CN108046740A - A kind of silica nano fibrous enhancing silica aerogel material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of silica nano fibrous enhancing silica aerogel material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
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- C04B30/02—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders containing fibrous materials
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- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/14—Colloidal silica, e.g. dispersions, gels, sols
- C01B33/157—After-treatment of gels
- C01B33/158—Purification; Drying; Dehydrating
- C01B33/1585—Dehydration into aerogels
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of silica nano fibrous enhancing silica aerogel material and preparation method thereof, the partially porous structure of composite aerogel and SiO2Nanofiber is combined, and pore volume is than pure SiO2The pore volume of aeroge is small, and aperture is near 10 ~ 20nm, and porosity is up to 97%, and compared with the method that other fiber blends add, the present invention employs fabricated in situ SiO in aerogel process is prepared2The method of nanofiber, and pass through constant pressure and dry technique, further improve pure SiO2The shortcomings that aeroge is excessively loose makes it have excellent structural behaviour and relatively low thermal conductivity factor, can be used as the uses such as high efficiency heat insulation material, core material of vacuum heat insulation plate or catalyst carrier.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to materials science fields, and in particular to a kind of silica nano fibrous enhancing aerosil
Material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Aeroge is a kind of nanoporous light material with many excellent properties.Wherein, SiO2Aeroge is with SiO2
Particle is the porous nanometer material of elementary cell, there is low heat conductivity, low-density, high porosity, high-specific surface area, low-refraction
With the characteristics such as hydrophobicity, suffer from being widely applied in thermal insulation, building, aviation, electronics, catalysis and biomedicine etc..
Supercritical drying process is usually selected in the preparation of general aeroge, and this method can effectively prevent the contraction of alcogel,
But supercritical drying equipment complicated condition, production cost are higher and dangerous higher, so high normal of easy to operate, safety coefficient
Press dry the concern that drying process is more exposed to people.The surface tension of aeroge can cause very big capillary force during constant pressure and dry,
Easily lead to caving in for aerogel structure.To avoid the occurrence of that this can be by enhancing the skeleton structure of aeroge, reducing gas-liquid
The methods of interfacial tension and increase hydrophobic grouping, improves.
Pure SiO2Aeroge intensity is low, poor toughness, this greatly limits the practical application of aeroge, therefore how to improve
The mechanical property of aeroge has become problem content very popular in recent years.Research, which shows to be used as using fiber, enhances phase, can
To effectively improve SiO2The mechanical property of aeroge.Common addition fiber have glass fibre, ceramic fibre, mullite fiber,
Aramid fiber and carbon fiber etc., but the introducing of these fibers generally requires modifying agent to improve fiber surface and silicon dioxide interface
Between compatibility, and composite S iO2Fiber then avoids this problem, and other side reactions will not occur.
The content of the invention
In place of overcoming shortcoming of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of simple for process, porosity height, and have
Have excellent structural performance and relatively low thermal conductivity factor the silica nano fibrous enhancing silica aerogel material of one kind and
Its preparation method.
The present invention uses following technical scheme:
A kind of silica nano fibrous enhancing silica aerogel material, using aerosil as matrix, two
Silicon oxide nanofiber is reinforcement, using fabricated in situ SiO2The method of nanofiber forms the compound dioxy of silicon dioxide fibre
SiClx aeroge.
Its preparation method includes step in detail below:
(1) by silicon-containing material, organic solvent and deionized water according to 1:5-50:The molar ratio of 1-20 is added in container and mixed
Uniformly, after being 1-5 with the pH of acid adjusting mixed solution, hydrolysis is stirred at 20-50 DEG C, obtains mixed liquor 1;
(2) by appropriate dispersant, organic solvent and organic slat solution according to mass ratio 1:5.5-40:0.5-10 adds in container
Then middle ultrasonic disperse adds in aqueous slkali and silicon-containing material, when being heated to 50-95 DEG C and maintaining 0.1-2 small, obtain SiO2Nanowire
Dimension is scattered in organic solvent after washing filtering and obtains mixed liquor 2;
The mass ratio of the aqueous slkali, silicon-containing material and dispersant is 1:0.01-0.2:0.05-1;
(3) mixed liquor 2 is poured into mixed liquor 1, mixed solution 3 is obtained after being sufficiently stirred, add in mixed solution 0.1-
20% aqueous slkali standing makes its sol gel form gel, and obtained gel is immersed to 40-95 DEG C of mixed organic solvents
When middle aging 0.5-48 is small, in ageing process using organic solvent displacement twice, then adds in modifying agent and mixed with organic solvent
Gel after the completion of modification is put into organic solvent and impregnates, rinses, is finally dried to obtain at 60-150 DEG C by solution modification
SiO2Nanofiber/SiO2Composite aerogel.
Wherein, the silicon-containing material refers to:Sodium metasilicate, potassium silicate, ethyl orthosilicate, methyl orthosilicate or positive silicic acid
One or more combinations in butyl ester.
Wherein, the organic solvent is methanol, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, n-butanol, isobutanol, n-hexane, n-amyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol
In one or more combinations.
Wherein, the acid, which is hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, citric acid are one or more combines.
Wherein, the dispersant, which is polyethylene alkyl pyrroles, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol are one or more combines.
Wherein, the modifying agent is trim,ethylchlorosilane, Iodotrimethylsilane, methyltriethoxysilane, methyl trimethoxy
The one or more combinations of oxysilane, dimethyl diethoxysilane.
Wherein, the alkali, which is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide are one or more combines;The concentration of aqueous slkali is 0.1-
10mol/L。
Wherein, the organic salt is sodium acetate, sodium citrate, Sodium Glycinate, benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt, lauryl sodium sulfate one kind
Or multiple combinations;Organic slat solution concentration is 0.01-1mol/L.
Wherein, step (3) modifying agent and volume ratio both in organic solvent mixed solution are 1:1.1-11.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
Composite aerogel prepared by the present invention has the network structure of nanoporous, SiO2The addition of nanofiber can be with shape
Microscopic appearance and space structure are improved into effective skeleton structure, pore volume reduces, and also further improves pure SiO2Gas
The shortcomings that gel is excessively loose, and have good compatibility, dispersiveness and thermal stability, maintain higher porosity etc.
Excellent performance, near 10~20nm, porosity has very big up to 97% in catalytic adsorption field in gained composite aerogel aperture
Application prospect.Compared with the method that other fiber blends add, fabricated in situ SiO is employed in aerogel process is prepared2
The method of nanofiber solves the problems, such as compatible bad dispersibility, and new thinking is provided to the synthesis of following composite material, tool
There is certain directive significance, the uses such as high efficiency heat insulation material, core material of vacuum heat insulation plate or catalyst carrier can be used as.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1) it is 1 according to molar ratio by sodium metasilicate, methanol and deionized water:10:1 ratio is added in container and is uniformly mixed,
The pH of mixed solution is adjusted as 1 after stirring hydrolysis at 20 DEG C with nitric acid, obtains mixed liquor 1.
(2) by appropriate polyvinyl alcohol, n-butanol, methanol and sodium acetate aqueous solution (concentration 0.01mol/L) according to quality
Than 1:5:0.5:0.5 adds in ultrasonic disperse in container, then adds in sodium hydrate aqueous solution (concentration 0.1mol/L) and silicic acid
Sodium, be heated to 50 DEG C maintain 0.1 it is small when, obtain SiO2Nanofiber is scattered in ethyl alcohol after washing filtering and obtains mixed liquor 2;
The mass ratio of the sodium hydrate aqueous solution, sodium metasilicate and polyvinyl alcohol is 1:0.01:0.05.
(3) mixed liquor 2 is poured into mixed liquor 1, mixed solution 3 is obtained after being sufficiently stirred, add in sodium hydrate aqueous solution
(concentration 0.1mol/L) standing makes its sol gel formation gel, the wherein matter of mixed solution 3 and sodium hydrate aqueous solution
Amount is than being 1:0.001;When obtained gel immersed aging 4 is small in 50 DEG C of methanol, during this with methanol replacement twice, so
Trim,ethylchlorosilane, methanol and n-amyl alcohol (volume ratio 1 are added in afterwards:0.1:1) mixed solution is modified, will be solidifying after the completion of modification
Glue, which is put into methanol, to be impregnated, rinses, and is finally dried to obtain SiO at 100 DEG C2Nanofiber/SiO2Composite aerogel.
Embodiment 2
(1) it is 1 according to molar ratio by potassium silicate, ethyl alcohol and deionized water:5:1 ratio is added in container and is uniformly mixed,
The pH of mixed solution is adjusted as 2 after stirring hydrolysis at 20 DEG C with hydrochloric acid, obtains mixed liquor 1.
(2) by appropriate polyethylene glycol, isobutanol, ethyl alcohol and sodium citrate aqueous solution (concentration 0.02mol/L) according to matter
Measure ratio 1:10:1:1 adds in ultrasonic disperse in container, then adds in ammonium hydroxide (concentration 1mol/L) and potassium silicate, is heated to 50 DEG C
Maintain 1 it is small when, obtain SiO2 nanofibers, be scattered in after washing filtering in ethyl alcohol and obtain mixed liquor 2;
The mass ratio of the ammonium hydroxide, potassium silicate and polyethylene glycol is 1:0.05:0.1.
(3) mixed liquor 2 is poured into mixed liquor 1, obtains mixed solution 3 after being sufficiently stirred, adding in ammonium hydroxide, (concentration is
1mol/L) standing makes its sol gel form gel, and the mass ratio of wherein mixed solution 3 and ammonium hydroxide is 1:0.002;Will
To gel immerse that aging 8 is small in 60 DEG C of ethyl alcohol when, during this with ethanol replacement twice, then add in methyl triethoxy
Silane, ethyl alcohol and n-hexane (volume ratio 1:0.2:2) mixed solution is modified, and the gel after the completion of modification is put into ethyl alcohol and is soaked
Bubble rinses, and is finally dried to obtain SiO at 80 DEG C2Nanofiber/SiO2Composite aerogel.
Embodiment 3
(1) it is 1 according to molar ratio by ethyl orthosilicate, propyl alcohol and deionized water:6:2 ratio is added in container and mixed
It is even, the pH of mixed solution is adjusted as 3 after stirring hydrolysis at 40 DEG C with sulfuric acid, obtains mixed liquor 1.
(2) by appropriate polyvinylpyrrolidone, isoamyl alcohol, propyl alcohol and lauryl sodium sulfate aqueous solution, (concentration is
0.03mol/L) according to mass ratio 1:12:2:2 add in ultrasonic disperse in containers, and then adding in potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, (concentration is
0.5mol/L) and ethyl orthosilicate, be heated to 60 DEG C maintain 1 it is small when, obtain SiO2 nanofibers, be scattered in second after washing filtering
Mixed liquor 2 is obtained in alcohol;
The mass ratio of the potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, ethyl orthosilicate and polyvinylpyrrolidone is 1:0.05:0.1.
(3) mixed liquor 2 is poured into mixed liquor 1, mixed solution 3 is obtained after being sufficiently stirred, add in potassium hydroxide aqueous solution
(concentration 0.5mol/L) standing makes its sol gel formation gel, the wherein matter of mixed solution 3 and potassium hydroxide aqueous solution
Amount is than being 1:0.003;When obtained gel immersed aging 2 is small in 70 DEG C of ethyl alcohol, during this with ethanol replacement twice, so
Methyltrimethoxysilane, ethyl alcohol and n-hexane (volume ratio 1 are added in afterwards:0.2:2) mixed solution is modified, after the completion of modification
Gel be put into ethyl alcohol impregnate, rinse, be finally dried to obtain SiO at 110 DEG C2Nanofiber/SiO2Composite aerogel.
Embodiment 4
(1) it is 1 according to molar ratio by butyl silicate, ethyl alcohol and deionized water:10:4 ratio is added in container and mixed
Uniformly, the pH of mixed solution is adjusted with hydrochloric acid as 4 after stirring hydrolysis at 50 DEG C, obtains mixed liquor 1.
(2) by appropriate polyvinyl alcohol, n-amyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol and Sodium Glycinate aqueous solution (concentration 0.03mol/L) according to matter
Measure ratio 1:10:2:2 add in ultrasonic disperse in container, then add in sodium hydrate aqueous solution (concentration 1mol/L) and positive silicic acid fourth
Ester, be heated to 60 DEG C maintain 1 it is small when, obtain SiO2 nanofibers, be scattered in after washing filtering in ethyl alcohol and obtain mixed liquor 2;
The mass ratio of the sodium hydrate aqueous solution, butyl silicate and polyvinyl alcohol is 1:0.05:0.1.
(3) mixed liquor 2 is poured into mixed liquor 1, mixed solution 3 is obtained after being sufficiently stirred, add in sodium hydrate aqueous solution
(concentration 1mol/L) standing makes its sol gel form gel, wherein mixed solution 3 and sodium hydrate aqueous solution (concentration
For 1mol/L) mass ratio be 1:0.05;Second is used when obtained gel immersed aging 12 is small in 70 DEG C of ethyl alcohol, during this
Alcohol is replaced twice, then adds in Iodotrimethylsilane, ethyl alcohol and n-hexane (volume ratio 1:0.2:2) mixed solution is modified, will
Gel after the completion of modification, which is put into ethyl alcohol, to be impregnated, rinses, and is finally dried to obtain SiO at 120 DEG C2Nanofiber/SiO2It is compound
Aeroge.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of silica nano fibrous enhancing silica aerogel material, which is characterized in that with aerosil
For matrix, silica nano fibrous is reinforcement, using fabricated in situ SiO2It is fine that the method for nanofiber forms silica
Tie up dioxide composite silica aerogel.
2. a kind of preparation side of silica nano fibrous enhancing silica aerogel material according to claim 1
Method, which is characterized in that including step in detail below:
(1)By silicon-containing material, organic solvent and deionized water according to 1:5-50:The molar ratio of 1-20 is added in container and mixed
It is even, after the pH with acid adjusting mixed solution is 1-5, hydrolysis is stirred at 20-50 DEG C, obtains mixed liquor 1;
(2)By appropriate dispersant, organic solvent and organic slat solution according to mass ratio 1:5.5-40:0.5-10, which is added in container, to be surpassed
Sound disperses, and then adds in aqueous slkali and silicon-containing material, when being heated to 50-95 DEG C and maintaining 0.1-2 small, obtains SiO2Nanofiber,
It is scattered in after washing filtering in organic solvent and obtains mixed liquor 2;
The mass ratio of the aqueous slkali, silicon-containing material and dispersant is 1:0.01-0.2:0.05-1;
(3)Mixed liquor 2 is poured into mixed liquor 1, mixed solution 3 is obtained after being sufficiently stirred, adds in the alkali of mixed solution 0.1-20%
Solution left standstill makes its sol gel form gel, and obtained gel is immersed to aging in 40-95 DEG C of mixed organic solvents
When 0.5-48 is small, in ageing process using organic solvent displacement twice, then adds in modifying agent and change with organic solvent mixed solution
Property, the gel after the completion of modification is put into organic solvent and impregnates, rinse, is finally dried to obtain silica at 60-150 DEG C
Nanofiber enhances silica aerogel material.
3. a kind of preparation side of silica nano fibrous enhancing silica aerogel material according to claim 2
Method, which is characterized in that the silicon-containing material refers to:Sodium metasilicate, potassium silicate, ethyl orthosilicate, methyl orthosilicate or positive silicic acid
One or more combinations in butyl ester.
4. a kind of preparation side of silica nano fibrous enhancing silica aerogel material according to claim 2
Method, which is characterized in that the organic solvent is methanol, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, n-butanol, isobutanol, n-hexane, n-amyl alcohol or isoamyl
One or more combinations in alcohol.
5. a kind of preparation side of silica nano fibrous enhancing silica aerogel material according to claim 2
Method, which is characterized in that the acid is hydrochloric acid, one or more combinations of acetic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, citric acid;The concentration of acid solution
For 0.1-10mol/L.
6. a kind of preparation side of silica nano fibrous enhancing silica aerogel material according to claim 2
Method, which is characterized in that the dispersant is polyethylene alkyl pyrroles, one or more combinations of polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol.
7. a kind of preparation side of silica nano fibrous enhancing silica aerogel material according to claim 2
Method, which is characterized in that the modifying agent is trim,ethylchlorosilane, Iodotrimethylsilane, methyltriethoxysilane, methyl trimethoxy
One or more combinations of oxysilane, dimethyl diethoxysilane.
8. a kind of preparation side of silica nano fibrous enhancing silica aerogel material according to claim 2
Method, which is characterized in that the alkali is sodium hydroxide, one or more combinations of potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide;The concentration of aqueous slkali is
0.1-10mol/L。
9. a kind of preparation side of silica nano fibrous enhancing silica aerogel material according to claim 2
Method, which is characterized in that the organic salt is sodium acetate, sodium citrate, Sodium Glycinate, benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt, lauryl sodium sulfate
One or more combination;Organic slat solution concentration is 0.01-1mol/L.
10. a kind of preparation side of silica nano fibrous enhancing silica aerogel material according to claim 2
Method, which is characterized in that the step(3)Modifying agent is 1 with volume ratio both in organic solvent mixed solution:1.1-11.
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CN108658575A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-10-16 | 安徽中航名坤新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of fibre-reinforced aerogel composite material |
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