CN108046431B - Automatic control device and method for realizing short-cut nitrification of low-concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater - Google Patents
Automatic control device and method for realizing short-cut nitrification of low-concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an automatic control device and a method for realizing short-cut nitrification of low-concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater, wherein the device consists of a short-cut nitrification reactor, a water inlet system, a water outlet system, a water bath circulation system and an automatic control system 5. Adopt on-line monitoring device, carry out reasonable aeration according to ammonia nitrogen concentration in the short distance nitration reactor, both guarantee that the activity of ammonia oxidizing bacteria bacterium is not influenced, improve short distance nitration efficiency, can avoid nitrite nitrogen further oxidation to nitrate nitrogen again, simultaneously can also the hydraulic retention time of accurate control short distance nitration reactor, avoid appearing because of the condition that the water ammonia nitrogen concentration is low and can not satisfy anaerobic ammonia oxidation matrix demand, also can reduce to a certain extent because of the possibility that hydraulic retention time overlength makes nitrite nitrogen further oxidation to nitrate nitrogen, guarantee simultaneously that short distance nitration reactor's pH and dissolved oxygen are in the optimum range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological wastewater treatment, and relates to an automatic control device and method for realizing short-cut nitrification.
Background
In recent years, in order to overcome the defects of complex process flow, high energy consumption, inconvenient operation and management, large sludge production and the like of the traditional biological denitrification process, a novel biological denitrification technology represented by shortcut nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation becomes a hotspot and a frontier of the international water treatment field research. The short-cut nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation process is to oxidize half of ammonia nitrogen in water into nitrite nitrogen and prevent the nitrite nitrogen from being further oxidized into nitrate, and then directly take the nitrite nitrogen as an electron acceptor and take the residual ammonia nitrogen in water as an electron donor to carry out reaction so as to realize the removal of nitrogen. Therefore, how to realize the effective accumulation of the precursor nitrite nitrogen is a key factor for the smooth progress of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction. At present, the main idea of controlling the semi-nitrification is to increase the growth of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and intercept or inhibit the growth of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria by utilizing the difference of physiological characteristics of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. In the last 20 years, the short-cut nitrification technology has been widely used for treating high ammonia nitrogen wastewater, the technology is relatively mature, and the short-cut nitrification is relatively easy to realize due to the high concentration of free ammonia and free nitrous acid in the sewage and the matching of the control of conditions such as dissolved oxygen and the like. For low-concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater, the concentrations of free ammonia and free nitrous acid are low, so that the growth of nitrite oxidizing bacteria is not inhibited sufficiently, and the short-cut nitrification is difficult to realize.
At present, the control of the low ammonia nitrogen concentration shortcut nitrification is mainly focused on four aspects, firstly, according to the growth characteristics of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and nitrite oxidizing bacteria, dissolved oxygen, hydraulic retention time, sludge retention time, pH value, alkalinity and the like are controlled to be the optimal growth conditions of the ammonia oxidizing bacteria, so that the growth speed of the ammonia oxidizing bacteria exceeds that of the nitrite oxidizing bacteria, and the ammonia oxidizing bacteria gradually occupy an advantage position, but the nitrite oxidizing bacteria has extremely strong adaptability and is difficult to realize. Secondly, the acclimated short-cut nitrification sludge is added into a low-concentration short-cut nitrification system, the biological adding effect is obvious, but the strain is difficult to retain in the short-cut nitrification reactor and runs off along with effluent, so the acclimated short-cut nitrification sludge is unstable or needs to be continuously supplemented in the long-term operation process; thirdly, in an intermittent aeration mode, nitrite oxidizing bacteria are inhibited when aerobic conditions and anoxic conditions are converted back and forth, the mechanism of the conventional method is not clear, the hydraulic retention time is greatly shortened due to low ammonia nitrogen concentration in the actual operation process, and the actual operation is not feasible; and fourthly, establishing an on-line monitoring and controlling system which can monitor the short-cut nitrification reaction process in real time and correspondingly change parameter conditions, and the on-line monitoring and controlling system becomes a research hotspot at present.
The invention discloses a short-cut nitrification reactor which is provided with an online monitoring probe, comprising an ammonia nitrogen online monitoring probe, a dissolved oxygen online monitoring probe and a pH online monitoring probe, wherein the probe acquires data and transmits the data to a PLC, the pH of the short-cut nitrification reactor is kept between 8.0 and 8.5 through a control element, the dissolved oxygen in the short-cut nitrification reactor is constantly less than 0.3mg/L, the dissolved oxygen is between 0.15 and 0.3mg/L under the condition of higher ammonia nitrogen concentration (30 to 50mg/L), the dissolved oxygen is between 0.1 and 0.15mg/L under the condition of lower ammonia nitrogen concentration (0 to 30mg/L), the hydraulic retention time of the short-cut nitrification reactor is determined by the reaction state, and when the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the short-cut nitrification reactor is half of the reaction start time, the reaction is stopped, and the hydraulic retention time value is automatically calculated and output. The automatic monitoring and control system is applied to reasonably aerate according to the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the short-cut nitrification reactor, thereby preventing nitrite nitrogen from being further oxidized into nitrate nitrogen, and simultaneously accurately controlling the hydraulic retention time of the short-cut nitrification reactor, which can not be realized in the traditional condition control.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the shortcut nitrification of the town wastewater with low ammonia nitrogen concentration is difficult to realize at present, the invention provides a novel automatic control device and a novel automatic control method, and an effective process mode is provided for realizing the shortcut nitrification of the town wastewater.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is to realize the automatic control device and the method for the shortcut nitrification of the low-concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater, and is characterized in that: utilize on-line monitoring device, can carry out reasonable aeration according to ammonia nitrogen concentration in the short distance nitration reactor, the activity of both guaranteeing ammonia oxidizing bacteria bacterium is not influenced, can avoid nitrite nitrogen further oxidation to nitrate nitrogen again, simultaneously can also the hydraulic power dwell time of accurate control short distance nitration reactor, avoid appearing because of going out the condition that water ammonia nitrogen concentration is low and can not satisfy anaerobic ammonia oxidation matrix demand, also can reduce to a certain extent because of the hydraulic power dwell time overlength makes nitrite nitrogen further oxidation to the possibility of nitrate nitrogen, on-line monitoring can also guarantee that the pH of short distance nitration reactor is in optimum range.
The device consists of 5 parts of a short-cut nitrification reactor, a water inlet system, a water outlet system, a water bath circulating system and an automatic control system. Wherein, the water inlet system is connected with the water inlet of the short-cut nitrification reactor, the water outlet system is connected with the water outlet of the short-cut nitrification reactor, and the water bath circulating system is connected with the water bath jacket of the short-cut nitrification reactor in series. The automatic control system is connected with a water inlet pump in the water inlet system, a water outlet pump in the water outlet system and three on-line monitoring probes of the shortcut nitrification reactor in series.
The short-cut nitrification reactor is cylindrical and made of organic glass, the effective volume of the short-cut nitrification reactor is 8L, and the short-cut nitrification reactor is provided with a water inlet, a water outlet, an aeration port, an acid adding port and an alkali adding port. Preferably, the water outlet is arranged in the middle of the short-cut nitrification reactor, and the positions of the rest of the water inlets, the alkali adding port and the acid adding port are not limited. The outer layer is provided with a water-bath heating jacket, and the temperature of the short-cut nitrification reactor is maintained at 30 ℃. The bottom of the short-cut nitrification reactor is provided with a circular aeration disc, the aeration disc is connected with an aeration port of the short-cut nitrification reactor through a latex tube to supply oxygen, the top end of the short-cut nitrification reactor is provided with stirring slurry, the stirring is favorable for the transfer and the uniform reaction of the substrate in the short-cut nitrification reactor, and the stirring speed is set to be 200-300rpm when the device operates. The short-cut nitrification reactor covers and reserves the round hole of three installation probes, inserts ammonia nitrogen on-line monitoring probe, pH on-line monitoring probe and dissolved oxygen on-line monitoring probe respectively, and all probes insert in the round hole with vertical mode, and the short-cut nitrification reactor inner wall is equipped with the baffle, is located under the probe to the bubble that produces when blockking the aeration influences the accuracy of reading with probe direct contact.
The water inlet system comprises a water inlet bottle and a water inlet peristaltic pump. The water inlet bottle is connected with a water inlet peristaltic pump through a pump pipe, and the other end of the pump pipe is connected with a water inlet of the short-cut nitrification reactor. The water inlet peristaltic pump is connected with the PLC through an RS485 communication port, and water is automatically fed after each reaction period begins.
The water outlet system comprises a water outlet peristaltic pump and a water outlet bottle. One end of a plastic pipe of the water outlet peristaltic pump is connected with a water outlet pipe of the short-distance nitration reactor, and the other end of the plastic pipe is communicated into a water outlet bottle. The water outlet peristaltic pump is connected with the PLC through an RS485 communication port, and water is automatically discharged after each reaction period is finished.
The water bath circulation system consists of a water bath kettle and a pressure pump, constant-temperature water flows through the water bath kettle, the pressure pump and a water bath heating jacket of the short-cut nitrification reactor to form a closed circulation loop, and the temperature in the short-cut nitrification reactor is constant at 30 ℃ so as to ensure the realization of short-cut nitrification. The water bath kettle is connected with a pressure pump, and the constant temperature water is pumped into the water bath water inlet of the shortcut nitrification reactor under the action of the pressure pump. The water bath water inlet and the water bath water outlet of the shortcut nitrification reactor are communicated with the water bath heating jacket, the water bath water outlet is connected with the water bath kettle, and the constant temperature water flows back to the water bath kettle again. Namely, the constant temperature water in the water bath kettle flows to the water bath jacket through the pressure pump and the water bath water inlet, then flows to the water bath water outlet of the short distance nitration reactor from the water bath jacket and flows back to the water bath kettle, thus forming a circulating water bath system.
The automatic control system comprises automatic control of dissolved oxygen, pH and hydraulic retention time. Wherein the dissolved oxygen automatic control system is jointly controlled by an ammonia nitrogen online monitoring probe, an aeration pump and a PLC, and the aeration pump is connected with an aeration disc at the bottom of the shortcut nitrification reactor through a latex tube. Online ammonia nitrogen and dissolved oxygen data are transmitted to a PLC (programmable logic controller) in real time, and an aeration pump is connected with the PLC and a controller through an RS485 communication interface, so that the dissolved oxygen in the shortcut nitrification reactor is ensured to be at a set concentration; the pH automatic control system consists of an online pH monitoring probe, an alkali adding pump, an acid adding pump and a PLC (programmable logic controller), wherein the acid liquid and the alkali liquid are connected with the acid adding pump and the alkali adding pump through pump pipes, and the other end of each pump pipe is connected with an acid adding port and an alkali adding port of the shortcut nitrification reactor. The online pH data is transmitted to the PLC in real time, and the acid adding pump and the alkali adding pump are connected with the PLC and the controller through the RS485 communication interface, so that the pH in the short-cut nitrification reactor is ensured to be within the range of 8.0-8.5; the hydraulic retention time automatic control system is controlled by a water inlet pump, an ammonia nitrogen online monitoring probe and a PLC together, online ammonia nitrogen monitoring data are transmitted to the PLC in real time, the PLC starts a timer to automatically time, and hydraulic retention time of each reaction stage is automatically output when the reaction is finished.
The nitrifying sludge used in the invention is not limited to the source, and all sludge with the nitrifying function can be used for starting the short-cut nitrification reactor.
The method for realizing the automatic control of the short-cut nitrification of the low-concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater comprises the following steps:
1. starting of nitration shortcut nitration reactor
Nitrifying sludge (the nitrifying sludge can take ammonia nitrogen as an electron donor and oxygen as an electron acceptor to react to generate oxygen-And NO3-Preferably, nitrified sludge from an aerobic reaction device of a sewage treatment plant) is inoculated into the short-cut nitrification reactor, and the temperature of the short-cut nitrification reactor is controlled to be 30 ℃. The ammonia nitrogen concentration of the inlet water of the short-cut nitrification reactor is 50mg/L, the initial value of the hydraulic retention time is 24h, and the adjustment is carried out according to the activity of the short-cut nitrification reactor.
2. Automated control of hydraulic retention time
When a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) is adopted to operate the short-cut nitrification process, the reaction is divided into four stages, namely water inlet, reaction, precipitation and water outlet. The water inlet time length, the precipitation time length and the water outlet time length are fixed, the reaction stage time length is determined by the running state of the shortcut nitrification reactor, when the water inlet pump of the SBR stops, the PLC starts automatic timing, when the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the shortcut nitrification reactor is half of the reaction start time, the reaction stops, the reaction time length is automatically calculated and output, and the PLC outputs the hydraulic retention time value according to the time of the four stages. The hydraulic retention time can be adjusted according to the reaction state by applying an automatic monitoring and control system so as to avoid the phenomenon that the nitrite nitrogen generated by the reaction is further oxidized into nitrate nitrogen due to overlong hydraulic retention time, which cannot be realized in the traditional condition control.
3. Automatic regulation of dissolved oxygen
The setting value of the dissolved oxygen in the shortcut nitrification reactor is between 0.15 and 0.3mg/L, the dissolved oxygen is between 0.15 and 0.3mg/L under the condition of higher ammonia nitrogen concentration (30 to 50mg/L), and the dissolved oxygen is between 0.1 and 0.15mg/L under the condition of lower ammonia nitrogen concentration (0 to 30 mg/L). The numerical value of the dissolved oxygen on-line monitoring probe is transmitted to the PLC in real time, and the PLC starts or stops the aeration device according to a set value so as to reach a preset dissolved oxygen value. If the dissolved oxygen value is monitored to be larger than 0.3mg/L on line, the aeration pump is closed until the dissolved oxygen is reduced to be 0.15mg/L, and if the dissolved oxygen value is smaller than 0.15mg/L, the aeration value is increased until the dissolved oxygen is increased to be 0.15 mg/L. When the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the shortcut nitrification reactor is 0-30mg/L, setting the dissolved oxygen to be 0.1-0.15mg/L, if the online monitoring dissolved oxygen value is more than 0.15mg/L, closing the aeration pump until the dissolved oxygen is reduced to 0.1mg/L, and if the dissolved oxygen value is less than 0.1mg/L, increasing the aeration quantity until the dissolved oxygen is increased to 0.1 mg/L. And increasing or decreasing the aeration amount according to the real-time ammonia nitrogen concentration and the dissolved oxygen concentration in the shortcut nitrification reactor to keep the dissolved oxygen at the set concentration.
Automatic adjustment of pH
The pH value set value in the shortcut nitrification reactor is 8.0-8.5, the numerical value of the pH on-line monitoring probe is transmitted to the PLC in real time, when the pH value in the shortcut nitrification reactor is less than 8.0, the PLC starts the alkali adding pump until the pH value is increased to 8.0, and when the pH value in the shortcut nitrification reactor is less than 8.5, the PLC starts the acid adding pump until the pH value is decreased to 8.5.
5. Establishment and stable operation of short-cut nitrification
The on-line monitoring probe is utilized to monitor the concentration of dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the shortcut nitrification reactor in real time, and the shortcut nitrification reactor is normally operated under a stable state by combining the real-time control of an automatic control program.
Principle of the technology
The short-cut nitration reaction controls the nitration process in a nitrosation stage, and prevents the nitration process from being further oxidized into nitrate. By combining the shortcut nitrification with the anaerobic ammonia oxidation and denitrification technology, the nitrogen removal load is effectively improved, the output of excess sludge is reduced, and the water treatment cost is greatly reduced. The conventional nitrification process comprises two steps, firstly, ammonia nitrogen in the wastewater is oxidized into nitrite nitrogen by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (ammonia oxidizing bacteria), and then the nitrite nitrogen is converted into nitrate nitrogen under the action of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (nitrite oxidizing bacteria). Therefore, in order to achieve nitrosation accumulation, it is necessary to promote the growth of ammonia oxidizing bacteria to the maximum extent, to increase the activity thereof, and to inhibit or elute nitrite oxidizing bacteria. The main idea of controlling the semi-nitrification is to utilize the difference of the physiological characteristics of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and nitrite oxidizing bacteria and control reaction process parameters such as dissolved oxygen, sludge retention time, pH, temperature, alkalinity and the like to increase the growth of the ammonia oxidizing bacteria and intercept or inhibit the growth of the nitrite oxidizing bacteria.
Utilize on-line monitoring device, can carry out reasonable aeration according to ammonia nitrogen concentration in the short distance nitration reactor, both guarantee that ammonia oxidizing bacteria's activity is not influenced, can avoid nitrite nitrogen further oxidation to nitrate nitrogen again, simultaneously can also the hydraulic power dwell time of accurate control short distance nitration reactor, avoid appearing because of the condition that the aquatic ammonia nitrogen concentration is low and can not satisfy anaerobic ammonia oxidation matrix demand, also can reduce to a certain extent and make nitrite nitrogen further oxidation to the possibility of nitrate nitrogen because of hydraulic power dwell time overlength, on-line monitoring can also guarantee that short distance nitration reactor's pH is in optimum range, these are that traditional condition can not do, control the condition more accurately and make short distance nitration can the steady operation.
Compared with the prior art, the automatic control device and the method for realizing the short-cut nitrification of the low-concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater have the following advantages:
1. compared with the traditional biological denitrification process, the process has the advantages of high nitrogen removal load, no need of adding an organic carbon source additionally, no need of aeration, small residual sludge amount, small occupied area, simple process flow and low capital construction and operation cost.
2, the aeration quantity is adjusted according to the ammonia nitrogen concentration, so that the activity of ammonia oxidizing bacteria is not influenced, and further oxidation of nitrite nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen can be avoided.
3, the hydraulic retention time of the shortcut nitrification reactor can be accurately controlled by utilizing an online monitoring system, the condition that the requirement of an anaerobic ammonia oxidation matrix cannot be met due to too low concentration of the ammonia nitrogen in the effluent is avoided, and the possibility that the nitrite nitrogen is further oxidized into nitrate nitrogen due to too long hydraulic retention time can be reduced to a certain extent.
4 short-cut nitrification is an acid-producing reaction, the pH of the system is gradually reduced along with the reaction, and the pH is kept in an optimal range at all times by adopting on-line monitoring, so that the establishment of the short-cut nitrification is facilitated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present apparatus. The system comprises a water inlet bottle 1, a water inlet peristaltic pump 2, a caustic soda bottle 3, a caustic soda adding peristaltic pump 4, a shortcut nitrification reactor 5, a water bath water outlet 6, an acid adding port 7, a water outlet 8, a vent port 9, a water bath water inlet 10, a water inlet 11, a caustic soda adding port 12, a probe 13, a baffle 14, an aeration disc 15, an acid adding peristaltic pump 16, an acid soda bottle 17, a water outlet peristaltic pump 18, a water outlet bottle 19, a pressure pump 20, a water bath pot 21, a PLC 22, a flow meter 23, a water bath heating jacket 24 and a stirring paddle 25.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a short-cut nitrification reactor. The device comprises a water bath water outlet 6, an acid adding port 7, a water outlet 8, a vent port 9, a water bath water inlet 10, a water inlet 11, an alkali adding port 12, a probe 13, a baffle 14, an aeration disc 15 and a water bath heating jacket 24.
The shape of the device of the present invention is not limited by this figure, and only the shape change is within the scope of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings: as shown in figure 2, an automatic control device and a method for realizing short-cut nitrification of low-concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater are disclosed: the device consists of 5 parts, namely a short-cut nitrification reactor, a water inlet system, a water outlet system, a water bath circulating system and an automatic control system.
The short-cut nitrification reactor (5) is cylindrical in shape and made of organic glass, the effective volume of the short-cut nitrification reactor is 8L, a water inlet (11), a water outlet (8), an acid adding port (7) and an alkali adding port (12) are uniformly arranged in the front and at the back of the short-cut nitrification reactor (5) after the name is noticed, a water bath heating jacket (24) is arranged on the outer layer, and the temperature of the short-cut nitrification reactor (5) is maintained to be 30 ℃. The bottom of the short-cut nitrification reactor (5) is provided with a circular aeration disc (15), the aeration disc is connected with an aeration port of the short-cut nitrification reactor (5) through a latex tube to supply oxygen, the top end of the short-cut nitrification reactor (5) is provided with a stirring slurry (25), the stirring is favorable for the transfer and the uniform reaction of the substrate in the short-cut nitrification reactor, and the stirring speed is set to be 200-300rpm when the device is operated. The round hole of reserving three installation probe (13) is covered in short distance nitration reactor (5), and in all probe (13) inserted the round hole with vertical mode, short distance nitration reactor (5) inner wall was equipped with baffle (14), is located probe (13) under to the bubble that produces when blockking the aeration influences the accuracy of reading with probe (13) direct contact.
The water inlet system comprises a water inlet bottle (1) and a water inlet peristaltic pump (2). The water inlet bottle (1) is connected with the water inlet peristaltic pump (2) through a pump pipe, and the other end of the pump pipe is connected with a water inlet (11) of the short-distance nitration reactor (5). The water inlet peristaltic pump (2) is connected with the PLC (22) through an RS485 communication port, and water is automatically fed after each reaction period begins.
The water outlet system comprises a water outlet peristaltic pump (18) and a water outlet bottle (19). One end of a pump pipe of the water outlet peristaltic pump (18) is connected with a water outlet (8) of the short-distance nitration reactor (5), and the other end is communicated into a water outlet bottle (19). The water outlet peristaltic pump (18) is connected with the PLC (22) through an RS485 communication port, and water is automatically discharged after each reaction period is finished.
The water bath circulating system consists of a water bath pot (21) and a pressure pump (20), constant-temperature water flows through the water bath pot (21), the pressure pump (20) and a water bath heating jacket (24) of the short-cut nitrification reactor to form a closed circulating loop, and the temperature in the short-cut nitrification reactor (5) is constantly 30 ℃ so as to ensure the realization of short-cut nitrification. The water bath pot (21) is connected with a pressure pump (20), and the constant-temperature water is pumped into the water bath inlet (10) of the shortcut nitrification reactor under the action of the pressure pump (20). A water bath water inlet (10) and a water bath water outlet (6) of the short-cut nitration reactor are communicated with a water bath heating jacket (24), the water bath water outlet (6) is connected with a water bath pot (21), and the constant temperature water flows back to the water bath pot (21) again. Namely, the constant temperature water in the water bath pot (21) flows to the water bath jacket (24) through the pressure pump (20) and the water bath water inlet (10), then flows to the water bath water outlet (6) of the short-cut nitrification reactor from the water bath jacket (24) and flows back to the water bath pot (21), thus forming a circulating water bath system.
The automatic control system comprises automatic control of dissolved oxygen, pH and hydraulic retention time. Wherein the dissolved oxygen automatic control system is formed by an ammonia nitrogen online monitoring probe (13), a dissolved oxygen online monitoring probe (13), an aeration pump and a PLC (22) which are inconsistent in the front and back, if the components are different, a first component and a second component are used for distinguishing and controlling together, and the aeration pump is connected with an aeration disc at the bottom of the shortcut nitrification reactor (5) through a latex tube. Online ammonia nitrogen and dissolved oxygen data are transmitted to a PLC (22) in real time, and an aeration pump is connected with the PLC (22) and a controller through an RS485 communication interface to ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the shortcut nitrification reactor is at a set concentration; the pH automatic control system is composed of an online pH online monitoring probe (13), an alkali adding pump (4), an acid adding pump (16) and a PLC (programmable logic controller) (22), wherein acid liquid and alkali liquid are connected with the acid adding pump (16) and the alkali adding pump (4) through pump pipes, and the other end of each pump pipe is connected with an acid adding port (7) and an alkali adding port (12) of the shortcut nitrification reactor. Online pH data are transmitted to a PLC (22) in real time, and an acid adding pump (16) and an alkali adding pump (4) are connected with the PLC (22) and a controller through an RS485 communication interface, so that the pH in the short-cut nitrification reactor is ensured to be within the range of 8.0-8.5; the hydraulic retention time automatic control system is controlled by the water inlet peristaltic pump (2), the ammonia nitrogen online monitoring probe (13) and the PLC (22) together, online ammonia nitrogen monitoring data are transmitted to the PLC (22) in real time, the PLC (22) starts a timer to automatically time, and hydraulic retention time of each reaction stage is automatically output when the reaction is finished.
The specific operation method comprises the following steps:
1. starting of nitration shortcut nitration reactor
Nitrifying sludge (the nitrifying sludge can take ammonia nitrogen as an electron donor and oxygen as an electron acceptor to react to generate N oxygen-And NO3-Preferably, nitrified sludge from an aerobic reaction device of a sewage treatment plant) into a short-cut nitrification reactorThe temperature of the short distance nitration reactor is controlled to be 30 ℃. The ammonia nitrogen concentration of the inlet water of the short-cut nitrification reactor is 50mg/L, the initial value of the hydraulic retention time is 24h, and the adjustment is carried out according to the activity of the short-cut nitrification reactor.
2. Automated control of hydraulic retention time
When the SBR short-cut nitrification process is adopted, the reaction is divided into four stages, namely water inlet, reaction, precipitation and water outlet. The water inlet time length, the precipitation time length and the water outlet time length are fixed, the reaction stage time length is determined by the running state of the shortcut nitrification reactor, when the water inlet pump of the SBR stops, the PLC starts automatic timing, when the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the shortcut nitrification reactor is half of the reaction start time, the reaction stops, the reaction time length is automatically calculated and output, and the PLC outputs the hydraulic retention time value according to the time of the four stages. The hydraulic retention time can be adjusted according to the reaction state by applying an automatic monitoring and control system so as to avoid the phenomenon that the nitrite nitrogen generated by the reaction is further oxidized into nitrate nitrogen due to overlong hydraulic retention time, which cannot be realized in the traditional condition control.
3. Automatic regulation of dissolved oxygen
The setting value of the dissolved oxygen in the shortcut nitrification reactor is between 0.15 and 0.3mg/L, the dissolved oxygen is between 0.15 and 0.3mg/L under the condition of higher ammonia nitrogen concentration (30 to 50mg/L), and the dissolved oxygen is between 0.1 and 0.15mg/L under the condition of lower ammonia nitrogen concentration (0 to 30 mg/L). The numerical value of the dissolved oxygen on-line monitoring probe is transmitted to the PLC in real time, and the PLC starts or stops the aeration device according to a set value so as to reach a preset dissolved oxygen value. If the dissolved oxygen value is monitored to be larger than 0.3mg/L on line, the aeration pump is closed until the dissolved oxygen is reduced to be 0.15mg/L, and if the dissolved oxygen value is smaller than 0.15mg/L, the aeration value is increased until the dissolved oxygen is increased to be 0.15 mg/L. When the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the shortcut nitrification reactor is 0-30mg/L, setting the dissolved oxygen to be 0.1-0.15mg/L, if the online monitoring dissolved oxygen value is more than 0.15mg/L, closing the aeration pump until the dissolved oxygen is reduced to 0.1mg/L, and if the dissolved oxygen value is less than 0.1mg/L, increasing the aeration quantity until the dissolved oxygen is increased to 0.1 mg/L. And increasing or decreasing the aeration amount according to the real-time ammonia nitrogen concentration and the dissolved oxygen concentration in the shortcut nitrification reactor to keep the dissolved oxygen at the set concentration.
Automatic adjustment of pH
The pH value set value in the shortcut nitrification reactor is 8.0-8.5, the numerical value of the pH on-line monitoring probe is transmitted to the PLC in real time, when the pH value in the shortcut nitrification reactor is less than 8.0, the PLC starts the alkali adding pump until the pH value is increased to 8.0, and when the pH value in the shortcut nitrification reactor is less than 8.5, the PLC starts the acid adding pump until the pH value is decreased to 8.5.
5. Establishment and stable operation of short-cut nitrification
The on-line monitoring probe is utilized to monitor the concentration of dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the shortcut nitrification reactor in real time, and the shortcut nitrification reactor is normally operated under a stable state by combining the real-time control of an automatic control program.
Claims (3)
1. An automatic control method of an automatic control device for realizing the shortcut nitrification of low-concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater is characterized in that the device consists of 5 parts of a shortcut nitrification reactor, a water inlet system, a water outlet system, a water bath circulation system and an automatic control system; the short-cut nitrification reactor is provided with a water inlet, a water outlet, an aeration port, an acid adding port and an alkali adding port, a water bath heating jacket is arranged on the outer layer, a round aeration disc is arranged at the bottom of the short-cut nitrification reactor, the aeration disc is connected with the aeration port of the short-cut nitrification reactor through a latex tube to supply oxygen, stirring slurry is arranged at the top end of the short-cut nitrification reactor, three round holes for mounting probes are reserved on a cover of the short-cut nitrification reactor, all the probes are inserted into the round holes in a vertical mode, and a baffle is arranged on the inner wall of the short-cut nitrification reactor and positioned right below the probes to prevent bubbles generated during aeration from directly contacting the probes to influence the accuracy; the water inlet system and the water outlet system comprise water inlet bottles, water outlet bottles and peristaltic pumps; the water inlet bottle is connected with a water inlet peristaltic pump through a pump pipe, and the other end of the pump pipe is connected with a water inlet of the short-cut nitrification reactor; one end of a plastic pipe of the water outlet peristaltic pump is connected with the water outlet of the short-cut nitrification reactor, and the other end of the plastic pipe is communicated into the water outlet bottle; the water inlet peristaltic pump and the water outlet peristaltic pump are connected with the PLC through the RS485 communication port, automatically feed water and discharge water according to the nitrogen concentration of the reactor, and reasonably control HRT; the automatic control system comprises automatic control of dissolved oxygen, pH and hydraulic retention time; the system comprises a dissolved oxygen automatic control system, a short-cut nitrification reactor and a control system, wherein the dissolved oxygen automatic control system consists of an ammonia nitrogen online monitoring probe, a dissolved oxygen online monitoring probe, an aeration pump and a PLC (programmable logic controller), and the aeration pump is connected with an aeration disc at the bottom of the short-cut nitrification reactor through a latex tube; online ammonia nitrogen and dissolved oxygen data are transmitted to a PLC (programmable logic controller) in real time, and an aeration pump is connected with the PLC and a controller through an RS485 communication interface, so that the dissolved oxygen in the shortcut nitrification reactor is ensured to be at a set concentration; the pH automatic control system consists of an online pH monitoring probe, an alkali adding pump, an acid adding pump and a PLC (programmable logic controller), wherein the acid liquid and the alkali liquid are connected with the acid adding pump and the alkali adding pump through pump pipes, and the other end of each pump pipe is connected with an acid adding port and an alkali adding port of the shortcut nitrification reactor; the online pH data is transmitted to the PLC in real time, and the acid adding pump and the alkali adding pump are connected with the PLC and the controller through the RS485 communication interface, so that the pH in the short-cut nitrification reactor is ensured to be within the range of 8.0-8.5; the hydraulic retention time automatic control system is controlled by a water inlet pump, an ammonia nitrogen online monitoring probe and a PLC together, online ammonia nitrogen monitoring data are transmitted to the PLC in real time, the PLC starts a timer to automatically time, and hydraulic retention time of each reaction stage is automatically output when the reaction is finished; the automatic regulation and control of pH, HRT and dissolved oxygen are realized by combining the automatic control system with the automatic detection result of the corresponding index; the automatic control method comprises the following steps: adjusting the concentration of dissolved oxygen in real time according to ammonia nitrogen data monitored on line, wherein the dissolved oxygen is set to be between 0.15 and 0.3mg/L under the condition of ammonia nitrogen concentration of 30 to 50mg/L, and the dissolved oxygen is set to be between 0.1 and 0.15mg/L under the condition of ammonia nitrogen concentration of 0 to 30 mg/L; the numerical value of the dissolved oxygen on-line monitoring probe is transmitted to the PLC in real time, and the PLC starts or stops the aeration device according to a set value to reach a preset dissolved oxygen value, so that the dissolved oxygen in the reactor is always in the optimum concentration; reasonable aeration is carried out according to the real-time ammonia nitrogen concentration in the shortcut nitrification reactor, so that the activity of ammonia oxidizing bacteria is prevented from being inhibited when the dissolved oxygen is insufficient, the shortcut nitrification efficiency is improved, and further oxidation of nitrite nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen due to overhigh dissolved oxygen concentration can be avoided.
2. The automatic control method of the automatic control device for realizing the shortcut nitrification of the low-concentration ammonia-nitrogen wastewater as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pH is adjusted in real time according to the pH data monitored on line, the set value of the pH in the shortcut nitrification reactor is 8.0-8.5, the numerical value of the pH on-line monitoring probe is transmitted to the PLC in real time, when the pH value in the shortcut nitrification reactor is less than 8.0, the PLC starts the alkali adding pump until the pH value is increased to 8.0, and when the pH value in the shortcut nitrification reactor is more than 8.5, the PLC starts the acid adding pump until the pH value is decreased to 8.5; the system is always in the most suitable pH value through the real-time pH monitoring and automatic control system.
3. The automatic control method of the automatic control device for realizing the shortcut nitrification of the low-concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydraulic retention time is adjusted in real time according to the ammonia nitrogen data monitored on line, when the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the shortcut nitrification reactor is automatically monitored to be half of the reaction start time, the PLC immediately and automatically controls the end of a reaction period, calculates and outputs the reaction duration and the hydraulic retention time value, thereby accurately controlling the hydraulic retention time of the shortcut nitrification reactor, avoiding the condition that the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the effluent is too low to meet the requirement of anaerobic ammonia oxidation substrates, and reducing the further oxidation of nitrite nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen due to too long hydraulic retention time.
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