CN108046259B - Preparation method of coarse-grained chromium carbide powder - Google Patents
Preparation method of coarse-grained chromium carbide powder Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The preparation method of the coarse-grained chromium carbide powder can simplify the process, save energy consumption, improve the qualified rate of the powder making process and better meet the requirements of preparing new wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant and high-temperature oxidation-resistant materials in the industries of hard-face materials, flux-cored wires, high-temperature alloys and the like, and comprises the following steps: adding chromium oxide powder and carbon ingredients into a binder and uniformly mixing; after mixing uniformly, forming by a press; placing the formed material block in a graphite crucible of a high-temperature vacuum induction heating furnace, vacuumizing, and heating by power transmission to maintain the vacuum degree within 200-400 Pa; carrying out vacuum carbonization reaction on chromium sesquioxide powder and carbon to generate chromium carbide, controlling the carbonization reaction temperature to be 1350-1550 ℃, and carrying out carbonization reaction for 8-15 hours; after the vacuum degree is less than 100Pa, the carbonization reaction is finished, argon is filled into the furnace, the pressure in the furnace is controlled to be 40-80 kPa, and then the heating power is increased to melt the chromium carbide sintered body, so that a chromium carbide molten ingot is obtained; crushing the chromium carbide molten ingot into particles with the particle size of less than 10mm by a mechanical method, pulverizing by an impact crusher, and passing through a 60-mesh sieve to prepare coarse-particle-size chromium carbide powder.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vacuum metallurgy, and particularly relates to a preparation method of coarse-grained chromium carbide powder.
Background
Chromium carbide is an inorganic cermet material with good wear resistance, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, high melting point (1870 ℃) and high bonding strength in a high-temperature environment (1000-1100 ℃), and is widely used as a thermal spraying material for a metal surface protection process, a welding rod for surfacing or a flux-cored wire and a hard alloy additive due to the special high-temperature performance of the chromium carbide.
In the existing preparation technology for preparing chromium carbide powder by carbonizing chromium sesquioxide with carbon, the equipment adopts a traditional resistance heating carbon tube furnace, and the carbonization process uses hydrogen to protect carbonization. The method has the advantages that the carbonization temperature is 1300-1500 ℃, the temperature is lower than the melting point of chromium carbide, the chromium carbide produced by reaction is loose or sintered, the powder is prepared by a mechanical crushing method, the powder granularity is fine, the mass proportion of 60-200 meshes of powder is 5-20%, and the use requirements of high-temperature alloy, hard-surface materials and flux-cored wires in the industry cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a preparation method of coarse-grained chromium carbide powder, which can realize continuous carbonization and ingot casting melting, simplifies the process, saves energy consumption, and better meets the requirements of preparing new wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant and high-temperature oxidation-resistant materials in the industries of hard-surface materials, flux-cored wires, high-temperature alloys and the like.
The invention relates to a preparation method of coarse-grained chromium carbide powder, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one
Mixing chromium oxide powder and carbon according to a mass ratio of 1: 0.3-1: 0.4 proportion, adding the binder according to the proportion of 1-3 percent of the mass of the chromium oxide powder and the carbon mixture, and uniformly mixing; the uniformly mixed materials are formed by a press machine, and the forming pressure is 5-8 KN/cm2The forming shape is cylindrical or pellet-shaped, and the forming material block is placed in a drying chamber for drying, wherein the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the drying time is 60-80 hours;
step two
Placing the formed material block in a graphite crucible of a high-temperature vacuum induction heating furnace, vacuumizing until the vacuum degree is less than 40Pa, heating by power transmission, continuously vacuumizing during the heating process, and maintaining the vacuum degree within the range of 200-400 Pa; carrying out vacuum carbonization reaction on chromium sesquioxide powder and carbon to generate chromium carbide, controlling the carbonization reaction temperature to be 1350-1550 ℃, and carrying out carbonization reaction for 8-15 hours; after the vacuum degree is less than 100Pa, the carbonization reaction is finished, argon is filled into the furnace, the pressure in the furnace is controlled to be 40-80 kPa, and then the heating power is increased to melt the chromium carbide sintered body, so that a chromium carbide molten ingot is obtained; step three
Crushing the chromium carbide molten ingot into particles with the particle size of less than 10mm by a mechanical method, pulverizing by an impact crusher, passing through a 60-mesh sieve to prepare coarse-particle chromium carbide powder, and passing through the 60-mesh sieve to prepare the coarse-particle chromium carbide powder.
And step two, in the temperature rise process, gradually increasing the heating power and raising the temperature according to a gradient, wherein the temperature rise process is divided into three gradients of 700-900 ℃, 1000-1200 ℃ and 1350-1550 ℃, the temperature rise speed of a 700-900 ℃ gradient section is 200-300 ℃ rise speed per hour, the temperature rise speed of a 1000-1200 ℃ gradient section is 100-200 ℃ rise speed per hour, the temperature rise speed of a 1350-1550 ℃ gradient section is 50-100 ℃ rise speed per hour, and the temperature preservation is carried out for 1-2 hours at 1350-1550 ℃.
And in the second step, the heating power is increased, the temperature of the graphite crucible is maintained at 1700-1900 ℃, the power is cut off and the temperature is reduced after the graphite crucible is maintained for 5-15 minutes, and the carbonization reaction and the melting of the cast ingot are continuously carried out.
In the first step, the purity of the chromium sesquioxide powder is more than 99 percent, and the granularity is less than 0.15 mm.
The carbon in the step one is one or a mixture of graphite powder and carbon black in any proportion, and the purity of the carbon is more than 99%.
The binder in the step one is one of methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and phenolic resin.
And step two, lining graphite paper in the graphite crucible.
The purity of the argon is more than 99.99 percent.
The reaction mechanism of the invention is as follows:
the main equation of the reaction of the chromium oxide and the carbon is
Cr2O3+81/23C＝2/23Cr23C6+3CO (1)
Cr2O3+27/7C＝2/7Cr7C3+3CO (2)
Cr2O3+13/3C＝2/3Cr3C2+3CO (3)
The theoretical carbon content of chromium carbide in the reaction formula (1) is 5.68 percent, the theoretical carbon content of chromium carbide in the reaction formula (2) is 9.00 percent, the theoretical carbon content is 1:0.30, the theoretical carbon content of chromium carbide in the reaction formula (3) is 13.33 percent, and the theoretical carbon content is 1: 0.34. The carbon addition amount in the actual preparation process is 5-20% excessive, so that the complete carbonization reaction is ensured, and the melting of a chromium carbide sintered body and the carbon loss in the ingot casting process are avoided.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the carbonization and the melting of the ingot casting process are continuously carried out, the process is simplified, the energy consumption is saved, and meanwhile, compared with a chromium carbide sintered body, the chromium carbide melting ingot casting is more beneficial to mechanical crushing to obtain coarse-grained chromium carbide powder, the qualified rate of the powder making process is improved, and the requirements of industries such as hard surface materials, flux-cored wires, high-temperature alloys and the like for preparing new wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant and high-temperature oxidation-resistant materials are better met.
Detailed Description
Example 1
1. Mixing chromium oxide powder and graphite powder according to a mass ratio of 1: weighing 5kg of chromium oxide powder and 1.6kg of graphite powder according to the proportion of 0.32, mixing, wherein the purity of the chromium oxide powder is 99.1 percent, the granularity is less than 0.15mm, the purity of the graphite powder is 99.1 percent, adding a carboxymethyl cellulose binder accounting for 2 percent of the mass of the mixture, and uniformly mixing; the evenly mixed materials are molded by a press with the molding pressure of 5.5KN/cm2The molding shape is cylindrical; the formed material block is placed in a drying chamber with the temperature of 60 ℃ for drying for 80 hours.
2. Lining 2 layers of graphite paper at the bottom and the circumference of a graphite crucible in a high-temperature vacuum induction heating furnace, and then loading the graphite crucible into a dried forming material block, wherein the height of the material block is 2/3 of the height of the crucible; vacuumizing, feeding power and heating at the vacuum degree of 35Pa, continuously vacuumizing in the heating process, and maintaining the vacuum degree within the range of 200-400 Pa; setting the carbonization temperature to 1400 ℃, gradually increasing the heating power and raising the temperature according to the gradient, wherein the temperature raising process is divided into three gradients of 800 ℃, 1100 ℃ and 1400 ℃, the temperature is raised at the speed of raising the temperature by 200 ℃ per hour in the gradient section of room temperature to 800 ℃, the temperature is raised at the speed of raising the temperature by 130 ℃ per hour in the gradient section of 800-1100 ℃, the temperature is raised at the speed of raising the temperature by 50 ℃ per hour, the temperature is maintained for 2 hours when the temperature reaches 1400 ℃, the carbonization time is 14.5 hours, and the vacuum degree is 90Pa, so that the carbonization reaction is completed; filling argon into the furnace, wherein the purity of the argon is 99.991%, the pressure in the furnace reaches 50kPa, improving the heating power, keeping the temperature of the graphite crucible at 1700-1900 ℃, and cutting off the power to reduce the temperature after keeping for 10 minutes; and cooling to room temperature, discharging, pouring the graphite paper and the chromium carbide molten ingot in the graphite crucible, and stripping the graphite paper to obtain the chromium carbide molten ingot.
3. Crushing the chromium carbide melt ingot into particles with the particle size of less than 10mm by using a jaw crusher, pulverizing by using an impact crusher, and passing through a 60-mesh sieve to prepare coarse-particle-size chromium carbide powder.
The main chemical components and the particle size of the product are determined as follows:
chemical components: cr: 89.32%, C: 9.85 percent and the purity of the chromium carbide is 99.17 percent.
And (3) detecting the granularity: the powder of 60 meshes accounts for 3.4 percent of +60 meshes, 65.2 percent of-60 meshes-200 meshes and 31.4 percent of-200 meshes.
Example 2
1. Mixing chromium oxide powder and graphite powder according to a mass ratio of 1: weighing 5kg of chromium oxide powder and 1.65kg of graphite powder according to the proportion of 0.33, mixing, wherein the purity of the chromium oxide powder is 99.2 percent, the granularity is less than 0.15mm, the purity of the graphite powder is 99.2 percent, adding a carboxymethyl cellulose binder accounting for 2 percent of the mass of the mixture, and uniformly mixing; the evenly mixed materials are formed by a press with the forming pressure of 6KN/cm2The molding shape is cylindrical; the formed material block is dried in a drying chamber at the temperature of 70 ℃ for 70 hours.
2. Lining 2 layers of graphite paper at the bottom and the circumference of a graphite crucible in a high-temperature vacuum induction heating furnace, and then loading the graphite crucible into a dried forming material block, wherein the height of the material block is 2/3 of the height of the crucible; vacuumizing, feeding power and heating at the vacuum degree of 30Pa, continuously vacuumizing in the heating process, and maintaining the vacuum degree within the range of 200-400 Pa; setting the carbonization temperature to 1450 ℃, gradually increasing the heating power and raising the temperature according to the gradient, wherein the temperature raising process is divided into three gradients of 750 ℃, 1050 ℃ and 1450 ℃, the temperature raising is carried out at the speed of raising the temperature of a gradient section between the room temperature and 750 ℃ by 250 ℃ per hour, the temperature raising is carried out at the speed of raising the temperature of the gradient section between 750 ℃ and 1050 ℃ by 150 ℃ per hour, the temperature raising is carried out at the speed of raising the temperature of the gradient section between 1050 ℃ and 1450 ℃ by 70 ℃ per hour, the temperature is kept at 1450 ℃ for 1 hour, the carbonization time is 12 hours; filling argon into the furnace, wherein the purity of the argon is 99.992%, the pressure in the furnace reaches 70kPa, improving the heating power, keeping the temperature of the graphite crucible at 1700-1900 ℃, and cutting off the power to reduce the temperature after keeping for 8 minutes; and cooling to room temperature, discharging, pouring the graphite paper and the chromium carbide molten ingot in the graphite crucible, and stripping the graphite paper to obtain the chromium carbide molten ingot.
3. Crushing the chromium carbide melt ingot into particles with the particle size of less than 10mm by using a jaw crusher, pulverizing by using an impact crusher, and passing through a 60-mesh sieve to prepare coarse-particle-size chromium carbide powder.
The main chemical components and the particle size of the product are determined as follows:
chemical components: cr: 88.81%, C: 10.51 percent and the purity of the chromium carbide is 99.32 percent.
And (3) detecting the granularity: the 60-mesh powder accounts for 4.5 percent of +60 meshes, 67.6 percent of-60-200 meshes and 27.9 percent of-200 meshes.
Example 3
1. Mixing chromium oxide powder and graphite powder according to a mass ratio of 1: weighing 5kg of chromium oxide powder and 1.8kg of graphite powder according to the proportion of 0.36, mixing, adding a carboxymethyl cellulose binder with the mass of 2 percent of the mixture, and uniformly mixing, wherein the purity of the chromium oxide powder is 99.3 percent, the granularity is less than 0.15mm, and the purity of the graphite powder is 99.3 percent; the evenly mixed materials are molded by a press with the molding pressure of 8KN/cm2The molding shape is cylindrical; the formed material block is placed in a drying chamber with the temperature of 80 ℃ to be dried for 60 hours.
2. Lining 2 layers of graphite paper at the bottom and the circumference of a graphite crucible in a high-temperature vacuum induction heating furnace, and then loading the graphite crucible into a dried forming material block, wherein the height of the material block is 2/3 of the height of the crucible; vacuumizing, wherein the vacuum degree is 20Pa, power is supplied, the temperature is raised, the vacuumizing is continued in the temperature raising process, and the vacuum degree is maintained within the range of 200-400 Pa; setting the carbonization temperature to be 1500 ℃, gradually increasing the heating power and raising the temperature according to a gradient, wherein the temperature raising process is divided into three gradients of 900 ℃, 1200 ℃ and 1500 ℃, the temperature raising is carried out at the speed of raising the temperature by 300 ℃ per hour in a gradient section of room temperature to 900 ℃, the temperature raising is carried out at the speed of raising the temperature by 180 ℃ per hour in a gradient section of 900-1200 ℃, the temperature raising is carried out at the speed of raising the temperature by 80 ℃ per hour, the temperature is kept for 1.5 hours at 1500 ℃, the carbonization time is 10 hours, and the vacuum degree is 60Pa, so that the carbonization reaction is; filling argon into the furnace, wherein the purity of the argon is 99.995%, the pressure in the furnace reaches 80kPa, improving the heating power, keeping the temperature of the graphite crucible at 1700-1900 ℃, keeping the temperature for 15 minutes, and then cutting off the power to reduce the temperature; and cooling to room temperature, discharging, pouring the graphite paper and the chromium carbide molten ingot in the graphite crucible, and stripping the graphite paper to obtain the chromium carbide molten ingot.
3. Crushing the chromium carbide melt ingot into particles with the particle size of less than 10mm by using a jaw crusher, pulverizing by using an impact crusher, and passing through a 60-mesh sieve to prepare coarse-particle-size chromium carbide powder.
The main chemical components and the particle size of the product are determined as follows:
chemical components: cr: 86.03%, C: 13.13 percent and the purity of the chromium carbide is 99.16 percent.
And (3) detecting the granularity: the powder of 60 meshes accounts for 2.7 percent of +60 meshes, 62.5 percent of-60 meshes-200 meshes and 34.8 percent of-200 meshes in mass ratio.
In the above examples 1 to 3, the purity of the carbon black for graphite powder or the mixture of graphite powder and carbon black was 99.2%.
In the above examples 1 to 3, the carboxymethyl cellulose was replaced with methyl cellulose or a phenol resin.
Comparative example
1. Mixing chromium oxide powder and graphite powder according to a mass ratio of 1: weighing 5kg of chromium oxide powder and 1.6kg of graphite powder according to the proportion of 0.32, mixing, wherein the purity of the chromium oxide powder is 99.1 percent, the granularity is less than 0.15mm, the purity of the graphite powder is 99.1 percent, adding a carboxymethyl cellulose binder accounting for 2 percent of the mass of the mixture, and uniformly mixing; the evenly mixed materials are molded by a press with the molding pressure of 5.5KN/cm2The molding shape is cylindrical; the formed material block is dried in a drying chamber at the temperature of 70 ℃ for 70 hours.
2. Lining 2 layers of graphite paper at the bottom and the circumference of a graphite crucible in a high-temperature vacuum induction heating furnace, and then loading the graphite crucible into a dried forming material block, wherein the height of the material block is close to 2/3 of the height of the crucible; vacuumizing, feeding power and heating at the vacuum degree of 35Pa, continuously vacuumizing in the heating process, and maintaining the vacuum degree within the range of 100-400 Pa; setting the carbonization temperature to 1400 ℃, gradually increasing the heating power and raising the temperature according to the gradient, wherein the temperature raising process is divided into three gradients of 800 ℃, 1100 ℃ and 1400 ℃, the temperature is raised at the speed of raising the temperature by 200 ℃ per hour in the gradient section of room temperature to 800 ℃, the temperature is raised at the speed of raising the temperature by 130 ℃ per hour in the gradient section of 800-1100 ℃, the temperature is raised at the speed of raising the temperature by 50 ℃ per hour in the gradient section of 1100-1400 ℃, the temperature is maintained for 2 hours when the temperature reaches 1400 ℃, and the carbonization time is 14.5 hours; finishing carbonization reaction under the vacuum degree of 90Pa, filling argon into the furnace, wherein the purity of the argon is 99.99 percent, the pressure in the furnace reaches 50kPa, and cutting off the power and reducing the temperature; and cooling to room temperature, discharging, pouring the graphite paper and the chromium carbide sintered block in the graphite crucible, and stripping the graphite paper to obtain the chromium carbide sintered block.
3. Crushing the chromium carbide sintered blocks into particles with the particle size of less than 10mm by using a jaw crusher, pulverizing by using an impact crusher, and passing through a 60-mesh sieve to prepare chromium carbide powder.
The main chemical components and the particle size of the product are determined as follows:
chemical components: cr: 89.01%, C: 10.25 percent and the purity of the chromium carbide is 99.26 percent.
And (3) detecting the granularity: the powder of 60 meshes accounts for 0 percent by mass of +60 meshes, 18.5 percent by mass of-60 meshes to 200 meshes and 81.5 percent by mass of-200 meshes.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A preparation method of coarse-grained chromium carbide powder is characterized by comprising the following steps: the coarse-grained chromium carbide powder comprises the following main chemical components: cr: 86.03%, C: 13.13 percent and the purity of chromium carbide is 99.16 percent;
the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) weighing 5kg of chromium oxide powder and 1.8kg of graphite powder according to the mass ratio of 1:0.36, mixing, wherein the purity of the chromium oxide powder is 99.3%, the granularity is less than 0.15mm, the purity of the graphite powder is 99.3%, adding a carboxymethyl cellulose binder accounting for 2% of the mass of the mixture, and uniformly mixing; the evenly mixed materials are molded by a press with the molding pressure of 8KN/cm2The molding shape is cylindrical; the formed material block is placed in a drying chamber with the temperature of 80 ℃ to be dried for 60 hours;
(2) lining 2 layers of graphite paper at the bottom and the circumference of a graphite crucible in the high-temperature vacuum induction heating furnace, and then loading the graphite crucible into a dried forming material block, wherein the height of the material block is 2/3 of the height of the crucible; vacuumizing, wherein the vacuum degree is 20Pa, power is supplied, the temperature is raised, the vacuumizing is continued in the temperature raising process, and the vacuum degree is maintained within the range of 200-400 Pa; setting the carbonization temperature to be 1500 ℃, gradually increasing the heating power and raising the temperature according to a gradient, wherein the temperature raising process is divided into three gradients of 900 ℃, 1200 ℃ and 1500 ℃, the temperature is raised at a speed of raising the temperature by 300 ℃ per hour in a gradient section of room temperature to 900 ℃, the temperature is raised at a speed of raising the temperature by 180 ℃ per hour in a gradient section of 900-1200 ℃, the temperature is raised at a speed of raising the temperature by 80 ℃ per hour, the temperature is kept at 1500 ℃ for 1.5 hours, the carbonization time is 10 hours, and the vacuum degree is 60Pa, so that the carbonization reaction is completed; filling argon into the furnace, wherein the purity of the argon is 99.995%, the pressure in the furnace reaches 80kPa, improving the heating power, keeping the temperature of the graphite crucible at 1700-1900 ℃, keeping the temperature for 15 minutes, and then cutting off the power to reduce the temperature; cooling to room temperature, discharging, pouring the graphite paper and the chromium carbide molten ingot in the graphite crucible, and stripping the graphite paper to obtain the chromium carbide molten ingot;
(3) crushing the chromium carbide melt ingot into particles with the particle size of less than 10mm by using a jaw crusher, pulverizing by using an impact crusher, and passing through a 60-mesh sieve to prepare coarse-particle-size chromium carbide powder.
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| CN108793165A (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2018-11-13 | 台山市国峰耐磨金属科技有限公司 | A kind of production method of chromium carbide |
| CN111646511A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-09-11 | 民乐县锦世建材新材料有限责任公司 | Method for producing melt-blown chromium oxide by vacuum sintering |
| CN116253323A (en) * | 2023-03-16 | 2023-06-13 | 长沙众鑫达工具有限公司 | Chromium carbide preparation device and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1176224A (en) * | 1996-09-06 | 1998-03-18 | 汪兆泉 | Production process of chromium carbide |
| CN101624288A (en) * | 2009-08-07 | 2010-01-13 | 自贡市华刚硬质合金新材料有限公司 | Production method of coarse-grain Cr3C2 ceramic powder |
| CN102060296A (en) * | 2010-10-26 | 2011-05-18 | 锦州市金属材料研究所 | Production method of chrome carbide powder |
| CN102963895A (en) * | 2012-11-19 | 2013-03-13 | 锦州新桥高纯材料有限公司 | Preparation method of chromium carbide powder |
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| CN1176224A (en) * | 1996-09-06 | 1998-03-18 | 汪兆泉 | Production process of chromium carbide |
| CN101624288A (en) * | 2009-08-07 | 2010-01-13 | 自贡市华刚硬质合金新材料有限公司 | Production method of coarse-grain Cr3C2 ceramic powder |
| CN102060296A (en) * | 2010-10-26 | 2011-05-18 | 锦州市金属材料研究所 | Production method of chrome carbide powder |
| CN102963895A (en) * | 2012-11-19 | 2013-03-13 | 锦州新桥高纯材料有限公司 | Preparation method of chromium carbide powder |
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