CN108039041A - A kind of high speed 4G concentrators communication module, power information acquisition system and method - Google Patents
A kind of high speed 4G concentrators communication module, power information acquisition system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108039041A CN108039041A CN201810090634.9A CN201810090634A CN108039041A CN 108039041 A CN108039041 A CN 108039041A CN 201810090634 A CN201810090634 A CN 201810090634A CN 108039041 A CN108039041 A CN 108039041A
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
A kind of high speed 4G concentrator communication modules, and include the power information acquisition system and the two communication means of above-mentioned communication module, above-mentioned communication module includes：Main control MCU chip, 4G chips and FLASH chip, may also include NFC chip；The main control MCU chip is communicated to connect by Ethernet interface and concentrator.The communication module of the present invention changes under prior art specification limit and not under the premise of concentrator interface between software and hardware, it is connected by Ethernet interface with concentrator, break the communication mode of conventionally employed serial ports, substantially increased concentrator and the traffic rate of long-range main website, reach 20 60 times of conventional rate.Meanwhile existing more than ten concentrators in the compatible market of communication module of the invention.User only needs to change communication module of the present invention, you can realizes the 4G Internet eco- crisis functions to concentrator, had not only simplified the work of 4G Internet eco- crisis, but also substantially increase concentrator traffic rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to power information to gather field, and in particular to a kind of high speed 4G concentrators communication module, power information
Acquisition system and its corresponding communication means.
Background technology
At present, the communication mode in state's net concentrator technical specification between concentrator and uplink communication module leads to for serial ports
Letter, is connected, the traffic rate pole of serial ports between concentrator legacy upstream communication module and long-range main website by GPRS mobile networks
115Kbps is limited, it is suitable with the traffic rate limit 114Kbps of GPRS, but led in practical application due to GPRS network unstability
Believe speed about in 30Kbps or so.With the fast development of 4G networks, there are 4G communication modules, still pass through serial ports and collection
The connection of middle device, although 4G network rates up to 100Mbps, due to the limitation of serial communication speed, the communication in practical application
Speed is in 100Kbps or so.Although the traffic rate of 4G communication modules has been lifted than the traffic rate of GPRS communication module,
With the intelligent and digitized fast development of power grid, power grid need concentrator packing density is less and less, data item is more next
More, the data volume that concentrator communicates with long-range main website is with regard to increasing, between common 4G concentrators communication module and concentrator
Serial communication mode have become lifting concentrator uplink communication speed bottleneck.
The content of the invention
Based on the above problem, the present invention provides a kind of high speed 4G concentrator communication modules, embeds the micro- place of high-performance low-power-consumption
Device (MCU) is managed, under the limitation of prior art specification and on the premise of not changing concentrator interface between software and hardware, passes through Ethernet interface
It is connected with concentrator, using high speed 4G concentrators communication module simulation main website server, the mentality of designing of concentrator client, beats
The bottleneck of serial communication speed between common 4G concentrators communication module and concentrator has been broken, has greatly improved concentrator uplink
Traffic rate.
To solve the above problems, the first aspect of the present invention provides a kind of high speed 4G concentrator communication modules, including：It is main
Control MCU chip, 4G chips and FLASH chip；The main control MCU chip is used for the workflow for controlling communication module, coordinates it
Its chip operation；The wireless public network that the 4G chips are used for realization the communication module to long-range main website connects；The FLASH cores
Piece is used to store concentrator parameter, the messaging parameter of communication module and stipulations conversion parameter；The main control MCU chip passes through ether
Network interface is communicated to connect with concentrator.
Further, NFC chip is further included；The NFC mobile device that the NFC chip coordinates prepackage to safeguard software completes mould
Block parameter configuration so that the high speed 4G concentrators communication module carries out parameter configuration by NFC technique.
Further, the main control MCU chip is connected by USB interface with 4G chips, passes through spi bus and FLASH cores
Piece connects, and is connected by I2C buses with NFC chip.
Further, the main control MCU chip with it is any below the connection mode selected as of 4G chips：USB2.0、
The communication mode of PCIE, USB3.0, high-speed serial bus AFDX, FC based on optical fiber.
Further, the high speed 4G concentrator communication modules, remove transmission and rule under the conditions of 10Mbps broadband networks
The rate loss about handled, traffic rate is up to 2-6Mbps.
Another aspect provides a kind of power information acquisition system, including concentrator, long-range main website and as before
High speed 4G concentrator communication modules described in face, the communication module are communicatively coupled with concentrator by Ethernet interface, with
Long-range main website is communicatively coupled by mobile network.
It is yet another aspect of the present invention to provide a kind of communication means of high speed 4G concentrator communication modules, employ as above
The high speed 4G concentrator communication modules communicate with concentrator and long-range main website, the described method includes：
TCP/IP connections are established by Ethernet between main control MCU chip and concentrator, concentrator is client, and MCU is
Server, establishes first group of C/S connection；
Main control MCU chip is established TCP/IP with long-range main website by 4G chips and is connected, and the 4G chips are combined as with USB
A virtual network port of MCU, MCU are client, and long-range main website is server, establish second group of C/S connection；
MCU simulation main website servers read the data of concentrator client, and simulate concentrator client end response and remotely lead
The request of data of site server, completes the data interaction between concentrator and long-range main website.
Further, the method specifically comprises the following steps：
(1) communication module local ethernet mouth and virtual network port state are detected；
(2) judge whether the state of Ethernet interface and virtual network port is normal, if it is, entering step (3)；If not,
Then return to step (1)；
(3) TCP server of Ethernet interface is established, waits concentrator to initiate TCP connections；
(4) judge whether concentrator is connected to the TCP server of Ethernet interface, if it is, entering step (5)；If
It is no, then return to step (3)；
(5) treat that the TCP Client of concentrator is connected to the TCP server of Ethernet interface, just establish the TCP visitors of virtual network port
Family end, is connected to long-range main website server；
(6) judge whether to be connected to long-range main website server, if yes then enter step (7), if it is not, then communication close
Module and the connection of concentrator and long-range main website server, and return to step (1)；
(7) data that concentrator to be received and long-range main website are sent such as；
(8) judge whether waiting process occurs mistake, if it is, communication close module takes with concentrator and long-range main website
The connection of business device, and return to step (1)；If otherwise enter step (9)；
(9) judge whether to receive long-range main website or the data of concentrator, if it is, entering step (10)；If not,
Then return to step (7)；
(10) when communication module receives the request of data that long-range main website sends, request content is parsed, is changed by stipulations,
Request of data is sent to concentrator；The data recovery of concentrator transmission is received, is changed by stipulations and is sent to data recovery
Long-range main website；
(11) judge whether data transmission procedure occurs mistake, if it is, communication close module is with concentrator and remotely
The connection of main website server, and return to step (1)；If it is not, then return to step (7).
Last aspect of the present invention provides a kind of communication means of power information acquisition system, applied to such as above
The power information acquisition system, the described method includes：
TCP/IP connections are established by Ethernet between main control MCU chip and concentrator, concentrator is client, and MCU is
Server, establishes first group of C/S connection；
Main control MCU chip is established TCP/IP with long-range main website by 4G chips and is connected, and the 4G chips are combined as with USB
A virtual network port of MCU, MCU are client, and long-range main website is server, establish second group of C/S connection；
MCU simulation main website servers read the data of concentrator client, and simulate concentrator client end response and remotely lead
The request of data of site server, completes the data interaction between concentrator and long-range main website.
Further, the method specifically comprises the following steps：
(1) communication module local ethernet mouth and virtual network port state are detected；
(2) judge whether the state of Ethernet interface and virtual network port is normal, if it is, entering step (3)；If not,
Then return to step (1)；
(3) TCP server of Ethernet interface is established, waits concentrator to initiate TCP connections；
(4) judge whether concentrator is connected to the TCP server of Ethernet interface, if it is, entering step (5)；If
It is no, then return to step (3)；
(5) treat that the TCP Client of concentrator is connected to the TCP server of Ethernet interface, just establish the TCP visitors of virtual network port
Family end, is connected to long-range main website server；
(6) judge whether to be connected to long-range main website server, if yes then enter step (7), if it is not, then communication close
Module and the connection of concentrator and long-range main website server, and return to step (1)；
(7) data that concentrator to be received and long-range main website are sent such as；
(8) judge whether waiting process occurs mistake, if it is, communication close module takes with concentrator and long-range main website
The connection of business device, and return to step (1)；If otherwise enter step (9)；
(9) judge whether to receive long-range main website or the data of concentrator, if it is, entering step (10)；If not,
Then return to step (7)；
(10) when communication module receives the request of data that long-range main website sends, request content is parsed, is changed by stipulations,
Request of data is sent to concentrator；The data recovery of concentrator transmission is received, is changed by stipulations and is sent to data recovery
Long-range main website；
(11) judge whether data transmission procedure occurs mistake, if it is, communication close module is with concentrator and remotely
The connection of main website server, and return to step (1)；If it is not, then return to step (7).
In conclusion the present invention provides a kind of high speed 4G concentrator communication modules, include the use of above-mentioned communication module
Power utilization information collection system and the two communication means, essentially consist under the limitation of prior art specification and do not change collection
On the premise of middle device interface between software and hardware, existing serial ports is replaced to carry out between concentrator and 4G communication modules using Ethernet interface
Connection.
The above-mentioned technical proposal of the present invention has following beneficial technique effect：
(1) communication mode of traditional concentrator standard interface (serial ports) is broken, using the service of 4G communication modules simulation main website
The mentality of designing of device, concentrator client, has broken the bottleneck of serial communication speed between common 4G communication modules and concentrator,
Up to 20-60 times of common 4G concentrators communication module (115Kbps) traffic rate.
(2) at the same time, high speed 4G modules have evaded different manufacturers concentrator and instruct common 4G concentrators to communicate mould by serial ports
The time sequence difference and instruction interaction difference of block online, compatible existing more than ten concentrators in market.User only needs to change the present invention
The communication module, you can realize the 4G Internet eco- crisis functions to concentrator, both simplify the work of 4G Internet eco- crisis,
Concentrator and the traffic rate of long-range main website are substantially increased again.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is common 4G concentrators communication module system block diagram in the prior art；
Fig. 2 is the high speed 4G concentrator communication module system block diagrams of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the high speed 4G concentrator communication module communication flow diagrams of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the high speed 4G concentrator communication module data flow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention of greater clarity, with reference to embodiment and join
According to attached drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.It should be understood that these descriptions are merely illustrative, and it is not intended to limit this hair
Bright scope.In addition, in the following description, the description to known features and technology is eliminated, to avoid this is unnecessarily obscured
The concept of invention.
As shown in Figure 1, common 4G communication modules only include 4G chips.4G chips are connected with concentrator by serial mode,
Mobile network's speed between traffic rate highest 115Kbps, 4G chip and long-range main website is up to 100Mbps.Since serial ports leads to
Believe the limitation of speed, the speed between concentrator and long-range main website only up to reach 115Kbps, it is impossible to embody the excellent of 4G networks
Gesture.
To improve the traffic rate of concentrator and long-range main website, the present invention provides a kind of high speed 4G concentrators communication mould
Block, including main control MCU chip, 4G chips, FLASH chip.The whole workflow of main control MCU chip control module, coordinates other
Chip operation, realizes the mutual conversion of 376.1 stipulations and DLT698.45 stipulations (data exchange agreement of object-oriented).4G cores
Piece is used for realizing that the wireless public network of module to long-range main website connects, which leads to 4G radio communication systems using the whole network, supports
Movement, unicom, the 4G communications of telecommunications and compatibility 3G, 2G communication, cover existing seven kinds of standards.FLASH chip, which is used to store, to be concentrated
Device parameter, module messaging parameter, stipulations conversion parameter etc..As shown in Fig. 2, the high speed 4G concentrator communication modules of the present invention are also wrapped
Include NFC chip.The NFC mobile phone that NFC chip coordinates prepackage to safeguard software is configured using module parameter is completed.The high speed 4G is concentrated
Device communication module carries out parameter configuration by NFC technique, will after module receives the parameter configuration order that NFC mobile device issues
Parameter is stored to FLASH chip, is communicated and is used for module.
Main control MCU chip is connected by network interface with concentrator, is connected by USB port with 4G chips, by spi bus with
FLASH chip connects, and is connected by I2C buses NFC chip.Main control MCU chip and the connection mode of 4G chips are not limited to
USB2.0 modes, with the development of 4G chips can also be PCIE, USB3.0 and high-speed serial bus AFDX based on optical fiber,
The communication modes such as FC.
TCP/IP connections are established by Ethernet between main control MCU chip and concentrator, concentrator is client, and MCU is
Server, establishes one group of C/S connection.Connected between main control MCU chip and 4G chips by USB, after main control MCU chip starts,
A QMI passage and a USB network adapter are created in USB connections, coordinates the QMI functions and network function of 4G chips.
First, MCU issues the series of parameters such as APN, user name by QMI passages to 4G chips；Then main control chip calls a series of
QMI guide service 4G chips complete network registry, log in the online flow such as long-range main website, it is established that 4G chips and long-range main website it
Between network connection；Hereafter USB network adapter is ready, and 4G chips are modeled into a virtual network port of main control MCU chip, main
Control MCU chip is client, and long-range main website is server, establishes another group of C/S connection.After the completion of connection is established above, master control
On the one hand MCU chip simulates the data that main website server reads concentrator client, on the other hand simulate concentrator client and ring
The request of data of long-range main website server is answered, completes the data interaction between concentrator and long-range main website at a high speed.
The communication means flow of above-mentioned data transfer is as shown in figure 3, when high speed 4G concentrator communication modules start after the power is turned on
Local ethernet mouth and virtual network port state are detected, detects that both states are normal, the TCP server for establishing Ethernet interface waits
Concentrator initiates connection, treats that the TCP Client of concentrator is connected to the TCP server of Ethernet interface, module just establishes virtual net
The TCP Client of mouth, is connected to long-range main website server, and hereafter module waits concentrator and long-range main website to send data.Work as mould
Block receives the request of data that long-range main website is sent, and parses request content, is changed by stipulations request of data being sent to concentration
Device；When module receives the data recovery of concentrator transmission, changed by stipulations and data recovery returned into long-range main website.Module exists
Establish TCP Client connection long-range main website, etc. concentrator to be received and long-range main website data, send to concentrator or long-range main website
In data procedures, if mistake occurs for the connection of module and concentrator or long-range main website, module can be closed with concentrator and remotely
The connection of main website, restarts to detect the state of Ethernet interface and virtual network port.
As shown in figure 4, after 4G chips receive the request of data that long-range main website issues by mobile network, pass through virtual net
Request of data is transferred to main control MCU chip by mouth, and main control MCU chip is a series of by caching and stipulations conversion etc. by request of data
After processing, request of data is transferred to concentrator client by simulation main website server by Ethernet, this module is supported at present
Conversion between 376.1 stipulations and DLT698.45 stipulations (data exchange agreement of object-oriented), can also do protocol extension；Collection
Middle device client is sent data response to main control MCU chip by Ethernet after receiving the request of data of virtual main website server
Virtual main website server, main control MCU chip responds data after caching and stipulations are changed, and simulation concentrator client will
Data response is sent to long-range main website clothes by virtual network port (USB and 4G chip portfolios into network adapter) and mobile network
Business device, completes a data interaction between long-range main website and concentrator.
As shown in table 1, the Ethernet connecting communication between high speed 4G concentrators communication module main control MCU chip and concentrator
For speed up to 100Mbps, virtual network port (USB2.0) connecting communication speed between main control MCU chip and 4G chips is reachable
240Mbps (theoretical transmission speed is 480Mbps, but actual transmission speed is usually no more than 240Mbps), 4G chips and long-range master
Mobile network's connection communication speed between standing can reach 100Mbps.Connected by three of the above communication mode, high speed 4G communications
Module, in theory up to 100Mbps, removes transmission and stipulations with long-range main website traffic rate under the conditions of 10Mbps broadband networks
Rate loss, the transmission rates of the high speed 4G concentrator communication modules such as processing can generally reach 2-6Mbps.And common 4G
Concentrator communication module connects concentrator by serial ports, and hump speed is only 115Kbps.In the reality of network bandwidth speed limit 2Mbps
Under the conditions of testing, the traffic rate for measuring 2G modules is 20.31Kbps, and the traffic rate of common 4G concentrators communication module is
68.7Kbps, the traffic rate of high speed 4G concentrator communication modules can reach 2.11Mbps.Under same test environment at a high speed
The traffic rate of 4G concentrator communication modules up to 30 times of common 4G concentrators communication module, greatly improve concentrator with
The traffic rate of main long-range main website.
Table 1
| Test item | File size | Transmission time | Transmission rate |
| 2G communication modules | 2542KB | 1000.8s | 20.31Kbps |
| Common 4G concentrator communication modules | 2542KB | 296.6s | 68.7Kbps |
| High speed 4G concentrator communication modules | 2542KB | 9.6s | 2.11Mbps |
In conclusion the present invention provides a kind of high speed 4G concentrator communication modules, include the use of above-mentioned communication module
Power utilization information collection system and the two communication means, essentially consist under the limitation of prior art specification and do not change collection
On the premise of middle device interface between software and hardware, existing serial ports is replaced to carry out concentrator and 4G concentrator communication modules using Ethernet interface
Between connection.The present invention connects concentrator and long-range main website by Ethernet, virtual network port, mobile network, is concentrated using 4G
Device communication module simulation main website server, the mentality of designing of concentrator client, broken traditional 4G concentrators communication module with
The bottleneck of serial communication speed between concentrator, up to 20-60 times of common 4G communication modules (115Kbps) traffic rate.Together
When, high speed 4G modules have evaded different manufacturers concentrator and have instructed the time sequence difference of 4G on-chips and instruction interaction poor by serial ports
It is different, compatible existing more than ten concentrators of in the market.User only needs to change communication module of the present invention, you can realizes to concentrating
The 4G Internet eco- crisis functions of device, had not only simplified the work of 4G Internet eco- crisis, but also substantially increased concentrator traffic rate.
It should be appreciated that the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention is used only for exemplary illustration or explains the present invention's
Principle, without being construed as limiting the invention.Therefore, that is done without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention is any
Modification, equivalent substitution, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.In addition, appended claims purport of the present invention
Covering the whole changes fallen into scope and border or this scope and the equivalents on border and repairing
Change example.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. high speed 4G concentrator communication modules, it is characterised in that including：Main control MCU chip, 4G chips and FLASH chip；The main control MCU chip is used for the workflow for controlling communication module, coordinates other chip operations；The wireless public network that the 4G chips are used for realization the communication module to long-range main website connects；The FLASH chip is used to store concentrator parameter, the messaging parameter of communication module and stipulations conversion parameter；The main control MCU chip is communicated to connect by Ethernet interface and concentrator.
- 2. high speed 4G concentrator communication modules according to claim 1, it is characterised in that further include NFC chip；It is described NFC chip coordinates prepackage to safeguard that the NFC mobile device of software completes module parameter configuration so that the high speed 4G concentrators communication Module carries out parameter configuration by NFC technique.
- 3. according to claim 1-2 any one of them high speed 4G concentrator communication modules, it is characterised in that the main control MCU Chip is connected by USB interface with 4G chips, is connected by spi bus with FLASH chip, is connected by I2C buses and NFC chip Connect.
- 4. high speed 4G concentrator communication modules according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the main control MCU chip and 4G It is any below the connection mode selected as of chip：USB2.0, PCIE, USB3.0, the high-speed serial bus AFDX based on optical fiber, The communication mode of FC.
- 5. according to claim 1-4 any one of them 4G concentrator communication modules, it is characterised in that the 4G concentrators communication Module, removes the rate loss of transmission and stipulations processing, traffic rate 2-6Mbps under the conditions of 10Mbps broadband networks.
- 6. a kind of power information acquisition system, it is characterised in that including concentrator, long-range main website and as claim 1-5 is any High speed 4G concentrator communication modules described in, the communication module is communicatively coupled with concentrator by Ethernet, and remote Journey main website is communicatively coupled by mobile network.
- 7. a kind of communication means of high speed 4G concentrator communication modules, it is characterised in that using such as any one of claim 1-5 institutes The high speed 4G concentrator communication modules stated communicate with concentrator and long-range main website, the described method includes：TCP/IP connections are established by Ethernet between main control MCU chip and concentrator, concentrator is client, and MCU is service Device, establishes first group of C/S connection；Main control MCU chip is established TCP/IP with long-range main website by 4G chips and is connected, and the 4G chips are combined as MCU's with USB One virtual network port, MCU are client, and long-range main website is server, establish second group of C/S connection；MCU simulation main website servers read the data of concentrator client, and simulate concentrator client end response long-range main website clothes The request of data of business device, completes the data interaction between concentrator and long-range main website, the ethernet channel by MCU concentrator 4G passages are transformed into, realize the high-speed communication of concentrator and long-range main website.
- 8. communication means according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the method specifically comprises the following steps：(1) communication module local ethernet mouth and virtual network port state are detected；(2) judge whether the state of Ethernet interface and virtual network port is normal, if it is, entering step (3)；If it is not, then return Return step (1)；(3) TCP server of Ethernet interface is established, waits concentrator to initiate TCP connections；(4) judge whether concentrator is connected to the TCP server of Ethernet interface, if it is, entering step (5)；If it is not, then Return to step (3)；(5) treat that the TCP Client of concentrator is connected to the TCP server of Ethernet interface, just establish the TCP client of virtual network port End, is connected to long-range main website server；(6) judge whether to be connected to long-range main website server, if yes then enter step (7), if it is not, then communication close module With the connection of concentrator and long-range main website server, and return to step (1)；(7) data that concentrator to be received and long-range main website are sent such as；(8) judge whether waiting process occurs mistake, if it is, communication close module and concentrator and long-range main website server Connection, and return to step (1)；If otherwise enter step (9)；(9) judge whether to receive long-range main website or the data of concentrator, if it is, entering step (10)；If it is not, then return Return step (7)；(10) when communication module receives the request of data that long-range main website sends, request content is parsed, is changed by stipulations, by number Concentrator is sent to according to request；The data recovery of concentrator transmission is received, is changed by stipulations and is sent to data recovery remotely Main website；(11) judge whether data transmission procedure occurs mistake, if it is, communication close module and concentrator and long-range main website The connection of server, and return to step (1)；If it is not, then return to step (7).
- 9. a kind of communication means of power information acquisition system, it is characterised in that applied to using telecommunications as claimed in claim 6 Acquisition system is ceased, the described method includes：TCP/IP connections are established by Ethernet between main control MCU chip and concentrator, concentrator is client, and MCU is service Device, establishes first group of C/S connection；Main control MCU chip is established TCP/IP with long-range main website by 4G chips and is connected, and the 4G chips are combined as MCU's with USB One virtual network port, MCU are client, and long-range main website is server, establish second group of C/S connection；MCU simulation main website servers read the data of concentrator client, and simulate concentrator client end response long-range main website clothes The request of data of business device, completes the data interaction between concentrator and long-range main website.
- 10. communication means according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the method specifically comprises the following steps：(1) communication module local ethernet mouth and virtual network port state are detected；(2) judge whether the state of Ethernet interface and virtual network port is normal, if it is, entering step (3)；If it is not, then return Return step (1)；(3) TCP server of Ethernet interface is established, waits concentrator to initiate TCP connections；(4) judge whether concentrator is connected to the TCP server of Ethernet interface, if it is, entering step (5)；If it is not, then Return to step (3)；(5) treat that the TCP Client of concentrator is connected to the TCP server of Ethernet interface, just establish the TCP client of virtual network port End, is connected to long-range main website server；(6) judge whether to be connected to long-range main website server, if yes then enter step (7), if it is not, then communication close module With the connection of concentrator and long-range main website server, and return to step (1)；(7) data that concentrator to be received and long-range main website are sent such as；(8) judge whether waiting process occurs mistake, if it is, communication close module and concentrator and long-range main website server Connection, and return to step (1)；If otherwise enter step (9)；(9) judge whether to receive long-range main website or the data of concentrator, if it is, entering step (10)；If it is not, then return Return step (7)；(10) when communication module receives the request of data that long-range main website sends, request content is parsed, is changed by stipulations, by number Concentrator is sent to according to request；The data recovery of concentrator transmission is received, is changed by stipulations and is sent to data recovery remotely Main website；(11) judge whether data transmission procedure occurs mistake, if it is, communication close module and concentrator and long-range main website The connection of server, and return to step (1)；If it is not, then return to step (7).
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