CN108037780B - Oil-immersed transformer cooling control method based on temperature rise and load factor - Google Patents
Oil-immersed transformer cooling control method based on temperature rise and load factor Download PDFInfo
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- CN108037780B CN108037780B CN201711328446.7A CN201711328446A CN108037780B CN 108037780 B CN108037780 B CN 108037780B CN 201711328446 A CN201711328446 A CN 201711328446A CN 108037780 B CN108037780 B CN 108037780B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/20—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
- H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
- H01F27/12—Oil cooling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cooling control method of an oil-immersed transformer based on temperature rise and load factor, which comprises the following steps: 1) collecting transformer offline and online data 2) establishing transformer hotspot temperature θhsCalculating a model, and solving the current hot spot temperature theta of the transformer by adopting a Longge Kutta methodhs(ii) a 3) For the top layer oil temperature theta of the transformertopWinding hot spot temperature thetahsPerforming sliding interval processing on real-time data such as load rate K and the like, and 4) formulating a cooling system control strategy; 5) the operation mode of the cooling system is adjusted, and the safety and reliability of the transformer are improved. The method of the invention preprocesses the input data, avoids frequent switching of the transformer cooling system caused by temperature or load fluctuation near the threshold value, and improves the safety and reliability of the cooling system and the transformer. Meanwhile, the accuracy of evaluating the thermal state of the transformer is improved by integrating various information, and a foundation is laid for the fine management of a cooling system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent control of a transformer cooling system, and particularly relates to a cooling control method of an oil-immersed transformer based on temperature rise and load factor.
Background
The cooling system is an important auxiliary device of the transformer, and the switching reliability and different operation modes of the cooling system are directly related to the safe and stable operation and the actual load carrying capacity of the transformer. The power loss generated by the transformer in the operation process can cause self heating, and if the heat cannot be timely dissipated, the reliable operation of the transformer is endangered. On the other hand, although the heat dissipation efficiency of the transformer can be improved and the internal temperature thereof can be reduced by increasing the number of the coolers, unnecessary resource waste is caused by excessive use of the coolers. Therefore, the actual operation condition of the transformer is judged according to the internal temperature and the load current of the transformer, the control strategy of the transformer cooling system is optimized, and the method has important significance for safe and stable operation and energy conservation of the transformer.
The temperature rise inside the transformer depends mainly on its internal power losses, i.e. no-load losses and load losses. The no-load loss is closely related to the magnetic flux density of the iron core, and the no-load loss is not obvious in change along with the load. The load loss is mainly composed of the winding dc resistance loss, and is proportional to the square of the load current. Therefore, a cooling system control strategy is usually formulated in the power grid according to the load factor of the transformer, and most substations only divide the cooler into two operation modes of full investment and full removal, so that the cooling system is inconvenient to be finely managed. In addition, the temperature rise inside the transformer depends on the power loss of the transformer, and is influenced by the cooling efficiency and the external environment, so the load factor of the transformer cannot accurately reflect the internal temperature of the transformer, and the strategy for formulating a transformer cooling system by adopting the load factor is not enough. At present, a plurality of intelligent transformer cooling control systems based on a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) appear in the market, but the systems need to be newly provided with a plurality of instrument devices, and the online monitoring data of the transformer cannot be fully utilized. In view of the existing control method of the cooling system, the following problems still exist: 1) only the cooling system is divided into two operation modes of full investment and full cutting, which is not convenient for fine management and energy saving; 2) the effect of an external environment is ignored, the transformer cooling system is managed according to the load factor, and the actual running state of the transformer cannot be accurately reflected; 3) when the internal temperature and load fluctuation of the transformer are not considered, the frequent switching of the cooling system brings potential threats to the service life and the safety and reliability of the cooling system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide the cooling control method of the oil-immersed transformer based on the temperature rise and the load factor, which has the advantages of simple judgment, stable switching and strong practicability.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the oil-immersed transformer cooling control method based on temperature rise and load factor comprises the following steps:
1) collecting offline and online data of the transformer, and completing real-time data storage of the transformer;
2) according to the internal heat transfer process and the heat transfer theory of the transformer, the hot spot temperature theta of the transformer is establishedhsCalculating a model, and solving the current hot spot temperature theta of the transformer by adopting a Longge Kutta methodhs；
3) For the top layer oil temperature theta of the transformertopWinding hot spot temperature thetahsThe sliding interval processing is carried out on the load rate K real-time data, so that frequent switching of a cooling system caused by fluctuation of temperature or load near a threshold value is avoided;
4) evaluating the thermal state of the transformer by adopting data processed in the sliding interval, and then formulating a cooling system control strategy;
5) and (4) adjusting the operation mode of the cooling system according to the control strategy of the cooling system formulated in the step 4), thereby improving the safety and reliability of the transformer.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the embodiment of the invention, the correlation between the top oil temperature, the hot spot temperature and the load factor of the transformer and the running state of the transformer is combined, the thermal state of the transformer is accurately evaluated, and the defects caused by the fact that a cooling system is managed only according to the load factor are avoided. (1) Collecting off-line and on-line data of the transformer, and fully utilizing the representation information of the thermal state of the transformer; (2) establishing a transformationHot spot temperature theta of devicehsEstimating a model to accurately reflect the internal thermal state of the transformer; (3) the data such as the oil temperature of the top layer of the transformer, the hot spot temperature, the load rate and the like are preprocessed by adopting a sliding interval method, so that frequent switching of a cooling system caused by fluctuation of the internal temperature and the load of the transformer near threshold values is avoided, and the safety and reliability of the cooling system and the transformer are improved; (4) the thermal state of the transformer is divided into three states of not putting in the cooler (0%), putting in the half cooler (50%) and putting in the full cooler (100%), so that the cooling system can be conveniently and finely managed, and energy is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a cooling system management according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating top layer oil temperature sliding interval processing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a control method of a cooling system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
The cooling system plays an important role in the running process of the transformer, the heat inside the transformer is timely transmitted out, and the working state of the cooling system is directly related to the safe and reliable running of the transformer. The top oil temperature and the hot spot temperature of the transformer can directly represent the thermal state of the transformer, but when the load changes, the internal temperature of the transformer cannot change suddenly immediately, but changes slowly in a period of time, and the thermal state of the transformer cannot be reflected timely. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention comprehensively evaluates the heat dissipation efficiency required by the transformer by combining the data such as the top oil temperature, the hot spot temperature and the load factor of the transformer, and preprocesses the collected data by adopting a sliding interval method, thereby avoiding frequent switching of a cooling system and finally providing suggestions for the management of the cooling system, wherein the specific flow is shown in fig. 1.
Specifically, the oil-immersed transformer cooling control method based on temperature rise and load factor provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
1) collecting offline and online data of the transformer, wherein the offline data comprise transformer standing book information, design and manufacturing parameters and factory temperature rise test data, and the online data comprise top-layer oil temperature theta acquired by using a temperature sensortopAnd ambient temperature thetaambAnd measuring the acquired transformer load current I by the current transformer.
2) According to the internal heat transfer process and the heat transfer theory of the transformer, the hot spot temperature theta of the transformer is establishedhsCalculating a model:
θhs＝H×(θwnd-θoil)+θtop
in the formula, thetaamb、θoil、θtopAnd thetahsAmbient temperature, average oil temperature, top layer oil temperature and hot spot temperature, qfeAnd q iscuRespectively, no-load loss and load loss of the transformer, Cth1、Cth2And Cth3Lumped heat capacity, R, in the ambient to average oil temperature, average to top layer oil temperature, and average to winding average temperature submodels, respectivelyth-oil-air、Rth-top-oilAnd Rth-wnd-oilThe heat dissipation thermal resistances from the average oil temperature to the ambient temperature, from the top oil temperature to the average oil temperature and from the average winding temperature to the average oil temperature are respectively shown, and H is a hot spot coefficient.
In the above model, the lumped heat capacity Cth1、Cth2、Cth3And heat dissipation thermal resistance Rth-oil-air、Rth-top-oil、Rth-wnd-oilThe calculation method of (2) is as follows:
Cth1＝coil*moil+ctank*mtank
Cth2＝cwnd*mwnd+cfe*mfe
Cth2＝cwnd*mwnd
in the formula, coil、ctank、cwndAnd cfeThe specific heat capacities of the transformer insulating oil, the shell, the iron core and the winding are respectively set; m isoil、mtank、mwndAnd mfeThe qualities of transformer insulating oil, shell, iron core and winding are respectively.
Then, the current hot spot temperature theta of the transformer is solved by adopting a Longge Kutta methodhs。
3) For the top layer oil temperature theta of the transformertopWinding hot spot temperature thetahsThe sliding interval processing is carried out on the real-time data such as the load rate K, and the frequent switching of a cooling system caused by the fluctuation of the temperature or the load near a threshold value is avoided; wherein the load factor K is I/Ie，IeThe rated current of the transformer. As shown in fig. 2, the sliding interval processing method is described by taking the top oil temperature as an example:
301) obtaining the temperature theta of the top layer oil of the N-1 th time of the transformer according to the information acquired in the step 1)top-N-1(hotspot temperature θ)hsOr load factor K) and sets the fluctuation value of the top oil temperature
Collecting top layer oil temperature theta for the N-1 th timetop-N-1Transition to temperature range
302) Collecting Nth top layer oil temperature theta of transformertop-NJudging thetatop-NWhether or not in the temperature interval
And (4) the following steps. If thetatop-NIn the temperature interval of the N-1 st time
In the interior, let thetatop-N＝θtop-N-1(ii) a If thetatop-NOut of temperature range
In the interior, let thetatop-N＝θtop-N；
303) Processing value theta in Nth-time transformer top oil temperature sliding intervaltop-NAs an input value of a cooling system control strategy, deciding the starting number of coolers;
304) returning to 301), performing the top oil temperature treatment for the (N + 1) th time.
4) The control strategy of the cooling system takes top oil temperature, hot spot temperature and load current as the evaluation quantity of the thermal state of the transformer, then the thermal state of the transformer can be expressed into 2-5 stages with different heat dissipation requirements according to actual requirements, and three stages of not putting in a cooler (0%), putting in a half cooler (50%) and putting in a full cooler (100%) are recommended. When the top oil temperature is less than 55 ℃, the hot spot temperature is less than 75 ℃ and the load factor is less than 60%, the cooler (0%) is not required; when the top oil temperature is more than or equal to 70 ℃, the hot spot temperature is more than or equal to 90 ℃ or the load factor is more than or equal to 80 percent, the whole cooler is recommended to be put into use (100 percent); otherwise, it is recommended to invest half the cooler (50%), the principle being shown in fig. 3.
5) The operation mode of the cooling system is adjusted, and the safety and reliability of the transformer are improved.
The following verification was performed in conjunction with the parameters (as in Table 1) and measured values for a 220kV-180MVA oil immersed air cooled (ONAF) transformer, where the top oil temperature θ of the transformer istop72 ℃, winding hot spot temperature θhsThe load factor K was 0.8 at 88 ℃. Fluctuation value of top layer oil temperature
Fluctuation value of hot spot temperature
Fluctuation value of load factor
The evaluation results show that the transformer should be put into the whole cooler (100%) at this time, so that the transformer can be operated safely and stably.
TABLE 1 Transformer parameters
| Parameter(s) | Value taking | Parameter(s) | Value taking |
| Weight m of insulating oiltank(kg) | 46000 | Test space-time load loss qfe(W) | 82169 |
| Winding weight mwnd(kg) | 18975 | Load loss q in the testcu(W) | 512386 |
| Core weight mfe(kg) | 66020 | Solar radiation power qsun(W) | 650 |
| Weight m of the housingtank(kg) | 17595 | Rated winding average temperature rise (K) | 44.5 |
| Specific heat capacity c of insulating oiloil(J/K) | 1440 | Rated top oil temperature rise (K) | 42.2 |
| Specific heat capacity c of iron core materialfe(J/K) | 446 | Rated average oil temperature rise (K) | 29 |
| Specific heat capacity c of winding materialwnd(J/K) | 390 | Rated current I (A) | 564 |
| Specific heat capacity c of shell materialtank(J/K) | 317.5 | Hot spot coefficient H | 1.1 |
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The oil-immersed transformer cooling control method based on temperature rise and load factor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) collecting offline and online data of the transformer, and completing real-time data storage of the transformer; the off-line data comprise transformer standing book information, design and manufacture parameters and factory temperature rise test data, and the on-line data comprise top-layer oil temperature theta acquired by using a temperature sensortopAnd ambient temperature thetaambMeasuring the acquired transformer load current I by the current transformer;
2) according to the internal heat transfer process and the heat transfer theory of the transformer, the hot spot temperature theta of the transformer is establishedhsCalculating a model, and solving the current hot spot temperature theta of the transformer by adopting a Longge Kutta methodhs；
3) For the top layer oil temperature theta of the transformertopWinding hot spot temperature thetahsThe sliding interval processing is carried out on the load rate K real-time data, so that frequent switching of a cooling system caused by fluctuation of temperature or load near a threshold value is avoided;
4) evaluating the thermal state of the transformer by adopting data processed in the sliding interval, and then formulating a cooling system control strategy;
5) adjusting the operation mode of the cooling system according to the control strategy of the cooling system formulated in the step 4), thereby improving the safety and reliability of the transformer;
in the step 2), the hot spot temperature thetahsThe calculation model is as follows:
θhs＝H×(θwnd-θoil)+θtop
in the formula, thetaamb、θoil、θtopAnd thetahsRespectively, ambient temperature, average oil temperature, top layer oil temperature and hot spot temperature; q. q.sfeAnd q iscuRespectively indicating no-load loss and load loss of the transformer; cth1、Cth2And Cth3Lumped heat capacities in the submodels from the environment temperature to the average oil temperature, from the average oil temperature to the top layer oil temperature and from the average oil temperature to the average winding temperature are respectively set; rth-oil-air、Rth-top-oilAnd Rth-wnd-oilThe heat dissipation thermal resistances from the average oil temperature to the ambient temperature, from the top oil temperature to the average oil temperature and from the winding average temperature to the average oil temperature are respectively; h is a hot spot coefficient;
the hot spot temperature thetahsIn the calculation model, the lumped heat capacity Cth1、Cth2、Cth3And heat dissipation thermal resistance Rth-oil-air、Rth-top-oil、Rth-wnd-oilThe calculation method of (2) is as follows:
Cth1＝coil*moil+ctank*mtank
Cth2＝cwnd*mwnd+cfe*mfe
Cth3＝cwnd*mwnd
in the formula, coil、ctank、cwndAnd cfeThe specific heat capacities of the transformer insulating oil, the shell, the iron core and the winding are respectively set; m isoil、mtank、mwndAnd mfeRespectively measuring the quality of the transformer insulating oil, the shell, the iron core and the winding, and then solving the current hot spot temperature theta of the transformer by adopting a Longge Kutta methodhs；
In step 3), the sliding section processing method includes:
301) obtaining the temperature theta of the top layer oil of the N-1 th time of the transformer according to the information acquired in the step 1)top-N-1And setting the fluctuation value of the top oil temperature
Collecting top layer oil temperature theta for the N-1 th timetop-N-1Transition to temperature range
302) Collecting Nth top layer oil temperature theta of transformertop-NJudging thetatop-NWhether or not in the temperature interval
If inside, if thetatop-NIn the temperature interval of the N-1 st time
In the interior, let thetatop-N＝θtop-N-1(ii) a If thetatop-NOut of temperature range
In the interior, let thetatop-N＝θtop-N；
303) Processing value theta in Nth-time transformer top oil temperature sliding intervaltop-NAs an input value of a cooling system control strategy, deciding the starting number of coolers;
304) returning to 301), performing the top oil temperature treatment for the (N + 1) th time.
2. Oil-filled transformer cooling control method based on temperature rise and load factor according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 3), load factor K ═ I/IeIn which IeThe rated current of the transformer.
3. The oil-immersed transformer cooling control method based on temperature rise and load factor according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the method for evaluating the thermal state of the transformer and making the control strategy of the cooling system comprises the following steps:
by top oil temperature θtopHot spot temperature thetahsAnd taking the sliding interval processing value of the load factor K as the evaluation value of the thermal state of the transformer, and then expressing the thermal state of the transformer as 2-5 stages with different heat dissipation efficiency requirements according to actual requirements.
4. The oil-immersed transformer cooling control method based on temperature rise and load factor according to claim 3, characterized by adopting three stages of not putting in a cooler, putting in a half cooler and putting in a full cooler;
when the oil temperature of the top layer is less than 55 ℃, the hot spot temperature is less than 75 ℃ and the load factor is less than 60%, the cooler is not put into use; when the oil temperature of the top layer is more than or equal to 70 ℃, the hot spot temperature is more than or equal to 90 ℃ or the load factor is more than or equal to 80 percent, putting all coolers; otherwise, half of the cooler is put into.
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