CN108031573A - The regulation and control method of single drop electrostatic spraying system steady operation - Google Patents
The regulation and control method of single drop electrostatic spraying system steady operation Download PDFInfo
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- CN108031573A CN108031573A CN201810080591.6A CN201810080591A CN108031573A CN 108031573 A CN108031573 A CN 108031573A CN 201810080591 A CN201810080591 A CN 201810080591A CN 108031573 A CN108031573 A CN 108031573A
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- drop
- nozzle
- flow
- fpga
- photomultiplier
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
- B05B5/0255—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns spraying and depositing by electrostatic forces only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
- B05B12/08—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means
- B05B12/084—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material already sprayed on the target, e.g. coating thickness, weight or pattern
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/16—Arrangements for supplying liquids or other fluent material
- B05B5/1608—Arrangements for supplying liquids or other fluent material the liquid or other fluent material being electrically conductive
Abstract
The present invention discloses the regulation and control method of single drop electrostatic spraying system steady operation, belongs to electrostatic drop generation technology field.Single drop electrostatic spraying system can monitor drop in real time and enter laser beam range of exposures moment t and single droplet size V.And estimate the average discharge of drop injectionIt is allowed to as actual liquid supply rate flow velocity QsSetting reference value.This method uses start-up circuit of the photomultiplier as control set for adjusting, light scattering phenomenon will occur when the drop of drippage enters laser beam range of exposures, the light pulse signal being collected into is converted into enabling signal of the electric impulse signal as the system by photomultiplier.Single droplet size and drop the generation time interval ejected is detected by photoelectric technology and estimates the average discharge that drop spraysIt is allowed to supply flow quantity Q as actualsSetting reference value, it is possible to achieve at nozzle liquid volume relatively stablize, so as to ensure the stabilization of drop generation time interval and single droplet size.
Description
Technical field
It is based on producing drop apparatus control system for electrostatic the present invention relates to one kind, further relates to single drop electrostatic spraying system
The regulation and control method of system steady operation, belongs to electrostatic drop generation technology field.
Background technology
Currently used droplet producing method includes pneumatic type, piezoelectric type, thermal bubble type and electrostatic.Wherein pneumatic type, pressure
Electric-type and thermal bubble type are all to be squeezed out drop from nozzle by regulating and controlling pressure, and electrostatic not phase with above several ways
Together, this mode is to overcome Surface Tension of Liquid Drops it is dripped at nozzle using electric field force.Compared with other three kinds of modes, this
Kind mode can not only produce the drop more much smaller than nozzle diameter, and will not when injection includes the liquid of particle or cell
Block.In addition which also has the advantages that easy to operate, cost is low and drop size control range is big.This hair
The bright volume proposed using the time interval and each drop for being detected drop generation in real time based on light scattering technique, is calculated due to liquid
The average discharge that drop is sprayed and producedFlow quantity Q is supplied by adjustingsWithMatching, reaches drop generation time interval and list
The working status that a droplet size is stablized.
The physical principle of electrostatic spraying drop form initially finds by Rayleigh, the liquid surface meeting under forceful electric power field action
It is unstable, produce drop and jet stream.Subsequent Taylor also carries out correlation theory research to it, as shown in Figure 1：A certain amount of liquid
At nozzle.Liquid has certain electric conductivity.Under the conditions of quasi-static, liquid is considered as perfact conductor.In liquid and receipts
Apply certain voltage between collector 5, so that electric field is produced between liquid and passive electrode, while liquid surface has electric charge
Produce, the deformation under electric field force, gravity and surface tension of liquid synergy of electrically charged liquid, form taper liquid level (Taylor
Cone).Since charge concentration is at the top of taylor cone, liquid stress is also concentrated at the top of taylor cone.When the work of electric field force, gravity
During with being large enough to overcome surface tension by force, the fracture of taylor cone top liquid, forms drop.The droplet size being usually formed is much
Less than the liquid volume (volume of i.e. whole taylor cone) of nozzle aggregation.Due to carrying taylor cone major part when drop produces
Electric charge, so drop produces liquid levels shape at rear jet and reverts to semilune liquid level rapidly from Taylor's taper liquid level.Then,
Liquid surface electric charge is accumulated again, forms taylor cone liquid level again, and the cycle is produced into next drop.For physical characteristic one
The characteristic such as fixed liquid, the time interval that the geometry of taylor cone, the volume for producing drop and drop produce is mainly by liquid
Electric field between body and passive electrode determines.Under usual working condition, this electric field is mainly by between liquid and passive electrode
Voltage determine.If the liquid average discharge of spout is left as caused by producing drop(flow formed is produced by drop
It is discrete, but its average discharge can be defined in certain period of time, onMeasurement have in the content of the invention in detail
Introduce) supply flow quantity Q with systems(such as 2 feed flow of syringe as shown in Figure 2 is used in this experimental provision) keeps balance, then
The volume of drop generation time interval and generation drop is kept constant, i.e., droplet-generating systems are in stable working status.
But during usual electrostatic drop produces, drop produces the average discharge to be formedWith supplying flow quantity QsNot
Match somebody with somebody, be in an unsure state so as to cause drop to produce, drop generation frequency and single droplet size become with the time
Change.The actual conditions that usual electrostatic drop is run into producing are flowsWith flow QsIt is unequal, but mismatch and unobvious.This
Mainly for such case injection apparatus is adjusted control in invention.Due to the nozzle liquid volume in the generation of electrostatic drop
(i.e. the volume of taylor cone) is usually much larger than the volume of the single drop produced, therefore, single droplet size V and generation time
Interval of delta t is slowly varying with the time.The characteristic time that V and Δ t are changed over time is far longer than Δ t.When flow mismatch causes
When taylor cone geometry is substantially change, drop Production conditions cataclysm.Two kinds of situations would generally occur.One, V, Δ t,At any time
Between slowly varying (the variation characteristic time is much larger than Δ t) and meetingNozzle liquid is slowly reduced, and is reduced to certain
During amount, drop produces minibreak, causes in the of short duration timeSubsequent nozzle liquid recovers, and drop produces extensive therewith
It is multiple, and slowly varying section is reformed into, this Period Process repeats, as shown in Figure 3.Two, V, Δ t,It is slow with the time
(the variation characteristic time is much larger than Δ t) and meets for changeNozzle liquid is slowly increased, when increasing to a certain amount of, production
Life one or several droplet sizes are far longer than V, cause in of short duration time intervalSubsequent nozzle liquid subtracts rapidly
Few, drop produces state and recovers to the slowly varying stage, this Period Process repeats, as shown in Figure 4.In above-mentioned two situations,
Due to QsSet withMismatch, cause drop generation time interval of delta t and/or single droplet size V cyclically-varyings, change
Period of time T be typically much deeper than Δ t.And there are two time intervals in each cycle：I.e.Metastable gradual section
T1, andThe cataclysm section T of acute variation2, wherein T1≈ T, T2＜ ＜ T.Δ t and/or V wherein in cataclysm time interval is acute
Strong change, causesGeneration acute variation.Therefore, droplet flow is monitored in real timeKeepWith QsIt is mutually matched and is produced for electrostatic
The steady operation of raw liquid droplet system is helpful.
The liquid for monitoring the time interval Δ t of drop generation in real time using the control set for adjusting based on light scattering and ejecting
Drop volume V, calculates the average discharge caused by drop spraysAnd with supplying flow quantity QsIt is compared, finds gradual section
T1And obtain the average discharge in this sectionThe feed flow flow value Q of the system is updated using this values, nozzle is ensured with this
The stabilization of liquid volume.The scattering method for measuring micron medium bulb diameter is to be based on Mie scattering theories.Scattered light intensity is with scattering
Angle α is in cyclically-varying, and for certain wavelength, its change frequency is directly proportional to sphere diameter, and proportionality coefficient is normal by the dielectric of medium
Number determines.Correlation technique refers to《Light Scattering By Small Particles》.With being shot based on area array CCD
Drop picture simultaneously measures the method for liquid-drop diameter and compares, and line array CCD is single using the method collection of light scattering measurement liquid-drop diameter
The angle distribution signal of a drop scattered light intensity, the data volume of this signal is small, with reference to the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) side based on FPGA
Method calculates scattering optic angle changes in distribution frequency, so as to extrapolate liquid-drop diameter, it can be achieved that (short to extremely short drop generation time interval
To 0.1ms) real-time monitoring.
The content of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of single drop Elecstrostatic spraying apparatus used easy to industry and scientific research, which can monitor in real time
Drop enters laser beam range of exposures moment t and single droplet size V.And estimate the average discharge of drop injectionIt is allowed to
As actual liquid supply rate flow velocity QsSetting reference value, ensure that nozzle liquid volume relatively stablize so that under the electric field
The taylor cone form that nozzle liquid is formed is consistent, and then realizes that drop generation time interval and single droplet size V keep steady
It is fixed.It can preferably meet high-precision scientific experiment compared to unmonitored single drop Elecstrostatic spraying apparatus to be used is currently led
Demand.
A kind of list drop electrostatic spraying system, the system is by driving motor 1, syringe 2, nozzle 3, nozzle holder 4, drop
Collector 5, laser 6, lens 7, photomultiplier 8, line array CCD 9, analog-digital converter ADC 10, FPGA 11 and high-voltage electricity
Source 12 forms.Driving motor 1 is connected with syringe 2, and syringe 2 is driven by driving motor 1；The nozzle of syringe 2 is set
There is nozzle 3, nozzle 3 is fixed on nozzle holder 4, and nozzle 3 is corresponding with drip collector 5；Nozzle 3 and drip collector 5
Between be equipped with high voltage power supply 12；Laser 6 is arranged on the side between nozzle 3 and drip collector 5, and what laser 6 projected swashs
Light produces scattering after nozzle 3 drips drop, and scattering laser is interacted by lens 7 with photomultiplier 8；Photomultiplier transit
Pipe 8 is connected with FPGA 11, and FPGA 11 is connected with analog-digital converter ADC 10, and analog-digital converter ADC 10 connects with line array CCD 9
Connect.
Apply high voltage power supply 12 between nozzle 3 and collector 5 and introduce electrostatic potential, syringe device 2 is pushed away driving motor 1
Under dynamic with a certain flow velocity for liquid, the liquid of 3 nozzle of nozzle produces shape under electric field force, gravity and surface tension synergy
Become and Taylor's taper is presented, when the powerful of electric field force and gravity is to when being enough to overcome surface tension, taylor cone top liquid
Fracture, forms drop, is collected by collector 5.
It is different from electrostatic liquid droplet ejection system of the routine without real time monitoring, add in the present invention in electrostatic liquid droplet ejection apparatus
There is a control set for adjusting, which is turned by laser 6, lens 7, photomultiplier 8, line array CCD 9, modulus
Totally six parts form parallel operation ADC 10 and FPGA 11, as shown in Figure 2.
The regulation and control method of single drop electrostatic spraying system steady operation, this method use photomultiplier as adjustment control
The start-up circuit of device, will occur light scattering phenomenon, photomultiplier transit when the drop of i-th of drippage enters laser beam range of exposures
The light pulse signal being collected into is converted into enabling signal of the electric impulse signal as the system by pipe.When enabling signal is effective,
Record moment ti.FPGA controls information of the line array CCD collection of scattered light intensity with angle of scattering α at the same time.Linear Array CCD Signal is through modulus
Converter ADC is converted into digital signal, by FPGA by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) IP kernel by light scatter intensity with the angle of scattering α cycles
The time-domain information of change is transformed to frequency information, so as to calculate single droplet size Vi.Then average discharge is calculatedIt is defined as the average discharge that (n-m+1)~n-th of this m drop produces, and represents to swash when n-th of drop enters
During light beam, include the average flow rate value of the preceding m drop generation of current drop, shown in specific formula for calculation such as formula (1).
FPGA passes through the single droplet size V that is collected intoiEnter the information of laser beam range of exposures moment t with single drop
CalculateAnd send computer to, draw outFlow scatter diagram, finds out gradual section T1 and removes cataclysm section
The data of T2, the drop for calculating gradual section T1 produce the average value of flowIn order to be in electrostatic dropproducing devices
Steady-working state, will be for flow quantity QsIt is changed toThe feed flow flow value new as the system.
M values can voluntarily be changed according to requirement of experiment.M values are bigger, represent that more drops produces average dischargeLead
Cause flow scatter diagram excessively smooth and cannot accurately embody drop generation average discharge and supply flow quantity Q with systemsDifference；M values
It is smaller, represent that drop produces the scatterplot fluctuation of average discharge clearly and can distinguish gradual section T1 and cataclysm section T2 well.
Opto-electronic conversion and analog-to-digital conversion are carried out using line array CCD and analog-digital converter ADC.Line array CCD is by scattered light intensity
Electric signal is converted into the optical signal of angle of scattering α, this analog electrical signal is converted into digital signal and sent by analog-digital converter ADC
To FPGA.Scattered light intensity is calculated with angle of scattering change frequency using FPGA Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) IP kernels, so as to calculate
Single droplet size.The device can realize that Minimum-time interval drop produces the real-time monitoring of working status.Specific estimation of measure grade
For the monitoring speed of 10KHz, using 2048 pixel line array CCDs (such as the line array CCD model of Toshiba of 20MHz sample frequencys
TCD1209D) its per second can reach 9578 frames (about 10K frames/second)；Using the analog-digital converter ADC of working frequency 40MHz
Analog-to-digital conversion and the matching of CCD measuring speeds can be achieved in (such as AD9945).Signal processing wherein is carried out using FPGA, is treated
Cheng Caiyong pipeline systems, can support the maximal rate of CCD to detect and pass through the drop of laser beam, monitoring frequency about 10KHz,
Corresponding drop generation time interval 0.1ms.Speed significantly larger than produces state using area array CCD and image processing method to drop
Detection.
FPGA processing signals include four parts：S1, carry out FIR filtering to the transformed digital signals of analog-digital converter ADC.
S2, carry out FIR filtered data Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT) conversion.The frequency corresponding to peak value after S3, extraction FFT
Rate value.The frequency values reflect the characteristic of drop scattered striation, and then reflect the size of drop, so as to calculate the body of drop
Product V.S4, record simultaneously calculate m drop generation flowWith time t and data are uploaded to computer end.
Brief description of the drawings
A certain amount of liquid of Fig. 1 drips schematic diagram at nozzle.
Fig. 2 Experimental equipments.
Fig. 3 systems set flow velocity less than normal and drop produces flow velocity schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 systems set flow velocity bigger than normal and drop produces flow velocity schematic diagram.
Embodiment
As shown in Fig. 2, the system mainly by driving motor 1, syringe 2, nozzle 3, nozzle holder 4, drip collector 5,
Laser 6, lens 7, photomultiplier 8, line array CCD 9, analog-digital converter ADC 10, FPGA 11 and high voltage power supply 12 form.
Also added with a control set for adjusting in the electrostatic spraying drop device, by laser 6, lens 7, photomultiplier 8, linear array
Totally 6 parts form by CCD 9, analog-digital converter ADC 10 and FPGA 11.Laser beam that wherein laser 6 is launched and lens 7,
Photomultiplier 8 and line array CCD 9 are all in same level, and at 3 lower section 1cm of nozzle.Lens 7 and photomultiplier transit
Pipe 8 is individually positioned at the 10cm and 20cm of 3 vertical direction of nozzle, and in a certain angle with light beam in the horizontal direction
(such as 45 degree of angles)；Line array CCD 9 is placed on and another angle orientation of beam direction (such as 45 degree of angles).Control set for adjusting
Placement position do not provide that the angle and distance that device is put can be adjusted according to experimental conditions clearly.
FPGA processing signals include four parts：S1, carry out FIR filtering to the transformed digital signals of analog-digital converter ADC.
S2, carry out FIR filtered data Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT) conversion.The frequency corresponding to peak value after S3, extraction FFT
Rate value.The frequency values reflect the characteristic of drop scattered striation, and then reflect the size of drop, so as to calculate the body of drop
Product V.S4, record simultaneously calculate m drop generation flowWith time t and data are uploaded to computer end.
Finally, the data of gradual section T1 and cataclysm section T2 are gone out by MATLAB plot analysis, calculate gradual section
The drop of T1 produces the average value of flowIn order to enable electrostatic droplet-generating systems are in steady-working state, will be for liquid stream
Measure QsIt is changed toNew feed flow flow value as the system.
Claims (4)
- A kind of 1. list drop electrostatic spraying system, it is characterised in that：The system is by driving motor (1), syringe (2), nozzle (3), nozzle holder (4), drip collector (5), laser (6), lens (7), photomultiplier (8), line array CCD (9), modulus Converter ADC (10), FPGA (11) and high voltage power supply (12) composition；Driving motor (1) is connected with syringe (2), syringe (2) It is driven by driving motor (1)；The nozzle of syringe (2) is equipped with nozzle (3), and nozzle (3) is fixed on nozzle holder (4) On, nozzle (3) is corresponding with drip collector (5)；High voltage power supply (12) is equipped between nozzle (3) and drip collector (5)；Swash Light device (6) is arranged on the side between nozzle (3) and drip collector (5), and the laser that laser (6) projects passes through nozzle (3) Scattering is produced after dripping drop, scattering laser is interacted by lens (7) with photomultiplier (8)；Photomultiplier (8) with FPGA (11) connections, FPGA (11) are connected with analog-digital converter ADC (10), and analog-digital converter ADC (10) connects with line array CCD (9) Connect；Apply high voltage power supply (12) between nozzle (3) and drip collector (5) and introduce electrostatic potential, syringe (2) is in driving electricity Under the promotion of machine (1) with a certain flow velocity for liquid, the liquid of nozzle (3) nozzle is combined in electric field force, gravity and surface tension Effect is lower to be produced deformation Taylor's taper is simultaneously presented, when the powerful of electric field force and gravity is arrived when being enough to overcome surface tension, Thailand The liquid fracture of vertex of a cone end is strangled, forms drop, drop is collected by drip collector (5).
- A kind of 2. single drop electrostatic spraying system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：FPGA processing signals include four parts：S1, carry out FIR filtering to the transformed digital signals of analog-digital converter ADC.S2、 The filtered data of FIR are carried out with Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT) conversion.The frequency corresponding to peak value after S3, extraction FFT Value.The frequency values reflect the characteristic of drop scattered striation, and then reflect the size of drop, so as to calculate the volume of drop V.S4, record simultaneously calculate m drop generation flowWith time t and data are uploaded to computer end.
- 3. the regulation and control method of the single drop electrostatic spraying system steady operation carried out using system described in claim 1, its feature It is：This method uses start-up circuit of the photomultiplier as control set for adjusting, when the drop of i-th of drippage enters laser Light scattering phenomenon will occur during beam range of exposures, the light pulse signal being collected into is converted into electric impulse signal and made by photomultiplier For the enabling signal of the system；When enabling signal is effective, moment t is recordedi；The line array CCD collection of scattered light of FPGA controls at the same time Intensity with angle of scattering α information；Linear Array CCD Signal is converted into digital signal through analog-digital converter ADC, passes through quick Fu by FPGA In leaf transformation IP kernel light scatter intensity is transformed to frequency information with the time-domain information of angle of scattering α mechanical periodicities, so as to calculate Single droplet size Vi；Then average discharge is calculatedIt is defined as (n-m+1)~n-th of this m drop and produces Average discharge, represent when n-th of drop enters laser beam, include current drop preceding m drop produce average discharge Value, shown in specific formula for calculation such as formula (1)；FPGA passes through the single droplet size V that is collected intoiCalculated with the information of single drop into laser beam range of exposures moment t Go outAnd send computer to, draw outFlow scatter diagram, finds out gradual section T1 and removes cataclysm section T2's Data, the drop for calculating gradual section T1 produce the average value of flowIn order to enable electrostatic dropproducing devices are in steady Determine working status, will be for flow quantity QsIt is changed toNew feed flow flow value as the system.
- 4. the regulation and control method of list drop electrostatic spraying system steady operation according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：M values can voluntarily be changed according to requirement of experiment.M values are bigger, represent that more drops produces average dischargeCause to flow Amount scatter diagram is excessively smooth and cannot accurately embody drop generation average discharge and supply flow quantity Q with systemsDifference；M values are smaller, Represent that drop produces the scatterplot fluctuation of average discharge clearly and can distinguish gradual section T1 and cataclysm section T2 well.
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Cited By (10)
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| CN109754890A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-05-14 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of production method of the radioactive seed source source core using electrohydrodynamics fine liquid drop spray |
| CN109907880A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-06-21 | 江苏师范大学 | The eyedrop drip system of eyes treatment |
| CN112570204A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-03-30 | 深圳市轴心自控技术有限公司 | Glue dispensing compensation system and compensation method based on glue flow detection |
| CN112844895A (en) * | 2021-01-03 | 2021-05-28 | 清华大学 | Device for controlling liquid jet flow crushing |
| CN113634383A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-11-12 | 江汉大学 | Extreme ultraviolet light source droplet target generation device and method based on electric field force induction |
| CN114082459A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-02-25 | 北京航空航天大学 | High-speed liquid drop preparation device |
| US11283936B1 (en) | 2020-12-18 | 2022-03-22 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Ink usage estimation for each drop size based on histogram and calibrated drop fraction |
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| CN109754890A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-05-14 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of production method of the radioactive seed source source core using electrohydrodynamics fine liquid drop spray |
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| CN113634383A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-11-12 | 江汉大学 | Extreme ultraviolet light source droplet target generation device and method based on electric field force induction |
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| US11745501B1 (en) | 2022-02-11 | 2023-09-05 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Drop size monitoring mechanism |
| US11755865B1 (en) | 2022-03-01 | 2023-09-12 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Drop size monitoring mechanism |
| US11731420B1 (en) | 2022-03-14 | 2023-08-22 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Drop size monitoring mechanism |
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Application publication date: 20180515 |