CN108061598B - Seismic model speed detection method - Google Patents

Seismic model speed detection method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108061598B
CN108061598B CN201610978353.8A CN201610978353A CN108061598B CN 108061598 B CN108061598 B CN 108061598B CN 201610978353 A CN201610978353 A CN 201610978353A CN 108061598 B CN108061598 B CN 108061598B
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seismic model
vibration wave
seismic
vibration
velocity
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CN108061598A (en
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宋遐龄
薛诗桂
王辉明
刘东方
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Geophysical Research Institute
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Geophysical Research Institute
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01HMEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H5/00Measuring propagation velocity of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. of pressure waves
    • G01V1/01
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09BEDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/40Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for geology

Abstract

The invention discloses a seismic model velocity detection method, which comprises the following steps: s1) fixing the seismic model to be detected; s2) emitting constant amplitude vibration waves to one end of the seismic model; s3) detecting the vibration wave passing through the other end of the seismic model; s4) calculating the propagation velocity of the constant amplitude vibration wave in the seismic model. The method for detecting the velocity of the seismic model disclosed by the invention is simple to operate, the measurement result is accurate, and meanwhile, the equal-amplitude vibration wave is emitted to increase the accuracy of the measurement result, so that the method has the advantage of repeatability; the seismic model velocity detection method has high automation degree in the detection process, does not need manual intervention, and reduces the error of the manual intervention on the measurement result.

Description

Seismic model speed detection method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geophysical technology, in particular to a seismic model speed detection method.
Background
The resonance method is an important method for measuring the velocity of elastic waves, and is based on the standing wave principle, and the vibration of the method is similar to that of an organ pipe. An integral number of half wavelengths of vibration are included in the sample to be measured, i.e., the sample length L is equal to n (λ/2), where n is an integer and λ is the wavelength of the standing wave, so the phase velocity v is equal to λ f and equal to 2 Lf/n.
The equipment needed by the method is simpler, but the laboratory has the following problems when the method is used for measuring the speed at present:
firstly, because the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the wave transmitting and receiving devices commonly used at present are not smooth enough, the wave transmitting devices cannot send out vibration output signals with equal amplitude at each frequency point, and the wave detecting devices cannot receive waves with equal amplitude; that is, the wave emitting device cannot convert a flat voltage drive signal into a flat vibration drive signal, while the wave receiving device cannot convert a flat vibration signal into a flat voltage signal for acquisition and processing. The result of this is that the resulting resonance frequency f is not sufficiently accurate.
② the repeatability is poor. Due to the propagation of waves in the sample under test and the coupling of the wave transmitting and receiving device to the sample under test, different test results will result if the degree of compaction is different.
And thirdly, manual intervention is more, the testing efficiency is low, and the testing result is related to the habits and the qualities of experimenters. In addition, the vibration table is easily interfered by external low-frequency signals transmitted from the ground.
Based on the problems, the invention provides a seismic model speed detection method.
Disclosure of Invention
The method for detecting the velocity of the seismic model has simple steps and simple operation, can accurately measure the velocity of the seismic model, can output a driving signal with constant amplitude vibration at each frequency point within the bandwidth range of 1hz-100khz, and can receive the vibration signal penetrating through the seismic model in a broadband manner, thereby accurately obtaining the velocity of the seismic model, does not need manual intervention in the detection process, ensures that the coupling between an experimental splint and the measured model is basically consistent each time through detecting and controlling the pressure between the splint and the measured model, and ensures the repeatability of the experiment.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for detecting seismic model velocity, wherein the method for detecting seismic model velocity comprises the following steps:
s1) fixing the seismic model to be detected;
s2) emitting constant amplitude vibration waves to one end of the seismic model;
s3) detecting the vibration wave passing through the other end of the seismic model;
s4) calculating the propagation velocity of the constant amplitude vibration wave in the seismic model.
The seismic model velocity detection method as described above, wherein, in step S1), the seismic model is fixedly clamped to a predetermined pressure value.
The seismic model velocity detection method as described above, wherein the clamping force applied to the seismic model is detected by a pressure sensor.
The seismic model velocity detection method as described above, wherein step S2) includes the following three steps:
s21) the computer transmits the electric power signal to the stacked piezoelectric ceramics through a digital-to-analog converter to generate output vibration wave;
s22) detecting an output amplitude value of the output vibration wave by a first laser detector, and when a difference between the output amplitude value and a set amplitude value exceeds a set difference, adjusting a driving voltage of the electric power signal so that the difference between the output amplitude value and the set amplitude value is lower than the set difference, and recording the driving voltage corresponding to each frequency point within a frequency range of the output vibration wave in a table;
s23): and the computer drives the stacked piezoelectric ceramics to generate the constant-amplitude vibration wave according to the driving voltage corresponding to each frequency point in the table.
The seismic model velocity detection method as described above, wherein the vibration wave is detected by detection by a second laser detector.
The seismic model velocity detection method as described above, wherein a power amplifier is electrically connected between the digital-to-analog converter and the stack of piezoelectric ceramics.
The method for detecting the velocity of the seismic model, wherein the seismic model is clamped by two clamping plates, the clamping plates are arranged on a laboratory table, and at least one clamping plate can slide relatively to the laboratory table.
The method for detecting the velocity of the seismic model, wherein one of the clamping plates is fixedly arranged on the experiment table, the other clamping plate is connected to the experiment table through a sliding rail, and the other clamping plate is connected to the sliding rail in a manner of being capable of sliding back and forth relative to the sliding rail.
The method for detecting the velocity of the seismic model is characterized in that the experiment table is an air cushion shock-isolation table.
In the seismic model velocity detection method as described above, in step S4), the amplitude of the vibration wave is calculated based on the detection result of the vibration wave, the resonance frequency point of the vibration wave is obtained, and the propagation velocity value of the constant-amplitude vibration wave in the seismic model is calculated.
The seismic model velocity detection method is simple to operate, accurate in measurement result, and capable of emitting the constant-amplitude vibration waves to improve the accuracy of the measurement result.
The seismic model velocity detection method provided by the invention is used for fixedly clamping the seismic model to a preset pressure value, and ensures that the coupling between the experimental clamping plate and the tested model is basically consistent every time so as to ensure the repeatability of the experiment.
The seismic model speed detection method has the advantages that in the detection process, the degree of automation is high, manual intervention is not needed, and the error of the manual intervention on the measurement result is reduced.
Drawings
The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way. In addition, the shapes, the proportional sizes, and the like of the respective members in the drawings are merely schematic for facilitating the understanding of the present invention, and do not specifically limit the shapes, the proportional sizes, and the like of the respective members of the present invention. Those skilled in the art, having the benefit of the teachings of this invention, may choose from the various possible shapes and proportional sizes to implement the invention as a matter of case.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a seismic model velocity detection method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the components of the seismic model velocity detection system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the seismic model velocity detection system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The details of the present invention can be more clearly understood in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the description of the embodiments of the present invention. However, the specific embodiments of the present invention described herein are for the purpose of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Any possible variations of the invention, which may be considered to be within the scope of the invention, will occur to those skilled in the art upon studying the disclosure and the accompanying drawings, and the invention will be further described below.
As shown in fig. 1, the seismic model velocity detection method includes the following steps:
s1) fixing the seismic model to be detected;
s2) emitting constant amplitude vibration waves to one end of the seismic model;
s3) detecting the vibration wave at the other end of the seismic model;
s4) calculating the propagation velocity of the constant amplitude vibration wave in the seismic model.
Specifically, in step S1), the seismic model is clamped to a predetermined pressure value, and the clamping force applied to the seismic model is detected by the pressure sensor in the present invention, so as to ensure that the coupling between the seismic model under test and the detection system is substantially consistent during each experimental detection process, thereby ensuring the repeatability of the experiment.
In step S2) includes the following three steps:
s21) the computer transmits the electric power signal to the stacked piezoelectric ceramics through a digital-to-analog converter to generate output vibration wave;
s22) detecting the output amplitude value of the vibration wave by a first laser detector, and when the difference between the output amplitude value and a set amplitude value exceeds a set difference, adjusting the driving voltage of the electric power signal so that the difference between the output amplitude value and the set amplitude value is lower than the set difference, and recording the driving voltage corresponding to each frequency point in the frequency range of the vibration wave in a table;
s23): and the computer drives the stacked piezoelectric ceramics to generate the constant-amplitude vibration wave according to the driving voltage corresponding to each frequency point in the table. The accuracy of the measurement result is increased by generating a constant amplitude vibration wave.
In step S4), the amplitude of the vibration wave is calculated based on the detection result of the vibration wave, the resonant frequency point of the vibration wave is obtained, and the propagation velocity value of the wave in the seismic model is calculated based on the formula v ═ λ f ═ 2 Lf/n.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the seismic model system used in the seismic model velocity detection method of the present invention is disposed on an experimental table 1, the seismic model velocity detection system includes two clamping plates 2, at least one clamping plate 2 can slide relatively to the experimental table 1, a seismic model 3 to be detected (or referred to as a seismic model 3 to be detected) is sandwiched between the two clamping plates 2, a through hole 21 is disposed on the clamping plate 2, the through hole 21 is disposed opposite to the seismic model 3 so as to allow a laser beam to penetrate through, a first laser vibrometer 4 and a second laser vibrometer 5 are disposed at two ends of the seismic model 3, a vibration signal emission analyzer 6 is disposed between the first laser vibrometer 4 and the seismic model 3, and the vibration signal emission analyzer 6 is electrically connected to the first laser vibrometer 4 and the second laser vibrometer 5.
Specifically, the experiment table 1 is an air cushion shock isolation table, and the air cushion shock isolation table can effectively isolate ground vibration interference of signals higher than 1hz from the outside, so that the accuracy of a measurement result is improved.
One clamping plate 2 is fixedly connected to the experiment table 1, the other clamping plate 2 is connected with the experiment table 1 through a sliding rail 7, the other clamping plate 2 can slide back and forth relative to the sliding rail 7, in a specific embodiment of the invention, the sliding rail 7 is arranged on the experiment table 1, the sliding rail 7 comprises a sliding block 71 capable of sliding back and forth on the sliding rail 7, the sliding block 71 is connected with the other clamping plate 2, and the sliding block 71 slides back and forth on the sliding rail 7, namely, the other clamping plate 2 can slide relative to the experiment table 1, so that the effect that the earthquake model speed detection system can adapt to earthquake models with different sizes is achieved.
Further, a pressure sensor 8 capable of detecting the clamping force applied to the seismic model 3 is arranged between the second laser vibrometer 5 and the seismic model 3, and the clamping force between the experimental splint 2 and the seismic model 3 to be detected is ensured to be the same each time through the detection and control of the pressure between the splint 2 and the seismic model 3 to be detected, namely, the coupling between the experimental splint 2 and the seismic model 3 to be detected is ensured to be basically consistent each time, so that the repeatability of the experiment is ensured.
The vibration signal emission analyzer 6 comprises a computer 61, a digital-to-analog converter 62 and a stack piezoelectric ceramic 63, wherein the digital-to-analog converter 62 is electrically connected with the computer 61 and the stack piezoelectric ceramic 63 respectively, and the computer 61 is also electrically connected with the first laser vibration meter 4 and the second laser vibration meter 5 respectively.
Further, a power amplifier 64 is arranged between the digital-to-analog converter 62 and the stacked piezoelectric ceramic 63, and the power amplifier 64 is electrically connected with the digital-to-analog converter 62 and the stacked piezoelectric ceramic 63 respectively so as to achieve the purpose of accurately transmitting signals to the stacked piezoelectric ceramic 63.
The computer 61 sends a waveform to be sent to a power amplifier 64 through a digital-to-analog converter 62, the waveform is amplified and sent to a stacked piezoelectric ceramic 63, the stacked piezoelectric ceramic 63 converts an electric power signal into a vibration signal and sends the vibration signal to the earthquake model 3 to be detected, vibration waves are generated on the earthquake model 3, the first laser vibration meter 4 detects actual vibration output of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic 63 through detecting vibration on the back surface of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic 63, the actual vibration output is sent to the control computer 61 after the actual vibration output is converted into a voltage value and sent to the control computer 61 for amplitude control, the pressure sensor 8 monitors the pressing force of the earthquake model 3, the second laser vibration meter 5 detects the vibration output of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic 63 and sends a detection result to the computer 61, the computer 61 calculates the acquired amplitude value to obtain a resonance frequency point f, and accordingly obtains a speed value of the earthquake model 3.
As shown in fig. 3, the seismic model 3 is also connected to the laboratory bench by a plurality of brackets 31 to increase the stability of the seismic model 3 clamped between the two clamping plates 2. It should be noted here that fig. 2 is supported by two brackets 31, and the seismic model 3 is not sandwiched by two clamping plates 2, that is, the clamping force of the clamping plates 2 on the seismic model 3 is 0.
After the seismic model speed detection system is installed, the speed test of the seismic model is automatically completed through the control device and a proper working process without manual intervention.
In a specific embodiment of the seismic model velocity detection system used in the seismic model velocity detection method of the invention, the parameters of the seismic model velocity detection system are as follows:
seismic source signal output frequency: 1Hz-100KHz
Seismic model (sample) materials can be tested: organic glass, epoxy resin, metal materials, coal samples, rock samples and the like.
Maximum length of sample: 1.5 m;
minimum length of sample: 10 cm;
maximum diameter of sample: 10 cm;
the minimum diameter of the sample is 2.5 cm;
sample maximum horizontal pressure 500N;
sample minimum horizontal pressure 0N;
the maximum operation range of the slide rail is as follows: 500 mm.
Parameters of the bench:
geometric dimension: 2.4m long, 1.2m wide and 0.8m high;
and (4) balancing function: the air pressure of the air cushion is automatically detected, and the air cushion is automatically balanced and controlled;
isolation effect: the ground vibration interference above 1Hz can be effectively isolated.
The velocity measurement process of the seismic model by using the seismic model velocity detection system in the seismic model velocity detection method comprises the following processes:
(1) mounting the test model
The seismic model 3 is fixed and clamped to a predetermined pressure value.
(2) Establishing a driving voltage table required by constant amplitude vibration output of each frequency point
The vibration output response of the stacked piezoelectric ceramic 63 in the range of 1-100khz working frequency band cannot be output with equal amplitude, i.e. the driving signal with the same amplitude voltage does not obtain different output vibration signals, so that frequency compensation is needed. Because the stacked piezoelectric ceramics 63 can simultaneously output vibration signals with the same amplitude and opposite phases on the front surface and the back surface of the stacked piezoelectric ceramics 63, the first laser vibration meter 4 can measure the actual output vibration value of each frequency point under the condition of the same amplitude driving voltage from the back surface of the stacked piezoelectric ceramics 63, and when the range of the actual vibration value of a certain frequency point higher than or lower than the set value exceeds the set difference value, the error between the output vibration value and the set value is smaller than the set difference value by adjusting the driving voltage. And filling the obtained driving voltage value of the frequency point into a computer table, and after all the frequency points in the frequency band range are detected, driving the stacked piezoelectric ceramics 63 to perform constant-amplitude vibration output in the working frequency band by the computer according to the frequency point sequence and the voltage value according to the table.
(3) Collecting vibration wave by using a second laser vibration meter 5
The second laser vibration meter 5 detects the vibration wave on the other end surface of the tested seismic model 3 through the through hole 21 on the clamping plate 2, namely, the purpose that the vibration wave is detected by the second laser detector is realized. Since the second laser vibration meter 5 can achieve non-contact equal-amplitude reception in a broadband (1-1Mhz), the problems of coupling and unequal-amplitude reception at the receiving end can be avoided.
(4) Calculating to obtain the velocity value of the seismic model 3
And calculating the amplitude value acquired by the second laser vibration meter 5 to obtain a resonance frequency point f, and calculating the velocity value of the seismic model 3 according to a formula of v ═ λ f ═ 2 Lf/n.
The seismic model velocity detection method provided by the invention is used for fixedly clamping the seismic model to a preset pressure value, and ensures that the coupling between the experimental clamping plate and the tested model is basically consistent every time so as to ensure the repeatability of the experiment.
The seismic model speed detection method has the advantages that in the detection process, the degree of automation is high, manual intervention is not needed, and the error of the manual intervention on the measurement result is reduced.
The seismic model velocity detection system used in the seismic model velocity detection method has a simple structure, and can be used for accurately and quickly testing the velocity of the seismic model. The system can output driving signals with constant amplitude vibration at each frequency point within the bandwidth range of 1hz-100khz by arranging the first laser vibration meter, can receive vibration signals penetrating through the earthquake model by arranging the second laser vibration meter without manual intervention in the operation process of the system, ensures that the coupling between an experimental splint and the tested model is basically consistent each time by detecting and controlling the pressure between the splint and the tested model so as to ensure the repeatability of the experiment, automatically completes the test of the speed of the earthquake model by the system through a control device and a proper working flow after the system is installed, does not need manual intervention, isolates external low-frequency vibration interference signals through the air cushion vibration isolation table, realizes the aim of accurate measurement result, and can effectively isolate the ground vibration interference of the signals higher than 1hz from the outside, thereby increasing the accuracy of the measurement results.
The above technical solution is only one embodiment of the present invention, and it is easy for those skilled in the art to make various modifications or variations based on the application method and principle of the present invention disclosed, and not limited to the method described in the above specific embodiment of the present invention. While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way as long as there is no structural conflict. It is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. A seismic model velocity detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1) fixing the seismic model to be detected;
s2) emitting constant amplitude vibration waves to one end of the seismic model;
s3) detecting the vibration wave passing through the other end of the seismic model;
s4) calculating the propagation velocity of the constant amplitude vibration wave in the seismic model;
in step S1), fixedly clamping the seismic model to a predetermined pressure value;
in step S2) includes the following three steps:
s21) the computer transmits the electric power signal to the stacked piezoelectric ceramics through a digital-to-analog converter to generate output vibration wave;
s22) detecting an output amplitude value of the output vibration wave by a first laser detector, and when a difference between the output amplitude value and a set amplitude value exceeds a set difference, adjusting a driving voltage of the electric power signal so that the difference between the output amplitude value and the set amplitude value is lower than the set difference, and recording the driving voltage corresponding to each frequency point within a frequency range of the output vibration wave in a table;
s23): and the computer drives the stacked piezoelectric ceramics according to the driving voltage corresponding to each frequency point in the table to generate the constant-amplitude vibration wave.
2. The seismic model velocity sensing method of claim 1, wherein the clamping force experienced by the seismic model is sensed by a pressure sensor.
3. The seismic model velocity detection method of claim 1, wherein the vibrational wave is detected by a second laser detector.
4. The seismic model velocity detection method of claim 1, wherein a power amplifier is electrically connected between the digital-to-analog converter and the stack of piezoelectric ceramics.
5. The seismic model velocity testing method of claim 1, wherein said seismic model is clamped by two clamping plates, said clamping plates being mounted on a test bed, at least one of said clamping plates being capable of sliding relative to said test bed.
6. The method for detecting the velocity of a seismic model according to claim 5, wherein one of the clamping plates is fixedly arranged on the experiment table, the other clamping plate is connected to the experiment table through a slide rail, and the other clamping plate is connected to the slide rail in a manner that the other clamping plate can slide back and forth relative to the slide rail.
7. The seismic model velocity detection method of claim 5 or 6, wherein the laboratory bench is an air cushion vibration-isolated bench.
8. The seismic model velocity detection method according to claim 1, wherein in step S4), an amplitude of the vibration wave is calculated based on a detection result of the vibration wave to obtain a resonance frequency point of the vibration wave, and a propagation velocity value of the constant-amplitude vibration wave in the seismic model is calculated.
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CN1773742A (en) * 2005-10-27 2006-05-17 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 Piezoelectric ceramic driving electric source
CN102818841B (en) * 2011-06-09 2014-08-06 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Automatic ultrasonic detection system of non-contact solid geologic model
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