CN108055663B - Lightweight low-orbit constellation networking authentication and group key negotiation method - Google Patents
Lightweight low-orbit constellation networking authentication and group key negotiation method Download PDFInfo
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/04—Key management, e.g. using generic bootstrapping architecture [GBA]
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- H04B7/18578—Satellite systems for providing broadband data service to individual earth stations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/06—Authentication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
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- H04W12/10—Integrity
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- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
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- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
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Abstract
The invention relates to a lightweight low-orbit constellation networking authentication and group key agreement protocol, belonging to the technical field of satellite communication and networking authentication. Aiming at the characteristics of high topology dynamic change and quick link switching of a low-orbit constellation network, the invention provides a lightweight low-orbit constellation networking authentication and group key agreement protocol; the low-orbit constellation networking authentication protocol can meet the authentication requirements of a low-orbit constellation network, and the group key negotiation protocol can improve the transmission efficiency on the premise of meeting the authentication requirements; compared with the traditional low-orbit constellation networking authentication protocol, the method avoids the leakage of other satellite keys under the condition that a single satellite is attacked; the sequence number SQN is used for replacing a timestamp for synchronization, so that replay attack can be prevented under the condition of large satellite-ground transmission delay; and the group key negotiation protocol is used, so that the transmission efficiency is improved, and the denial of service attack is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a lightweight low-orbit constellation networking authentication and group key agreement protocol, belonging to the technical field of satellite communication and networking authentication.
Background
Firstly, the number of satellites in the low-orbit constellation network is relatively large, for example, 66 low-orbit satellites are shared in an iridium communication system, and 48 low-orbit satellites are shared in a global satellite communication system; meanwhile, the low-orbit constellation network has wide application, and the low-orbit satellite is widely used for detection and communication due to the close distance to the ground.
However, most of the existing satellite systems are composed of a single satellite. The current satellite networking in foreign countries is only an iridium satellite communication system and a globalstar communication system. Due to the fact that the low-orbit constellation networking is high in implementation and maintenance cost and high in implementation cost, a mature low-orbit constellation networking technology is not provided at present in China. Aiming at low orbit constellation networking, many domestic scholars research the authentication protocol of the low orbit constellation networking.
Because networking authentication needs to be frequently performed between low-orbit satellites in a low-orbit constellation network, a lightweight low-orbit constellation networking authentication protocol needs to be designed to meet the authentication requirement of the low-orbit constellation networking; because the transmission efficiency of the messages in the low-orbit constellation network is low, a protocol is needed to be researched to improve the transmission efficiency of the messages between the low-orbit satellites, namely a group key negotiation protocol; however, the low-orbit constellation network has the characteristics of high topology dynamic change and fast link switching, so the current authentication protocol is not suitable for low-orbit constellation networking. Meanwhile, for low-orbit constellation networks, the existing authentication protocol is not safe enough.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lightweight low-orbit constellation networking authentication and group key agreement protocol aiming at the characteristics of high topology dynamic change and quick link switching of a low-orbit constellation network; the method specifically ensures the privacy of the message by using a symmetric key in the message transmission process, ensures the integrity of the message by using a message verification code, and ensures the high efficiency of transmission by using a group key negotiation protocol.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A lightweight low-orbit constellation networking authentication and group key agreement protocol comprises three parts, namely a low-orbit constellation networking authentication process, a low-orbit constellation networking group key agreement process and a change on a message transmission mode after the group key agreement process is finished;
the symbols involved in the authentication process of the low orbit constellation networking are as follows:
the low-orbit constellation network consists of low-orbit satellites and low-orbit inter-satellite links and can be represented by a undirected attribute graph LUG (LV, LE);
wherein LV denotes a low-orbit satellite node, i.e. denotes a low-orbit satellite in a low-orbit constellation network, and is specifically expressed as<nLV,sLV,dLV>Wherein n isLVThe identification represents the number of the low orbit satellite and is the identification for uniquely identifying the low orbit satellite; sLVSecurity information representing low earth orbit satellites; dLVControlled information representing low earth orbit satellites;
LE denotes the low-orbit inter-satellite link, noted<lvm,lvn,sLE>Wherein lvm∈ LV is the start of the link LE, LVn∈ LV is the end point of link LE;
LS denotes a low orbit satellite gateway station, denoted<nLS,sLS,cLS>Wherein n isLSThe method comprises the steps of representing the serial number of a low-orbit satellite gateway station and uniquely identifying one low-orbit satellite gateway station; sLSSecurity information indicative of a low earth orbit satellite gateway; c. CLSControl information indicative of a low earth orbit satellite gateway;
the low earth constellation networking authentication process is responsible for satellite authentication in the following two cases. Firstly, when a satellite passes through a polar region intersection and then the satellites on adjacent two-side orbits change, a communication link between corresponding satellites needs to be switched; secondly, when satellites which are positioned on adjacent orbits but run in opposite directions need to communicate in the high latitude direction through the satellites on the same orbit and then jump to the adjacent orbits;
the low orbit constellation networking authentication process is realized by the following steps:
step one, low orbit satellite lviAnd low orbit satellite gateway station lskCarrying out authentication;
wherein, lviAnd a low orbit satellite to be networked outside the low orbit constellation network;
low orbit satellite gateway station lskA transfer station which is the ground outside the low orbit constellation network;
step two, after the authentication of the step one is completed, the low earth orbit satellite lviWill turn to the low orbit satellite gateway station lskTransmitting and low earth orbit satellite lvjThe authentication request of (1);
wherein, lvjIs a low-orbit satellite node in a low-orbit constellation network LUG ═ (LV, LE);
step three, low orbit satellite gateway station lskWill and low orbit satellite lvjCarrying out authentication; at the same time, the low orbit satellite gateway lskWill generate two low orbit satellite nodes lviAnd lvjA session key in between;
step four, when low orbit satellite gateway station lskAnd two satellites lviAnd lvjAfter passing the certification, the low orbit satellite gateway lskSending session keys to lviAnd lvj;
Step five, after the session key is sent, lviWill be added to the low orbit constellation network, which will increase with the low orbit satellite lviAnd low earth orbit satellite lvjAssociated Low-Earth inter-satellite Link leij;
And finishing the authentication process of the low orbit constellation network from the step one to the step five.
The low orbit constellation networking group key negotiation process specifically comprises the following steps:
the number of the groups is more than or equal to 1, and the number of the groups is related to the satellite node scale of the low-orbit satellite network;
so far, from step 1 to step 2, the low orbit constellation networking group key negotiation process is completed.
The change of the message transmission mode after the group key negotiation process is completed specifically includes:
before group key negotiation is realized, a corresponding symmetric key is used for decryption and encryption once when a communication message passes through each low-orbit satellite;
after group key negotiation is realized, communication messages are directly forwarded in a group, and after one group enters another group, a key of the other group is used for secondary encryption; the protocol transmitted at the same time adds the group through which the message passes in the message content, so that when the message reaches the low orbit satellite gateway station, the low orbit satellite gateway station uses the secret keys to decrypt in sequence according to the group through which the message passes.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the lightweight low-orbit constellation networking authentication and group key agreement protocol has the following beneficial effects:
1. the protocol is based on the existing 3GPP AKA protocol, a symmetric key is used in the message transmission process to ensure the privacy of the message, and a message verification code is used to ensure the integrity of the message;
2. the sequence number SQN is used for replacing a timestamp for synchronization, so that replay attack can be prevented under the condition of large satellite-ground transmission delay;
3. in the group key negotiation process, the satellite does not need to know the keys of other satellites in the group, so that the keys of other satellites cannot be leaked after the satellite in the call ticket is attacked, and only the group key negotiation needs to be carried out again;
4. through the performance test, the scheme is compared with the traditional public key scheme, and the following results can be obtained: the scheme has the authentication delay of 21.22ms at most, 11ms at most and the average delay of 14.02 ms. The traditional scheme has maximum authentication delay of 78.87ms, minimum authentication delay of 25.95ms and average delay of 46.47 ms. The efficiency of the scheme is improved by 69% compared with that of the traditional scheme;
5. through performance test, the group key negotiation protocol can be completed within 300ms, and the transmission delay of the group key negotiation protocol is smaller than that of the conventional scheme.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of low orbit constellation networking in a lightweight low orbit constellation networking authentication and group key agreement protocol according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a group key agreement protocol for a lightweight low-orbit constellation network authentication and group key agreement protocol according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a line diagram of the authentication efficiency of the low orbit constellation networking in the lightweight low orbit constellation networking authentication and group key agreement protocol of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of maximum transmission delay curves of adjacent tracks of a low-orbit constellation network in a lightweight low-orbit constellation network authentication and group key agreement protocol according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a graph of the same-orbit maximum transmission delay of a low-orbit constellation network in a lightweight low-orbit constellation network authentication and group key agreement protocol according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
This embodiment details the process of the present invention when the lightweight low-orbit constellation networking authentication protocol and the group key agreement protocol are implemented in the context of performing group key agreement.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of low orbit constellation networking in the lightweight low orbit constellation networking authentication and group key agreement protocol of the present invention, and it can be seen from fig. 1 that the flow of a low orbit satellite outside a low orbit constellation network wanting to join the low orbit constellation network is as follows:
a, mutually authenticating a low-orbit satellite outside a low-orbit constellation network and a low-orbit satellite in the low-orbit constellation network through a low-orbit satellite gateway station;
step b, the low orbit satellite gateway station distributes session keys to the two low orbit satellites mutually authenticated in the step a;
c, according to the principle that the adjacent orbits are a group and the same orbit is a group, carrying out XOR operation on the key carried by the newly added low-orbit satellite and the group key of the group to which the low-orbit satellite is added to obtain a new group key of the group;
step d, sending the new group key obtained in the step c to a low orbit satellite gateway station for protection;
thus, the overall process of the low-orbit constellation networking method relied on by the present embodiment is completed through the steps a to d.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the group key agreement protocol of the low earth orbit constellation network of the present invention, and it can be seen from fig. 2 that the group key agreement flow after three continuous low earth orbit satellites enter the same group is as follows:
step A, after the low orbit satellite 1 enters the predetermined orbit, because only one low orbit satellite exists at the moment, the group key negotiation is not needed.
Step B, after the low orbit satellite 2 enters the preset orbit, the low orbit satellite 2 and the low orbit satellite 1 are authenticated through a low orbit satellite gateway station and negotiate a symmetric key sk12. At this time, the group key skg=sk12。
Step C, after the low orbit satellite 3 enters the preset orbit, the low orbit satellite 2 and the low orbit satellite 3 carry out authentication and negotiate a symmetric key sk23。
Step D, using the group key skg=sk12And sk23Performing an XOR operation to obtain a new symmetric key, skg=sk12⊕sk23And sends the new group key to the other members of the group.
Thus, the group key agreement method of the present embodiment is completed through steps a to D.
Example 3
This embodiment details the process of the lightweight low-orbit constellation networking authentication protocol and the group key agreement protocol when the invention is implemented in the case of transmitting information of adjacent tracks and the same track.
The change of the message transmission mode after the group key negotiation process is completed specifically includes:
before group key negotiation is realized, a corresponding symmetric key is used for decryption and encryption once when a communication message passes through each low-orbit satellite;
after group key negotiation is realized, communication messages are directly forwarded in a group, and after one group enters another group, a key of the other group is used for secondary encryption; the protocol transmitted at the same time adds the group through which the message passes in the message content, so that when the message reaches the low orbit satellite gateway station, the low orbit satellite gateway station uses the secret keys to decrypt in sequence according to the group through which the message passes.
The experiments were performed on a processor of 3.1GHz Intel Corei 5. The low-orbit satellite constellation constructed in the experiment has 6 orbits, 10 satellites are distributed on each orbit averagely, 60 satellites are totally distributed, the inclination angle of the orbit is 90 degrees, and the height of the orbit is 780 km.
Fig. 3 is a line graph of the low-orbit constellation networking authentication efficiency, the abscissa is the experiment implementation times, the ordinate is the low-orbit satellite authentication delay, the solid line is the transmission delay based on the present invention, and the dotted line is the delay based on the conventional scheme. As can be seen from fig. 3, compared with the conventional authentication scheme, the authentication time delay of the lightweight low-orbit constellation networking authentication protocol is lower, and the authentication efficiency is higher.
Fig. 4 is a graph of maximum transmission delay curves of adjacent orbits of a low-orbit constellation network, in which the abscissa is the number of low-orbit satellites in a group, the ordinate is the maximum message transmission delay, the solid line is the maximum transmission delay curve of adjacent orbit messages under a group key agreement protocol, and the dotted line is the maximum transmission delay curve of adjacent orbit messages under a conventional scheme. As can be seen from fig. 4, when the message is transmitted on the adjacent tracks, along with the increase of the number of low orbit satellites in the low orbit constellation network, the maximum transmission delay of the conventional scheme is gradually higher than the maximum transmission delay of the group key agreement protocol, and the maximum transmission delay of the message is about 70ms under the condition of the group key agreement protocol based on the invention, which is lower than the maximum transmission delay of the message of the conventional scheme, and can effectively prevent the denial of service attack;
fig. 5 is a graph of maximum transmission delay in the same orbit of a low-orbit constellation network, in which the abscissa represents the number of low-orbit satellites in a group, the ordinate represents transmission delay of a hangover message, the solid line represents the maximum transmission delay in the same orbit of a group key agreement protocol, and the dotted line represents the maximum transmission delay in the same orbit of a conventional scheme. As can be seen from fig. 5, when the message is transmitted on the same track, as the number of low orbit satellites in the low orbit constellation network increases, the maximum transmission delay of the conventional scheme is gradually higher than the maximum transmission delay of the group key agreement protocol, and the maximum transmission delay of the message is about 300ms under the condition of the group key agreement protocol based on the invention, which is lower than the maximum transmission delay of the message of the conventional scheme, and can effectively prevent denial of service attack;
the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications may be made or equivalents may be substituted for some of the features thereof without departing from the scope of the present invention, and such modifications and substitutions should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A lightweight low-orbit constellation networking authentication and group key agreement method is characterized in that: the method comprises three parts, namely a low orbit constellation networking authentication process, a low orbit constellation networking group key negotiation process and a change to a message transmission mode after the group key negotiation process is finished;
the symbols involved in the authentication process of the low orbit constellation networking are as follows:
the low-orbit constellation network consists of low-orbit satellites and low-orbit inter-satellite links and is represented by a undirected attribute graph LUG (LV, LE);
wherein LV denotes a low-orbit satellite node, i.e. denotes a low-orbit satellite in a low-orbit constellation network, and is specifically expressed as<nLV,sLV,dLV>Wherein n isLVThe identification represents the number of the low orbit satellite and is the identification for uniquely identifying the low orbit satellite; sLVSecurity information representing low earth orbit satellites; dLVControlled information representing low earth orbit satellites;
LE denotes the low-orbit inter-satellite link, noted<lvm,lvn,sLE>Wherein lvm∈ LV is the start of the link LE, LVn∈ LV is the end point of link LE;
LS denotes a low orbit satellite gateway station, denoted<nLS,sLS,cLS>Wherein n isLSThe method comprises the steps of representing the serial number of a low-orbit satellite gateway station and uniquely identifying one low-orbit satellite gateway station; sLSSecurity information indicative of a low earth orbit satellite gateway; c. CLSControl information indicative of a low earth orbit satellite gateway;
the low orbit constellation networking authentication process is responsible for the authentication of the satellite under the following two conditions; firstly, when a satellite passes through a polar region intersection and then the satellites on adjacent two-side orbits change, a communication link between corresponding satellites needs to be switched; secondly, when satellites which are positioned on adjacent orbits but run in opposite directions need to communicate in the high latitude direction through the satellites on the same orbit and then jump to the adjacent orbits;
the low orbit constellation networking authentication process is realized by the following steps:
step one, low orbit satellite lviAnd low orbit satellite gateway station lskCarrying out authentication;
wherein, lviAnd a low orbit satellite to be networked outside the low orbit constellation network;
low orbit satellite gateway station lskA transfer station which is the ground outside the low orbit constellation network;
step two, after the authentication of the step one is completed, the low earth orbit satellite lviWill turn to the low orbit satellite gateway station lskTransmitting and low earth orbit satellite lvjThe authentication request of (1);
wherein, lvjIs a low-orbit satellite node in a low-orbit constellation network LUG ═ (LV, LE);
step three, low orbit satellite gateway station lskWill and low orbit satellite lvjCarrying out authentication; at the same time, the low orbit satellite gateway lskWill generate two low orbit satellite nodes lviAnd lvjA session key in between;
step four, when low orbit satellite gateway station lskAnd two satellites lviAnd lvjAfter passing the certification, the low orbit satellite gateway lskSending session keys to lviAnd lvj;
Step five, after the session key is sent, lviWill be added to the low orbit constellation network, which will increase with the low orbit satellite lviAnd low earth orbit satellite lvjAssociated Low-Earth inter-satellite Link leij;
So far, from the step one to the step five, the low orbit constellation networking authentication process is completed;
the low orbit constellation networking group key negotiation process specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, taking low-orbit satellites on the same orbit as a group, taking low-orbit satellites on adjacent orbits as a group, and dividing all the low-orbit satellites into a plurality of groups according to the mode; lviAfter joining the low orbit constellation network, distributing the groups according to the above mode;
step 2, mixing lviCarrying out XOR calculation on the carried session key and all symmetric keys in the group to which the session key is added to obtain a new group key, and sending the group key to the low-orbit satellite gateway station by the group, so that the low-orbit satellite gateway station can maintain the keys of the groups;
so far, from step 1 to step 2, the low orbit constellation networking group key negotiation process is completed;
the change of the message transmission mode after the group key negotiation process is completed specifically includes:
before group key negotiation is realized, a corresponding symmetric key is used for decryption and encryption once when a communication message passes through each low-orbit satellite;
after group key negotiation is realized, communication messages are directly forwarded in a group, and after one group enters another group, a key of the other group is used for secondary encryption; the protocol transmitted at the same time adds the group through which the message passes in the message content, so that when the message reaches the low orbit satellite gateway station, the low orbit satellite gateway station uses the secret keys to decrypt in sequence according to the group through which the message passes.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises: in step 1, the number of the groups is more than or equal to 1, and the number of the groups is related to the satellite node scale of the low-orbit satellite network.
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CN114828005A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-07-29 | 西安电子科技大学 | Enhanced inter-satellite networking authentication method based on location key |
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