CN108039522B - Low self-discharge nickel-hydrogen battery and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Low self-discharge nickel-hydrogen battery and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108039522B CN108039522B CN201711480516.0A CN201711480516A CN108039522B CN 108039522 B CN108039522 B CN 108039522B CN 201711480516 A CN201711480516 A CN 201711480516A CN 108039522 B CN108039522 B CN 108039522B
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- -1 cobalt oxyhydroxide Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 29
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 27
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 27
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- VQCBHWLJZDBHOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium(iii) oxide Chemical compound O=[Er]O[Er]=O VQCBHWLJZDBHOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920013716 polyethylene resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);carbonate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- IUYLTEAJCNAMJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Co+2] IUYLTEAJCNAMJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000001 cobalt(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021446 cobalt carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
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-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
- H01M10/30—Nickel accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
- H01M10/28—Construction or manufacture
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a low self-discharge nickel-hydrogen battery and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the low self-discharge nickel-hydrogen battery comprises an outer shell, a sealing plate, a positive plate, a diaphragm and a negative plate; the shell body is a hollow cylinder with an opening at the upper part sealed at the bottom, the sealing plate is arranged above the shell body and is in sealing connection with the sealing plate through the insulating sealing ring, the positive plate, the diaphragm and the negative plate are sequentially overlapped and wound into a cylinder, the cylinder is arranged inside the shell body, the positive plate and the negative plate are plated with active films, the positive composite active film and the negative composite active film can enable the battery to reduce the self-discharge rate, the electric quantity loss of the battery is reduced, and the electrolyte is filled in the shell body. The low self-discharge nickel-metal hydride battery provided by the invention can improve the self-discharge property of the battery, improve the charge holding capacity of the battery, has low electric quantity loss after charging and can be stored for a long time. Through tests, the low self-discharge nickel-metal hydride battery provided by the invention has the charge retention rate of more than 96%, and has remarkable effect of improving self-discharge property.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a nickel-metal hydride battery and a manufacturing method thereof, and more particularly, to a low self-discharge nickel-metal hydride battery and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The nickel-hydrogen battery is synthesized by hydrogen ions and metallic nickel, has the advantages of no pollution, high capacity, safe use and the like, is widely applied to the fields of civil communication power supplies, various portable equipment power supplies, electric tools, power supplies and the like, and is a small green power supply for replacing nickel-cadmium batteries. The positive electrode of the nickel-hydrogen battery is generally nickel oxide or hydroxide, the negative electrode is metal hydride, hydrogen ions are released from electrolyte when the battery is charged, and the metal of the negative electrode absorbs the hydrogen ions to avoid forming hydrogen gas so as to maintain the pressure and volume inside the battery. When the cell is discharged, these hydrogen ions are returned to their original positions by the reverse process. However, when the battery is not used, a discharging phenomenon exists after the battery is placed for a period of time, the phenomenon is called self-discharging of the battery and commonly called power leakage, so that the battery has to be charged before each use, the normal use of the battery is affected, and energy is wasted greatly.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art, the present invention is directed to providing a low self-discharge nickel-metal hydride battery to overcome the shortcomings in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a low self-discharge nickel-metal hydride battery comprising: the electrolyte self-discharge protective cover comprises an outer shell, a sealing plate, a positive plate, a diaphragm, a negative plate, an insulating sealing ring, electrolyte and a low self-discharge protective cover; the outer shell is a hollow cylinder with an opening at the upper part and sealed at the bottom, and the bottom edge of the outer shell is arc-shaped; a sealing plate is arranged above the outer shell, a positive electrode cap is arranged in the center of the upper surface of the sealing plate in an upward protruding mode, the upper edge of the positive electrode cap is arc-shaped, and the outer shell is in sealing connection with the sealing plate through an insulating sealing ring; the positive plate, the diaphragm and the negative plate are sequentially overlapped and wound into a cylinder and are inserted into the outer shell along the axis of the cylinder; the diaphragm is respectively a bottom layer film, a middle layer film and an outer layer film from inside to outside in sequence; the bottom cover of the outer shell is provided with a low self-discharge protective cover, the center of the outer surface of the bottom of the outer shell is provided with a negative electrode cap in a protruding mode, and the negative electrode cap protrudes out of the low self-discharge protective cover and is electrically connected to the bottom of the outer shell; the upper edge of the positive plate is welded with a positive electrode lug, and the positive electrode lug is electrically connected with a positive electrode cover cap; a negative electrode tab is welded at the lower edge of the negative electrode plate and is electrically connected with the inner bottom of the outer shell; the positive electrode substrate of the positive electrode plate is annularly plated with a positive electrode composite active film, the positive electrode composite active film comprises a first layer, a second layer, a third layer and a fourth layer from inside to outside in sequence, the first layer is a positive electrode active film, the second layer is a positive electrode charge retention active film, the third layer is a positive electrode conductive active film, and the fourth layer is a positive electrode protection film; the positive electrode substrate is foamed nickel with the aperture of 0.3-0.5 mm, a negative electrode composite active film is annularly plated on the negative electrode substrate of the negative electrode plate, the negative electrode composite active film is respectively a bottom layer, a middle layer and an outermost layer from inside to outside in sequence, the bottom layer is a negative electrode charge holding alloy film, the middle layer is a negative electrode conductive active film, and the outermost layer is a negative electrode protection film; the negative electrode substrate is a copper mesh with 180-200 meshes, the positive electrode composite active film and the negative electrode composite active film can reduce the self-discharge rate of the nickel-metal hydride battery to below 5%, the electric quantity loss of the battery is reduced, and the shell is filled with electrolyte.
As a further explanation of the low self-discharge nickel-metal hydride battery according to the present invention, it is preferable that a pneumatic safety valve is provided on the left side of the positive electrode cap for discharging the excessive gas.
As a further explanation of the low self-discharge nickel-metal hydride battery according to the present invention, it is preferable that the thickness of the positive electrode composite active film is 80 to 100 micrometers, and the thicknesses of the first layer, the second layer, the third layer, and the fourth layer are 20 to 25 micrometers, respectively.
As a further explanation of the low self-discharge nickel-metal hydride battery according to the present invention, it is preferable that the positive electrode active film is made of nickel hydroxide, the positive electrode charge retention active film is made of cobalt oxyhydroxide, calcium oxide, erbium oxide, the positive electrode conductive active film is made of at least one of cobalt oxide, graphite powder, acetylene black, and the positive electrode protective film is made of at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane. More preferably, the positive electrode active film is made of 20 to 25 parts by weight of nickel hydroxide, the positive electrode charge retention active film is made of 3 to 4 parts by weight of cobalt oxyhydroxide, 2 to 2.5 parts by weight of calcium oxide, 0.8 to 1 part by weight of erbium oxide, the positive electrode conductive active film is made of at least one of 1 to 1.5 parts by weight of cobalt oxide, 1.2 to 1.4 parts by weight of graphite powder, 1 to 2 parts by weight of acetylene black, and the positive electrode protective film is made of at least one of 1.3 to 1.5 parts by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene, 1.3 to 1.6 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, and 2 to 5 parts by weight of polyurethane.
As a further illustration of the low self-discharge nickel-metal hydride battery of the present invention, the separator preferably has a thickness of 25 to 40 microns.
As a further explanation of the low self-discharge nickel-metal hydride battery according to the present invention, it is preferable that the bottom layer film and the outer layer film are made of sulfonated polypropylene-polyethylene resin and the middle layer film is made of polypropylene resin.
As a further explanation of the low self-discharge nickel-metal hydride battery according to the present invention, it is preferable that the thickness of the negative electrode composite active film is 60 to 75 μm, and the thicknesses of the bottom layer, the intermediate layer and the outermost layer are 20 to 25 μm, respectively.
As a further explanation of the low self-discharge nickel-metal hydride battery according to the present invention, preferably, the negative electrode charge retention alloy film is formed of (LaYCe) 0.6 Mg 0.2 (NiAlMn) 0.3 The negative electrode conductive active film is made of at least one of nickel carbonyl powder, cobaltous oxide and cobaltous carbonate, and the negative electrode protective film is made of at least one of carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate. More preferably, the negative electrode charge retention alloy film is composed of 10 to 14 parts by weight (LaYCe) 0.6 Mg 0.2 (NiAlMn) 0.3 The cathode conductive active film is prepared from at least one of 2-3 parts by weight of nickel carbonyl powder, 3.5-3.9 parts by weight of cobaltous oxide and 1.5-2.5 parts by weight of cobaltous carbonate, and the cathode protective film is prepared from at least one of 0.8-1.2 parts by weight of carboxymethyl cellulose, 1.1-1.4 parts by weight of methyl cellulose and 0.9-1.2 parts by weight of sodium polyacrylate.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the low self-discharge nickel-metal hydride battery, which comprises the following steps:
step 1): manufacturing a positive plate:
respectively electroplating nickel hydroxide, cobalt oxyhydroxide, calcium oxide and erbium oxide, at least one of cobalt oxide, graphite powder and acetylene black and at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl alcohol and polyurethane on a positive electrode substrate, drying by a dryer, rolling by a tabletting roller, slicing by a slicer, and welding a positive electrode tab to prepare a positive electrode sheet;
step 2): manufacturing a negative plate:
will (LaYCe) 06 Mg 02 (NiAlMn) 03 Plating at least one of nickel carbonyl powder, cobaltous oxide and cobaltous carbonate and at least one of carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate on a negative electrode substrate, drying by a dryer, rolling by a tabletting roller, slicing by a slicer, and welding a negative electrode tab to prepare a negative electrode sheet;
step 3): manufacturing a diaphragm:
sequentially superposing the bottom layer film, the middle layer film and the outer layer film, and performing hot pressing through a hot press and cutting through a cutting machine to obtain a diaphragm;
step 4): preparing an electrolyte:
dissolving potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide in deionized water, stirring and cooling for 12-24 hours at room temperature to obtain electrolyte with the composition of 30-50% of potassium hydroxide, 5-10% of sodium hydroxide and 0.01-0.1% of calcium hydroxide, wherein the addition of trace calcium hydroxide in the electrolyte can increase the stability of positive and negative electrodes and reduce the self-discharge rate of a battery;
step 5): assembling a battery:
sequentially superposing and winding the manufactured positive plate, the diaphragm and the negative plate into a cylinder, enabling the positive electrode lug to be upward, enabling the negative electrode lug to be downward, loading the cylinder into the outer shell, filling the manufactured electrolyte into the outer shell, covering the sealing plate to enable the positive electrode lug to be electrically connected with the positive electrode cap, sealing the sealing plate with the outer shell by using an insulating sealing ring with an adhesive, welding the negative electrode cap at the bottom of the outer shell, covering the low self-discharge protective cover, and enabling the negative electrode cap to protrude out of the low self-discharge protective cover.
As a further explanation of the method for manufacturing a low self-discharge nickel-hydrogen battery according to the present invention, it is preferable that the hot press hot pressing temperature in step 3) is 100 to 120 ℃.
The low self-discharge nickel-metal hydride battery provided by the invention can improve the self-discharge property of the battery, improve the charge holding capacity of the battery, has low electric quantity loss after charging and can be stored for a long time. Through tests, the low self-discharge nickel-metal hydride battery provided by the invention has the charge retention rate of more than 96%, and has remarkable effect of improving self-discharge property.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a low self-discharge nickel-metal hydride battery according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a sealing plate of a low self-discharge nickel-metal hydride battery according to the present invention.
The reference numerals are explained as follows:
the battery comprises an outer shell 1, a sealing plate 2, a positive electrode cap 21, a pneumatic safety valve 22, a positive electrode plate 3, a positive electrode lug 31, a diaphragm 4, a negative electrode plate 5, a negative electrode lug 51, an insulating sealing ring 6, electrolyte 7, a low self-discharge protective cap 8 and a negative electrode cap 81.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the structure, features, and other objects of the invention, reference should now be made in detail to the accompanying drawings of the preferred embodiments of the invention, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and are for purposes of illustrating the concepts of the invention and not for limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a low self-discharge nickel-metal hydride battery according to the present invention, wherein the low self-discharge nickel-metal hydride battery comprises: the device comprises an outer shell 1, a sealing plate 2, a positive plate 3, a diaphragm 4 and a negative plate 5; the outer shell 1 is a hollow cylinder with an opening at the upper part and sealed at the bottom, and the bottom edge of the outer shell 1 is arc-shaped; a sealing plate 2 is arranged above the outer shell 1, a positive electrode cap 21 is convexly arranged at the center of the upper surface of the sealing plate 2, the upper edge of the positive electrode cap 21 is arc-shaped, the outer shell 1 is in sealing connection with the sealing plate 2 through an insulating sealing ring 6, and a positive electrode plate 3, a diaphragm 4 and a negative electrode plate 5 are sequentially overlapped and wound into a cylinder and are inserted into the outer shell 1 along the axis of the cylinder; the bottom cover of the outer shell 1 is provided with a low self-discharge protective cover 8, the center of the outer surface of the bottom of the outer shell 1 is provided with a negative electrode cap 81 in a protruding mode, and the negative electrode cap 81 protrudes out of the low self-discharge protective cover 8 and is electrically connected to the outer bottom of the outer shell 1; the upper edge of the positive plate 3 is welded with a positive electrode lug 31, and the positive electrode lug 31 is electrically connected with a positive electrode cap 21; the lower edge of the negative plate 5 is welded with a negative electrode lug 51, and the negative electrode lug 51 is electrically connected with the inner bottom of the outer shell 1. The edge of the battery is set to be an arc-shaped edge so as to reduce the point discharge and reduce the self-discharge performance of the battery, and meanwhile, a low self-discharge protective cover is additionally arranged at the bottom of the battery, and is made of an insulating material so as to reduce the discharge contact area of the battery and prevent the battery from self-discharging to cause electric quantity loss.
The diaphragm 4 is formed by hot-pressing and compounding a bottom layer film, a middle layer film and an outer layer film from inside to outside, and the thickness of the diaphragm is 25-40 microns; the bottom layer film and the outer layer film are made of sulfonated polypropylene-polyethylene resin, and the middle layer film is made of polypropylene resin. The bottom layer film and the outer layer film adopt sulfonated polypropylene-polyethylene resin films subjected to hydrophilic modification treatment, so that the internal resistance of the battery is smaller, the output power is larger, the charge retention rate of the battery can be increased by the sulfonated diaphragm, and the self-discharge is reduced. The polypropylene resin can increase the strength of the membrane and avoid damage in the manufacturing process.
The positive plate 3 is made of a positive electrode matrix which is a foaming nickel with the aperture of 0.3-0.5 mm by annular plating, wherein the positive electrode composite active film comprises a first layer, a second layer, a third layer and a fourth layer from inside to outside in sequence, the first layer is a positive electrode active film, the second layer is a positive electrode charge retention active film, the third layer is a positive electrode conductive active film, and the fourth layer is a positive electrode protection film; the thickness of the positive electrode composite active film is 80-100 micrometers, and the thicknesses of the first layer, the second layer, the third layer and the fourth layer are 20-25 micrometers respectively. The positive electrode active film is made of nickel hydroxide, the positive electrode charge retaining active film is made of cobalt oxyhydroxide, calcium oxide and erbium oxide, the positive electrode conductive active film is made of at least one of cobalt oxide, graphite powder and acetylene black, and the positive electrode protective film is made of at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl alcohol and polyurethane. Wherein, the positive electrode active film is used for ionization in electrolyte to generate positive ions; the positive electrode charge-retaining active film is used for increasing the stability of oxygen in the positive electrode and reducing the precipitation of oxygen; the positive electrode conductive active film increases the positive ion conductivity and the electron conductivity of the electrode, improves the positive electrode reactivity, reduces the charging voltage and improves the charging efficiency; the positive electrode protection film is used for preventing burrs generated by metal from penetrating through the separator to cause short circuit inside the battery.
The negative electrode plate 5 is formed by plating a negative electrode matrix with a negative electrode composite activity in a ring mannerThe negative electrode composite active film is sequentially provided with a bottom layer, a middle layer and an outermost layer from inside to outside, wherein the bottom layer is a negative electrode charge holding alloy film, the middle layer is a negative electrode conductive active film, and the outermost layer is a negative electrode protective film; the thickness of the negative electrode composite active film is 60-75 micrometers, and the thicknesses of the bottom layer, the middle layer and the outermost layer are respectively 20-25 micrometers. The negative electrode charge retention alloy film consists of (LaYCe) 0.6 Mg 0.2 (NiAlMn) 0.3 The negative electrode conductive active film is made of at least one of nickel carbonyl powder, cobaltous oxide and cobaltous carbonate, and the negative electrode protective film is made of at least one of carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate. The negative electrode charge-holding alloy film increases the stability of hydrogen of the negative electrode in the electrode, reduces the combination of oxygen separated out from the positive electrode by the battery in a non-working state, and reduces the self-discharge rate of the battery; the negative electrode protective film is used for preventing burrs generated by metal from penetrating through the separator to cause short circuit inside the battery.
The positive electrode composite active film and the negative electrode composite active film can reduce the self-discharge rate of the nickel-metal hydride battery and reduce the electric quantity loss of the battery; the outer casing 1 is also filled with an electrolyte 7.
As shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a sealing plate of the low self-discharge nickel-metal hydride battery of the present invention, a pneumatic safety valve 22 is disposed at the left side of a positive electrode cap 21 for discharging excessive gas, the pneumatic safety valve 22 is welded below the sealing plate 2 for preventing the volume of the battery from changing, and a vent hole is opened at a corresponding position of the sealing plate 2.
Example 1
Step 1): manufacturing a positive plate:
respectively electroplating 20 g of nickel hydroxide (first layer, thickness of 20 microns), 3 g of cobalt oxyhydroxide, 2 g of calcium oxide and 0.8 g of erbium oxide (second layer, thickness of 20 microns), 1 g of cobaltous oxide, 1.2 g of graphite powder and 1 g of acetylene black (third layer, thickness of 20 microns), 1.3 g of polytetrafluoroethylene, 1.3 g of polyvinyl alcohol and 2 g of polyurethane (fourth layer, thickness of 20 microns) onto foamed nickel with aperture of 0.3mm in sequence to prepare an 80-micron-thick positive electrode composite active film, drying by a dryer, rolling by a tabletting roller, slicing by a slicer, and welding a positive electrode tab to prepare a positive electrode sheet;
step 2): manufacturing a negative plate:
10 g (LaYCe) 0.6 Mg 0.2 (NiAlMn) 0.3 Alloy (bottom layer, thickness 20 microns), 2 g nickel carbonyl powder, 3.5 g cobalt oxide and 1.5 g cobalt carbonate (middle layer, thickness 20 microns), 0.8 g carboxymethyl cellulose, 1.1 g methyl cellulose and 0.9 g sodium polyacrylate (outermost layer, thickness 20 microns) are electroplated on a 180-mesh copper mesh in turn to prepare a 60-micron-thick negative electrode composite active film, and the negative electrode composite active film is dried by a dryer, rolled by a tabletting roller, sliced by a slicer, and then welded with a negative electrode tab to prepare a negative electrode plate;
step 3): manufacturing a diaphragm:
sequentially superposing the sulfonated polypropylene-polyethylene resin of the bottom layer, the middle polypropylene resin film and the sulfonated polypropylene-polyethylene resin film of the outer layer, hot-pressing at 100 ℃ by a hot press to obtain a composite film, and cutting into a proper size by a cutting machine to obtain a diaphragm with the thickness of 25 microns;
step 4): preparing an electrolyte:
dissolving potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide in deionized water, stirring and cooling for 12 hours at room temperature to obtain electrolyte with the composition of 30% potassium hydroxide, 5% sodium hydroxide and 0.01% calcium hydroxide;
step 5): assembling a battery:
sequentially superposing and winding the manufactured positive plate, the diaphragm and the negative plate into a cylinder, enabling the positive electrode lug to be upward, enabling the negative electrode lug to be downward, loading the cylinder into the outer shell, filling the manufactured electrolyte into the outer shell, covering the sealing plate to enable the positive electrode lug to be electrically connected with the positive electrode cap, sealing the sealing plate with the outer shell by using an insulating sealing ring with an adhesive, welding the negative electrode cap at the bottom of the outer shell, covering the low self-discharge protective cover, and enabling the negative electrode cap to protrude out of the low self-discharge protective cover.
Charging the prepared battery at 30 ℃ for 500 minutes at 50mA, standing for 30 minutes, discharging to 1.0V at 50mA, wherein the discharge capacity is C1;
charging at 30 ℃ for 500 minutes at 50mA, standing for 30 minutes, storing at 70 ℃ for 30 days, standing for 30 minutes, discharging to 1.0V at 100mA, and discharging capacity of C2.
The capacity retention rate of the battery was expressed as C2/C1 x 100%, and the capacity retention rate of the battery tested was 96%.
Examples 2 to 4
Following the preparation method of the low self-discharge nickel-hydrogen battery of example 1, the following three low self-discharge nickel-hydrogen batteries were prepared, and specific experimental results are shown in table 1.
Table 1 electrode compositions and test results for the batteries of examples 2 to 4
Example 5
Step 1): manufacturing a positive plate:
respectively electroplating 25 g of nickel hydroxide (first layer, thickness of 25 microns), 4 g of cobalt oxyhydroxide, 2.5 g of calcium oxide and 1 g of erbium oxide (second layer, thickness of 25 microns), 1.5 g of cobaltous oxide, 1.4 g of graphite powder and 2 g of acetylene black (third layer, thickness of 25 microns), 1.5 g of polytetrafluoroethylene, 1.6 g of polyvinyl alcohol and 5 g of polyurethane (fourth layer, thickness of 25 microns) onto foamed nickel with aperture of 0.5mm in sequence to prepare a positive electrode composite active film with thickness of 100 microns, drying by a dryer, rolling by a tabletting roller, slicing by a slicer, and welding a positive electrode tab to prepare a positive electrode sheet;
step 2): manufacturing a negative plate:
will be 14 g (LaYCe) 0.6 Mg 0.2 (NiAlMn) 0.3 Alloy (bottom layer, thickness of 25 microns), 3 g nickel carbonyl powder, 3.9 g cobalt oxide and 2.5 g cobalt carbonate (middle layer, thickness of 25 microns), 1.2 g carboxymethyl cellulose, 1.4 g methyl cellulose and 1.2 g sodium polyacrylate (outermost layer, thickness of 25 microns) are electroplated on a 200-mesh copper wire in sequence to prepare a 75-micron thick negative electrode composite active film, and the negative electrode composite active film is dried by a dryer, rolled by a tabletting roller, sliced by a slicer, and welded with a negative electrode tab to prepare a negative electrode sheet;
step 3): manufacturing a diaphragm:
sequentially superposing the sulfonated polypropylene-polyethylene resin of the bottom layer, the middle polypropylene resin film and the sulfonated polypropylene-polyethylene resin film of the outer layer, hot-pressing at 120 ℃ by a hot press to obtain a composite film, and cutting into a proper size by a cutting machine to obtain a diaphragm with the thickness of 40 microns;
step 4): preparing an electrolyte:
dissolving potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide in deionized water, stirring and cooling for 24 hours at room temperature to obtain electrolyte with the composition of 50% potassium hydroxide, 10% sodium hydroxide and 0.1% calcium hydroxide;
step 5): assembling a battery:
sequentially superposing and winding the manufactured positive plate, the diaphragm and the negative plate into a cylinder, enabling the positive electrode lug to be upward, enabling the negative electrode lug to be downward, loading the cylinder into the outer shell, filling the manufactured electrolyte into the outer shell, covering the sealing plate to enable the positive electrode lug to be electrically connected with the positive electrode cap, sealing the sealing plate with the outer shell by using an insulating sealing ring with an adhesive, welding the negative electrode cap at the bottom of the outer shell, covering the low self-discharge protective cover, and enabling the negative electrode cap to protrude out of the low self-discharge protective cover.
Charging the prepared battery at 30 ℃ for 500 minutes at 50mA, standing for 30 minutes, discharging to 1.0V at 50mA, wherein the discharge capacity is C1;
charging at 30 ℃ for 500 minutes at 50mA, standing for 30 minutes, storing at 70 ℃ for 30 days, standing for 30 minutes, discharging to 1.0V at 100mA, and discharging capacity of C2.
The capacity retention rate of the battery was expressed as C2/c1×100%, and the capacity retention rate of the battery tested was 98.5%.
Examples 6 to 8
Following the preparation method of the low self-discharge nickel-hydrogen battery of example 5, the following three low self-discharge nickel-hydrogen batteries were prepared, and specific experimental results are shown in table 2.
Table 2 electrode compositions and test results for the batteries of examples 6 to 8
Example 9
Step 1): manufacturing a positive plate:
respectively electroplating 23 g of nickel hydroxide (first layer, thickness of 23 microns), 3.5 g of cobalt oxyhydroxide, 2.3 g of calcium oxide, 0.9 g of erbium oxide (second layer, thickness of 23 microns), 1.3 g of cobaltous oxide, 1.3 g of graphite powder, 1.5 g of acetylene black (third layer, thickness of 23 microns), 1.4 g of polytetrafluoroethylene, 1.5 g of polyvinyl alcohol and 3 g of polyurethane (fourth layer, thickness of 23 microns) onto foaming nickel with aperture of 0.4mm in sequence to prepare a positive electrode composite active film with thickness of 92 microns, drying by a dryer, rolling by a tabletting roller, slicing by a slicer, and welding a positive electrode tab to prepare a positive electrode sheet;
step 2): manufacturing a negative plate:
will be 12 g (LaYCe) 0.6 Mg 0.2 (NiAlMn) 0.3 Alloy (bottom layer, thickness 23 microns), 2.5 g nickel carbonyl powder, 3.7 g cobalt oxide and 2 g cobalt carbonate (middle layer, thickness 23 microns), 1 g carboxymethyl cellulose, 1.3 g methyl cellulose and 1 g sodium polyacrylate (outermost layer, thickness 23 microns) are electroplated on a 190 mesh copper mesh in sequence to prepare a 69 micron thick negative electrode composite active film, and the negative electrode plate is prepared by drying by a dryer, rolling by a tabletting roller, slicing by a slicer, and welding a negative electrode tab;
step 3): manufacturing a diaphragm:
sequentially superposing the sulfonated polypropylene-polyethylene resin of the bottom layer, the middle polypropylene resin film and the sulfonated polypropylene-polyethylene resin film of the outer layer, hot-pressing at 110 ℃ by a hot press to obtain a composite film, and cutting into a proper size by a cutting machine to obtain a diaphragm with the thickness of 30 microns;
step 4): preparing an electrolyte:
dissolving potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide in deionized water, stirring and cooling for 18h at room temperature to obtain electrolyte with the composition of 40% potassium hydroxide, 8% sodium hydroxide and 0.05% calcium hydroxide;
step 5): assembling a battery:
sequentially superposing and winding the manufactured positive plate, the diaphragm and the negative plate into a cylinder, enabling the positive electrode lug to be upward, enabling the negative electrode lug to be downward, loading the cylinder into the outer shell, filling the manufactured electrolyte into the outer shell, covering the sealing plate to enable the positive electrode lug to be electrically connected with the positive electrode cap, sealing the sealing plate with the outer shell by using an insulating sealing ring with an adhesive, welding the negative electrode cap at the bottom of the outer shell, covering the low self-discharge protective cover, and enabling the negative electrode cap to protrude out of the low self-discharge protective cover.
Charging the prepared battery at 30 ℃ for 500 minutes at 50mA, standing for 30 minutes, discharging to 1.0V at 50mA, wherein the discharge capacity is C1;
charging at 30 ℃ for 500 minutes at 50mA, standing for 30 minutes, storing at 70 ℃ for 30 days, standing for 30 minutes, discharging to 1.0V at 100mA, and discharging capacity of C2.
The capacity retention rate of the battery was expressed as C2/c1×100%, and the capacity retention rate of the battery tested was 96.8%.
Examples 10 to 12
Following the preparation method of the low self-discharge nickel-hydrogen battery of example 9, the following three low self-discharge nickel-hydrogen batteries were prepared, and specific experimental results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 electrode compositions and test results for the batteries of examples 10-12
It should be noted that the foregoing summary and the detailed description are intended to demonstrate practical applications of the technical solution provided by the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Various modifications, equivalent alterations, or improvements will occur to those skilled in the art, and are within the spirit and principles of the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A low self-discharging nickel-metal hydride battery, said low self-discharging nickel-metal hydride battery comprising: the lithium ion battery comprises an outer shell (1), a sealing plate (2), a positive plate (3), a diaphragm (4), a negative plate (5), an insulating sealing ring (6), electrolyte (7) and a low self-discharge protective cover (8); wherein,,
the outer shell (1) is a hollow cylinder with an opening at the upper part and sealed at the bottom, and the bottom edge of the outer shell (1) is arc-shaped; a sealing plate (2) is arranged above the outer shell (1), a positive electrode cap (21) is arranged in the center of the upper surface of the sealing plate (2) in an upward protruding mode, the upper edge of the positive electrode cap (21) is arc-shaped, and the outer shell (1) is connected with the sealing plate (2) in a sealing mode through an insulating sealing ring (6); the positive plate (3), the diaphragm (4) and the negative plate (5) are sequentially overlapped and wound into a cylinder and are inserted into the outer shell (1) along the axis of the cylinder; the diaphragm (4) is respectively a bottom layer film, a middle layer film and an outer layer film from inside to outside in sequence; the bottom cover of the outer shell (1) is provided with a low self-discharge protective cover (8), the center of the outer surface of the bottom of the outer shell (1) is provided with a negative electrode cap (81) in a protruding mode, and the negative electrode cap (81) protrudes out of the low self-discharge protective cover (8) and is electrically connected to the outer bottom of the outer shell (1);
the upper edge of the positive plate (3) is welded with a positive electrode lug (31), and the positive electrode lug (31) is electrically connected with a positive electrode cap (21); a negative electrode tab (51) is welded at the lower edge of the negative electrode sheet (5), and the negative electrode tab (51) is electrically connected with the inner bottom of the outer shell (1);
the positive plate (3) is circularly plated with a positive composite active film, the positive composite active film comprises a first layer, a second layer, a third layer and a fourth layer from inside to outside in sequence, the first layer is a positive electrode active film, the second layer is a positive charge retention active film, the third layer is a positive conductive active film, and the fourth layer is a positive protective film; the positive electrode active film is made of nickel hydroxide, the positive electrode charge retaining active film is made of cobalt oxyhydroxide, calcium oxide and erbium oxide, the positive electrode conductive active film is made of at least one of cobalt oxide, graphite powder and acetylene black, and the positive electrode protective film is made of at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl alcohol and polyurethane;
the negative plate (5) is circularly plated with a negative composite active film, and the negative is compositeThe composite active film comprises a bottom layer, a middle layer and an outermost layer from inside to outside in sequence, wherein the bottom layer is a negative electrode charge retention alloy film, the middle layer is a negative electrode conductive active film, and the outermost layer is a negative electrode protection film; the negative electrode charge retention alloy film consists of (LaYCe) 0.6 Mg 0.2 (NiAlMn) 0.3 The negative electrode conductive active film is made of at least one of nickel carbonyl powder, cobaltous oxide and cobaltous carbonate, and the negative electrode protective film is made of at least one of carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate;
the positive electrode composite active film and the negative electrode composite active film can enable the battery to reduce the self-discharge rate and the electric quantity loss of the battery, and electrolyte (7) is filled in the outer shell (1).
2. The low self-discharging nickel-metal hydride battery according to claim 1, wherein a pneumatic safety valve (22) for discharging excessive gas is provided on the left side of the positive electrode cap (21).
3. The low self-discharge nickel-metal hydride battery of claim 1, wherein the positive electrode composite active film has a thickness of 80 to 100 microns and the first, second, third and fourth layers have a thickness of 20 to 25 microns, respectively.
4. The low self-discharging nickel-metal hydride battery of claim 1, wherein said separator has a thickness of 25 to 40 microns.
5. The low self-discharge nickel-metal hydride battery of claim 4, wherein the bottom and outer films are made of sulfonated polypropylene-polyethylene resin and the middle film is made of polypropylene resin.
6. The low self-discharge nickel-metal hydride battery of claim 1, wherein the negative electrode composite active film has a thickness of 60 to 75 microns and the bottom, middle and outermost layers have a thickness of 20 to 25 microns, respectively.
7. A method of making a low self-discharge nickel-metal hydride battery as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, comprising the steps of:
step 1): respectively electroplating nickel hydroxide, cobalt oxyhydroxide, calcium oxide and erbium oxide, at least one of cobalt oxide, graphite powder and acetylene black and at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl alcohol and polyurethane on a positive electrode substrate, drying by a dryer, rolling by a tabletting roller, slicing by a slicer, and welding a positive electrode tab to prepare a positive electrode sheet;
step 2): will (LaYCe) 0.6 Mg 0.2 (NiAlMn) 0.3 Plating at least one of nickel carbonyl powder, cobaltous oxide and cobaltous carbonate and at least one of carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate on a negative electrode substrate, drying by a dryer, rolling by a tabletting roller, slicing by a slicer, and welding a negative electrode tab to prepare a negative electrode sheet;
step 3): sequentially superposing the bottom layer film, the middle layer film and the outer layer film, and performing hot pressing through a hot press and cutting through a cutting machine to obtain a diaphragm;
step 4): dissolving potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide in deionized water, stirring and cooling for 12-24 hours at room temperature to obtain electrolyte;
step 5): sequentially superposing and winding the prepared positive plate, diaphragm and negative plate into a cylinder, loading the cylinder into an outer shell, filling the prepared electrolyte into the outer shell, covering a sealing plate, sealing by an insulating sealing ring, and covering a low self-discharge protective cover.
8. The method for manufacturing a low self-discharge nickel-metal hydride battery according to claim 7, wherein the hot press hot pressing temperature in step 3) is 100 to 120 ℃.
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| JP2005019360A (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2005-01-20 | Yuasa Corp | Sealed nickel hydride storage battery |
| CN102664242A (en) * | 2012-05-17 | 2012-09-12 | 吉林卓尔科技股份有限公司 | Nickel-zinc secondary seal cylindrical alkaline battery with shell as cathode and manufacturing method for nickel-zinc secondary seal cylindrical alkaline battery |
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