)、莠灭净(ametryn)、氨二氯喹啉草酮(amicarbazone)、酰嘧磺隆(amidosulfuron)、氯氨吡啶酸(aminopyralid)、杀草强(amitrole)、氨基磺酸铵(ammonium sulfamate)、嘧啶醇(ancymidol)、莎稗磷(anilofos)、磺草灵(asulam)、莠去津(atrazine)、唑啶草酮(azafenidin)、四唑嘧磺隆(azimsulfuron)、呋草黄(benfuresate)、苄嘧磺隆(bensulfuron)、灭草松(bentazone)、双苯嘧草酮(benzfendizone)、双环磺草酮(benzobicyclon)、吡草酮(benzofenap)、氟磺胺草(benzofluor)、氟吡草酮(bicyclopyrone)、双草醚(bispyribac-sodium)、溴苯腈(bromoxynil)、氟丙嘧草酯(butafenacil)、仲丁灵(butralin)、唑草胺(cafenstrole)、双酰草胺(carbetamide)、氯嘧磺隆(chlorimuron,chlorimuron-ethyl)、矮壮素(chlormequat chloride)、绿麦隆(chlorotoluron)、氯磺隆(chlorsulfuron)、环庚草醚(cinmethylin)、醚磺隆(cinosulfuron)、烯草酮(clethodim)、异噁草松(clomazone)、氯甲酰草胺(clomeprop)、二氯吡啶酸(clopyralid)、氰草津(cyanazine)、环丙酸酰胺(cyclanilide)、环丙嘧磺隆(cyclosulfamuron)、噻草酮(cycloxydim)、环唑草胺(cyprazole)、杀草隆(daimuron/dymron)、麦草畏(dicamba)、禾草灵(diclofop-methyl)、精禾草灵(diclofop-P-methyl)、双氯磺草胺(diclosulam)、乙酰甲草胺(diethatyl,diethatyl-ethyl)、吡氟酰草胺(diflufenican)、氟吡草腙(diflufenzopyr,diflufenzopyr-sodium)、噁唑隆(dimefuron)、哌草丹(dimepiperate)、二甲草胺(dimethachlor)、异戊乙净(dimethametryn)、双苯酰草胺(diphenamid)、异丙净(dipropetryn)、敌草快(diquat)、敌草隆(diuron)、胺苯磺隆(ethametsulfuron、ethametsulfuron-methyl)、乙烯利(ethephon)、磺噻隆(ethidimuron)、乙氧嘧磺隆(ethoxysulfuron)、乙氧苯草胺(etobenzanid)、噁唑禾草灵(fenoxaprop)、精噁唑禾草灵(fenoxaprop-P)、噁唑禾草灵(fenoxaprop-ethyl)、四唑酰草胺(fentrazamide)、啶嘧磺隆(flazasulfuron)、双氟磺草胺(florasulam)、吡氟禾草灵(fluazifop)、精吡氟禾草灵(fluazifop-P)、吡氟禾草灵丁酯(fluazifop-butyl)、精吡氟禾草灵丁酯(fluazifop-P-butyl)、异丙吡草酯(fluazolate)、氟酮磺隆(flucarbazone,flucarbazone-sodium)、氟吡磺隆(flucetosulfuron)、氟噻草胺(flufenacet)、氟节胺(flumetralin)、唑嘧磺草胺(flumetsulam)、丙炔氟草胺(flumioxazin)、炔草胺(flumipropyn)、氟草隆(fluometuron)、三氟硝草醚(fluorodifen)、乙羧氟草醚(fluoroglycofen,fluoroglycofen-ethyl)、氟胺草唑(flupoxam)、氟啶嘧磺隆(flupyrsulfuron)、氟啶草酮(fluridone)、氟咯草酮(flurochloridone)、氯氟吡氧乙酸(fluroxypyr)、呋草酮(flurtamone)、噻唑草酰胺(fluthiamide)、氟磺胺草醚(fomesafen)、草铵磷(glufosinate,glufosinate-ammonium)、草铵磷-P(glufosinate-P,glufosinate-P-ammonium)、草铵磷-P-钠盐(glufosinate-P-sodium)、草甘膦(glyphosate)、草甘膦异丙铵盐(glyphosate-isopropylammonium)、氟硝磺酰胺(halosafen)、氟吡禾灵(haloxyfop)、精氟吡禾灵(haloxyfop--P)、氟吡乙禾灵(haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl)、精氟吡乙禾灵(haloxyfop-P-ethoxyethyl)、氟吡甲禾灵(haloxyfop-methyl)、精氟吡甲禾灵(haloxyfop-P-methyl)、环嗪酮(hexazinone)、咪草酸(imazamethabenz,imazamethabenz-methyl)、甲氧咪草烟(imazamox,imazamox-ammonium)、甲咪唑烟酸(imazapic)、咪唑烟酸(imazapyr,imazapyr-isopropylammonium)、咪唑喹啉酸(imazaquin,imazaquin-ammonium)、咪唑乙烟酸(imazethapyr,imazethapyr-ammonium)、唑吡嘧磺隆(imazosulfuron)、抗倒胺(inabenfide)、茚草酮(indanofan)、碘甲磺隆(iodosulfuron,iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium)、碘苯腈(ioxynil)、异丙隆(isoproturon)、异噁酰草胺(isoxaben)、异噁氯草酮(isoxachlortole)、异噁草醚(isoxapyrifop)、乳氟禾草灵(lactofen)、环草定(lenacil)、苯噻酰草胺(mefenacet)、氯磺酰草胺(mefluidide)、甲哌啶(mepiquat-chloride)、甲磺胺磺隆(mesosulfuron,mesosulfuron-methyl)、甲基磺草酮(mesotrione)、甲基苯噻隆(methabenzthiazuron)、苯嗪草酮(metamitron)、吡唑草胺(metazachlor)、灭草唑(methazole)、甲硫嘧磺隆(methiopyrsulfuron)、苯草酮(methoxyphenone)、甲基杀草隆(methyldymron)、异丙甲草胺(metolachlor)、精异丙甲草胺(S-metolachlor)、磺草唑胺(metosulam)、甲氧隆(metoxuron)、嗪草酮(metribuzin)、甲磺隆(metsulfuron,metsulfuron-methyl)、禾草敌(molinate)、单嘧磺隆(monosulfuron)、单嘧磺隆酯(monosulfuron ester)、灭草隆(monuron)、敌草胺(napropamide)、烟嘧磺隆(nicosulfuron)、、噁草酮(oxadiazon)、环氧嘧磺隆(oxasulfuron)、噁嗪草酮(oxaziclomefone)、乙氧氟草醚(oxyfluorfen)、多效唑(paclobutrazol)、百草枯(paraquat,paraquat dichloride)、环戊噁草酮(pentoxazone)、烯草胺(pethoxamid)、氨氯吡啶酸(picloram)、氟吡酰草胺(picolinafen)、唑啉草酯(pinoxaden)、哌草磷(piperophos)、丙草胺(pretilachlor)、烯丙苯噻唑(probenazole)、氟唑草胺(profluazol)、环丙氟灵(prifluraline)、环苯草酮(profoxydim)、敌稗(propanil)、扑灭津(propazine)、苯胺灵(propham)、异丙草胺(propisochlor)、丙嗪嘧磺隆(propyrisulfuron)、炔苯酰草胺(propyzamide)、苄草丹(prosulfocarb)、氟磺隆(prosulfuron)、丙炔草胺(prynachlor)、吡草醚(pyraflufen,pyraflufen-ethyl)、吡嘧磺隆(pyrazosulfuron、pyrazosulfuron-ethyl))、异丙酯草醚(pyribambenz-isopropyl)、丙酯草醚(pyribambenz-propyl)、嘧啶肟草醚(pyribenzoxim)、稗草丹(pyributicarb)、环酯草醚(pyriftalid)、嘧草醚(pyriminobac,pyriminobac-methyl)、吡丙醚(pyrimisulfan)、嘧硫草醚(pyrithiobac,pyrithiobac-sodium)、pyroxasulfone、甲氧磺草胺(pyroxsulam)、二氯喹啉酸(quinchlorac)、氯甲喹啉酸(quinmerac)、喹禾灵(quizalofop)、精喹禾灵(quizalofop-P)、精喹禾灵乙酯(quizalofop-P-ethyl)、砜嘧磺隆(rimsulfuron)、苯嘧磺草胺(saflufenacil)、仲丁通(secbumeton)、烯禾啶(sethoxydim)、环草隆(siduron)、磺草酮(sulcotrione)、甲磺草胺(sulfentrazone)、甲嘧磺隆(sulfometuron,sulfometuron-methyl)、噻苯隆(thidiazuron)、噻吩磺隆(thifensulfuron,thifensulfuron-methyl)、禾草丹(thiobencarb)、仲草丹(tiocarbazil)、醚苯磺隆(triasulfuron)、三嗪氟草胺(triaziflam)、苯磺隆(tribenuron,tribenuron-methyl)、三氯乙酸(TCA)、三氯吡氧乙酸(triclopyr)、灭草环(tridiphane)、三氟啶磺隆(trifloxysulfuron,trifloxysulfuron-sodium)、氟乐灵(trifluralin)、氟胺磺隆(triflusulfuron)、氟胺磺隆甲酯(triflusulfuron-methyl)、三甲隆(trimeturon)、抗倒酯(trinexapac,trinexapac-ethyl)、三氟甲磺隆(tritosulfuron)、烯效唑(uniconazole)。
本发明的除草组合物在与草甘膦、草铵膦、麦草畏、咪唑啉酮、磺酰脲、2,4-D等物质联合使用时,施用作物为草甘膦、草铵膦、麦草畏、咪唑啉酮、磺酰脲或2,4-D耐受作物。
尽管所述双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮已经在大量作物中显示出良好乃至足够的选择性,原则上,在一些作物中,特别是还与其他选择性较小的除草剂混合时,可能会出现对作物植物的植物毒性。所以包含根据本发明的除草组合物以及一种或多种安全剂的组合物是特别有利的。所述安全剂以解毒有效量使用,例如在经济上重要的作物或在果树种植园(种植园作物)中减少所用除草剂的植物毒性副作用。所述经济上重要的作物例如谷类(小麦、大麦、黑麦、燕麦、玉米、水稻和黍)、糖用甜菜、糖用甘蔗、油菜、棉花和大豆,优选谷类,特别为水稻。
以下例如适用作安全剂的化合物(包括可能的立体异构体和农业上常用的酯或盐):1,8-萘二甲酸酐(1,8-Naphthalenedicarboxylicanhydride)、解草酮(benoxacor)、解草唑(fenchlorazole-ethyl)、呋喃解草唑(Furilazole)、解草烷(2-dichloromethyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane)、解草胺腈(Cyometrinil)、解草腈(Oxabetrinil)、肟草安(Fluxofenim)、解草啶(Fenclorim)、解草安(Flurazole)或解草烯(Acetamide)、双苯噁唑酸(Isoxadifen)、吡唑解草酯(Mefenpyr-diethyl)中的至少一种。
已知一些安全剂用作除草剂,并相应地,除了对有害植物具有除草作用之外,还起到保护作物植物的作用。
除草组合物与安全剂的重量比通常取决于除草剂的施用率和所述安全剂的效果,并可在宽范围内变化,例如在90000:1-1:5000、优选在7000:1-1:1600、特别在3000:1-1:500、特别是1:100-20:1的范围内。安全剂可与双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮以成品制剂配制或以与所述除草组合物的桶混物的形式供给和使用。
安全剂可用于预先处理栽培植物的种子材料(拌种)或可在播种前或后渗入土壤中。还可以在植物发芽后单独或与本发明的除草组合物一起施用。用安全剂处理植物或种子材料原则上不受除草剂施用时间的影响。还可通过同时施用除草剂和安全剂(例如桶混物的形式)进行植物的处理。
本发明提供一种除草组合物在防治不希望的植物生长中的用途。
本发明提供一种除草组合物在防除阔叶杂草、莎草科杂草、禾本科杂草不希望的植物生长的用途。
本发明的除草组合物对宽谱的经济上重要的单子叶和双子叶有害植物例如阔叶杂草、禾本科杂草或莎草科植物,包括对除草活性化合物具有抗性的种类具有优良的除草活性,所述除草活性化合物为例如草甘膦、草铵磷、莠去津、咪唑啉酮类除草剂和磺酰脲类。
可提及的可通过本发明的除草组合物防治的单子叶杂草和双子叶杂草植物群的某些代表性的具体实例,但并不限于某些品种。
所述除草剂组合物有效作用的杂草品种的实例为,例如单子叶杂草中的以下属,例如稗属(Echinochloa spp.)、黍属(Panicum spp.)、早熟禾属(Poa spp).、千金子属(Leptochloa spp.)、臂形草属(Brachiaria spp.)、马唐属(Digitaria spp.)、狗尾草属(Setaria spp.)、莎草属(Cyperus)、雨久花属(Monochoria spp.)、飘拂草属Fimbristylis、慈姑属(Sagittaria spp.)、荸荠属(Eleocharis spp.)、莞草属(Scirpusspp.)、泽泻属(Alisma spp.)、竹叶菜属(Aneilema spp.)、水筛属(Blyxa spp.)、谷精草属(Eriocaulon spp.)、眼子菜属(Potamogeton spp.)、燕麦属( Avena)、看麦娘属(Alopecurus)、稷属(Panicum)、洋地黄属(Digitaria)、黑燕麦属(Lolium)、雀麦属(Bromus)、冰草属(Agropyron)、慈姑属(Bromus)、鸭舌草属 (Monochoria)、鸭嘴草属(Ischaemum)、眼子菜属(Potamogeton)、布袋莲属(Eichhornia)、阿披拉草属(Apera)等都防治得很好。
本发明的除草组合物特别适合以下单子叶杂草种类:燕麦(Avena sativa L.)、看麦娘(Alopecurus)、稗(Echinochloa crus-galli)、千金子(Leptochloa Beauv.)狗尾草(Setaria viridis)、黍(Panicum miliaceum)、马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)、早熟禾(Poa annua)、臂形草(Brachiaria)、雀麦( Bromus)、莎草(Cyperaceae)、水草(Fimbristylis milliacea (L) Vahl.)、慈姑(Sagittaria sagittifolia)、雨久花(Pontederiaceae)、飘拂草(Fimbristylis)、荸荠(Eleocharis dulcis)、鸭嘴草(Ischaemum indicum (Houtt.) Merr.)、鸭舌草(Monochoria vaginalis)、矮慈姑(Sagittaria pygmaea)、窄叶泽泻(Alisma canaliculatum)、萤蔺(Scirpus juncoidesRoxb)。
在双子叶杂草的情况下,活性谱扩展至以下属,例如蓼属(Polygonum spp.)、节节菜属(Rotala spp.)、母草属(Lindernia spp.)、鬼针草属(Bidens spp.)、尖瓣花属(Sphenoclea spp.)、虻眼属(Dopatrium spp.)、鳢肠属(Eclipta spp.)、沟繁缕属(Elatine spp.)、水八角属(Gratiola spp.)、丁香蓼属(Ludwigia spp.)、水芹属(Oenanthe spp.)、毛茛属(Ranunculus spp.)、泽番椒属(Deinostema spp.)、猪殃殃属(Galium)、节节菜属(Rotala)、含羞草属(Mimosa)、白芥属(Sinapis)、繁缕属(Stellaria)、洋甘菊属(Matricaria)、小旋菊属(Galinsoga)、藜属(Chenopodium)、芥属(Brassica)、荨麻属(Urtica)、苋属(Amaranthus)、马齿苋属(Portulaca)、苍耳属(Xanthium)、旋花属(Convolvulus)、蕃薯属(Ipomea)、田箐属(Sesbania)、蓟属(Cirsium)、飞廉属(Carduus)、苦苣菜属(Sonchus)、茄属(Solanum)、下唇属(Lamium)、婆婆纳属(Veronica)、苘麻属(Abutilon)、曼陀罗属(Datura)及堇菜属(Viola)。
本发明的除草组合物特别适合以下双子叶杂草种类:欧白芥( Sinapis)、独行菜(Lepidium apetalum)、拉拉藤(Galium aparine)、繁缕( Stellaria media)、母菊(Matricaria)、春黄菊( Anthemis)、牛膝菊( Galinsoga parviflora)、藜(Chenopodiumquinoa)、芸苔(Brassica rapa L.)、荨麻(Urtica fissa E. Pritz.)、千里光(Senecio)、苋( Amaranthus gangeticus)、马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea L.)、苍耳( Xanthium)、施花(Convolvulus))、番薯(Ipomoea)、蓼(Polygonum)、田箐(Sesbamia)、豚草(Ambrosia)、蓟(Cirsium)、飞廉(Carduus)、苦苣菜(Sonchus)、茄(Solanum)、焊菜(Rorippa)、野生芝麻(Lamium)、婆婆纳(Veronica)、苘麻(Abutilon)、曼陀螺(Datura)、堇菜(Viola)、罂粟(Papaver)、矢车菊(Centaurea)和菊(Chrysanthemum)、反枝苋(Amaranthusretroflexus)。
本发明的除草组合物特别适合诸如以下的品种的单子叶杂草和双子叶杂草:稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.)、千金子(( Leptochloa Beauv. )、马唐(Digitaria spp.)、繁缕(Stellaria media)、慈姑(Sagittaria sagittifolia)、反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus)、卷茎蓼(Fallopia(ex Polygonum)Convolvulus)、苘麻(Abuthilon theophrasti)、泽泻(Oriental Waterplantain Rhizome)、鸭舌草(Monochoria)、雨久花(Monochoria korsakowii)、陌上菜(Lindernia procumbens)、龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)、萤蔺(Scirpus juncoides Roxb)、异型莎草(Cyperus difformisL.)、藜(Chenopodium alum L.)、野燕麦(Avena fatua L.)、阿拉伯婆婆纳(Veronicapersica)。
本发明还提供一种除草组合物用于在有用作物中防治不希望的植物生长的用途。
本发明的除草组合物可以在例如栽培以下有用作物的农田上使用:
谷类作物,例如包括:禾谷类(小粒谷物)如小麦(Triticum aestivum)和小麦类作物如硬粒小麦(T.durum)、一粒小麦(T.monococcum)、二粒小麦(T.dicoccon)和斯卑尔脱小麦(T.spelta)、黑麦(Secale cereale)、小黑麦(Tritiosecale)、大麦(Hordeum vulgare);玉米(Zea mays);高粱(例如甜高粱(Sorghum bicolour));稻(稻属(Oryza)如水稻(Oryzasativa)和非洲水稻(Oryzaglaberrima);
甘蔗;
豆类(Legumes(豆科(Fabaceae))),例如包括大豆(Glycine max.)、花生(Arachishypogaea)和豆类作物如豌豆(包括豌豆(Pisum sativum)、木豆和豇豆)、菜豆(包括蚕豆(Vicia faba)、黑花豇豆属(Vigna)和黑色菜豆属(Phaseolus))以及扁豆(兵豆(lensculinaris var.));
十字花科,例如包括卡诺拉(甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus))、油菜(Brassica napus)、卷心菜(B.oleracea var.)、芥菜如芥菜(B.juncea)、白菜(B.campestris)、塌棵菜(B.narinosa)、黑芥(B.nigra)和地中海野芫菁(B.tournefortii);以及芜菁(Brassicarapa var.);
其他阔叶作物,例如包括向日葵、棉花、亚麻、亚麻子、糖用甜菜、土豆和西红柿;
TNV作物(TNV:树、果仁和藤),例如包括葡萄,柑橘,仁果,例如苹果和梨,咖啡,开心果和油棕,核果,例如桃、杏仁、核桃、橄榄、樱桃、李和杏;
草皮、牧草和牧场;
洋葱和大蒜;
球茎观赏植物如郁金香和水仙;
针叶树和落叶树如松属(Pinus)、冷杉、橡树、枫树、山茱萸、山楂、海棠和鼠李属(Rhamnus)(鼠李);
花园观赏植物如矮牵牛、万寿菊、玫瑰和金鱼草。
本发明的除草组合物尤其适合在小麦、大麦、黑麦、小黑麦、硬粒小麦、稻、玉米、甘蔗、高粱、大豆,豆类作物如豌豆、菜豆和扁豆,花生、向日葵、糖用甜菜、土豆、棉花,芸苔属作物,如油菜、卡诺拉、芥菜、卷心菜和芜菁,草皮、葡萄,仁果,如苹果和梨,核果,如桃、杏仁、核桃、橄榄、樱桃、李和杏,柑橘、咖啡、开心果,花园观赏植物,如玫瑰、矮牵牛、万寿菊、金鱼草,球茎观赏植物如郁金香和水仙,针叶树和落叶树如松属、冷杉、橡树、枫树、山茱萸、山楂、海棠中防除/防治不希望的植物的生长。
本发明的除草组合物最适合在例如在油菜、甜菜、大豆、棉花、水稻、大麦、小麦和其他谷物作物中使用。
本发明的除草组合物还可以用来控制多年生作物中的杂草。这些作物有例如森林、观赏树木、水果、藤木植物、柠檬、坚果、香蕉、咖啡、茶、橡胶、油棕榈、可可、浆果和蛇麻草种植园。
本发明的除草组合物可有效防治阔叶杂草、禾本科杂草和莎草科杂草,而基本上不会对作物产生伤害。
本发明的除草组合物尤其适合防治水稻作物中的不希望的植物的生长。例如本发明的除草组合物对稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.)、千金子(( LeptochloaBeauv.)、马唐(Digitaria spp.)、繁缕(Stellaria media)、慈姑(Sagittariasagittifolia)、反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus)、卷茎蓼(Fallopia(ex Polygonum)Convolvulus)、苘麻(Abuthilon theophrasti)、泽泻(Oriental WaterplantainRhizome)、鸭舌草(Duck tongue grass)、雨久花(Monochoria korsakowii)、陌上菜(Lindernia procumbens)、龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)、萤蔺(Scirpus juncoides Roxb)、异型莎草(Cyperus difformis L.)、藜(Chenopodium alum L.)、野燕麦(Avena fatuaL.)、阿拉伯婆婆纳( Veronica persica)控制显示明显的协同增效作用。
本发明的除草组合物也可极好地防治处于非作物区域中的不希望的植物的生长。非作物区域如路、铁路、草地、公用管线,尤其是在存在树木的区域中不希望的植物生长。
本发明的除草组合物也可用于如下作物植物,所述作物植物由于基因工程或育种而对一种或多种除草剂有抗性,由于基因工程或育种而对一种或多种病原体,如植物病原性真菌有抗性或由于基因工程或育种而对昆虫侵袭有抗性。合适的例如是耐受合成植物生长素的农作物,优选玉米、小麦、向日葵、稻、卡诺拉、油菜、大豆、棉花和甘蔗,或者由于通过基因修饰对Bt毒素引入基因耐受某些昆虫侵袭的农作物。
一种除草组合物用于在有用作物中防治不希望的植物生长中的用途,所述除草组合物被所述有用作物耐受。
本发明的除草组合物高度适用于选择性地防治有用作物中的不希望的植物的生长。特别优选水稻作物中不希望的植物的生长。
本发明的除草组合物也可以用作脱叶剂、干燥剂和全面除草剂。
本发明提供一种防治不希望的植物生长的方法,将本发明的除草组合物的双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮共同或单独地施用于不希望的植物或其生长场所。
一种防治不希望的植物生长的方法,包括:(i)在不希望的植物发芽之前(芽前);(ii)在不希望的植物发芽之后(芽后);或(iii)在(i)和(ii)时,将除草有效量的本发明的除草组合物施用于不希望的植物或其生长场所。优选在不希望的植物发芽前也对已发芽的不希望的植物(例如阔叶杂草、禾本科杂草、莎草科植物或不希望的作物植物)进行施用,而与播种/种植的作物的生长期无关。
一种防治不希望的植物生长的方法,包括使不希望的植物或其生长场所与除草有效量的本发明的除草组合物接触。
一种防治不希望的植物生长的方法,包括向土壤施用除草有效量的本发明的除草组合物以防止不希望植物的发芽或生长。
本发明的除草组合物包含有效量的双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮具有协同作用。当共同或几乎同时施用双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮时可观察到协同作用;当在不同的时间分别施用双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮时,也可观察到协同作用;也可以相继施用双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮,例如先芽前施用然后芽后施用,或者先早期芽后施用,然后中期或后期芽后施用。在此优选共同或几乎同时施用双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮,并且特别优选共同施用。
如果在发芽之前将本发明的除草组合物施用于土壤表面,则完全防止杂草幼苗发芽,或者杂草生长至子叶期,但是然后其就停止生长,并最终在两周至四周之后完全死亡。
如果在发芽后将所述活性化合物施用于植物的绿色部位,生长同样会在处理后的相当短时间内就急剧停止,且该杂草植物保持在施用时间点时的生长期,或者其在一定时间之后完全死亡,以这种方式较早并持续地消除由有害于作物植物的杂草产生的竞争。对于水稻,也可将所述除草组合物施用在水中,然后其通过土壤、芽和根部被吸收。
当双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮共同施用时,存在协同作用。在此,所述组合物的活性高于施用的各除草剂活性的预期总和。协同作用使施用率可降低,防治更宽谱的阔叶杂草、禾本科杂草和莎草科植物,除草作用起效更快、持续时间更长、通过仅一次或几次施用就对有害植物有更好的防治以及可拓宽施用期。所述除草组合物中使用的剂量以及双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮的有效剂量都可调节至较低的水平,以使其对土壤的作用降低至最小程度。这使得本发明的除草组合物不仅可以施用于敏感作物,还几乎避免了地下水污染。本发明除草组合物使得活性组分所需施用率显著地降低。
上述特性和优势对于杂草防治以保持农业/林业/园艺作物或绿地/草地免受不希望的竞争植物,从而从质量和数量的角度来确保和/或增加有用作物产率水平。就所述特性而言,这种除草组合物显著地超越了本领域的技术现状。
本发明还提供一种防治不希望的植物生长的方法,包括将本发明的除草组合物在有用作物的植株、有用作物的种子或有用作物的其它繁殖部分存在下施用。优选将本发明的除草组合物在有用作物播种或发芽之前或播种后发芽前直接施用于植物或植物的生长场所。
本发明还提供一种防治不希望的植物的方法,优选在有用作物植物中、特别是谷类作物中防治不希望的植物,该方法包括将作为本发明除草组合物的活性成分双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮,例如共同或单独地施用于植物(例如不希望的植物,如单子叶或双子叶阔叶杂草、禾本科杂草、莎草科植物或不希望的作物植物)、种子(例如颖果、种子或无性繁殖器官,例如块茎和带芽的枝部),或者施用于植物生长的区域(例如栽培的区域,其也可用水覆盖)。一种除草剂可在另一种除草剂之前、之后或与之同时施用于植物、种子或植物生长的区域(例如栽培的区域)。
本发明的除草组合物可以通过使用本领域技术人员熟知的技术以常规方式施用。合适的技术包括喷雾、雾化、撒粉、撒播或浇灌。施用类型以众所周知的方式取决于意欲的目的;在任何情况下该技术应确保本发明活性组分的最佳可能分布。
若活性组分不能被某些农作物良好耐受,则可以借助喷雾设备定向喷雾除草组合物以使它们在达到生长在下面的不希望植物的叶子或裸露的土壤时尽可能少地接触敏感农作物。
本发明方法最优选用于不希望的植物或其生长场所防治作物生长区或将用于种植作物的区域内的杂草。当施用于作物生长区时,施用量应足以控制杂草生长但又不会对作物产生严重的永久性的伤害。
“不希望的植物”应理解为意指生长在不想要其生长的地方的所有植物。这些可为,例如,有害植物(例如单子叶或双子叶杂草、禾本科杂草、莎草科植物或不想要的作物植物),包括例如对某些除草活性化合物(例如草甘膦、草铵磷、莠去津、咪唑啉酮类除草剂和磺酰脲类)具有抗性的那些植物。
本发明还提供一种除草组合物,活性组分由双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮组成,还包括填充剂和/或表面活性剂。所述除草组合物中,所述双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮的总量占所述除草组合物以重量计的1%-90%,优选5%-80%,优选10%-70%,更优选10%-60%,更优选20%-60%,更优选20%-50%。
所述双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮的总量还可以占所述除草组合物以重量计的1%、2%、3%、4%、5%、6%、7%、8%、9%、10%、11%、12%、13%、14%、15%、16%、17%、18%、19%、20%、21%、22%、23%、24%、25%、26%、27%、28%、29%、30%、31%、32%、33%、34%、35%、36%、37%、38%、39%、40%、41%、42%、43%、44%、45%、46%、47%、48%、49%、50%、52%、54%、56%、58%、60%、62%、64%、66%、68%、70%、72%、74%、76%、78%、80%、82%、84%、86%、88%或90%。上述数值之间的具体点值,限于篇幅及出于简明的考虑,本发明不再穷尽列举所述范围包括的具体点值。
本发明的除草组合物可转化为常规制剂,例如可湿性粉剂、水溶性粒剂、水溶性液剂、乳油、悬浮剂、微囊剂、微乳剂、水乳剂、悬浮乳剂、微囊悬浮-悬浮剂、水分散粒剂、超低容量液剂、片剂、低容量分散粒剂、丸剂或干悬浮剂。
根据本发明,术语“填充剂”指可与活性组分相组合或联合以使其更易于施用给对象(例如植物、作物或草类)的天然或合成的有机或无机化合物。因此,所述填充剂优选为惰性的,至少应为农业可接受的。所述填充剂可以为固体或液体。
适用的固体载体为:例如植物质粉末类(例如大豆粉、淀粉、谷物粉、木粉、树皮粉、锯末、核桃壳粉、麸皮、纤维素粉末、椰壳、玉米穗轴和烟草茎的颗粒,提取植物精华后的残渣等)、黏土类(例如高岭土、皂土、酸性瓷土等)、滑石粉类、硅石类(例如硅藻土、硅砂、云母、含水硅酸,硅酸钙)、活性炭、天然矿物质类(膨润土、硅胶、高岭土、浮石、绿坡缕石及沸石等)、烧制硅藻土、砂、塑料媒介等(例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯等)、氯化钾、碳酸钙、磷酸钙等的无机矿物性粉末、硫酸铵、磷酸铵、尿素、氯化铵等的化学肥料、土肥,这些物质可以单独使用或者2种以上混用。
适用的液体载体可以在下列材料中选择,例如水,酒精类(例如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、乙二醇等)、酮类(例如丙酮、甲基乙基酮、二异丁基甲酮、环己酮等)、醚类(例如乙醚、二噁烷、甲基纤维素、四氢呋喃等)、脂肪族碳氢化合物类(例如煤油、矿物油等)、芳香族碳氢化合物类(例如苯、甲苯、二甲苯、溶剂油、烷基萘、氯代芳烃、氯代脂肪烃、氯苯等)、卤化碳氢化合物类、酰胺类、砜类、二甲基亚砜、矿物和植物油、动物油等。
适用的表面活性剂有具有离子或非离子性质的乳化剂、分散剂或润湿剂,或这些表面活性剂的混合物。这些表面活性剂的适合的有脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、聚氧乙烯烷基芳基醚、聚氧乙烯高级脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯醇或酚的磷酸酯、多元醇的脂肪酸酯、烷芳基磺酸钠、萘磺酸聚合物、木质素磺酸盐、高分子梳形的枝状共聚物、丁基萘磺酸盐、烷基芳基磺酸盐、烷基磺基琥珀酸钠、油脂、脂肪醇与环氧乙烷缩合物、烷基萘磺酸盐等聚丙烯酸盐、蛋白质水解物。合适的低聚糖物或聚合物,例如基于单独的乙烯单体、丙烯酸、聚氧乙烯或聚氧丙烯或者其与例如(多元)醇或(多元)胺的结合。当活性化合物中的一种和/或惰性载体中的一种不溶于水且当在水中施用时,必须存在表面活性剂。表面活性剂的比例为本发明的除草组合物的5%-40%。
如果合适,本发明的除草组合物也可以存在其他添加组分,例如保护胶体、粘合剂、胶粘剂、增稠剂、触变剂、渗透剂、稳定剂、掩蔽剂、多价螯合剂、络合物形成剂。通常,所述的活性组分可以与常规用于制剂目的的任何固体或液体添加剂结合。
本发明的所述除草组合物可通过已知方式将所述活性组分与以下物质中的至少一种进行混合:液体载体或固体载体、乳化剂、分散剂、润湿剂和/或保护胶体、粘合剂、胶粘剂、增稠剂、触变剂、渗透剂、稳定剂、掩蔽剂、多价螯合剂、络合物形成剂、水以及其它加工助剂。
本发明的除草组合物可通过已知方法配制为例如单个组分,如果合适,与其它活性化合物、添加剂和/或常用制剂助剂的混合制剂,然后将该组合物以常规方式用水稀释后施用;或者通过将单独配制或部分单独配制的各组分用水共同稀释而配制为桶混制剂。还可以分开施用单独配制或部分单独配制的各组分。也可分多部分使用所述除草剂或除草组合物(相继施用),例如首先播种前/种植前处理或芽前施用,后接着进行芽后施用或早期芽后施用,然后进行中期或后期芽后施用。在此优选共同使用或几乎同时使用所述组合物的活性化合物,特别优选共同施用。
根据制剂特性,可以按照预期对象和流行环境来选择施用方法,如叶面、浸透、喷雾、喷粉、散射进行选择。
双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮可以其本身、其制剂形式或通过进一步稀释由其制备的使用形式施用,例如即用溶液、悬浮剂、乳液、粉剂、膏剂和颗粒剂。可用常规方式,例如通过浇灌、喷雾、雾化或撒播来施用它们。
本发明的除草组合物可以常规方式应用,例如用水作载体,喷洒混合物的体积约为100至1000公升/公顷。也可以用低容量或超低容量技术或微颗粒剂的形式施用本发明的除草组合物。
制剂实施例
实施例1 10%双唑草腈+10%二氯喹啉草酮悬浮剂
双唑草腈 10%
二氯喹啉草酮 10%
N-月桂酰基谷氨酸钠 5%
膨润土 1%
丙二醇 5%
硅酮 3%
水 补足至100%
将活性组分以及各种助剂与水混合,经高速剪切分散、砂磨机砂磨后,形成高分散、稳定的悬浮体系,制得悬浮剂。
实施例2 2%双唑草腈+10%二氯喹啉草酮可湿性粉剂
双唑草腈 2%
二氯喹啉草酮 10%
丁基萘磺酸钠 5%
二聚氧乙烯十二烷基醚磷酸钠 5%
白炭黑 5%
高岭土 补足至100%
将活性组分、各种助剂及填料等按配方的比例成分混合,经超细粉碎机粉碎后,即得到2%双唑草腈+10%二氯喹啉草酮的可湿性粉剂。
实施例3 10%双唑草腈+5%二氯喹啉草酮可湿性粉剂
双唑草腈 10%
二氯喹啉草酮 5%
甘油脂肪酸聚氧乙烯醚 1%
木质素磺酸钠 2%
白炭黑 补足至100%
将活性组分、各种助剂及填料等按配方的比例成分混合,经超细粉碎机粉碎后,即得到10%双唑草腈+5%二氯喹啉草酮的可湿性粉剂。
实施例4 1.8%双唑草腈+18%二氯喹啉草酮水分散粒剂
双唑草腈 1.8%
二氯喹啉草酮 18%
聚氧乙烯月桂基醚羧酸钠 4%
十二烷基硫酸钠 5%
硫酸铵 5%
高岭土 补足至100%
将活性组分、分散剂、润湿剂、崩解剂和填料按配方的比例混合均匀,经过气流粉碎成可湿性粉剂,再加入一定量的水混合挤压造料,经干燥筛分后得到1.8%双唑草腈+18%二氯喹啉草酮的水分散粒剂。
实施例5 20%双唑草腈+4%二氯喹啉草酮乳油
双唑草腈 20%
二氯喹啉草酮 4%
乙氧基化蓖麻油 5%
十二烷基苯磺酸钙 3%
N-甲基吡咯烷酮 补足至100%
将上述成分按照比例配制,搅拌均匀得到均一的相,即得到20%双唑草腈+4%二氯喹啉草酮的乳油。
实施例6 10%双唑草腈+20%二氯喹啉草酮可湿性粉剂
双唑草腈 10%
二氯喹啉草酮 20%
十二烷基硫酸钠 6%
亚甲基二萘磺酸钠 3%
白炭黑 20%
高岭土 补足至100%
将上述组分按比例混合,并研磨、粉碎,即得到10%双唑草腈+20%二氯喹啉草酮的可湿性粉剂。
实施例7 5%双唑草腈+40%二氯喹啉草酮水分散粒剂
双唑草腈 5%
二氯喹啉草酮 40%
改性木质素磺酸钙 5%
十二烷基硫酸钠 3%
氯化钠 1%
高岭土 补足至100%
将双唑草腈、二氯喹啉草酮活性组分、分散剂、润湿剂、崩解剂和填料按配方的比例混合均匀,经过气流粉碎成可湿性粉剂;再加入一定量的水混合挤压造料,经干燥筛分后,即得到5%双唑草腈+40%二氯喹啉草酮的水分散粒剂。
实施例8 1.8%双唑草腈+8.2%二氯喹啉草酮水乳剂
油相:
双唑草腈 1.8%
二氯喹啉草酮 8.2%
N-甲基吡咯烷酮 10%
乙氧基化蓖麻油 5%
水相:
磺化的萘磺酸-甲醛缩合产物的钠盐 1%
水 补足至100%
将双唑草腈、二氯喹啉草酮溶解在N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,加入乙氧基化蓖麻油得到油相;按照配方将磺化的萘磺酸-甲醛缩合产物的钠盐,水混合均匀得到水相;在搅拌下将油相加入水相,即得到1.8%双唑草腈+8.2%二氯喹啉草酮的水乳剂。
实施例9 10%双唑草腈+40%二氯喹啉草酮悬浮剂
双唑草腈 | 10% |
二氯喹啉草酮 | 40% |
烷基二甲基苄基铵 | 10% |
三硅氧烷聚氧乙烯醚 | 8% |
聚乙烯醇 | 4% |
丙二醇 | 5% |
硅酮 | 3% |
水补足至100%
将活性组分以及各种助剂与水混合,经高速剪切分散、砂磨机砂磨后,形成高分散、稳定的悬浮体系,制得悬浮剂。
实施例10 1.8%双唑草腈+3.2%二氯喹啉草酮包衣颗粒剂
双唑草腈 1.8%
二氯喹啉草酮 3.2%
聚乙二醇 3%
高度分散的硅酸 1%
碳酸钙 补足至100%
在混合器中,将磨细的活性组分均匀涂布到被聚乙二醇润湿的载体上,以此方式可获得1.8%双唑草腈+3.2%二氯喹啉草酮的无尘包衣颗粒剂。
实施例11 5%双唑草腈+25%二氯喹啉草酮挤出颗粒剂
双唑草腈 5%
二氯喹啉草酮 25%
木质素磺酸钠 4%
羧甲基纤维素 2%
高岭土 补足至100%
将活性组分与助剂混合并研磨,混合物用水润湿;将该混合物挤出,然后在空气流中干燥,即得到5%双唑草腈+25%二氯喹啉草酮的挤出颗粒剂。
实施例12 5%双唑草腈+20%二氯喹啉草酮微囊悬浮-悬浮剂
Synperonic PE/64 3.5%
柠檬酸 0.05%
催化剂 0.1%
水 5%
二氯喹啉草酮 20%
PAPI 0.77%
SOLVESSOTM200 4%
Synperonic PE/64 5%
分散剂LFH 0.15%
消泡剂 0.16%
尿素 3.5%
双唑草腈 5%
水 补足至100%
将PAPI、双唑草腈、SOLVESSOTM200形成的油相加入含Synperonic PE/64的水溶液中,形成乳状液;然后加热并保温在50℃下加入催化剂反应2小时,冷却后得到双唑草腈的微囊剂。
将Synperonic PE/64、分散剂LFH、消泡剂、尿素、二氯喹啉草酮和水按比例混合均匀,并经砂磨,制备成二氯喹啉草酮的悬浮剂。
将得到的双唑草腈微囊剂加入二氯喹啉草酮的悬浮剂中,搅拌均匀,即得到5%双唑草腈+20%二氯喹啉草酮微囊悬浮-悬浮剂。
实施例13 10%双唑草腈+20%二氯喹啉草酮悬浮乳剂
双唑草腈 10%
二氯喹啉草酮 20%
N-甲基吡咯烷酮 20%
乙氧基化蓖麻油 2%
壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯 3%
改性木质素磺酸钙 3%
黄原胶 1%
膨润土 1%
丙三醇 5%
水 补足至100%
将二氯喹啉草酮溶解在N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,加入乙氧基化蓖麻油,得到二氯喹啉草酮的油相。
将双唑草腈、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、改性木质素磺酸钙、黄原胶、膨润土、丙三醇和水按比例混合均匀,并经砂磨,制备成悬浮剂。
将含二氯喹啉草酮的油相加入到含双唑草腈的悬浮剂中,即得到10%双唑草腈+20%二氯喹啉草酮悬浮乳剂。
实施例14 10%双唑草腈+20%二氯喹啉草酮油悬浮剂
双唑草腈 10%
二氯喹啉草酮 20%
对甲氧基脂肪酰胺基苯磺酸钠 10%
山梨聚糖脂肪酸酯 5%
膨润土 1%
大豆油 补足至100%
将活性组分、分散剂、润湿剂和大豆油等各组分按照配方的比例混合均匀,经研磨和/或高速剪切后,即得到10%双唑草腈+20%二氯喹啉草酮的油悬浮剂。
实施例15 20%双唑草腈+30%二氯喹啉草酮干悬浮剂
双唑草腈 | 20% |
二氯喹啉草酮 | 30% |
烷基二甲基苄基铵 | 5% |
三硅氧烷聚氧乙烯醚 | 8% |
聚乙烯醇 | 4% |
丙二醇 | 5% |
硅酮 | 5% |
高岭土补足至100%
将活性组分以及各种助剂与水混合,经高速剪切分散、砂磨机砂磨后,形成高分散、稳定的悬浮体系,制得悬浮剂,将得到的悬浮液经过流化床干燥得到本发明的干悬浮剂。
实施例16 40%双唑草腈+40%二氯喹啉草酮水分散粒剂
双唑草腈 40%
二氯喹啉草酮 40%
聚氧乙烯月桂基醚羧酸钠 4%
十二烷基硫酸钠 5%
硫酸铵 5%
高岭土 补足至100%
将活性组分、分散剂、润湿剂、崩解剂和填料按配方的比例混合均匀,经过气流粉碎成可湿性粉剂,再加入一定量的水混合挤压造料,经干燥筛分后得到40%双唑草腈+40%二氯喹啉草酮的水分散粒剂。
实施例17 50%双唑草腈+50%二氯喹啉草酮
双唑草腈 50%
二氯喹啉草酮 50%
将双唑草腈、二氯喹啉草酮按照比例混合均匀。
以上实施例中的配比为重量百分配比。
以下实施例说明本发明
苗前试验:
在温室条件下,将植物的种子置于装有砂质粘土的钵中并用土壤覆盖。使用标准土壤作为栽培基质。在苗前阶段,将除草剂单独或以混合物的形式施用到土壤表面。处理后,将钵置于温室中并保持于适于杂草的良好生长条件下。通过与未处理的对照组相比,对4周的测试周期后的植物损害或测试植物出苗后的出苗损害进行视觉评定。测试结果显示,本发明的增效除草组合物对广谱杂草示出非常良好的出苗前除草活性。数据还显示,在适宜的低剂量下,本发明的增效除草组合物的作用超过了根据Colby的预期值,表现明显的增效作用。
温室条件为:温度白天为25oC, 晚上为20oC。大气中的温度介于60至80%。14小时的光照时间。
其中,对两种或多种除草活性成分的混施中显示的增效作用的评价是基于在“CalculationSynergistic and Antagonistic Response of Herbicide Combinations”(Weeds 15/1(1967),S.R.Colby)中描述的Colby’s方法确定的。
式中,X为双唑草腈以某剂量单用时对靶标杂草的防效。
Y为二氯喹啉草酮以某剂量单用时对靶标杂草的防效。
E0为双唑草腈与二氯喹啉草酮二种药剂混用时对靶标杂草防效的理论值。
E为双唑草腈与二氯喹啉草酮二种药剂混用时对靶标杂草防效的实测值。
若E> E0,则表示除草组合物具有增效作用;
若E< E0,则表示除草组合物显示拮抗作用;
若E=E0,则表示除草组合物显示加和作用。
用于表示各种植物品种的缩写就有下面含义:
ORYSW=稻
CYPDI=异型莎草
ECHGH=稗
MOOVA=鸭舌草
ABUTH =苘麻
表1:本发明除草组合物对异型莎草(CYPDI)的防效
表2:本发明除草组合物对稗(ECHGH)的防效
表3本发明除草组合物对苘麻(ABUTH)的防效
表4 本发明除草组合物对鸭舌草(MOOVA)的防效
表1、2、3和4数据显示,本发明的除草组合物对异型莎草、稗、苘麻、鸭舌草进行出苗前处理。处理四周后,本发明的除草组合物显示很好的抗杂草活性,并且与单个化合物活性相比,显示明显的增效作用。
而且,通过对稻的观察,本发明的除草组合物未失去对稻作物的选择性,对稻作物安全。
对温室中除草组合物的芽后除草活性的评价
在温室条件下,将所需测试植物种类的种子种植在苗钵中。使用标准土壤作为栽培基质。当植物达到1-3叶期时,将除草剂单独或以组合的形式处理叶片。每个处理重复4次。
按照一定重量百分比配制试剂:1、双唑草腈;2、二氯喹啉草酮;3、双唑草腈+二氯喹啉草酮;之后将上述各试剂用水稀释,获得药剂稀释液。
调查方法:
试验处理21d后目测靶标受害症状及生长抑制情况,并称地上部分鲜重,计算鲜重抑制率(%)。
对两种或多种除草活性成分的混施中显示的增效作用的评价是基于在“CalculationSynergistic and Antagonistic Response of Herbicide Combinations”(Weeds 15/1(1967),S.R.Colby)中描述的Colby’s方法确定的。
式中,X为双唑草腈以某剂量单用时对靶标杂草的鲜重抑制率。
Y为二氯喹啉草酮以某剂量单用时对靶标杂草的鲜重抑制率。
E0为双唑草腈与二氯喹啉草酮二种药剂混用时对靶标杂草鲜重抑制率的理论值。
E为双唑草腈与二氯喹啉草酮二种药剂混用时对靶标杂草鲜重抑制率的实测值。
若E> E0,则表示除草组合物具有增效作用;
若E< E0,则表示除草组合物显示拮抗作用;
若E=E0,则表示除草组合物显示加和作用。
用于表示各种植物品种的缩写有下面含义:
ORYSW=稻
CYPDI=异型莎草
ECHGH=稗
MOOVA=鸭舌草
ABUTH =苘麻
表5本发明除草组合物对异型莎草(CYPDI)的防效
表6:本发明除草组合物对稗(ECHGH)的防效
表7 本发明除草组合物对苘麻(ABUTH)的防效
表8本发明除草组合物对鸭舌草(MOOVA)的防效
表5、6、7、8数据显示,本发明的除草组合物对异型莎草、稗、苘麻、鸭舌草进行芽后处理。处理四周后,本发明的除草组合物显示很好的抗杂草活性,并且与单个化合物活性相比,显示明显的增效作用。
而且,通过对稻作物的观察,本发明的除草组合物未失去对稻作物的选择性,对稻作物安全。
Claims (16)
1.一种除草组合物,其特征在于,其活性组分由双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮组成;所述双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮的重量配比为30:1-1:50,优选30:1-1:40,30:1-1:30,优选为25:1-1:25,进一步优选为20:1-1:20,再优选为15:1-1:15,更优选为10:1-1:10,更优选为5:1-1:5。
2.根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述除草组合物还包括填充剂和/或表面活性剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述除草组合物的剂型为可湿性粉剂、水溶性粒剂、水溶性液剂、乳油、悬浮剂、微囊剂、微乳剂、水乳剂、悬浮乳剂、微囊悬浮-悬浮剂、水分散粒剂、超低容量液剂、片剂、低容量分散粒剂、丸剂或干悬浮剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮的总量占所述除草组合物以重量计的1%-90%,优选5%-80%,更优选10%-70%,更优选10%-60%,更优选20%-60%,更优选20%-50%。
5.权利要求1所述的除草组合物在防治不希望的植物生长中的用途。
6.根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物在防治单子叶和双子叶杂草不希望的植物生长的用途。
7.权利要求1所述的除草组合物在防治稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.)、千金子(( Leptochloa Beauv. )、马唐(Digitaria spp.)、繁缕(Stellaria media)、慈姑(Sagittaria sagittifolia)、反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus)、卷茎蓼(Fallopia(exPolygonum)Convolvulus)、苘麻(Abuthilon theophrasti)、泽泻(OrientalWaterplantain Rhizome)、鸭舌草(Duck tongue grass)、雨久花(Monochoriakorsakowii)、陌上菜(Lindernia procumbens)、龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)、萤蔺(Scirpusjuncoides Roxb)、异型莎草(Cyperus difformis L.)、藜(Chenopodium alum L.)、野燕麦(Avena fatua L.)、阿拉伯婆婆纳( Veronica persica)不希望的植物生长的用途。
8.权利要求1所述的除草组合物在防治油菜、甜菜、大豆、棉花、稻、大麦、小麦、玉米作物中不希望的植物生长的用途。
9.权利要求1所述的除草组合物在防治稻作物中不希望的植物生长的用途。
10.一种防治不希望的植物生长的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:(i)在不希望的植物发芽之前;(ii)在不希望的植物发芽之后;或(iii)在(i)和(ii)时,将权利要求1所述的除草组合物施用于不希望的植物或其生长场所。
11.一种防治不希望的植物生长的方法,其特征在于,将权利要求1所述的除草组合物的活性组分双唑草腈和二氯喹啉草酮共同或单独地施用于不希望的植物或其生长场所。
12.一种防治不希望的植物生长的方法,其特征在于,将权利要求1所述的除草组合物在有用作物的植株、有用作物的种子或有用作物的其它繁殖部分存在下施用。
13.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,将权利要求1所述的除草组合物在有用作物播种或发芽之前或播种后发芽前直接施用于植物或植物生长场所。
14.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的有用作物为稻。
15.一种防治不希望的植物生长的方法,其特征在于,包括使不希望的植物或其生长场所与除草有效量的权利要求1所述的除草组合物接触。
16.一种防治不希望的植物生长的方法,其特征在于,包括向土壤中施用除草有效量的权利要求1所述的除草组合物以防止不希望的植物的发芽或生长。
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