CN108040488B - 液化流体储存罐 - Google Patents
液化流体储存罐 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种液化流体储存罐,该液化流体储存罐包括储存壁(1),该储存壁的内表面限定用于液化流体的储存容积,该罐包括用于使该罐中包含的流体冷却、尤其用于使所述流体的蒸气冷凝的交换器(2)。本发明的特征在于,该冷却交换器(2)包括金属的、尤其铝的团块(3),冷却剂回路的至少一个管道(4)被整合在该团块中以便使所述团块(3)冷却,并且该团块(3)与该储存壁(1)的外表面相接触并且被附接到该外表面上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种液化流体储存罐、并且涉及一种包括这种罐的冷却装置。
更具体地,本发明涉及一种液化流体储存罐,该液化流体储存罐包括储存壁,该储存壁的内表面限定用于液化流体的储存容积,该罐包括用于使该罐中包含的流体冷却、尤其用于使所述流体的蒸气冷凝的交换器。
本发明具体地涉及一种低温流体罐,该低温流体罐旨在储存低温(例如,低温温度)下的气体或气体混合物(尤其是氙或任何其他大气气体或其他气体)。
背景技术
低温罐总体上包括双壁结构,该双壁结构包括在两个壁之间的空气真空(例如,10-4mbar的压力)以及热绝缘体(例如,珍珠岩层和/或多层隔热件)。
具体地,当所储存的气体相对昂贵时并且为了避免将气体释放到大气中,已知的是提供一种冷却热交换器以便使罐中产生的蒸气冷凝(参见文件EP 2618038 A)。
然而,已知的解决方案增加了复杂度、成本以及安装体积。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是减轻上文所陈述的现有技术的全部或一些缺陷。
为此目的,在其他方面符合以上前序部分中给出的其一般定义的根据本发明的罐基本上的特征在于,冷却交换器包括金属的、尤其铝的团块,用于使所述团块冷却的热传递流体回路的至少一个管道被整合到该团块中,并且该团块与该储存壁的外表面相接触并且被附接到该外表面上。
此外,本发明的多个实施例可以包括以下特征中的一个特征或多个特征:
-该团块与该储存壁的上部部分的外表面相接触、并且被附接到该外表面上,
-该团块在0.04m2至4m2之间的面积上与该储存壁相接触,
-该团块具有表示介于8kg至10000kg之间的容积,
-该团块具有7kJ.m-3.K-1至9000kJ.m-3.K-1之间的比热容(恒定压力下的密度乘以热容)以及180W.m-1.K-1至220W.m-1.K-1之间的热导率,
-通过在熔融温度下将呈液态形式的金属浇铸到该储存壁上和该一个或多个管道周围来将该团块连结至该外壁和该一个或多个管道,即,该一个或多个管道被嵌入该团块中,该团块被包覆模制到该外壁和该一个或多个管道上,
-该罐包括至少一个金属板,该至少一个金属板被附接到该储存壁的外表面上并且相对于这个壁横向地突伸,该至少一个板包括至少一个弯曲部或切口,该团块被包覆模制到包括该一个或多个板的该外壁部分上,即,该一个或多个板被嵌入该团块中,
-该罐包括外壁,该外壁以在该储存壁周围间隔开的方式被安排,所述壁之间的空间以低于大气压力的压力被保持在真空条件下并且包括隔热层,
-该罐包括在该团块内形成多个环路或者锯齿部的一个或多个管道,
-横向突伸的板是指该板不完全平行于该壁的外表面,例如,该板在所考虑的位置处垂直于该壁的外表面,
-该罐包括流体回路,该流体回路包括用于抽取由该储存壁限定的容积内包含的流体的管道以及用于使流体返回至由该储存壁限定的容积的管道,
-该抽取管道包括用于加热该所抽取的流体的交换器,并且该返回管道包括用于返回至该罐的流体的冷却交换器,
-该抽取管道和该返回管道通过形成用于流体的流动环路来连结至用于净化该罐中的流体的应用或元件,在该环路中的流体经由该抽取管道被抽取、在该净化应用或元件中被净化、并且经由该返回管道返回至该罐。
本发明还涉及一种用于通过传递在液化流体与用户设备之间的制冷量来使所述用户设备冷却的装置,该装置包括液化流体储存罐以及用于从该罐传递流体并将流体传递至该罐的回路,该液化流体储存罐储存选自以下各项的低温流体:氙、氖、或任何其他低温流体,该罐包括管道及阀门系统,该罐是根据上述或下述特征中的任一特征的罐,该装置包括如液氮等热传递流体的源,该热传递流体回路的该至少一个管道被连结至所述热传递流体源。
本发明还可以涉及包括以上或以下特征的任何组合的任何替代装置或方法。
附图说明
其他具体特征和优点将在阅读下文中参照附图给出的说明时显现出来,在附图中:
-图1示出了展示根据本发明的罐的示例性实现方式的示意性及部分竖直截面视图,
-图2示出了展示安装下的根据附图的罐的使用的示意性及部分竖直截面视图,
-图3示出了根据一个有利实施例的图1中类型的罐的上部部分的示意性及部分竖直截面视图,
-图4示出了根据一个有利实施例的图1中类型的罐的储存壁的上部部分的透视图。
具体实施方式
图1中示出的液化流体储存罐包括如常规的(例如,总体上圆柱形形状的)储存壁1,该储存壁的内表面限定用于液化流体(处于蒸气/液体平衡储存的低温流体)的储存容积。
如以下参照图2所描述的,储存壁1可以优选地被容纳在外壁5内部,其中隔热系统处于壁1与壁5之间(真空和隔热层)。储存壁1还可以被容纳在真空或冷大气压下的腔室内部,该腔室可以使所储存的流体与热量输入尽可能地隔绝。
该罐具有例如50升至1000升之间的容积(例如,300升)。具体地,该罐可以储存在1.5巴绝对值下-101℃的温度下的液相的氙(处于两相蒸气/液体平衡)。例如,该罐储存200kg的氙。
该罐包括用于使罐中所包含的流体冷却的交换器2以便使所述流体的蒸气冷凝。
根据一个有利的具体特征,冷却交换器2包括金属(例如,铝)的团块3,用于使所述团块3冷却的热传递流体回路的至少一个管道4被整合到该团块中。团块3与储存壁1的外表面相接触并且被附接到该外表面上。
换句话讲,由壁1限定的储存器中存在的蒸气被冷凝,而不必将蒸气传递到储存壁1的外部。
因此,这种安排形成冷凝器,该冷凝器可以以安全且受控的方式使罐中的低温流体液化或再液化(或甚至固化),而不需附加的回路。“热的”流体不会被吸入或引导到外部冷却回路中。蒸气在罐中被直接原位冷凝,该罐的储存壁1被冷却到受控的温度并且用作热交换表面。
同样,在此安排中,此外不需要在储存壁1内部设置冷凝交换器。
如附图中所展示的,团块3与储存壁1的上部部分相接触并且优选地被附接到该上部部分上。
这个热交换器2可以被焊接或直接浇铸到储存壁1的外面上。(由不锈钢、钢或任何其他适合的材料制成的)储存壁1被直接冷却并且将其制冷量传送至其包含的蒸气。
这产生了冷凝过程,该冷凝过程自然而然地使储存容积内的流体处于运动中(尤其如果交换器被定位在上部部分处)。这实现了节能。
例如,交换器2包括一个或多个线圈4(管状管道),该一个或多个线圈被整合到具有高热导率的团块3或基体中。例如,管道4的两个平行回路被整合到团块3中。
例如,团块3可以包括铝(或任何其他适合的金属或合金)的实心块。
这个团块被制冷剂流体穿过(经由管道4),该制冷剂流体在该团块中嵌入的导管4中。这种热传递流体因此可以在所安装的团块3处以及罐的壁1处根据其需要来抽取制冷量以便蒸发并加热到其输出温度。
这种架构相对于现有技术显著地改善了这种罐和尤其热交换器的使用灵活性。
与任何其他交换器相比,该交换器的服务压力范围显著地扩展。
具体地,由于其热惯性大,因此这个交换器2可以在非常宽的温度范围(例如,从4.5K至300K)上运行。
因此,设定这个温度参数此外相当于选择罐的储存壁1上的期望温度(并反之亦然)。
优选地,在储存氙的情况下,用于团块的最小推荐温度为-110℃(氙的三相点温度)。
对于冷却的壁1的可能温度范围因此从冷凝的三相点值扩展到远至由最大容许压力给出的值。相应地选择制冷剂流体。
这种热传递流体例如可以是-188℃(85K)下的液氮(例如,1克每秒的流速下)。在团块的输出端处,氮可以被蒸发(例如,-103℃(170K)的温度)。
交换器的结构还使得可以调整热交换的功率,该功率由壁1限定的罐中的热流体的状态变化温度与团块3的温度之间的差所限定。这个功率还取决于热传递流体的流速。
此外,组件(壁1和冷却的团块3)的热容给予系统大的热惯性。这可以保证温度稳定性以及因此罐中的压力稳定性。通常,组件内储存的大量制冷量确保了系统的热稳定性。
因此,本发明可以控制并管理热交换的功率。此外,本发明可以大大增加材料中储存的致冷能量,由此可以消除任何热扰动的影响。
取决于应用,团块3在0.04m2至4m2之间的面积上与储存壁1相接触。
同样,团块3可以具有表示8kg至10000kg之间的容积。
团块3具有可以7kJ.m-3.K-1至9000kJ.m-3.K-1之间的热容以及180W.m-1.K-1至220W.m-1.K-1之间的热导率。
优选地,通过在熔融温度下将呈液态形式的金属浇铸到储存壁1上以及一个或多个管道4周围来将团块3连结至外壁1以及该一个或多个管道4。换句话讲,该一个或多个管道4被嵌入团块3中,该团块被直接包覆模制到外壁1和管道4上。
如图3中所展示的,储存壁1的上表面可以包括至少一个金属板7,该至少一个金属板被附接(例如,通过焊接)到储存壁1的外表面上并且相对于这个壁1横向地突伸。这些板7包括至少一个弯曲部或切口(参见图4)。团块3被包覆模制到包括该一个或多个板7的外壁1部分上。板7被嵌入团块(3)中,并且通过它们的非直线形状(例如,呈钩的形状)确保团块3与储存壁7之间的机械结合(尤其在这两个元件之间的差异膨胀的事件中)。
如图2中示意性地展示的,罐优选地包括外壁5,该外壁以在储存壁周围间隔开的方式被安排。所述壁1与壁5之间的空间以低于大气压力的压力被保持在真空条件下并且容纳隔热层6。
此外,罐可以包括流体回路,该流体回路包括用于抽取由储存壁1限定的容积内包含的流体的管道8以及用于使流体返回至由储存壁1限定的容积的管道9。
这两个管道9、8可以被连结至用于使罐中储存的流体净化的应用或元件12。如果这个净化应用或元件12在比流体储存到罐中的温度相对更高的温度下运行,则抽取管道8可以包括用于加热所抽取的流体的交换器10,并且返回管道9可以包括用于返回至罐的流体的冷却交换器11。换句话讲,抽取管道8和返回管道9通过形成用于流体的流动环路来连结至净化应用或元件12,在该环路中,流体经由抽取管道8被抽取和加热(蒸发)、在净化元件中被净化、并且经由返回管道9被冷却(冷凝)并返回至罐。
当然,罐可以包括阀门(尤其是安全阀门)系统,为了简单起见,没有示出这些阀门。
Claims (14)
1.一种液化流体储存罐,包括储存壁(1)和外壁(5),该储存壁的内表面限定用于液化流体的储存容积,该外壁以在该储存壁(1)周围间隔开的方式被安排,所述储存壁(1)和外壁(5)之间的空间以低于大气压力的压力被保持在真空下并且包括隔热层(6),该罐包括用于使该罐中包含的流体冷却的冷却交换器(2),其特征在于,该冷却交换器(2)包括金属的团块(3),用于使所述团块(3)冷却的热传递流体回路的至少一个管道(4)被整合到该团块中,并且该团块(3)与该储存壁(1)的外表面相接触并且被附接到该外表面上,并且在于,通过在熔融温度下将呈液态形式的金属浇铸到该储存壁(1)上和该一个或多个管道(4)周围来将该团块(3)连结至该储存壁(1)和该一个或多个管道(4),即,该一个或多个管道(4)被嵌入该团块(3)中,该团块被包覆模制到该储存壁(1)和该一个或多个管道(4)上。
2.如权利要求1所述的罐,其特征在于,该团块(3)与该储存壁(1)的上部部分的外表面相接触并且被附接到该外表面上。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的罐,其特征在于,该团块(3)在0.04m2至4m2之间的面积上与该储存壁(1)相接触。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的罐,其特征在于,该团块(3)具有表示8kg至10000kg之间的金属的容积。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的罐,其特征在于,该团块(3)具有7kJ.m-3.K-1至9000kJ.m-3.K-1之间的比热容以及180W.m-1.K-1至220W.m-1.K-1之间的热导率,所述比热容为恒定压力下的密度乘以热容。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的罐,其特征在于,该罐包括至少一个金属板(7),该至少一个金属板被附接到该储存壁(1)的外表面上并且相对于这个储存壁(1)横向地突伸,该至少一个金属板(7)包括至少一个弯曲部或切口,该团块(3)被包覆模制到包括该一个或多个金属板(7)的该储存壁(1)部分上,即,该一个或多个金属板(7)被嵌入该团块(3)中。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的罐,其特征在于,该罐包括在该团块(3)内形成多个环路或锯齿部的一个或多个管道(4)。
8.如权利要求1所述的罐,其特征在于,该罐包括流体回路,该流体回路包括用于抽取由该储存壁(1)限定的容积内包含的流体的抽取管道(8)以及用于使流体返回至由该储存壁(1)限定的容积的返回管道(9)。
9.如权利要求8所述的罐,其特征在于,该抽取管道(8)包括用于加热该所抽取的流体的交换器(10),并且该返回管道(9)包括用于返回至该罐的流体的冷却交换器(11)。
10.如权利要求8或9所述的罐,其特征在于,该抽取管道(8)和该返回管道(9)通过形成用于流体的流动环路来连结至用于净化该罐中的流体的应用或元件(12),在该流动环路中的流体经由该抽取管道(8)被抽取、在该净化应用或元件中被净化、并且经由该返回管道(9)返回至该罐。
11.如权利要求1所述的罐,其特征在于,所述交换器用于使所述流体的蒸气冷凝。
12.如权利要求1所述的罐,其特征在于,所述团块为铝的团块。
13.一种用于通过传递在液化流体与用户设备之间的制冷量来使所述用户设备冷却的装置,该装置包括液化流体储存罐以及用于从该罐传递流体并将流体传递至该罐的回路,该液化流体储存罐储存选自以下各项的低温流体:氙、氖、或任何其他低温流体,该罐包括管道及阀门系统,其特征在于,该罐是如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的罐,并且该装置包括热传递流体的源,并且该热传递流体回路的该至少一个管道(4)被连结至所述热传递流体源。
14.如权利要求13所述的装置,其特征在于,所述热传递流体为液氮。
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FR2927146A1 (fr) * | 2008-02-06 | 2009-08-07 | Air Liquide | Systeme de chauffage de stockages des gaz liquefies sous pression |
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FR2927146A1 (fr) * | 2008-02-06 | 2009-08-07 | Air Liquide | Systeme de chauffage de stockages des gaz liquefies sous pression |
WO2010127671A2 (de) * | 2009-05-06 | 2010-11-11 | Institut Für Luft- Und Kältetechnik Gemeinnützige Gmbh | Verfahren zur speicherung von und speicher für technische gase |
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