CN108061600B - A kind of miniaturization spectrum imaging system and imaging method - Google Patents

A kind of miniaturization spectrum imaging system and imaging method Download PDF

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CN108061600B
CN108061600B CN201711336782.6A CN201711336782A CN108061600B CN 108061600 B CN108061600 B CN 108061600B CN 201711336782 A CN201711336782 A CN 201711336782A CN 108061600 B CN108061600 B CN 108061600B
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image
spectral coverage
imaging system
row
module
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CN108061600A (en
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陶淑苹
张续严
金光
徐伟
曲宏松
吴勇
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Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics of CAS
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/2803Investigating the spectrum using photoelectric array detector
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/2823Imaging spectrometer
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/2823Imaging spectrometer
    • G01J2003/2826Multispectral imaging, e.g. filter imaging

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  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of miniaturization spectrum imaging system and imaging method, it is related to photoelectric imaging technology field, while there is promotion signal-to-noise ratio in the high light spectrum image-forming technology for solving existing CMOS, the problem of reducing the spatial resolution of target, including camera lens, beam splitter and imaging system electronics, incident ray projects to beam splitter through lens focus, light is divided into n narrow wave spectrum sections after beam splitter, imaging system electronics receives n spectral coverage light and is translated into electric signal, and imaging method includes two processes of spectral position Fast Calibration and high light spectrum image-forming;Calibration process, after the assembly is completed to n wave spectrum in the Fast Calibration of sensor focal plane projected position, carries out high light spectrum image-forming according to calibration result imaging system after calibration for imaging system;The present invention uses the cmos image sensor with row to more windowing functions, not only small power consumption, at low cost, but also level of integrated system is high, to meet the demand that high light spectrum image-forming develops to small light.

Description

A kind of miniaturization spectrum imaging system and imaging method
Technical field
The present invention relates to photoelectric imaging technology fields, and in particular to a kind of miniaturization spectrum imaging system and imaging method.
Background technique
Spectral imaging technology is while obtaining the two-dimensional space characteristic information of target, the spectrum letter of available target Breath, therefore there is wide application in fields such as military investigation, agricultural observation, environmental monitoring, disaster investigation and geological prospectings Space simultaneously plays an important role.Wherein Hyperspectral imager is in most of field of natural science and the portion of people's lives Point field, for example crop yield is estimated, Evaluation On The Soil Environmental Quality, water pollution detection, air pollution detection etc., plays important work With.However that there is volume weights is big, power consumption is high, with high costs for most domestic Hyperspectral imagers at present, and right Application environment has relatively high the problem of requiring.Small light Hyperspectral imager becomes urgent growth requirement in recent years.
Since Hyperspectral imager need to cause to be incident on sensor using beam splitters such as optical filter, prism or gratings The energy of focal plane is fainter, therefore proposes rigors to obtain the image of high imaging quality to the sensitivity of sensor, Traditional Hyperspectral imager generallys use ccd image sensor.But in level of integrated system, volume, power consumption, in price, There are obvious disadvantages compared with cmos sensor for ccd sensor.Recently as the promotion of CMOS manufacturing process, the bloom based on CMOS Spectral imaging technology emerges, and in order to improve sensitivity, existing method, which is taken, to be carried out in spectrum dimension direction with spectral coverage M pixel combination Measure, although signal-to-noise ratio is promotedTimes, but the spatial resolution of target also accordingly has dropped M times.
Summary of the invention
While the present invention is that the high light spectrum image-forming technology for solving existing CMOS has promotion signal-to-noise ratio, target is reduced The problem of spatial resolution, provides a kind of miniaturization spectrum imaging system and imaging method.
A kind of miniaturization spectrum imaging system, including camera lens, beam splitter and imaging system electronics, incident ray is through mirror Head focus projection is to beam splitter, and light is divided into n narrow wave spectrum sections after beam splitter, and imaging system electronics receives n A spectral coverage light is simultaneously translated into electric signal;
The imaging system electronics includes face array CMOS image sensor and image forming process unit;The imaging list Member includes FPGA, and the FPGA includes that Clock management module, communication module, focal plane mould group drive control module, image data connect Receive module, multispectral section of independent time delay default integral algorithm module, Data Integration module and storage control module;
The Clock management module is responsible for the clock distribution of all modules in imaging system;
Communication module is used to receive the control instruction of external equipment transmission, and will be after control instruction decoding acquisition imaging parameters It is sent to focal plane mould group drive control module, the focal plane mould group drive control module is generated according to decoded imaging parameters and passed Sensor driver' s timing realizes that n spectral coverage corresponds to the exposure image of window;
The high speed serial differential picture signal of cmos image sensor output exports the reception of the image data to FPGA Module, described image data reception module is parallel data according to sensor image encryption algorithm decoded serial image, and is used for The calling of multispectral section of independent time delay default integral algorithm module;
The multispectral section of independent time postpones default integral algorithm module according to the integral series of each spectral coverage, respectively to n spectral coverage It carrying out independent time and postpones integration operation, row period each spectral coverage exports a line image, add up total n row integral image, He does not export image and is cached in piece by storage control module control or chip external memory;
N row integral image is carried out row flowline numbering to the Data Integration module and spectral coverage is numbered, with n spectral coverage number of a line It is identical according to row serial number, add 1 automatically by a row Periodic Traveling serial number, the spectral coverage number is opened according to cmos image sensor Window position number consecutively is exported all spectral coverage data by counting to pass to connect after increasing row flowing water and spectral coverage number.
A kind of miniaturization spectrum imaging method, the imaging method include spectral position Fast Calibration and high light spectrum image-forming two Process;Calibration process for imaging system after the assembly is completed to n wave spectrum sensor focal plane projected position quick mark It is fixed, high light spectrum image-forming is carried out according to calibration result imaging system after calibration;Specific steps are as follows:
Step 1: spectral position Fast Calibration;
Step 1 one, the imaging pattern that imaging system is arranged are spectral position Fast Calibration mode;
The control sequential that step 1 two, FPGA generate focal plane mould group drive control module under calibration mode is full resolution Face battle array output;
Step 1 three adjusts monochromator and exports monochromatic light, and output wavelength is one of wavelength of beam splitter;
Step 1 four takes pictures and stores image;
Step 1 five, the peak response section for calculating image, and established according to the peak response interval computation result of image Wavelength draws with position of focal plane relationship number;
Step 1 six, adjustment monochromator output wavelength repeat step 1 four to step 1 five, until traversing all spectrum Wavelength;And drawn according to complete wavelength and position of focal plane relationship number, determine n of the corresponding cmos image sensor of n spectral coverage Open a window position and window size;
Step 2: high light spectrum image-forming;
Step 2 one, the imaging pattern that imaging system is arranged are high light spectrum image-forming mode;
Step 2 two, FPGA obtain n windowing position and the window size of cmos image sensor according to step 1 six, raw It opens a window at cmos image sensor and instruction is set;
Step 2 three, FPGA open a window according to cmos image sensor is arranged instruction generation driver' s timing;
N step 2 four, setting spectral coverage integrate series;
Step 2 five, according to the corresponding each spectral coverage image of integral series using independent time postpone default integral algorithm module into Row calculates, and each spectral coverage obtains a line integral image data, calculation formula after calculating are as follows:
In formula, SkIndicate the multispectral image of k-th of row period output, ROIn,k(i) k-th of row period of the n-th spectral coverage is indicated The i-th row image;
Step 2 six after the integral image data that step 2 five obtains are carried out with row serial number and spectral coverage number, passes through number It passes interface and exports n row integral image;
Whether step 2 seven, judgment step two or five obtain each spectral coverage integral image gray scale uniform, if so, executing step 2 Five, if not, executing step 2 four.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: a kind of highly sensitive high-resolution Hyperspectral imager of miniaturization of the present invention, Imaging system electronics uses the cmos image sensor with row to more windowing functions, not only small power consumption, at low cost, but also is Integrated level of uniting is high, to meet the demand that high light spectrum image-forming develops to small light.It is sensed by ingenious using cmos image The row of device devises the projection relation of n spectral coverage with cmos image sensor n windowing window to more windowing functions.In addition this hair It is bright to propose that a kind of multispectral section of independent time delay integral algorithm, the algorithm be independently arranged product according to the response difference of different spectral coverage It is classified number MiThe integral image of each spectral coverage uniform gray level is obtained, imaging system sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio are improvedTimes, simultaneously Spatial resolution remains unchanged.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of composition block diagram for minimizing spectrum imaging system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of functional block diagram for minimizing spectrum imaging system of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is that n spectral coverage cmos image sensor windowing is shown in a kind of miniaturization spectrum imaging system of the present invention It is intended to;
Fig. 4 is a kind of miniaturization spectrum imaging method flow chart of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment one illustrates that present embodiment, a kind of highly sensitive high-resolution of miniaturization are high in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Fig. 3 Spectrum imaging system, including camera lens 1, beam splitter 2, imaging system electronics 3.Camera lens 1 is focused after collecting incident ray Beam splitter 2 is projected to, n required for light is subdivided into after beam splitter 2 narrow wave spectrum section, imaging system electronics 3 n spectral coverage light of reception are simultaneously translated into electric signal.
Conventional components can be used in camera lens described in present embodiment, and beam splitter can use optical filter, prism, light Matured product can be used in modes, camera lens and the beam splitters such as grid, interference light splitting.The imaging system electronics includes focal plane Mould group and image forming process unit are the focused protection part of this patent.
The focal plane mould group uses face array CMOS image sensor.The not only system integration of selected cmos image sensor Degree height, volume small power consumption, and have row to more windowing functions, selection exposure and reading can be carried out for spectral coverage projected position. Cmos image sensor installation direction is to go to parallel with beam splitter spectrum change direction.As shown in Fig. 2, bloom of the invention Spectrum imaging system electronics includes focal plane mould group and image forming process unit.Focal plane mould group uses face array CMOS image sensor.Institute Selecting cmos image sensor, not only level of integrated system is high, volume small power consumption, but also has row to more windowing functions, can be for spectrum Section projected position carries out selection exposure and reading.In imaging system cmos image sensor installation direction be row to beam splitter Spectrum change direction is parallel, and n spectral coverage cmos image sensor windowing is as shown in Figure 3.
Image forming process unit further includes power module, crystal oscillator, communication interface, number biography using programmable logic device as core Interface and external memory, the power module are programmable logic device power supply, and crystal oscillator is for providing programmable logic device System clock, programmable logic device uses FPGA in this example, and FPGA software function module includes Clock management module, communication Module, focal plane mould group drive control module, image data receiving module, multispectral section of independent time postpone default integral algorithm module, number According to integrating module and storage control module.Clock management module is responsible for all module clock distribution of system.Communication module is on the one hand The control instruction that external equipment is sent is received, obtains imaging parameters after instruction parsing, another party's facing external equipment sends coding Camera status information afterwards, communication interface can be the various general-purpose interface forms such as CAN, RS422, RS232.The driving control of focal plane mould group Molding block generates sensor driver' s timing according to decoded imaging parameters, completes the exposure image that each spectral coverage corresponds to window.Figure It is parallel data as data reception module decodes high speed serial differential image according to sensor image encryption algorithm, solely for multispectral section Vertical time delay integration algoritic module calls.Time delay integration algoritic module is according to the integral series of each spectral coverage, respectively to n Spectral coverage carries out independent time and postpones integration operation, and 1 row period, each spectral coverage exported 1 row image, adds up total n row integral image, Other intermediate results are cached in on-chip memory or chip external memory (the outer DDR2/DDR3 of piece) under storage control module control In.N row integral image is carried out row flowline numbering to Data Integration module and spectral coverage is numbered, with n spectral coverage data line flowing water of a line It is number identical, add 1 automatically by a row Periodic Traveling serial number, spectral coverage number opens a window position number consecutively according to cmos sensor, All spectral coverage data are exported according to number biography interface requirement after increasing row flowing water and spectral coverage number.
Specific embodiment two, embodiment is described with reference to Fig. 4, and present embodiment is described in specific embodiment one A kind of imaging method minimizing highly sensitive high-resolution Hyperspectral imager, the imaging method are divided into a process, respectively Spectral position Fast Calibration mode and high light spectrum image-forming mode.Calibration mode is for imaging system after the assembly is completed to n wavelength Spectrum can be carried out formally after calibration according to calibration result imaging system in the Fast Calibration of sensor focal plane projected position High light spectrum image-forming.As shown in Figure 4.
Spectral position Fast Calibration mode the technical solution adopted is as follows:
Step 1: setting imaging pattern is spectral position Fast Calibration mode;
Step 2: it is full resolution face battle array that programmable logic device generates sensor drive control timing under calibration mode Output;
Step 3: adjustment monochromator simultaneously exports monochromatic light, and output wavelength is one of wavelength of beam splitter;
Step 4: taking pictures and stores image;
Step 5: the peak response section of image is calculated;
Step 6: wavelength is established according to peak response interval computation result and is drawn with position of focal plane relationship number;
Step 7: adjustment monochromator output wavelength repeats step 4 to step 6, until traversing all spectral wavelengths. Draw at this time according to complete wavelength and position of focal plane relationship number, that is, can determine n windowing position of n spectral coverage corresponding sensor and Size.
High light spectrum image-forming mode the technical solution adopted is as follows:
Step 1: setting imaging pattern is high light spectrum image-forming mode;
Step 2: programmable logic device wavelength basis and position of focal plane relationship number draw n windowing position of determining sensor It sets and size, generation sensor windowing setting instructs;
Step 3: programming device opens a window according to cmos sensor is arranged instruction generation driver' s timing;
Step 4: n spectral coverage of setting integrates series;
Step 5: integral algorithm is postponed using independent time for each spectral coverage image according to integral series, algorithm calculates Formula is as follows:
In formula, SkIndicate the multispectral image of k-th of row period output, ROIn,k(i) k-th of row period of the n-th spectral coverage is indicated The i-th row image.
Step 6: it after carrying out row serial number and spectral coverage number to the image data obtained after time delay integration algorithm, presses The output of interface compatibility format is passed according to number, each row period exports 1 row/spectral coverage, exports n row integral image altogether;
Step 7: series is integrated according to each spectral coverage of image result feedback regulation is obtained, it may be assumed that judgment step five obtains each spectrum Whether section integral image gray scale is uniform, if so, step 5 is executed, if not, executing step 4.Until each spectral coverage image grayscale Uniformly.
Multispectral section of independent time described in present embodiment postpones integral algorithm, before not losing goal pels resolution ratio It puts, is added up by the multiple exposure value to same target in different moments and realize that equivalent exposure time increases, improve imaging system System sensitivity, while according to the spectral response difference of target, each spectral coverage can be independently arranged different integral series Mi, to obtain Take the high spectrum image of each spectral coverage uniform gray level.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of imaging method for minimizing spectrum imaging system, including camera lens, beam splitter and imaging system electronics, incident Light projects to beam splitter through lens focus, and light is divided into n narrow wave spectrum sections, imaging system electronics after beam splitter It learns and receives n narrow spectral coverage light and be translated into electric signal, it is characterized in that;
The imaging system electronics includes face array CMOS image sensor and image forming process unit;The image forming process unit packet FPGA is included, the FPGA includes Clock management module, communication module, focal plane mould group drive control module, image data reception mould Block, multispectral section of independent time delay default integral algorithm module, Data Integration module and storage control module;
The Clock management module is responsible for the clock distribution of all modules in imaging system;
Communication module is used to receive the control instruction of external equipment transmission, and sends after control instruction is decoded acquisition imaging parameters To focal plane mould group drive control module, the focal plane mould group drive control module generates sensor according to decoded imaging parameters Driver' s timing realizes that n spectral coverage corresponds to the exposure image of window;
The high speed serial differential picture signal of cmos image sensor output exports the image data receiving module to FPGA, Described image data reception module is parallel data according to sensor image encryption algorithm decoded serial image, and is used for multispectral section The calling of independent time delay default integral algorithm module;
The multispectral section of independent time delay default integral algorithm module respectively carries out n spectral coverage according to the integral series of each spectral coverage Independent time postpones integration operation, and row period each spectral coverage exports a line image, adds up total n row integral image, other are not Output image is cached in piece by storage control module control or chip external memory;
N row integral image is carried out row flowline numbering to the Data Integration module and spectral coverage is numbered, with n spectral coverage data line of a line Serial number is identical, adds 1 automatically by a row Periodic Traveling serial number, the spectral coverage number is according to cmos image sensor windowing position Number consecutively is set, is exported all spectral coverage data by counting to pass to connect after increasing row flowing water and spectral coverage number;
The method being imaged using the spectrum imaging system, including two mistakes of spectral position Fast Calibration and high light spectrum image-forming Journey;Calibration process for imaging system after the assembly is completed to n wave spectrum sensor focal plane projected position Fast Calibration, High light spectrum image-forming is carried out according to calibration result imaging system after calibration;Specific steps are as follows:
Step 1: spectral position Fast Calibration;
Step 1 one, the imaging pattern that imaging system is arranged are spectral position Fast Calibration mode;
The control sequential that step 1 two, FPGA generate focal plane mould group drive control module under calibration mode is full resolution face battle array Output;
Step 1 three adjusts monochromator and exports monochromatic light, and output wavelength is one of wavelength of beam splitter;
Step 1 four takes pictures and stores image;
Step 1 five, the peak response section for calculating image, and wavelength is established according to the peak response interval computation result of image Draw with position of focal plane relationship number;
Step 1 six, adjustment monochromator output wavelength repeat step 1 four to step 1 five, until traversing all spectrum waves It is long;And drawn according to complete wavelength and position of focal plane relationship number, determine that n of the corresponding cmos image sensor of n spectral coverage open Window position and window size;
Step 2: high light spectrum image-forming;
Step 2 one, the imaging pattern that imaging system is arranged are high light spectrum image-forming mode;
Step 2 two, FPGA obtain n windowing position and the window size of cmos image sensor according to step 1 six, generate Cmos image sensor windowing setting instruction;
Step 2 three, FPGA open a window according to cmos image sensor is arranged instruction generation driver' s timing;
N step 2 four, setting spectral coverage integrate series;
Step 2 five is counted according to the corresponding each spectral coverage image of integral series using independent time delay default integral algorithm module It calculates, each spectral coverage obtains a line integral image data, calculation formula after calculating are as follows:
In formula, SkIndicate the multispectral image of k-th of row period output, ROIn,k(i) the i-th of k-th of row period of the n-th spectral coverage is indicated Row image;
Step 2 six after the integral image data that step 2 five obtains are carried out with row serial number and spectral coverage number, is connect by number biography Mouth output n row integral image;
Whether step 2 seven, judgment step two or five obtain each spectral coverage integral image gray scale uniform, if so, step 2 five is executed, If not, executing step 2 four.
2. a kind of imaging method for minimizing spectrum imaging system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described multispectral Section independent time postpones default integral algorithm module, under the premise of keeping goal pels resolution ratio constant, by existing to same target The multiple exposure value of different moments is cumulative to realize that equivalent exposure time increases, while according to the spectral response difference of target, each Spectral coverage can be independently arranged different integral series Mi, obtain the high spectrum image of each spectral coverage uniform gray level;
The calculation formula that the multispectral section of independent time delay default integral algorithm module uses are as follows:
In formula, SkIndicate the multispectral image of k-th of row period output, ROIn,k(i) the i-th of k-th of row period of the n-th spectral coverage is indicated Row image.
3. a kind of imaging method for minimizing spectrum imaging system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the communication Camera status information after module is also used to send coding to external equipment by CAN/RS422/RS232 interface.
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