CN108060914B - Intelligent throttling system and method for gas well - Google Patents
Intelligent throttling system and method for gas well Download PDFInfo
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- CN108060914B CN108060914B CN201711462991.5A CN201711462991A CN108060914B CN 108060914 B CN108060914 B CN 108060914B CN 201711462991 A CN201711462991 A CN 201711462991A CN 108060914 B CN108060914 B CN 108060914B
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 224
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
- E21B34/02—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in well heads
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
- E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
- E21B34/066—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells electrically actuated
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
- E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
- E21B34/08—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells responsive to flow or pressure of the fluid obtained
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent throttling system and method for a gas well, and belongs to the field of gas well development and gas production. The system comprises: the system comprises a first pressure sensor, a controller, an adjusting device and a production valve positioned at the wellhead of a gas well. The first pressure sensor, the controller and the adjusting device are electrically connected in sequence and are arranged above an inner production layer of the gas well along with the production pipe column. The production valve is used for generating an air pressure signal with preset change amplitude at the wellhead of the gas well. The first pressure sensor is used for receiving the air pressure signal and transmitting the air pressure signal to the controller. The controller is used for receiving and processing the air pressure signal and obtaining a corresponding yield adjusting instruction. The adjusting device is used for adjusting the gas production of the gas well according to the production adjusting instruction. According to the invention, a specific air pressure signal is generated at the wellhead through the production valve, so that the gas well gas production rate can be controlled by the regulating device under the control of the controller, and intelligent throttling is realized. The method is simple in operation, convenient to lower in well and convenient to implement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of gas well development and gas production, in particular to an intelligent throttling system and method for a gas well.
Background
In the natural gas exploitation production process, the gas yield of the gas well needs to be controlled, so that the purpose of stable production is achieved. In throttle exploitation, a throttle with a throttle nozzle is installed in a gas well to control gas production. The diameter of the throttle mouth of the throttle cannot be adjusted in real time, the throttle mouths with different diameters are required to be replaced to realize the functions of throttling and adjusting the yield of different grades, and the labor intensity is high, so that the intelligent throttle system and the intelligent throttle method for the gas well, which can adjust the yield of the gas in real time, are necessary.
The prior art provides such a gas well intelligent throttling system and method: the system includes an uphole mechanism, a downhole mechanism extending above a production zone in a gas well, and a connection component. The connecting component connects the uphole mechanism and the downhole mechanism to realize communication between the uphole mechanism and the downhole mechanism; the on-well mechanism mainly comprises an industrial personal computer and a control software part on the industrial personal computer; the underground mechanism comprises an intelligent throttling device and a sensor capable of monitoring air pressure before and after throttling, and the intelligent throttling device comprises a motor, a transmission switching mechanism, a valve rod, a throttling valve seat and a valve core. According to the underground actual environment, an industrial personal computer on the ground sends out a control instruction, and the control instruction is sent to an intelligent throttling device through a connecting component to control the flow area between a throttling valve seat and a valve core, so that the purposes of throttling and reducing pressure are achieved.
The inventors found that the prior art has at least the following problems:
the uphole mechanism is communicated with the downhole mechanism through a connecting component, so that the equipment downhole difficulty is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides an intelligent throttling system and method for a gas well, which can solve the technical problems. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
in a first aspect, there is provided a gas well intelligent choke system, the system comprising: the system comprises a first pressure sensor, a controller, an adjusting device and a production valve positioned at the wellhead of a gas well;
the first pressure sensor, the controller and the adjusting device are electrically connected in sequence and are arranged above an inner production layer of the gas well along with a production pipe column;
the production valve is used for generating an air pressure signal with preset variation amplitude at the wellhead of the gas well;
the first pressure sensor is used for receiving the air pressure signal and transmitting the air pressure signal to the controller;
the controller is used for receiving and processing the air pressure signal to obtain a corresponding yield adjusting instruction;
the adjusting device is used for adjusting the gas production of the gas well according to the production adjusting instruction.
In one possible design, the adjusting device comprises: a motor and a throttle valve disposed within the production string;
the motor is electrically connected with the controller and is used for receiving the yield-adjusting instruction and adjusting the action state according to the yield-adjusting instruction;
the throttle valve is linked with the motor, and correspondingly adjusts the gas production of the gas well when the motor adjusts the action state.
In one possible design, the throttle valve comprises: a valve seat disposed in the production string, a valve spool axially movably disposed in the valve seat;
the valve core is connected with an output shaft of the motor so that the motor drives the valve core to axially move, and the gas flow area is changed.
In one possible design, the valve seat has a cylindrical cavity;
the valve core is arranged in a truncated cone shape, and the maximum outer diameter of the valve core is larger than the inner diameter of the valve seat, and the minimum outer diameter of the valve core is smaller than the inner diameter of the valve seat.
In one possible embodiment, the valve element is connected to the output shaft of the motor.
In one possible design, the system further comprises: a second pressure sensor electrically connected to the controller;
the second pressure sensor is arranged below the adjusting device and is used for monitoring the real-time production air pressure of the gas well and transmitting the real-time production air pressure signal to the controller;
and the controller receives and processes the real-time production air pressure signal, and sends a production adjustment instruction to the adjusting device according to a processing result until the real-time production air pressure of the gas well is the target production air pressure corresponding to the target gas production.
In a second aspect, there is provided a method of intelligent downhole throttling using the system of any of the above, the method comprising:
generating an air pressure signal with preset variation amplitude at the wellhead of the gas well by adjusting a production valve;
receiving the air pressure signal by using the first pressure sensor and transmitting the air pressure signal to the controller;
processing the air pressure signal by using the controller to obtain a corresponding yield adjusting instruction;
and the adjusting device adjusts the gas production of the gas well according to the production adjusting instruction.
In one possible design, the generating a gas pressure signal at the wellhead of the gas well having a preset amplitude of variation by adjusting a production valve includes:
adjusting the production valve, and adjusting the wellhead air pressure of the gas well to p 1 ；
After stabilizing for a preset time, adjusting the wellhead air pressure of the gas well to p sequentially through adjusting the production valve 2 、p 3 …p i Obtaining the air pressure signal with the preset variation amplitude;
and after the wellhead air pressure of the gas well is regulated each time, stabilizing the preset time, and then carrying out the next regulation.
In one possible design, the adjusting means adjusts the gas well gas production in accordance with the production adjustment instructions, comprising:
according to the yield adjusting instruction, the motor in the adjusting device adjusts the action state, and then adjusts a throttle valve linked with the motor;
and adjusting the gas yield of the gas well by using the throttle valve.
In one possible design, the method further comprises: monitoring the real-time production gas pressure of the gas well by using a second pressure sensor, and transmitting the real-time production gas pressure signal to the controller;
and the controller receives and processes the real-time production air pressure signal, and sends a production adjustment instruction to the adjusting device according to a processing result until the real-time production air pressure of the gas well is the target production air pressure corresponding to the target gas production.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the intelligent throttling system for the gas well, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the production valve at the wellhead of the gas well is regulated to generate the gas pressure signals with the preset variation amplitude at the wellhead of the gas well, and each group of gas pressure signals corresponds to one group of production regulating instructions. That is, the production control command is issued by controlling the production valve. Because of the fluidity of the gas, the first pressure sensor positioned at the lower part of the production string can sense the pressure change of the wellhead, receive the pressure signal and transmit the pressure signal to the controller for processing, and the controller processes the pressure signal from the first pressure sensor to obtain a processing result corresponding to the pressure signal with the preset change amplitude, and the processing result is the production regulating instruction which can be recognized by the regulating device. Because the adjusting device is arranged on the production pipe column, the gas well gas production amount can be adjusted according to the production adjusting instruction, and the purpose of intelligent gas well throttling can be achieved. Therefore, the intelligent throttling system for the gas well can control the gas production amount of the gas well by enabling the production valve to be matched with the first pressure sensor, the controller and the adjusting device, and intelligent throttling is achieved. The method is simple in operation, convenient to lower in well and convenient to implement.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a gas well intelligent throttling system provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an application state of an intelligent throttling system for a gas well according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the intelligent throttling system for the gas well provided by the embodiment of the invention when the gas yield is regulated.
In fig. 2, an upper dotted line box i indicates an intelligent gas well throttling system, and a lower dotted line box ii indicates a production zone in the gas well.
Reference numerals denote:
1-a first pressure sensor, which is arranged to sense,
a 2-controller for controlling the operation of the controller,
a 3-adjusting device for adjusting the position of the first component,
a 301-motor, a motor and a control unit,
302-a throttle valve,
3021-a valve seat for a valve,
3022-a valve core, which is provided with a valve opening,
4-the valve is produced by the production process,
a 5-a second pressure sensor, which is arranged on the first pressure sensor,
m-production string.
Detailed Description
Unless defined otherwise, all technical terms used in the embodiments of the present invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an intelligent gas well throttling system, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, including: a first pressure sensor 1, a controller 2, an adjusting device 3, and a production valve 4 located at the wellhead of the gas well.
The first pressure sensor 1, the controller 2 and the adjusting device 3 are electrically connected in sequence and are arranged above a production layer in the gas well along with the production pipe column M; the production valve 4 is used for generating an air pressure signal with preset variation amplitude at the wellhead of the gas well; the first pressure sensor 1 is used for receiving the air pressure signal and transmitting the air pressure signal to the controller 2; the controller 2 is used for receiving and processing the pressure signals and obtaining corresponding yield adjusting instructions; the adjusting device 3 is used for adjusting the gas production of the gas well according to the production adjusting instruction.
The working principle of the intelligent throttling system for the gas well provided by the embodiment of the invention is described as follows:
in application, the first pressure sensor 1, the controller 2 and the adjusting device 3 are electrically connected in sequence and are arranged in preset positions in the production string M, and the adjusting device 3 can be arranged at a proper position above a production layer in a gas well along with the production string M, for example, the adjusting device 3 can be arranged at a distance of 1-2M, such as 1M, 1.5M, 2M and the like from the production layer.
The production valve 4 at the wellhead of the gas well is regulated to generate gas pressure signals with preset variation amplitude at the wellhead of the gas well, and each group of gas pressure signals corresponds to a group of production regulating instructions. I.e. by adjusting the production valve 4. Because of the fluidity of the gas, the first pressure sensor 1 located at the lower part of the production string M can sense the pressure change at the wellhead, receive the pressure signal, and transmit to the controller 2 for processing, the controller 2 processes the pressure signal from the first pressure sensor 1 to obtain a processing result corresponding to the pressure signal with the preset change amplitude, and the processing result is the production adjustment instruction that can be identified by the adjusting device 3. Because the adjusting device 3 is arranged on the production pipe column M, the gas well gas production amount can be adjusted according to the production adjusting instruction, and the purpose of intelligent gas well throttling can be achieved. Therefore, in the intelligent throttling system for the gas well provided by the embodiment of the invention, the production valve 4 is matched with the first pressure sensor 1, the controller 2 and the adjusting device 3, a specific air pressure signal is generated at the wellhead through the production valve 4, and the gas well gas production rate can be controlled by the adjusting device 3 under the control of the controller 2, so that intelligent throttling is realized. The method is simple in operation, convenient to lower in well and convenient to implement.
The following respectively explains each part and the function of the intelligent throttling system of the gas well provided by the embodiment of the invention:
the embodiment of the invention utilizes the first pressure sensor 1 to receive the air pressure signal sent by the production valve 4, is arranged in the production pipe column M and is positioned above the controller 2 and the regulating device 3, so that the air pressure change of the wellhead of the gas well can be conveniently sensed, and the wellhead air pressure information can be received.
By way of example, the first pressure sensor 1 may be arranged to: when the wellhead air pressure changes, the first pressure sensor 1 can generate a changed current along with the air pressure change, and each group of air pressure signals with specific amplitude changes corresponds to a group of currents with specific waveforms. Based on this example, for example, a model NS-P22 pressure sensor manufactured and sold by Tianmu sensor corporation can be used as the first pressure sensor 1.
In the embodiment of the invention, the controller 2 is used for receiving and processing the air pressure signal sent by the first pressure sensor 1, sending a production regulating instruction to control the regulating device 3 to regulate the gas well gas production. It will be appreciated that the processing of the controller 2 may be understood as: the air pressure signal from the first pressure sensor 1 is resolved and converted into a signal which can be recognized by the regulating device 3, so that a connection is established between the regulating device 3 and the first pressure sensor 1.
For example, when the first pressure sensor 1 generates a varying current with a variation of air pressure, and each set of air pressure signals with a specific amplitude corresponds to a set of currents with a specific waveform, the controller 2 may process the current signals sent by the first sensor 1.
For multiple sets of air pressure signals with different variation amplitudes, each set of air pressure signals with specific variation amplitude corresponds to one set of yield adjusting instructions, and the controller 2 can obtain the yield adjusting instructions corresponding to the set of air pressure signals by processing the air pressure signals with specific variation amplitudes from the first sensor 1.
As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, for the correspondence between the air pressure signal and the yield-regulating instruction, a processing program may be formed in the controller 2 for the correspondence. Wherein the processing procedure in the controller 2 is to satisfy: when the air pressure signals with specific variation amplitude of each group are used as input values, the output values are specific production regulating instructions, and the production regulating instructions can regulate the gas well gas production to a certain target gas production.
When the processing program is written, a decoding table may be created according to the correspondence relation, and the processing program in the controller 2 may be written according to the decoding table. When the gas well gas production rate needs to be regulated, the gas pressure signal which is required to be sent out at the wellhead is determined according to the decoding code table, and then the gas well gas production rate is controlled by regulating the production valve 4.
When controlling gas well gas production, staff finds a corresponding coding sequence (namely, the variation amplitude of the gas pressure signal) in a coding decoding table according to the expected target gas production, then adjusts a wellhead production valve 4 to generate the gas pressure signal corresponding to the coding sequence, the first pressure sensor 1 receives the gas pressure signal of a specific coding sequence, the controller 2 decodes and verifies according to a processing program to obtain a current signal corresponding to the gas pressure signal, then uses the current signal information as an input value, calculates according to a preset program, outputs a gas production adjustment instruction, and controls an adjusting device 3 to adjust gas well gas production to realize intelligent throttling.
The adjusting device 3 is configured to receive an instruction for adjusting the production of the controller 2, adjust the gas production of the gas well, and for how the adjusting device 3 has the above functions, an example is given below:
as shown in fig. 1, the adjusting device 3 includes: a motor 301 and a throttle valve 302 disposed within the production string M. The motor 301 is electrically connected to the controller 2, and is configured to receive a yield adjustment command, and adjust an action state according to the yield adjustment command. The throttle valve 302 is linked with the motor 301, and correspondingly adjusts the gas production amount of the gas well when the motor 301 adjusts the action state.
The gas well gas production is controlled through the throttle valve 302 arranged in the production pipe column M, the throttle valve 302 is linked with the motor 301, the motor 301 changes the action state according to the production regulating instruction, so that the throttle valve 302 can change the state according to the production regulating instruction, and the gas well gas production is controlled by the production regulating instruction of the controller 2.
The motor 301 may be fixed in the production string M by a bracket, which may be connected to the inner wall of the production string M, so that the motor 301 may be fixed at a predetermined position without affecting the circulation of gas. The controller 2 may be fixed on the inner wall of the production string M, or may be fixed on the motor 301 or on the above-mentioned bracket, and only needs to be electrically connected to the first pressure sensor 2 and the motor 301.
For the structure of the throttle valve 302, an example explanation is given below:
as shown in fig. 1, the throttle valve 302 includes: a valve seat 3021 provided in the production string M, and a valve element 3022 axially movably provided in the valve seat 3021. The valve core 3022 is coupled to the output shaft of the motor 301, so that the motor 301 drives the valve core 3022 to move axially, and the gas flow area is changed. The valve core 3022 is connected with the output shaft of the motor 301, so that the valve core 3022 axially moves in the valve seat 3021 under the control of the motor 301, the flow area of gas is changed, and the gas well gas production is controlled.
As to how the flow area of the gas is changed when the valve element 3022 moves axially in the valve seat 3021, an example is given below:
as shown in fig. 1, the valve seat 3021 has a cylindrical cavity. The valve core 3022 is provided in a truncated cone shape, and the maximum outer diameter of the valve core 3022 is larger than the inner diameter of the valve seat 3021, and the minimum outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the valve seat 3021.
When the valve core 3022 moves axially along the valve seat 3021, the clearance area between the truncated cone-shaped valve core 3022 and the cylindrical cavity of the valve seat 3021 changes, so that the flow area of the gas is changed. The maximum outer diameter of the valve core 3022 is larger than the inner diameter of the valve seat 3021, and the minimum outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the valve seat 3021, so that the valve core 3022 is partially inserted into the valve seat 3021. The axial movement of the valve element 3022 changes the gap between the valve element 3022 and the valve seat 3021 to close the throttle valve 3 when the valve element moves to a predetermined position.
The valve core 3022 may be located below the valve seat 3021, and in this case, the valve core 3022 may have a truncated cone shape with an outer diameter gradually increasing from top to bottom. The valve core 3022 may be located above the valve seat 3021, and the valve core 3022 may have a truncated cone shape with an outer diameter gradually decreasing from top to bottom.
The valve element 3022 is coupled to the output shaft of the motor 301, and moves axially when the operation state of the motor 301 is changed, and an example of the coupling between the two is described below:
the valve core 3022 is connected to an output shaft screw of the motor 301.
When the output shaft of the motor 301 rotates, the valve core 3022 moves axially, the controller 2 sends out a yield adjusting instruction for controlling the rotation angle of the motor 301, so that the valve core 3022 moves axially to a preset position, the flow area of gas is changed, and the gas well gas yield reaches the target gas yield.
Specifically, the output shaft of the motor 301 is connected to a screw shaft via a coupling, and the valve core 3022 is connected to a nut on the screw shaft. When the screw rotates, the rotation of the nut thereon is limited, and the screw can only move along the axial direction of the screw. The rotation motion of the motor 301 is transmitted to the screw rod through the coupler, and the nut on the screw rod axially translates to drive the axial translation of the throttle valve core 3022, so that the axial movement of the rotation angle control valve core 3022 of the motor 301 is realized.
Based on the above, the gas well gas production is related to the flow area of the throttle valve 302, and the flow area of the throttle valve 302 is related to the rotation angle θ of the output shaft of the motor 301, so the gas well gas production can be controlled by issuing a command for controlling the rotation angle θ of the output shaft of the motor 301.
For example, the size of the flow area of the throttle valve 302 may be represented by an opening d, which physically means: the end of the valve seat 3021 is spaced from the valve body 3022.
(1) The gas well gas production is related to the opening d of the throttle valve 302 as:
wherein q represents gas well gas production in 10 units 4 m 3 /d；
d represents the opening of the flow area of the throttle valve 302 in mm;
p represents the pressure at the inlet of the throttle valve 302 in MPa.
r g Represents the relative density of natural gas;
T 1 representing the temperature at the inlet of the throttle valve 302, K;
Z 1 representing the natural gas compression factor at the inlet of throttle valve 302;
k represents the thermal insulation coefficient of natural gas.
(2) The relationship between the rotation angle θ of the output shaft of the motor 301 and the opening d of the flow area of the throttle valve 302 is;
Δθ＝K(d-d 0 ) Formula II
Where Δθ represents the angle at which the motor 301 rotates;
k is a transmission conversion proportionality coefficient;
d represents the opening of the throttle valve 302 after the motor 301 is operated;
d 0 indicating the opening of the throttle valve 302 at the beginning.
When the controller 2 is pre-programmed, a person skilled in the art can calculate the relation between the rotation angle of the output shaft of the motor 301 and the gas well gas production according to the first and second formulas, and correspond each rotation angle of the motor 301 to a group of gas pressure signals to form a decoding code table, so that the person can determine what kind of gas pressure signal with a variable amplitude is sent out by the wellhead according to the target gas production. For example, the decoding table may be as follows:
table 1 coding and decoding table corresponding to yield-regulating instruction
Table 1 shows that when i=4, the coding mode of the coding sequence can provide 256-level yield adjustment control, and the value of i can be any natural number, so that a person skilled in the art can select a proper value of i according to the field use requirement.
As shown in fig. 1, the intelligent throttling system for a gas well provided by the embodiment of the invention further includes: a second pressure sensor 5 electrically connected to the controller 2;
the second pressure sensor 5 is arranged below the adjusting device 3 and is used for monitoring the real-time production air pressure of the gas well and transmitting a real-time production air pressure signal to the controller 2;
the controller 2 receives and processes the real-time production air pressure signal, and sends a production adjustment instruction to the adjusting device 3 according to the processing result until the real-time production air pressure of the gas well is the target production air pressure corresponding to the target gas production.
By arranging the second pressure sensor 5, a closed-loop feedback channel is formed, so that the gas well gas yield after adjustment accords with expectations, and the throttling effect is improved.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the controller 2 is electrically connected to the first pressure sensor 1, the motor 301, and the second pressure sensor 5. It should be understood that the dashed lines in the figures represent only electrical connection relationships and are not limited to specific locations.
The second pressure sensor 5 may be a model NS-P22 pressure sensor manufactured and sold by Tianmu sensor corporation.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for intelligent gas well throttling using the system of any of the above, the method comprising:
generating an air pressure signal with preset variation amplitude at the wellhead of the gas well by adjusting the production valve 4;
receiving the air pressure signal by the sensor 1 and transmitting the air pressure signal to the controller 2;
processing the air pressure signal by using a controller 2 to obtain a corresponding yield adjusting instruction;
the adjusting device 3 adjusts the gas production of the gas well according to the production adjusting instruction.
The production valve 4 at the wellhead of the gas well is regulated to generate gas pressure signals with preset variation amplitude at the wellhead of the gas well, and each group of gas pressure signals corresponds to a group of production regulating instructions. I.e. by adjusting the production valve 4. Because of the fluidity of the gas, the first pressure sensor 1 located at the lower part of the production string M can sense the pressure change at the wellhead, receive the pressure signal, and transmit to the controller 2 for processing, the controller 2 processes the pressure signal from the first pressure sensor 1 to obtain a processing result corresponding to the pressure signal with the preset change amplitude, and the processing result is the production adjustment instruction that can be identified by the adjusting device 3. Because the adjusting device 3 is arranged on the production pipe column M, the gas well gas production amount can be adjusted according to the production adjusting instruction, and the purpose of intelligent gas well throttling can be achieved. Therefore, according to the intelligent throttling method for the gas well, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the production valve 4 is matched with the first pressure sensor 1, the controller 2 and the adjusting device 3, a specific air pressure signal is generated at the wellhead through the production valve 4, and the gas well gas production rate can be controlled by the adjusting device 3 under the control of the controller 2, so that intelligent throttling is realized. The operation is simple, and the well is convenient to descend.
For the above-described generation of a gas pressure signal with a preset amplitude of variation at the wellhead of a gas well by adjusting the production valve 4, the following is exemplified:
for example, to generate a coding sequence p 1 、p 2 、p 3 …p i The specific operation flow is as follows: quick adjustment wellhead production valve adjusts wellhead air pressure to p 1 After stabilizing for a preset time, sequentially adjusting the wellhead air pressure to p 2 、p 3 …p i After each adjustment, stabilizing the preset time for the next adjustment to generate a coding sequence p 1 、p 2 、p 3 …p i Is a pneumatic signal of the air pressure sensor. Fast means that the adjustment of the production valve 4 is completed within 30s, for example, 15s, 20s, 25s, etc. The stabilization preset time may be 3-6min, for example, 3min, 5min, 6 mm.
The specific operation of the adjusting device 3 for adjusting the gas production of the gas well according to the production adjusting instruction can be as follows:
the motor 301 in the adjusting device 3 adjusts the action state according to the production adjusting instruction, and then adjusts the throttle valve 302 linked with the motor 301;
the gas well gas production is regulated using a throttle valve 302.
The gas well gas production is controlled through the throttle valve 302 arranged in the production pipe column M, the throttle valve 302 is linked with the motor 301, the motor 301 changes the action state according to the production regulating instruction, so that the throttle valve 302 can change the state according to the production regulating instruction, and the gas well gas production is controlled by the production regulating instruction of the controller 2.
The underground intelligent throttling method provided by the embodiment of the invention further comprises the following steps: monitoring the real-time production gas pressure of the gas well by using a second pressure sensor 5, and transmitting a real-time production gas pressure signal to the controller 2;
the controller 2 receives and processes the real-time production air pressure signal, and sends a production adjustment instruction to the adjusting device 3 according to the processing result until the real-time production air pressure of the gas well is the target production air pressure corresponding to the target gas production.
Through the operation, closed-loop control is formed, so that the gas well gas production after adjustment accords with the expectations, and the throttling effect is improved.
In summary, when the intelligent throttling system provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for throttling the gas well gas production, the process shown in fig. 3 can be referred to as:
the wellhead production valve 4 is adjusted to produce a pneumatic signal with a preset amplitude of variation, which is transmitted downwards in the production string M and received by the first pressure sensor 1. The first pressure sensor 1 transmits the received air pressure signal to the controller 2. The controller 2 encodes, checks and decodes the air pressure signal according to a preset decoding code table, calculates the opening of the throttle valve 302 and the rotation angle of the motor 301 corresponding to the opening through an operation program, and sends out a yield adjusting instruction for controlling the rotation angle of the motor 301. The motor 301 rotates a certain angle according to the production adjustment command, so that the valve core 3022 moves axially a certain distance, the opening of the flow area of the throttle valve 302 reaches the preset opening, and the gas well gas production can theoretically reach the target gas production. In order to improve the adjusting effect, reduce the error, increase the closed loop feedback flow, set up the real-time production air pressure in the gas well after the second pressure sensor 5 monitoring aperture adjustment, and transmit the real-time production air pressure to the controller 2. The controller 2 receives and processes the real-time production air pressure, and continues to send out the production adjustment instruction to control the rotation of the motor 301 until the real-time production air pressure reaches the target production air pressure corresponding to the target gas production amount.
The invention will be further described by means of specific examples:
taking an example of an intelligent throttling process of a certain well, the gas pressure in the well is 2MPa when the well is produced, the highest gas pressure in the well is 14MPa when the throttle valve 302 is closed, and the gas pressure signal controls the underground throttling and production regulating process to be as follows:
designing a yield-regulating coding sequence table: since the production requirement at the initial stage of the gas well is 3.5 square/day and the opening of the throttle valve 302 corresponding to the gas production is calculated to be 4.0mm, the opening of the throttle valve 302 is 4.0mm as the initial opening before the throttle valve 302 enters the well, and four openings of 3.0mm, 5.0mm, 6.0mm and 7.0mm are used as opening targets of the throttle valve 302. Designing a coding and decoding table of the target gas production corresponding to the gas pressure signal according to the formula I and the formula II, as shown in the table 2:
table 2 coding and decoding table corresponding to certain well production-regulating instruction
(II) the initial opening degree of the throttle valve 302 was set to 4.0mm.
And thirdly, the first pressure sensor 1, the controller 2, the regulating device 3 and the second pressure sensor 5 enter the well along with the production pipe column M, and the entering depth is 1.5M away from the production layer according to the technical requirements of the related downhole throttling process in the embodiment.
(IV) after a period of gas well production, if the gas production is to be adjusted from 3.5 to 5.0 square per day, the opening of the throttle valve 302 is to be adjusted from 4.0 to 5.0mm.
And fifthly, according to the production-regulating coding and decoding sequence table, regulating the wellhead production valve 4 to generate an air pressure signal, wherein the coding sequence is 10 6 6 8, and the detailed wellhead production valve 4 comprises the following operation steps:
(1) the wellhead production valve 4 is quickly closed, the wellhead air pressure reaches 10+/-0.2 MPa, the wellhead air pressure is stabilized for 5 minutes,
(2) quickly opening and enlarging a wellhead production valve 4, stabilizing for 5 minutes after wellhead air pressure is reduced to 2.0+/-0.2 MPa,
(3) quickly closing the wellhead production valve 4, stabilizing for 5 minutes after the wellhead air pressure is increased to 6+/-0.2 MPa,
(4) quickly opening and enlarging a wellhead production valve 4, stabilizing for 5 minutes after wellhead air pressure is reduced to 2.0+/-0.2 MPa,
(5) quickly closing the wellhead production valve 4, stabilizing for 5 minutes after wellhead air pressure reaches 6+/-0.2 MPa,
(6) quickly opening and enlarging a wellhead production valve 4, stabilizing for 5 minutes after wellhead air pressure is reduced to 2.0+/-0.2 MPa,
(7) quickly closing the wellhead production valve 4, stabilizing for 5 minutes after wellhead air pressure reaches 8+/-0.2 MPa,
(8) and (3) rapidly opening and enlarging a wellhead production valve 4, and stabilizing for 5 minutes after the wellhead air pressure is reduced to 2.0+/-0.2 MPa.
The rapid adjustment of the production valve 4 is completed within 30 seconds, for example, 15 seconds, 20 seconds, 25 seconds, etc.
Monitoring the real-time production gas pressure of the gas well by using a second pressure sensor 5 after the normal production of the gas well, and transmitting a real-time production gas pressure signal to the controller 2; the controller 2 receives and processes the real-time production air pressure signal, and sends a production adjustment instruction to the adjusting device 3 according to the processing result until the real-time production air pressure of the gas well is the target production air pressure corresponding to the target production.
Seventhly, if the gas well is produced for a period of time under the condition of 5.0 square/day of gas production, and the gas well gas production is required to be changed again due to the requirements of production management, gas production adjustment and the like, the gas production adjustment can be performed according to the coding table shown in the table 2 by referring to the steps.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather to cover any modifications, equivalents, improvements or the like within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An intelligent gas well throttling system, the system comprising: a first pressure sensor (1), a controller (2), an adjusting device (3) and a production valve (4) positioned at the wellhead of the gas well;
the first pressure sensor (1), the controller (2) and the adjusting device (3) are electrically connected in sequence and are arranged above an inner production layer of the gas well along with a production pipe column (M);
the adjusting device (3) comprises a motor (301) and a throttle valve (302) which are arranged in the production string (M);
the throttle valve (302) comprises a valve seat (3021) arranged in the production pipe column (M), and a valve core (3022) axially movably arranged in the valve seat (3021), wherein the valve core (3022) is connected with an output shaft of the motor (301) so that the motor (301) drives the valve core (3022) to axially move through rotating the output shaft to change the gas flow area;
the production valve (4) is used for generating an air pressure signal with preset change amplitude at the wellhead of the gas well;
the air pressure signal with the preset variation amplitude is an air pressure signal indicated by a target coding sequence, the target coding sequence is obtained by a worker inquiring a decoding table based on target gas yield, the decoding table is a corresponding relation table of gas yield, the coding sequence and the rotation angle of the motor (301), and the corresponding relation of the gas yield and the rotation angle of the motor (301) accords with the relation represented by a formula I and a formula II;
equation one:
wherein q represents the gas yield of the gas well in 10 units 4 m 3 D, d represents the opening of the flow area of the throttle valve (302), in mm, P represents the pressure at the inlet of the throttle valve (302), in MPa, r g Represents the relative density of natural gas, T 1 Represents the temperature, K, Z at the inlet of the throttle valve (302) 1 Represents the natural gas compression coefficient at the inlet of the throttle valve (302), k represents the natural gas insulation coefficient;
formula II: Δθ=k (d-d 0 )，
Wherein Δθ represents the rotation angle of the motor (301), K represents a transmission conversion ratio coefficient, d represents the opening of the throttle valve (302) after the motor (301) is operated, and d 0 Represents the opening of the throttle valve (302) at the beginning;
the first pressure sensor (1) is used for receiving the air pressure signal and transmitting the air pressure signal to the controller (2);
the controller (2) is configured to:
receiving and processing the air pressure signal detected by the first pressure sensor (1) to obtain a corresponding yield adjusting instruction;
determining a target coding sequence corresponding to the air pressure signal;
determining a target rotation angle corresponding to the target coding sequence based on the target coding sequence and the decoding table;
-controlling the motor (301) to rotate the target rotation angle.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the valve seat (3021) has a cylindrical cavity;
the valve core (3022) is arranged in a truncated cone shape, the maximum outer diameter of the valve core (3022) is larger than the inner diameter of the valve seat (3021), and the minimum outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the valve seat (3021).
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the spool (3022) is coupled to an output shaft lead of the motor (301).
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises: a second pressure sensor (5) electrically connected with the controller (2);
the second pressure sensor (5) is arranged below the adjusting device (3) and is used for monitoring the real-time production air pressure of the gas well and transmitting the real-time production air pressure signal to the controller (2);
and the controller (2) receives and processes the real-time production air pressure signal, and sends a production regulating instruction to the regulating device (3) according to a processing result until the real-time production air pressure of the gas well is the target production air pressure corresponding to the target gas production.
5. A method of intelligent downhole throttling using the system of any of claims 1-4, the method comprising:
generating an air pressure signal with preset variation amplitude at the wellhead of the gas well by adjusting a production valve (4);
receiving the air pressure signal by using the first pressure sensor (1) and transmitting the air pressure signal to the controller (2);
processing the air pressure signal by using the controller (2) to obtain a corresponding yield adjusting instruction;
according to the yield adjusting instruction, the motor (301) in the adjusting device (3) adjusts an action state, and then adjusts a throttle valve (302) which is linked with the motor (301);
adjusting the gas well gas production using the throttle valve (302).
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein said generating a gas pressure signal with a preset amplitude of variation at the wellhead of the gas well by adjusting the production valve (4) comprises:
adjusting the production valve (4), and adjusting the wellhead pressure of the gas well to p 1 ；
After stabilizing for a preset time, adjusting the wellhead air pressure of the gas well to p sequentially through adjusting the production valve (4) 2 、p 3 …p i Obtaining the air pressure signal with the preset variation amplitude;
and after the wellhead air pressure of the gas well is regulated each time, stabilizing the preset time, and then carrying out the next regulation.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the method further comprises: monitoring the real-time production gas pressure of the gas well by a second pressure sensor (5) and transmitting the real-time production gas pressure signal to the controller (2);
and the controller (2) receives and processes the real-time production air pressure signal, and sends a production regulating instruction to the regulating device (3) according to a processing result until the real-time production air pressure of the gas well is the target production air pressure corresponding to the target gas production.
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| CN108825167A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-11-16 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of automatic adjustment can throttling set and method under sand proof well |
| CN113417612A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-09-21 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Underground throttling construction operation method and underground throttling device |
| CN113790038A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2021-12-14 | 四川圣诺油气工程技术服务有限公司 | Self-driven induction type oil pipe inner blanking plug |
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