CN108060915B - Completion structure capable of improving dewatering and oil increasing capacity - Google Patents
Completion structure capable of improving dewatering and oil increasing capacity Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
- E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
- E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
- E21B34/066—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells electrically actuated
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/34—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well
- E21B43/38—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well in the well
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Details Of Valves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an oil-gas well completion system capable of improving precipitation and oil increasing capacity, which comprises: the well bore is completed, the flow control filter is lowered into the well bore, the packer is suspended at the top, and the entire annulus between the well bore wall and the lowered flow control filter is filled with a continuous packing. The flow control filter comprises a filter sleeve with a filtering function and capable of preventing sand and sealing spacer particles, a flow guide layer is arranged between the filter sleeve and a base pipe, the flow guide layer is communicated with a flow control device, holes communicated with the flow control device are formed in the base pipe, and other parts are blind pipes. The flow control device is a water-sensitive selective flow control valve that can be identified using a sensitivity characteristic of water other than oil or gas. The oil-gas well completion system can automatically and selectively increase the water circulation resistance or close the water circulation channel, and effectively improve the dewatering and oil increasing capacity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a well completion structure for improving the dewatering and oil increasing capacity in an oil and gas well production section, belongs to the field of oil and gas exploitation, and can effectively improve the dewatering and oil increasing capacity in the oil and gas well production process.
Background
1. Water control technology for oil-gas well production
In the petroleum industry, oil and gas production wells are designed to recover crude oil from subsurface reservoirs, while avoiding water in the formation as much as possible. However, many oil and gas wells, especially horizontal wells, often see earlier water and have a faster rise in water content, severely affecting the economic benefits of the oil field. Due to the difference of geological factors such as stratum deposition, diagenetic effect and the like, the permeability heterogeneity along the axial direction of the oil and gas well shaft is strong. In addition, the viscosity of stratum oil and water is often greatly different, so that water often enters a shaft in advance along a stratum with high permeability and rapidly fills most of the space of the shaft, and the oil yield of an oil production section is greatly reduced due to the influence of the water, so that the water content of the oil and gas well production liquid is greatly increased, and the oil yield is greatly reduced. In this process water tends to enter locally from some point or section of the wellbore, and the remaining sections tend to still produce oil. In order to solve the problems, the oil and gas well needs to control water, and especially solves the problem of local water outlet.
In addition, during the production of gas wells, water production problems remain a significant problem. If the water yield in a gas well exceeds the maximum carrying capacity of the gas, a great amount of accumulated water is accumulated at the bottom of the well, and finally a certain height of water column is formed in the well shaft by the accumulated water, so that the natural gas production is blocked.
In order to clarify the mechanism of water outlet of oil and gas well, the applicant has made a great deal of theoretical and experimental research. The applicant starts to establish a comprehensive experimental device of a water outlet mechanism and a water control method in a laboratory from 2008 so as to research the water outlet mechanism and a solution method thereof.
For example, the production section of an oil-gas well is 300 m, the production section with high permeability is 30 m long, the rest 270 m is a hypotonic production section, the permeability between strata is 6 times different, the viscosity ratio of oil and water in the strata is 100 times different, and the theoretical deduction is that when the stratum water enters a shaft in advance along the stratum with high permeability, the water content of the produced liquid of the well can be rapidly increased to 98%.
To verify the results of this theoretical derivation, the applicant has built a simulation device in the laboratory, the photographs of which are shown in particular in fig. 1, a simulated well bore (1) 20 m long, 10 sections of formation being simulated in connection with the well bore (1) by means of 10 sand-filling pipes (2) perpendicular to the well bore (1) and filled with formation sand.
The detailed implementation device is schematically shown in fig. 2, and it can be seen from the figure that in a simulated well bore (1) with the length of 20 meters, a well is completed by 10 sections of common sieve tubes (3) without flow control function, 10 sections of sand filling tubes which are perpendicular to the well bore (1) and filled with stratum sand simulate 10 sections of stratum are connected with the well bore (1), 9 sections of low-permeability stratum (4), 1 section of high-permeability stratum (5) are arranged, and the permeability of the high-permeability stratum is 6 times that of the low-permeability stratum. The 9 sections of low-permeability stratum (4) are filled with oil by an oil pump (6) to simulate oil production, the 1 sections of high-permeability stratum (5) are filled with water by a water pump (7) to simulate water production, the joint of each section of sand filling pipe (2) perpendicular to a shaft and the shaft (1) is monitored by a pressure gauge (8), and the joints of the sand filling pipes (2) perpendicular to the shaft are connected by an axial sand filling pipe (9) to simulate axial bypass of fluid in the stratum.
The ratio of the viscosity of the oil to the water used in the experiment was 100:1, and then the proportion of the produced liquid oil to the water in the well bore was observed. In an experimental well, when water is produced in a hypertonic section, only 10% of stratum produces water, 90% of stratum produces oil, and the wellhead water content is up to 96%, and the oil content is only 4%. The applicant firstly expounds from experimental results and theoretical analysis results, and discovers the hazard and severity of the local water outlet of the oil and gas well. Although the water content of the oil-gas field is rapidly increased due to local water yielding, the economic benefit is influenced, and meanwhile, the method brings great market prospect for the oil-gas well water control technology. If the local water outlet point or the water outlet section can be controlled, a large number of residual production sections still exist in the shaft, so that the oil production can be continued, the oil production potential is huge, and the oil field water control significance is great.
2. Flow control filter device
In order to solve the problem that the water content of the oil and gas well is rapidly increased due to local water outlet, water outlet points or water outlet sections are limited or completely prevented, but other oil production sections cannot be limited in order not to influence the oil yield. Flow control filter devices are one of the solutions, which devices are also often referred to in the industry as flow control screens or ICD (Inflow Control Device flow control device) screens or the like, collectively referred to herein as flow control filters. The inside of the flow control filter is a base pipe, a filtering sleeve with a filtering function and capable of preventing sand is sleeved on the base pipe, a flow guide layer is arranged between the filtering sleeve and the base pipe, the flow guide layer is communicated with the flow control device, holes communicated with the flow control device are formed in the base pipe of the sieve tube, other parts are blind pipes, liquid flows into the flow guide layer after being filtered by the filtering sleeve and then enters the sieve tube through the flow control device, the route of the liquid flowing out of the sieve tube is opposite to the inflow route, and stratum particles such as gravel can be prevented from entering the flow control device to block a passage through which the fluid passes by the filtering sleeve outside the sieve tube. Such flow control devices are generally of the nozzle type, the channel type, kong Banxing and the like, and are commonly used at present. When fluid enters the flow control filter, the flow control filter has a limiting effect on high-flow-rate water and has no substantial effect on the flow of oil.
Still take the example of an oil-gas well with a production section of 300 m and a high permeability and a production section of 30 m, the permeability between strata differing by 6 times, and the viscosity ratio of oil and water in the strata differing by 100 times. The flow rate of water can be limited to 1/20 of the original flow rate by the flow control filter, and the flow rate of oil is low and is not affected, so that the water content of an oil-gas well can be reduced to 73%. The flow control filter device reduced the water content by 25 percentage points.
3. Semi-permeable packing flow control technique (also known as continuous packing body sectional flow control technique)
Semi-permeable packing flow control techniques are one potential technique (or in-situ) to address the problems associated with water flowing axially along a wellbore. The applicant carries out long-term research on a semi-permeable packing flow control technology so as to solve the problem of axial cross flow in the aspect of oil and gas well water control.
The semi-permeable packing flow control technology is that a flow control filter pipe column is firstly put into an oil-gas well, an annulus exists between the flow control filter pipe column and a well wall (the annulus is a generalized annulus and comprises not only the annulus between the flow control filter pipe column and an outer pipe column or the well wall, but also cement ring channeling grooves, the annulus between an old well screen pipe and the well wall, the annulus between a perforated pipe and the well wall and the like), then particulate media are filled into the annulus, and the semi-permeable packing ring is formed by filling and compacting. The semi-permeable excluder ring has the characteristics of high axial flow resistance and low radial flow resistance, and does not influence production. The semi-permeable isolating ring axially isolates the oil and gas well into a plurality of relatively independent production intervals, and combines the axial flow control function of the flow control filter device. The details are shown in the patent (application number: 200910250790.8) of applicant's invention, namely a sectional flow control method of a flow control filter column of an oil and gas well with a channeling groove outside a sleeve, a sectional flow control method of a flow control filter column of an oil and gas well with a sand control pipe (application number: 200910250792.7), and a sectional flow control method of a flow control filter column of an oil and gas well with a perforated pipe (application number: 200910250793.1).
The above-mentioned semi-permeable packing flow control technique has been named continuous packing segment flow control technique in later technical research. Therefore, in the patent, the semi-permeable packing ring and the semi-permeable packing flow control technology are respectively changed into a continuous packing body and a continuous packing body segmented flow control technology, and the particles forming the continuous packing body are called packing body particles.
4. Continuous packing body and flow control filter combined water control technology application
The flow control filter must be combined with the continuous packing to provide maximum flow control. The applicant has successfully tested the technique in the laboratory and in the oilfield, and has achieved good results. A continuous packer (10) was added to the wellbore of the experimental setup shown in fig. 3, and the normal screen was replaced with a flow control filter (11), other experimental conditions were consistent with fig. 2. Similarly, when the water is produced in the 1-section high-permeability section and the oil is produced in the 9-section low-permeability section (4), the water content of the well shaft production fluid is reduced to 51%, and the water content is reduced by 45% through experiments. The reason for the reduced water production: the flow control filter corresponding to the stratum of the water outlet section controls the water yield, gives a great back pressure to the stratum of the water outlet section, and reduces the pressure drop in the stratum of the water outlet section, thereby reducing the water yield. The water is limited by the flow control filter in the radial direction, the water can also flow along the axial direction, and the flow control filter is externally provided with the packing body particles to limit the water to flow along the axial direction, so that the water is limited in the stratum in a large amount. Because the displacement of the oil pump is fixed, when the water is controlled, and the water yield is reduced, the pump displacement is insufficient, and the oil outlet layer is required to be increased to meet the requirement of the pump displacement, so that the oil yield can be correspondingly increased while the oil well is dewatering, and the corresponding water content can be greatly reduced.
The technology of combining a continuous packer and a flow control filter is successfully tested in the field of a horizontal well of an oil field in Xinjiang for the first time by the applicant at the end of 2015. The well is an old horizontal well of a bottom water sandstone reservoir, the water content rises faster after production, and the water content reaches 95% by 2015. Two chemical water shutoff operations are performed in the process, but the dewatering and oil increasing effects are poor, and the effective period is short. The continuous packer is used for controlling water by combining a flow control filter in 11 months 2015, the water content of an oil well is reduced to 75% after construction, the oil yield is increased by more than 5 times, the dewatering and oil increasing effect is very stable, and the water content is always kept at 75% by the end of 9 months 2016.
The above experiments and field application effects show that: the water control technology of combining the flow control filter and the continuous packing body can really achieve the purpose of dewatering of the oil-gas well.
5. Problems with water control techniques in which continuous packers are combined with flow control filters
Although the continuous packer and flow control filter technology achieves certain dewatering and oil increasing effects in laboratories and oilfield sites. For example, when 10% of stratum in a laboratory produces water, the technology can reduce the water content of the produced liquid of an oil and gas well to 51%, and the effect of dewatering and increasing oil is achieved, but more than half of produced liquid still contains water, so that the water yield is further reduced, and the oil increasing amount is further required to be increased. While applicant continues to increase the water production interval in the laboratory, as shown in fig. 4, a high permeability water production interval (12) was added, simulating 20% formation water production in the wellbore, other conditions being consistent with fig. 3, using continuous packer and flow control filter combined techniques in the wellbore, and the water content measured in the laboratory was 73%. The precipitation effect is reduced to a certain extent, but a large amount of water is produced. When the water producing section is continuously increased, as shown in fig. 5, a section of high-permeability water producing section (13) is added, and the high-permeability water producing section is increased to three sections, namely, 30% of stratum water production of a shaft is simulated, other conditions are kept consistent with those of fig. 4, the water content can only be controlled to be about 90% by the combined technology of the continuous packer and the flow control filter, and the effect of controlling water is not obvious. The water content of the oil and gas well can be reduced to 75% after the continuous packer and the flow control filter are used in the field of the Xinjiang oil field, and the water content of the oil and gas well is reduced to 75% after the continuous packer and the flow control filter are used in the field of the Xinjiang oil field.
The design principle of the nozzle type flow control filter is that: at the same differential pressure, the flow rate of oil and water through the flow control filter is allowed to be substantially the same. Because the water flow rate corresponding to the stratum with unit length in the high water-containing well is generally very large, the water yield is greatly limited and can be reduced to 1/40 of that of the original water. Has little influence on the flow of oil, thereby reducing the water content of the oil and gas well. The same characteristics of the flow rate of the discharged oil and the flow rate of the discharged water also cause great problems: because the oil yield of the oil and gas well is ensured, certain economic benefits are maintained, the flow required to pass through the filter in the design process cannot be too low, and the corresponding water yield cannot be very small, so that the water control effect of the technology is limited. The technology also plays a certain role in controlling water, but cannot further reduce water and increase oil.
This limitation of flow control filters presents several problems for the technique of combining a continuous packing with a flow control filter:
1, the water content in the produced liquid of the oil and gas well is still higher, so that the treatment cost of the oil field water is high.
2, if the water production can be further reduced, the oil production can be further increased.
In some production wells that run through multiple reservoirs, the water production of the well is still higher if one or more of the layers are drained.
In order to further reduce the water yield of an oil-gas well and improve the recovery ratio of an oil field, the technology of combining a continuous packer body with a flow control filter plays a larger role in dewatering and increasing oil, and a flow control filter with stronger flow control capability than the prior art is required to be used. By improving the flow control device in the flow control filter, the water is further limited without affecting the oil, and the precipitation and oil increasing capacity of the water-cooling and oil-cooling device is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical defects, the invention provides an oil-gas well completion system capable of improving the dewatering and oil increasing capacity, which comprises the following components: the device is characterized in that the flow control device is a device which can be identified by using the sensitivity characteristic of water different from oil or gas and can automatically and selectively increase the flow resistance of water or close a flow passage of water, and the device is a water-sensitive selective flow control valve.
The implementation modes of the water-sensitive selective flow control valve mainly comprise the following steps:
the first is a viscosity sensitive mechanical flow passage flow reducing valve, as shown in fig. 6, which essentially comprises a primary fluid passage (14), a secondary outlet (16) and a flow restrictor (15). Wherein the flow restrictor may be a nipple or other device in the art. The flow restrictor (15) primarily functions to allow the passage of relatively low viscosity fluids (water or gas) and to prevent the passage of fluids when the viscosity of the fluid is high (oil). The movement of the restrictor in the reciprocating member is primarily dependent on the viscosity of the fluid. When the viscosity of the fluid is low, the restrictor provides little resistance to the passage of the fluid. At this point, less viscous water or gas enters the vortex assembly (17) primarily through the restrictor and primary flow passage (14). Due to the presence of the directional elements (19), such as blades or grooves, etc., the flow into the vortex assembly will spiral or spin, creating a faster flow rate and path (indicated by the dashed arrows) through which the fluid enters the vortex assembly outlet (18), i.e., the time or flow of water or gas into the substrate tube is delayed. When a change in fluid viscosity occurs, such as oil ingress, a greater fluid pressure may be created due to the restriction of the restrictor to the oil. At this point, the higher viscosity oil flows out of the reciprocating member along the secondary outlet (16) and into the vortex assembly (17). Fluid passing through the secondary outlet (16) will flow radially into the vortex assembly outlet (18) along the opposite flow path (solid arrows). Small amounts of oil entering the vortex assembly (17) along the main flow passage (14) through the flow restrictor will not cause significant centrifugal or helical flow in the chamber.
The second type is a viscosity sensitive mechanical valve, as shown in fig. 7, the device mainly comprises a fluid inlet (20), a cavity (21), and the cavity (21) is mainly formed by a movable valve plate (24) and a movable supporting device (25) thereof. Outlet channels (23) are arranged at two ends of the cavity (21) and then are connected with the base pipe through outlets (22). The movement of the movable valve plate (24) is weakened by Bernoulli's principle, known in the art, that is, the pressure generated by the fluid having a fast flow rate. In formations, water or gas having a low viscosity at the same pressure differential typically flows faster than oil. When water or gas enters the device, the pressure generated on the upper surface of the floating valve plate is smaller than that on the lower surface, the floating valve body rises under the action of pressure difference and moves towards the inlet hole, the flow channel of the water or gas is reduced, and accordingly the amount of the water or gas flowing into the shaft is reduced. When oil flows through the device, the floating valve plate descends, increasing the flow path and increasing the amount of oil entering the base pipe. The device may also be referred to as a flow-passage-regulated viscosity-sensitive mechanical valve.
Another design of a viscosity sensitive mechanical valve is a flow channel closable type, which uses the difference of pressure drop variation of fluids with different viscosities (mainly oil and water differences) after passing through seepage fluid, and generates pressure difference to control the opening and closing of the valve. The device can avoid fluids (such as water) below the design viscosity from entering the base pipe. Fluid F enters from the reservoir through the inlet under pressure p1 as shown in fig. 8, the pressure becomes p2, where p1≡p2. Most of the fluid F2 leaves the vessel through the outlet (28) into the base pipe. A small amount of fluid F1 passes through the seepage fluid (porous channel) (26) into the container (31) and then flows into the base pipe through the nozzle (27). The pressure becomes p 3% after the fluid enters the container (31). The pressure is determined mainly by the back pressure generated after the oil passes through the nozzle (27). For example, p1 is 1Mpa, fluid F is oil, and the flow rate of the oil is low, so that the back pressure generated by the nozzle (27) is relatively small, i.e. p3 is small, for example, only 0.2Mpa, due to the low flow rate of the oil and the small flow rate of the permeate fluid. But p3 acts over the whole housing (30), while p1 acts only on the permeate, wherein the permeate area is only 1/3 of the whole housing. The force of p1 on the permeate fluid is greater than the force of p3 on the housing, eventually compressing the spring, expanding the amount of fluid F2 through the outlet (28), thereby increasing oil production. When fluid F is water, assuming that p1 is still 1MPa, the back pressure generated by the nozzle will increase due to the increase in the flow rate of water through the permeate, i.e. p3 will increase, e.g. to 0.4MPa, the force of p1 on the permeate (26) is less than the force of p3 on the housing (30), and p3 will push the housing (30) upwards, thus blocking the water inlet, allowing only a very small fraction (about 3%) to enter the base pipe through the nozzle (27).
And thirdly, an electric oil-water identification selective switch valve. As shown in fig. 9, the main device includes an electric valve (32) equipped with an actuator, a signal processor (33) and an electronic sensor (34) for power from a battery mounted on the flow device or from electric power supplied from a connected cable, the electronic sensor being capable of recognizing whether the fluid passing through is water or oil by utilizing the physical and chemical sensitivity characteristic differences of oil-water including density differences, conductivity differences, viscosity differences, etc. When the electronic sensor senses that water passes through, the electronic sensor sends a closing signal to the signal processor, and the signal processor automatically closes the valve or keeps the valve in an automatic closing state through an actuating mechanism of the electric valve after receiving the signal; when the electronic sensor senses that oil passes, the electronic sensor can send an opening signal to the signal processor, and the signal processor can automatically open the valve or keep the valve in an open state through an actuating mechanism of the electric valve after receiving the signal. The ground cable connection provides power that is complex to operate, especially at a high cost. If the storage battery is used for supplying power, the flow control device is limited by the electric quantity of the battery, the electric quantity of the battery is exhausted after the flow control device is used for two years, and the flow control device is invalid, so that the flow control device is possibly in an on state and possibly in an off state, and the on-off state can not be automatically changed according to the property of the incoming liquid, so that the damage to the production of an oil-gas well is great; because of the presence of packer particles in the wellbore space, if the string is pulled out directly, a force exceeding hundred tons may be required, and the field cannot be realized, the flow control device cannot be taken out to replace the battery, and therefore, the use of the flow control device is hindered. Repeated researches in laboratories of the applicant find that the continuous packer can realize flowback, firstly, a lower pipe column is in butt joint with a top packer, lifting or rotating is adopted to unseal the packer, then flowback fluid is filled in a shaft, and particles of the packer are returned to the ground through circulation, so that flowback is realized. When the electric quantity of the power supply battery in the electronic driving intelligent flow control sieve tube is exhausted, the continuous sealing and isolating body can be discharged back, the sieve tube is pulled out, the battery is replaced, the sieve tube is put into the well again, the continuous sealing and isolating body is refilled, and the sectional flow control is continuously realized.
The three water-sensitive selective flow control valves are designed according to different oil and water sensitivity characteristics. In particular, the first two water-sensitive selective flow control valves are characterized by viscosity difference, and by utilizing the characteristic that the viscosity of oil is generally higher than that of water, the device for selectively increasing the water flow resistance or closing the water flow passage after water is identified. However, for gas wells producing natural gas, the viscosity of the water may be greater than that of the gas, and the flow control valve may allow water to pass through to block the natural gas from entering the wellbore, reducing the efficiency of the production of the natural gas. In order to solve the problem of natural gas, an electronic sensor of an electric oil-water identification selective switching valve can be improved so as to be capable of identifying whether a passing fluid is water or gas by utilizing the physical and chemical sensitivity characteristic differences of gas and water, wherein the physical and chemical characteristic differences of gas and water comprise density differences, conductivity differences and viscosity differences. When the electronic sensor senses that water passes through, the electronic sensor sends a closing signal to the signal receiver, and the signal receiver automatically closes the valve or keeps the valve in an automatic closing state through an actuating mechanism of the electric valve after receiving the signal; when the electronic sensor senses that the gas passes through, the electronic sensor can send an opening signal to the signal receiver, and the signal receiver can automatically open the valve or keep the valve in an opening state through an actuating mechanism of the electric valve after receiving the signal. Such devices are known as electrically actuated gas-water identification selective switching valves.
The four water-sensitive selective flow control valves are combined with the continuous packing body, so that the dewatering and oil increasing effects can be further improved, and the main reasons are as follows: in theory, when the oil-gas well production section passes through the oil-water layer with equal proportional length, namely the length of the oil production section is the same as that of the water production section, and the oil-water viscosity difference is 100:1, the water content of the oil-gas well can reach 99%. The water content of the oil and gas well can be controlled to 80% by combining a conventional flow control filter with a continuous packer body sectional flow control technology, the ideal water content requirement is still not met, and if the length of a water layer is longer than that of an oil layer, the amplitude of the reduction of the water content of produced liquid can be correspondingly reduced, even only to 90%, and the dewatering effect is limited.
However, a flow control filter provided with a water-sensitive selective flow control valve is used in combination with a packing, and a flow passage-regulated viscosity-sensitive mechanical valve is taken as an example. At the same pressure differential, the flow rate of water through the flow control valve is only 20% of the oil, and the flow rate of water entering the well bore is further reduced. Also taking the same oil-water section as an example, the water content of an oil-gas well can be controlled below 45% by the combined technology of the flow control filter and the packing body of the water-sensitive selective flow control valve, and the water content of the oil-gas well production fluid is reduced by 35% compared with that of the oil-gas well production fluid by using the conventional flow control filter and continuous packing body technology. Because the displacement of the oil pump is basically fixed, when the water yield is reduced, the pump displacement is insufficient, and the oil yield is increased to meet the requirement of the pump displacement, which is also the reason that the oil yield can be correspondingly increased after the technology is used for dewatering.
If a flow control capability is further improved, a flow passage-closable type viscosity-sensitive mechanical valve can be used, which can selectively close the passage of water according to the viscosity difference of oil-water, allowing only a very small amount of water to pass through. The water content of the produced fluid of the oil and gas well can be reduced to 5% by combining the flow control filter with the continuous packer technology, and is reduced by 75% compared with the water content of the produced fluid of the oil and gas well by combining the conventional flow control filter with the continuous packer sectional flow control technology.
The effect may be limited to crude oils with a viscosity that is less different than the water phase when used, as compared to mechanical valves with a viscosity sensitive type. The electric oil-water identification selective switch valve can more accurately distinguish oil water and water, and automatically close the water flow channel. The technology of combining the electric oil-water identification selective switch valve control flow filter with the continuous packer can minimize the water content of the produced liquid of the oil-gas well to below 2%, and the water content of the produced liquid of the oil-gas well is reduced by 78 percent compared with the water content of the produced liquid of the oil-gas well by using the conventional flow control filter and continuous packer technology.
In order to further improve the dewatering effect of an oil-gas well, the invention provides an oil-gas well completion system capable of improving the dewatering and oil increasing capacity, which comprises the following components: the well-completed well (including open hole well), the flow control filter of the well-down well, the top hanging packer, all annular spaces between the well wall of the well-completed well and the flow control filter of the well-down well are filled with continuous packing bodies.
The well-completed well bores described in the present invention include open hole well bores, cased hole well bores, screen well bores, and perforated pipe well bores. All of the annulus between the wall of the completed wellbore and the run-in flow control filter may have one or two annuli or blow-by grooves in different completion formats. An annulus exists between the wall of the open hole completion wellbore and the flow control filter; an annulus exists between the wall of the casing perforation well completion shaft and the flow control filter which is arranged in the well, and a channeling groove exists when the casing is not filled with well cementation cement outside the casing; two annular spaces exist between the well wall of the screen pipe well completion well bore and the flow control filter which is put into, namely, an annular space between the screen pipe and the well wall and an annular space between the flow control filter and the screen pipe; two annuluses exist between the well wall of the perforated pipe completion well and the flow control filter which has been lowered, namely the annulus between the perforated pipe and the well wall and the annulus between the flow control filter and the perforated pipe.
The flow control device disclosed by the invention is a device which can be identified by using the sensitivity characteristics of water different from oil or gas and can automatically and selectively increase the flow resistance of water or close a flow passage of water, and is called as a water-sensitive type selective flow control valve, and comprises a viscosity-sensitive mechanical flow passage flow reduction valve, a viscosity-sensitive type mechanical valve (flow passage adjusting type and closable type), an electric oil-water identification selective switching valve and an electric gas-water identification selective switching valve.
After packing particles, a filter sleeve on the flow control filter can prevent the particles from entering. Most of the packing packer particles are filled with circulating packing fluid, which enters the flow control filter from the annulus outside the screen and then returns to the surface through the connection string. If the flow resistance of the flow control filter to the water is too great or completely blocked, the filling process cannot be completed. After the continuous packer technology uses the flow control filter provided with the water-sensitive selective flow control valve, the water-sensitive selective flow control valve can automatically improve the water circulation resistance and even directly close the water circulation channel after meeting water, so that the packer filling cannot directly use water or aqueous solution as the carrier liquid of the packer particles. To solve this problem, the present invention proposes two packing methods, first, using oil or guanidine gum and polymer solution with a certain viscosity instead of the packing particle carrier liquid; secondly, a group of overcurrent devices used for the packing body filling process are simultaneously connected in parallel to the flow control filter, the device is kept in an open state when the packing body is filled, and the device can be closed after the packing body is filled, and mainly comprises two solutions: a sliding sleeve is installed on a flow control filter in parallel, the sliding sleeve is set to be in an open state before entering a well, and after the packing body is filled, all the sliding sleeves are closed by using a sliding sleeve opening and closing tool. The other solution is that a rubber rod which is expanded when meeting oil is arranged in a flow passage and is arranged in parallel on a flow control filter, an annular space is kept between the rubber rod and the flow passage, the flow area of the annular space can be designed according to the required filling flow, after the packing body is filled, oil is circulated in a shaft, so that the rubber rod which is expanded when meeting oil is fully expanded, and the original flow passage is closed after the rubber rod is expanded.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a laboratory apparatus for simulating water production in a horizontal well.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an experimental setup for 10% formation water production in a horizontal well simulating a conventional screen well completion in the laboratory.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an experimental apparatus in the laboratory simulating 10% formation water production and water control effects for a horizontal well completed by a continuous packer in combination with a flow control filter.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an experimental apparatus in the laboratory simulating 20% formation water production and water control effects for a horizontal well completed by a continuous packer in combination with a flow control filter.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an experimental apparatus in the laboratory simulating 30% formation water production and water control effects for a horizontal well completed by a continuous packer in combination with a flow control filter.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for a viscosity sensitive mechanical flow passage flow reducing valve.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for a flow channel regulated viscosity sensitive mechanical valve.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for a flow-path closed viscosity-sensitive mechanical valve.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for electrically operated oil-water identification selective switching valve.
FIG. 10 is a schematic of a completion system incorporating a flow control filter with a viscosity sensitive mechanical flow path flow reducing valve in combination with a continuous packer for use in an open hole well.
FIG. 11 is a schematic of a flow control filter with a flow-closed viscosity-sensitive mechanical valve installed in conjunction with a continuous packer for use in a cased hole well.
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a completion system incorporating a flow control filter with an electrically powered oil-water identification selection switch valve in combination with a continuous packer in a screen well.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The invention provides an oil-gas well completion system capable of improving water-reducing and oil-increasing capacity, which is shown in fig. 10 when implemented in an open hole well and comprises: 8-1/2' open hole wall (36), flow control filter (37) lowered, top hanging packer (38), annular space between wall and flow control filter lowered is filled with continuous packing (39). The flow control filter comprises a filtering sleeve with a filtering function and capable of preventing sand, a flow guide layer is arranged between the filtering sleeve and a base pipe, the flow guide layer is communicated with a flow control device, the base pipe is provided with holes communicated with the flow control device, other parts are blind pipes, the flow control device is a viscosity sensitive mechanical flow passage flow reducing valve, and a sliding sleeve nipple (40) for filling is connected to the flow control filter in parallel. During filling construction, a 5-1/2 'flow control filter (37) is firstly put into an 8-1/2' open hole shaft (36), when the flow control filter is put into a preset position, a top packer (38) is set, then a continuous packer body (39) is filled into an annulus between the well wall and the put-in flow control filter by using a filling tool, and after filling is finished, the flow control filter is closed by using a sliding sleeve switching tool.
Example 2
The present invention provides an oil and gas well completion system for enhancing dewatering and oil increasing capacity, the completion system being shown in fig. 11 when implemented in a cased hole, comprising: the perforated casing well wall (41), the outside of the casing is provided with channeling grooves (42) due to poor quality of horizontal section well cementation, a top hanging packer (43) is arranged in the casing, a flow control filter (44) is arranged in the casing, and the annular space between the casing and the flow control filter and the outside of the casing, including the channeling grooves, are filled with continuous packing bodies (45). The flow control filter comprises a filtering sleeve with a filtering function and capable of preventing sand, a flow guide layer is arranged between the filtering sleeve and a base pipe, the flow guide layer is communicated with a flow control device, holes communicated with the flow control device are formed in the base pipe, and other parts are blind pipes, wherein the flow control device is a flow passage closed type viscosity sensitive mechanical valve. The flow control filter is connected with a self-expansion rubber filling flow-through device (46) for filling in parallel, a 2-7/8 'flow control filter (44) is firstly put into a 5-1/2' perforation sleeve (41), when the flow control filter is put down to a preset position, a top packer (43) is set, then a filling tool is used for filling the continuous packer body into an annulus between the sleeve and the flow control filter and the outside of the sleeve, including channeling grooves, the annulus is filled with oil-immersed rubber after filling, and the flow-through device for the packing body filling process is closed after the rubber is expanded.
Example 3
The present invention provides an oil and gas well completion system for enhancing dewatering and oil increasing capacity, which is implemented in a well with a screen, as shown in fig. 12, and comprises: 8-1/2 'open hole well wall (47), well is put into 5-1/2' sand screen well completion (48), packer (49) is hung at the top, flow control filter (50) is put into well, then packing body (51) is filled, and annulus between well wall and sand screen and annulus between sand screen and water-sensitive flow control screen are filled with continuous packing body. The flow control device of the flow control filter is an electric oil-water identification selection switch valve, and the power supply is a battery. The electric oil-water identification selection switch valve is set to be opened to meet the filling requirement during filling, and a period of time, such as 3 days, is adjusted to a production state capable of identifying oil water and being closed after filling is completed. A screen pipe (48) of 5-1/2 'is perforated (52), a flow control filter (50) of 2-7/8' is placed in a shaft, a packer at the top is set (49) when the flow control filter is placed at a preset position, a continuous packer body (51) is filled into an annulus between a casing and the flow control filter and an annulus outside the casing including channeling, and an electric oil-water identification selection switch valve is adjusted to a production state after filling is completed.
After a period of use, the current control device cannot work normally because the battery in the electric oil-water identification selection switch valve has a valid period. And (3) deblocking the packer, namely, forward circulating flowback fluid from the shaft, returning the packer particles out of the wellhead, pulling out the flow control filter pipe column, and replacing a battery in the flow control device on the ground.
Claims (11)
1. An oil and gas well completion system capable of improving precipitation and oil increasing capacity, comprising: a completed well bore, a flow control filter lowered into the well bore, a suspended packer at the top, wherein all the annular space between the wall of the completed well bore and the lowered flow control filter is filled with a continuous packer, the flow control filter comprises a filter sleeve which has a filtering function and can prevent sand and packer particles, a diversion layer is arranged between the filter sleeve and a base pipe, the diversion layer is communicated with a flow control device, the base pipe is provided with holes communicated with the flow control device, and other parts are blind pipes, and the flow control device is a device which can be identified by using the sensitivity characteristics of water different from oil or gas and can automatically and selectively increase the flow resistance of water or close a flow passage of water, and the device is a water-sensitive selective flow control valve;
wherein the water-sensitive selective flow control valve is a viscosity-sensitive mechanical valve;
the viscosity sensitive mechanical flow passage flow reducing valve is specifically one of a first viscosity sensitive mechanical flow passage flow reducing valve, a second viscosity sensitive mechanical flow passage flow reducing valve, a third viscosity sensitive mechanical flow passage flow reducing valve and a fourth viscosity sensitive mechanical flow passage flow reducing valve;
the first viscosity sensitive mechanical flow passage flow reducing valve comprises a body, wherein a fluid main channel, a flow restrictor, a vortex assembly and a directional element are arranged in the body, the flow restrictor is arranged at one end of the fluid main channel, and a secondary outlet is arranged below one end of the fluid main channel;
wherein the flow restrictor is used for allowing the fluid with lower viscosity to pass through, and preventing the fluid from passing through when the fluid has higher viscosity;
wherein when the viscosity of the fluid is low, the flow restrictor provides little resistance to the passage of the fluid, and when the low viscosity fluid passes through the flow restrictor and the main fluid passage into the vortex assembly;
the directional element is a blade or a groove, and is used for enabling the fluid to flow in a spiral or centrifugal way after entering the vortex assembly, so that a faster flowing speed and a faster flowing path are generated, the time for the fluid to enter the outlet of the vortex assembly is delayed, and the time or the flow rate for the fluid to enter the base pipe is delayed;
wherein when the viscosity of the fluid changes, a greater fluid pressure is generated due to the restriction of the flow restrictor to the fluid having the higher viscosity, and the fluid having the higher viscosity flows out along the secondary outlet and into the vortex assembly, and the fluid passing through the secondary outlet flows radially into the vortex assembly outlet along the opposite flow path, and a small amount of the fluid passing through the flow restrictor into the vortex assembly along the main fluid passage does not cause centrifugal or spiral flow;
the second viscosity sensitive mechanical flow passage flow reducing valve comprises a fluid inlet and a cavity, wherein the cavity is formed by a movable valve plate and a movable supporting device thereof, two ends of the cavity are provided with outlet channels, and then the outlet channels are connected with the base pipe through outlets;
when water or gas enters the second viscosity sensitive mechanical flow passage flow reducing valve, the pressure generated on the upper surface of the floating valve plate is smaller than that on the lower surface, the floating valve body ascends under the action of pressure difference and moves towards the inlet hole, so that the flow passage of the water or gas is reduced, and the amount of the water or gas flowing into a shaft is reduced;
when the oil flows through the second viscosity sensitive mechanical flow passage flow reducing valve, the floating valve plate descends to increase the flow passage, so that the amount of the oil entering the base pipe is increased;
wherein the third viscosity sensitive mechanical flow passage flow reducing valve comprises an inlet and a cavity, and fluid (F) enters the cavity from a reservoir through the inlet under the action of pressure p1, and the pressure becomes p2, wherein p1 is approximately equal to p2;
wherein a major part of the fluid (F2) leaves the container through the outlet into the base pipe, and a minor part of the fluid (F1) enters the container through the permeate fluid and then flows into the base pipe through the nozzle, the pressure becomes p3 after the fluid enters the container;
when the fluid (F) is water, the back pressure generated by the nozzle is increased due to the increase of the flow rate of the water passing through the seepage fluid, p3 is increased, the force of p1 acting on the seepage fluid is smaller than the force of p3 acting on the shell, and p3 pushes the shell to move upwards, so that the water inlet is blocked, and a very small part of water can enter the base pipe through the nozzle;
the fourth viscosity sensitive mechanical flow passage flow reducing valve is provided with an electric valve with an actuating mechanism, a signal processor and an electronic sensor, wherein the electronic sensor can identify whether the fluid passing through is water or oil by utilizing physical and chemical sensitivity characteristic differences of oil-water, and the physical and chemical characteristic differences of the oil-water comprise density differences, electric conductivity differences and viscosity differences;
when the electronic sensor senses that water passes through, the electronic sensor sends a closing signal to the signal processor, and the signal processor automatically closes the valve or keeps the valve in an automatic closing state through an executing mechanism of the electric valve after receiving the signal;
when the electronic sensor senses that oil passes through, the electronic sensor sends an opening signal to the signal processor, and the signal processor automatically opens the valve or keeps the valve in an opening state through an actuating mechanism of the electric valve after receiving the signal;
the flow control device for the packing body filling process is a flow control device in which an oil-swelling rubber rod is arranged in a flow passage, and the rubber rod swells to seal the flow passage after being soaked by oil;
the continuous packer is filled in all annular spaces between the well wall of the well-completed well bore and the flow control filter which is put down, and the continuous packer is filled by high-viscosity carrier liquid;
wherein the high viscosity carrier fluid is an oil or a solution composed of guanidine gum and a polymer solution.
2. The oil and gas well completion system capable of improving precipitation and oil increasing capacity according to claim 1, wherein the water-sensitive selective flow control valve is a viscosity-sensitive mechanical flow passage flow reduction valve.
3. An oil and gas well completion system for enhancing dewatering and increasing oil capacity as recited in claim 2, wherein said viscosity sensitive mechanical valve comprises a flow passage regulating type and a flow passage closing type.
4. The oil and gas well completion system capable of improving precipitation and oil increasing capacity as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water-sensitive selective flow control valve is an electric oil-water identification selective switching valve.
5. The oil and gas well completion system capable of improving dewatering and increasing oil capacity as recited in claim 1, wherein said water sensitive selective flow control valve is an electric gas-water identification selective switching valve.
6. An oil and gas well completion system for increasing oil and water capacity as set forth in claim 4 or 5 wherein said on-off valve is electrically connected by a cable from the surface to the ground.
7. An oil and gas well completion system for enhancing dewatering and increasing oil capacity as claimed in claim 4 or 5, wherein said on-off valve is powered by electric power supplied to a battery carried downhole.
8. The oil-gas well completion system capable of improving water-reducing and oil-increasing capacity according to claim 7, wherein the underground storage battery is replaced by injecting liquid into the flow control filter pipe column to flow the packer particles outside the flow control filter to the ground, lifting the flow control filter pipe column from the ground from the underground, replacing the battery, and then sending the battery into the underground again to fill the packer particles.
9. The oil and gas well completion system capable of improving dewatering and increasing oil capacity as recited in claim 1, wherein said flow control filter is provided with a flow control device for use in a packing process.
10. The oil and gas well completion system capable of improving dewatering and increasing oil capacity as recited in claim 9, wherein said flow control device is a flow control device capable of being closed after packing.
11. The oil and gas well completion system capable of increasing water and oil contents according to claim 10, wherein said flow control device for said packing process is a sliding sleeve which can be closed by a switching tool.
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| CN108756831A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-11-06 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | A kind of horizontal well control water completion structure of self-adaptation type |
| CN108825183A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2018-11-16 | 成都北方石油勘探开发技术有限公司 | A kind of horizontal well automatic control water completion tubular column structure |
| CN110424912B (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2021-06-15 | 安东柏林石油科技（北京）有限公司 | Method for replacing filling layer without changing pipe column, flowback service device and well completion structure |
| CN111119787A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-05-08 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | Horizontal well stratum anti-channeling water control well completion structure |
| CN112483056B (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2022-03-18 | 西南石油大学 | Device and method for predicting construction effect of continuous packer particle water control and oil increase site |
| CN113756759B (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-04-22 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Test equipment and experimental system for sand prevention simulation of well completion engineering |
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