CN108027107A - Liquid coolant method of evaporating and system - Google Patents

Liquid coolant method of evaporating and system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108027107A
CN108027107A CN201680055730.9A CN201680055730A CN108027107A CN 108027107 A CN108027107 A CN 108027107A CN 201680055730 A CN201680055730 A CN 201680055730A CN 108027107 A CN108027107 A CN 108027107A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
evaporator
pressure
liquid coolant
gaseous refrigerant
turbine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201680055730.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
查尔斯·L·卡里斯坦
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority claimed from PCT/US2016/054885 external-priority patent/WO2017059299A1/en
Publication of CN108027107A publication Critical patent/CN108027107A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
    • F17C7/04—Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C1/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
    • F02C1/002—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid using an auxiliary fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F17C9/04—Recovery of thermal energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2210/00—Working fluids
    • F05D2210/10—Kind or type
    • F05D2210/12—Kind or type gaseous, i.e. compressible
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/011—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/013—Carbone dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/035—High pressure, i.e. between 10 and 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0311—Air heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0316—Water heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/05—Regasification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/07—Generating electrical power as side effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/05—Applications for industrial use
    • F17C2270/0581—Power plants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

Liquid coolant from the storage tank with headspace pressure P1 is flashed to by gaseous refrigerant by pressure build-up evaporator, and the pressure of the gaseous refrigerant is accumulated to pressure P2.Pressurized gaseous refrigerant under pressure P2 expands through expander to reduce its pressure and be supplied to point of use, which is located at and is included at the facility of the evaporator under pressure P3.P2≥2×P3.The energy of expanded gas can be recovered in the form of mechanical energy, electric energy.

Description

Liquid coolant method of evaporating and system
Cross reference to related applications
The application is according to 35 119 (e) bar requirements of United States Code No. in the US provisional patent Shen that October 1 in 2015 submits The power of the priority for the U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/236,532 that please be submitted number on October 2nd, 62/235,868 and 2015 Benefit, contents of these applications are incorporated herein by quoting.
Background technology
Technical field
The present invention relates to supply industrial gasses from the evaporator for being supplied to liquid gas.
Background technology
Industrial gasses are used to apply by many manufacturing operations, such as welding, cutting, heating, cooling, curing, inerting, burning Deng.Operation for consuming a large amount of industrial gasses, it is more economical to store gas with liquefied form.For the behaviour of these types Make, gas is obtained by the way that liquid gas is supplied to environment temperature evaporator from storage tank, wherein the heat of ambient air Provide required evaporation latent heat.Typically, the headspace pressure of storage tank is higher than storage tank and the point of use for above application Between any part any pressure.It is more than the situation of the headspace pressure of storage tank in the gas pressure needed for point of use Under, pressure charging system is installed between storage tank and point of use.Typically, the relatively high pressure gas produced by evaporation is reduced to consumption Pressure needed for the point of use of the gas.However, industrial gasses industry is (for such as oxygen, nitrogen, argon gas, carbon dioxide, hydrogen The gases such as gas, hydrocarbon fuels) in the Conventional vaporizer that uses and associated gas distribution apparatus will not be from this pressure Power recycles any substantive useful energy part during reducing.
It is known that evaporation liquid nitrogen and making gained gaseous nitrogen expand through the liquid nitrogen power car of turbine.Nitrogen expansion is extremely Environmental pressure and it is simply discharged into air.Although technically interesting, it shows poor energy efficiency, Because consumed in the compression process of the air for the air separation equipment that compression supply is used to responsible production liquid nitrogen for vehicle Substantial amounts of electric power.Moreover, from vehicle discharge nitrogen not by it is any it is particularly useful in a manner of be utilized.
It is therefore an objective to recycle related to the pressure reduction of gas produced in evaporator evaporation, relative high pressure Any useful energy of connection.
The content of the invention
Disclose a kind of for evaporating liquid coolant to supply the method for gaseous refrigerant stream.This method includes following step Suddenly.Liquid coolant from the storage tank with headspace pressure P1 is supplied at least one pressure at facility and is accumulated Poly- evaporator.It is cold in surrounding air (and/or one other fluid) and the liquid through at least one evaporator that is supplied Heat-shift is to produce the pressurized gaseous refrigerant under pressure P2 between freezing agent.The pressurized gaseous refrigerant is expanded to less than P3 Pressure and be supplied to the point of use sent under pressure P3, wherein P2 >=2 × P3.Alternatively, the expanded gaseous refrigerant Turbine is supplied to produce mechanical energy.The mechanical energy is converted to electric energy alternately through alternating current generator.
Further disclose it is a kind of be used for evaporate liquid coolant to supply the system of gaseous refrigerant stream, which includes：Hold Receive the liquid-cryogen tank of liquid coolant, which is located at facility；For receiving the liquid freezing from the storage tank Agent and at least one pressure build-up evaporator for evaporating received liquid coolant；Expander, the expander are located at this At facility, make from least one pressure build-up evaporator receive through evaporative freezing agent evaporate and produce mechanical energy so that Dynamic mechanical device, such as revolving wormgear machine or displacement piston；Generator, the generator are located at the facility, for by the machine Tool can be converted into electric energy；And the point of use of the expanded refrigerant from the turbine is received, which is located at the facility Place；And the point of use or storing spot of corresponding electric energy.
This method and/or system can include following one or more aspects：
- at least one pressure build-up evaporator includes the n pressure build-up evaporator operated with alternate sequence, wherein N is equal to or the integer more than 1；When the first evaporator into this n evaporator supplies the liquid coolant, not to this n The second evaporator supply liquid coolant in a evaporator；While the liquid coolant is supplied to first evaporator, Gaseous refrigerant is supplied and by the turbine and swollen from another evaporator in this n evaporator to the turbine It is swollen；And while the liquid coolant is supplied to second evaporator, gaseous refrigerant is by from another in this n evaporator One evaporator supplies to the turbine and expands through the turbine.
- liquid coolant the source has headspace pressure PTop, and at least one pressure build-up evaporator include with N pressure build-up evaporator of alternate sequence operation, wherein n is equal to or the integer more than 1, which includes following company Continuous step：
When the pressure of the refrigerant in first evaporator is less than or equal to predetermined low pressure PLWhen, start the liquid of scheduled volume Body refrigerant supplies the first evaporator into this n evaporator；
After the supply of the liquid coolant to first evaporator is completed, it is allowed to cold in first evaporator The pressure for freezing agent accumulates to predetermined high pressure P by the heat exchangeH；
When the pressure of the refrigerant in first evaporator reaches PHWhen, make the gaseous refrigerant from first evaporator The first Venturi tube and the turbine continuously are expanded through, which includes throat and the suction in the throat downstream Entrance, performs the expansion of the gaseous refrigerant from first evaporator up to the refrigerant in first evaporator Pressure be decreased to predetermined pressure PI, stop the expansion of the refrigerant from first evaporator at this time；
The same of the first Venturi tube and the turbine is expanded through in the gaseous refrigerant from first evaporator When, it is allowed to the gaseous refrigerant stream of the second evaporator in this n evaporator enters the first Venturi tube suction intake In until the pressure of the refrigerant in second evaporator from predetermined medium/low pressure PILIt is decreased to PLOnce in second evaporator The pressure of refrigerant be decreased to PL, the gaseous refrigerant stream from second evaporator is just prevented from going to first venturi The suction intake of pipe；
When the pressure of the refrigerant in second evaporator is decreased to PL, by the liquid coolant of scheduled volume supply to this Two evaporators；
While the supply of the progress liquid coolant to second evaporator, continue described from first evaporation The gaseous refrigerant of device continuously expands through the first Venturi tube and the turbine until the gaseous state in first evaporator freezes The pressure of agent is decreased to PIL, and allow the pressure of the refrigerant in second evaporator to accumulate to P by the heat exchangeH； And
When the build pressure of the refrigerant in second evaporator reaches PHAnd the refrigerant in first evaporator Pressure reaches PILWhen, stop the gaseous refrigerant from first evaporator and expand through first Venturi tube and the whirlpool Turbine, starts the gaseous refrigerant from second evaporator and continuously expands through the second Venturi tube and the turbine, and The gaseous refrigerant stream is allowed to be flowed into from first evaporator in the suction intake of second Venturi tube, until first evaporation The pressure of refrigerant in device is from PILIt is decreased to PLOnce the pressure of the gaseous refrigerant in first evaporator is decreased to PL, Gaseous refrigerant stream from first evaporator is just prevented from going to the suction intake of second Venturi tube.
- the refrigerant is selected from the group being made of the following：Refrigerant, nitrogen, oxygen, argon gas, helium, hydrogen Gas and carbon dioxide.
- electric power is stored in storage battery.
- electric power is consumed at the facility.
- electric power input is to power grid.
- the point of use includes being supplied to the laser of nitrogen.
- the point of use includes the autoclave for solidification polymer and compound.
- the system further comprises：N the first valves, n the second valves and controller, wherein：At least one pressure Accumulation evaporator includes being adapted and being configured to the n pressure build-up evaporator operated with alternate sequence, and wherein n is greater than 1 integer；This n the first valves are associated with this n evaporator respectively and can operate independently to allow or prevent from the storage The liquid coolant that tank receives goes to one or more of this n evaporator evaporator；This n the second valves respectively with this n A evaporator is associated and can operate to be connect independently to allow or prevent from one or more of this n evaporator evaporator It is received to go to the turbine through evaporative freezing agent；And the controller be with logic come program programmable logic controller (PLC), It is adapted for maintaining first valve associated with first evaporator on open position to allow first evaporator It is filled liquid coolant while maintains second valve associated with second evaporator on open position to allow to come from The gaseous refrigerant of second evaporator expands through the turbine while by first valve associated with second evaporator Maintain on closed position to prevent second evaporator from being filled the liquid coolant from the storage tank, while will be with this Second valve that first evaporator is associated is maintained on closed position to prevent the gaseous refrigerant from first evaporator Expand through the turbine.
- the system further comprises the storage battery of the electric power for storing generator generation.
- the generator is connected to power grid and by caused electric power input to the power grid.
Brief description of the drawings
For a further understanding of the present invention essence and purpose, should be referred to reference to attached drawing it is described further below, described Similar components give same or similar reference numeral in attached drawing, and wherein：
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of another embodiment with surge tank and bypass line of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of another embodiment with power generation arrangement of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of one embodiment of power generation arrangement.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of another embodiment of power generation arrangement.
Fig. 6 is the signal of another embodiment with surge tank, bypass line and power generation arrangement of the present invention Figure.
Fig. 7 is another with two pressure build-up evaporators in parallel, surge tank and bypass line of the present invention The schematic diagram of embodiment.
Fig. 8 is the implementation of another with two pressure build-up devices in parallel, surge tank and bypass line of the present invention The schematic diagram of example.
Fig. 9 is the enhancing with two pressure build-up evaporators and these pressure build-up evaporators in parallel of the present invention The schematic diagram of another embodiment refilled.
Figure 10 is that the present invention has the enhancing of two pressure build-up evaporators, these pressure build-up evaporators in parallel again The schematic diagram of another embodiment of filling and surge tank.
Figure 11 is that the present invention has the enhancing of two pressure build-up evaporators, these pressure build-up evaporators in parallel again The schematic diagram of another embodiment of filling, power generation arrangement and surge tank.
Embodiment
The adjusted gaseous refrigerant stream of pressure is provided at facility to meet facility instead of using Conventional vaporizer End user's pressure specification, using pressure build-up device come by through evaporating the pressure build-up of liquid coolant to being at least the facility Twice of the pressure specification pressure of end user, is then lowered to setting by the pressure of present pressurized gaseous refrigerant. When so doing, the energy (in the form of vacuum, mechanical or electrical energy) can be recycled from pressurized gaseous refrigerant, then Distribute to the end user at facility.Can by making come the pressurized gaseous refrigerant expansion of flash-pot through turbine or Other suitable devices recycle mechanical or electrical energy.In other words, the power of expanding gas causes the rotation of turbine/device.Connect Rotation (machinery) energy for turbine/device is used directly for drive shaft, or can be converted into by alternating current generator Electric energy.When using multiple pressure build-up devices, the pressurized gaseous refrigerant from one of these pressure build-up devices can be used Reduced by the pressure of Laval nozzle (laval nozzle) to strengthen another the filling in these pressure build-up devices, by Recover energy in this vacuum produced at jet pipe.
The evaporator of the present invention receives liquid coolant from liquid coolant source, such as storage tank.Typical refrigerant includes But it is not limited to：Nitrogen, oxygen, argon gas, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and hydrocarbon.Although the type of storage tank is unrestricted, And the of a relatively high storage tank of pressure can operate under 600psi or the headspace pressure of higher, but typically, liquid is cold The headspace pressure for freezing agent storage is about 30 to about 200psi.
Pressure build-up evaporator is well-known in industrial gasses storage art.They on the one hand surrounding air or Heat-exchange fluid (such as cooling water) and another aspect liquid coolant and/or through evaporation liquefy refrigerant between carry out hot friendship Change.Latent heat necessary to evaporating liquid coolant is obtained from surrounding air or heat-exchange fluid.When liquid coolant evaporates, it The volume change of about several orders of magnitude occurs.For example, a certain amount of gaseous nitrogen accounts for about 700 times of a great deal of liquid nitrogen volume.By In the refrigerant through evaporation by with the surrounding air at pressure build-up evaporator or heat exchanger carry out heat exchange and by Heating, pressure increase.In other words, perfect gas law is taught that, for fixed volume and amount gas, pressure P with The gas temperature that Kelvin is represented is proportional.
Any kind of pressure build-up evaporator can be utilized in the practice of the invention, as long as it is equipped with valve, which permits Perhaps the evaporator is supplied to the liquid coolant from liquid coolant source and isolates it with liquid coolant source.Pressure is accumulated Poly- evaporator is additionally provided with lower valve：The valve is used to isolate evaporator with downstream turbine, thus allows it to pass through big with environment Gas (or heat-exchange fluid) carries out heat exchange and carrys out build pressure.
The pressure of gaseous refrigerant, which is reduced at expander at facility, finally uses specified pressure.Typically, The pressure of gaseous refrigerant is reduced to the pressure for being equal to or greater than about 500 or 600psi.The typical case of evaporator and turbine Range of flow is about 1,000-100,000std ft3/ when.It is important to note that the flow and pressure needed for end user drive Dynamic expander downstream and if selection the gaseous refrigerant of turbine or other energy producing units flow and pressure Power.For this reason, if the pressure of the gaseous refrigerant from turbine/device exceedes the specification of end user, can use normal Pressure is decreased to the specification of end user by rule pressure adjustment device.It would be recognized by those skilled in the art that consider this classification Mark, can replace any Conventional vaporizer at facility using (multiple) evaporator and turbine of the present invention.Certainly Major advantage is to recycle energy caused by pressure reduction that conventional evaporator is otherwise lost, gaseous refrigerant.Though It can so use as known in the art for handling 1,000-100,000std ft3/ when flow any turbine, still Typically turbine seal well to avoid gaseous refrigerant by lubricant contamination.
The rotational energy of turbine/device can be stored or consumed at facility.Rotational energy can be turned by alternating current generator Electric power is melted into, and the electric energy of gained is stored in storage battery.Alternatively, rotational energy can be stored in flywheel.Although appoint What conventional flywheel is probably suitable, but realizes the efficiency of higher under vacuum using the flywheel of magnetic bearing.Stored is dynamic Power can be drawn from flywheel, and be changed into for live (that is, at facility) consumption or (if desired) for being connected to Electric power on power grid.Similarly, alternating current generator can be disappeared by the electric power for converting the rotational energy of turbine to produce by scene Consumption is (that is, at facility) or is connected (if desired) with power grid.Rotational energy can be alternatively for driving to another at facility The axis of one process energy supply.
Instead of turbine/device for producing mechanical or electrical energy, Laval nozzle can be selected to be used as expander, and And vacuum energy can be recycled from Laval nozzle to strengthen the filling of pressure build-up device.Multiple parallel connections are used more specifically, working as Pressure build-up device when, when the gaseous refrigerant from a pressure build-up device is expanded from Laval nozzle, that Lavalle The outlet of jet pipe and another pressure build-up device is in vacuum communicating.It is true by the outlet application to another pressure build-up device Sky, it can refill liquid coolant more quickly.In this way, it is possible to reduce for filling evaporator, evaporation liquid Refrigerant is with the circulation time of build pressure and release pressure.
Expanded gaseous refrigerant is consumed in the point of use at the same facility residing for evaporator and expander.Make With putting laser that is unrestricted and can including needing high pressure nitrogen and be used to produce the polymerization of composite article for curing The autoclave of thing or polymer impregnated article.
It will now be described for performing different embodiments of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, liquid coolant is stored in storage tank T, which has the headspace pressure higher than environmental pressure P1.As valve V1Open, valve V2Close, when the pressure in pressure build-up evaporator PBV is less than the headspace pressure in storage tank T, storage Pressure differential between tank T and evaporator PBV causes liquid coolant to be supplied to evaporator PBV.As storage tank T and evaporator PBV Between when reaching pressure balance or valve V1During closing, evaporator PBV is no longer supplied to liquid coolant.
In valve V1With valve V2In the case of remaining turned-off, liquid coolant by with relatively warm fluid (such as air or Cooling water) carry out heat exchange and be evaporated in evaporator PBV.In this way, the pressure build-up of present gaseous refrigerant to compared with High pressure P2.When reaching pressure P2, valve V2Open, and gaseous refrigerant leaves evaporator PBV and expands through swollen Swollen device E, refrigerant is supplied in feed line SC in the expander.The pressure of gaseous refrigerant passes through in feed line SC The pressure regulator PR arranged is adjusted to the pre- level pressure of point of use (consumption or the place using gaseous refrigerant) defined Power P3.Pressure P2 is at least twice (that is, P2 >=2 × P3) of pressure P3.
The embodiment of Fig. 2 is identical with Fig. 1's, except that there are surge tank BT, valve V3、V4And bypass line BP. Valve V1、V3、V4Close and valve V2During opening, gaseous refrigerant expands through expander E (such as Fig. 1) (initially under pressure P2), But refrigerant accumulation is in surge tank BT in this case.Surge tank BT permissions point of use is supplied to the flow of change.Change Yan Zhi, at some moment, point of use may need relatively low gaseous refrigerant flow, and refrigerant can be via evaporation at this time Device V, valve V2, expander E, surge tank BT, valve V3And pressure regulator PR is supplied to point of use POU.Alternatively, gaseous state Refrigerant can be via valve V4, bypass line BP and pressure regulator PR be supplied to point of use POU.At other moment, make Of a relatively high gaseous refrigerant flow may be needed with point POU, point of use can be via valve V at this time3With pressure regulator PR It is supplied to the gaseous refrigerant from surge tank BT.
Typically, when the pressure of the gaseous refrigerant in evaporator PBV decrease below middle pressure P4 (P2 and P3 it Between) when, valve V2Close and valve V4Open.Instead of being supplied to the gas from surge tank BT, gaseous refrigerant is now via bypass pipe Line BP is supplied in the feed line SC of pressure regulator PR upstreams from evaporator PBV.Those of ordinary skill in the art should Recognize, when the pressure of the gaseous refrigerant in evaporator PBV reaches P2, valve V2、V4It can close and valve V3Open to allow Gaseous refrigerant leaves surge tank BT and enters in feed line SC, and refrigerant passes through pressure regulator PR quilts in the feed line Adjust to pressure P2.At the same time, valve V1Open with allow evaporator PBV be supplied to the fresh liquid refrigerant from storage tank T, And start new filling/evaporation/expansion cycles.
The embodiment of Fig. 3 is identical with Fig. 1's, except that there are power generation arrangement PGD.In this embodiment, from The gaseous refrigerant for driving expander is supplied to power generation arrangement PGD (initially under pressure P2), the power generation arrangement Some kinetic energy of the expanded gaseous refrigerant of relatively high momentum are converted into mechanical or electrical energy.
It can be used to the kinetic energy from gas stream being converted into mechanical or electrical energy by known in industrial gasses field Any device (such as air motor) is used as the power generation arrangement PGD of the present invention.Typically, power generation arrangement PGD is to connect Receive the turbine for the high momentum gas stream for carrying out expander E.Power generation arrangement PGD can be supplied to from one or more swollen The high momentum gas of swollen device E.As explained below, two or more (may be up to 4-6) pressure build-up can be used Evaporator PBV supplies single power generation device PGD via two or more corresponding (up to 4-6) expander E.
As shown in figure 4, power generation arrangement PGD can be gas turbine.Expanded gaseous state from two expander E Refrigerant is supplied to gas turbine via service FP.The rotor R of gas turbine is connected on axis S.High momentum gas Body is flowed in face of rotor R so as to cause axis S to rotate.The gas for leaving gas turbine enters in feed line SC.Rotation axis Mechanical energy can be used for energizing another device at facility.Alternatively, rotational energy can convert electric energy by generator.
As shown in figure 5, power generation arrangement PGD can include two swinging strut wall SA being connected on axis S.Gaseous state is cold Freeze agent and flow through the internal path of each pillar, into expansion nozzle and flowing out the inside that the expansion nozzle enters surge tank In space.Since gaseous refrigerant is expanded from expansion nozzle along different directions, this causes these jet pipes, pillar, wheel hub and drive Moving axis (being fixed on each other) rotates.Drive shaft be can with rotational energy is converted into electric energy generator operation it is associated.
Rotation axis SA includes two conduits (not showing), each receives and carrys out the high momentum gas of expander E and supplied To corresponding two expansion nozzle N.Since gaseous refrigerant is expanded from expansion nozzle N along different directions, this causes Zhi Zhubi SA rotates.As the embodiment of Fig. 4, the mechanical energy of rotation axis can be used for energizing another device at facility.Substitute Property, rotational energy can convert electric energy by generator.Gas leaves shell Enc and is supplied to supply and leads via outlet O In pipe SC.Axis S can be equipped with appropriate transmission device to realize desired rotary speed.
The embodiment of Fig. 6 is identical with Fig. 1's, except that there are surge tank BT, valve V3、V4, bypass line BP, Yi Jidong Force generating apparatus PGD.Each in these additional features is operated and table in a manner of identical with the embodiment of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 It is existing.
In the embodiment of Fig. 7, liquid coolant is stored in storage tank T, which has empty higher than the top of environmental pressure Between pressure P1.Compared with the embodiment of Fig. 1-3 and Fig. 6, this embodiment experienced different circulations.
In the first phase, valve V1AOpen and valve V2AClose, and the pressure of the headroom in storage tank T is higher than first Pressure build-up evaporator PBVAPressure.This pressure differential causes liquid coolant via valve V1AIt is supplied to the first evaporator PBVA.At the same time, valve V1BClose and valve V2BOpen, and the refrigerant evaporated leaves second pressure accumulation evaporator PBVB, expand through expander EBAnd received by surge tank BT.Pressure regulator PR is by from surge tank BT to point of use POU's The pressure of gaseous refrigerant is adjusted to use required pressure P3.
In second stage, valve V1AClose, and liquid coolant is from storage tank T to the first evaporator PBVAFlowing stop Only.First evaporator PBVAIn liquid coolant pass through with relatively warm fluid (such as surrounding air or cooling water) carry out heat Exchange and be evaporated.In this way, the first evaporator PBVAIn the pressure of gaseous refrigerant accumulated to up to higher pressure Power P2.Pressure P2 is at least twice (that is, P2 >=2 × P3) of pressure P3.Closing valve V1AWith in the first evaporator PBVAIt is middle to incite somebody to action The pressure build-up of gaseous refrigerant is to some time point up between pressure P2, the second evaporator PBVBIn gaseous state freezing The pressure of agent is decreased to the middle pressure P4 between P2 and P3.When it is decreased to less than the pressure of P4, valve V2BClose and valve V4BOpen, gaseous refrigerant leaves the second evaporator PBVBAnd via valve V4B, the second bypass line BPB, pressure regulator PR, And feed line SC is supplied to point of use POU.
In the phase III, the second evaporator PBVBIn pressure reach pressure P3, and the first evaporator PBVAIn pressure Power reaches pressure P2.At the same time, valve V2B、V4BClose, and valve V2AOpen.Due to the headspace pressure P1 of storage tank T and second Evaporator PBVBIn pressure P2 between pressure differential, cause liquid coolant from storage tank T via valve V1BIt is supplied to the second steaming Send out device PBVB.At the same time, the refrigerant evaporated leaves the first evaporator PBV (initially under pressure P2)A, expansion wear Cross expander EAAnd received by surge tank BT.Pressure regulator PR is by from surge tank BT to the gaseous refrigerant of point of use POU Pressure be adjusted to use required pressure P3.
In fourth stage, valve V1BClose, and liquid coolant is from storage tank T to the second evaporator PBVBFlowing stop Only.Second evaporator PBVBIn liquid coolant pass through with relatively warm fluid (such as surrounding air or cooling water) carry out heat Exchange and be evaporated.In this way, the second evaporator PBVBIn gaseous refrigerant pressure build-up to up to pressure P2.Such as Mentioned by upper, pressure P2 is at least twice (that is, P2 >=2 × P3) of pressure P3.Closing valve V1BWith in the second evaporator PBVBMiddle some time point being up to the pressure build-up of gaseous refrigerant between pressure P2, the first evaporator PBVAIn gas The pressure of state refrigerant is decreased to the middle pressure P4 between P2 and P3.When it decreases below the pressure of P4, valve V2AClose Close and valve V4AOpen, gaseous refrigerant leaves the first evaporator PBVAAnd via valve V4A, the second bypass line BPA, pressure tune Section device PR and feed line SC is supplied to point of use POU.
As the first evaporator PBVAIn pressure reach pressure P3 and the second evaporator PBVBIn pressure reach pressure P2 When, repeat the circulation and go to the first stage.
The embodiment of Fig. 8 is identical with Fig. 7's, except that in the presence of being disposed in expander EA、EBBetween surge tank BT Power generation arrangement PGD.As discussed above, the gaseous refrigerant for leaving expander is supplied to (initially under pressure P2) To power generation arrangement PGD, which converts some kinetic energy of the expanded gaseous refrigerant of relatively high momentum For mechanical or electrical energy.
The embodiment of Fig. 9 is identical with Fig. 7's, except that by the first Laval nozzle LNAWith the second Laval nozzle LNB As expander, and exist in the first evaporator PBVAWith the second Laval nozzle LNBBetween in be in fluid communication valve V3A、 And exist in the second evaporator PBVBWith the first Laval nozzle LNBBetween in be in fluid communication valve V3B.In this implementation In example and as explained below, the first Laval nozzle LNAAs injector, in the second evaporator PBVBOutlet Place produces vacuum to accelerate the second evaporator PBVBFilling.Similarly, the second Laval nozzle LNBAs injector, for First evaporator PBVAExit produce vacuum to accelerate the first evaporator PBVAFilling.Laval nozzle and its configuration with The relation being supplied between the pressure reduction of their gas is well known.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that it can select Their size is reduced with producing desired pressure.
In the first stage, due to Venturi effect, in valve V3AWith the second Laval nozzle LNBDownstream part between be in The opening of the pipeline of fluid communication produces vacuum.Valve V1A、V3AOpen, and in the first evaporator PBVAExit apply it is true Sky causes liquid coolant to be supplied to the first evaporator from storage tank T than higher rate expected from no such injector effect PBVAIn.As the second evaporator PBVBIn pressure when reaching P2, valve V1A、V3AClose.In fourth stage, opposite move is carried out Make.Valve V1B、V3BOpen, and in the second evaporator PBVBExit applying vacuum cause liquid coolant with than not such Higher rate expected from injector effect is supplied to the first evaporator PBV from storage tank TBIn.As the second evaporator PBVAReach P2 When, valve V1B、V3BClose.
The embodiment of Figure 10 is identical with Fig. 9's, except that there are valve V4A、V4B, surge tank BT, bypass line BPA、BPB。 Each in these features is worked in a manner of identical as described in Figure 7 above.
The embodiment of Figure 11 is identical with Figure 10's, except that there are power generation arrangement PGD.Power generation arrangement PGD By with it is as described above it is identical in a manner of work.
The predictive operational instances for being referred to as present system and process will now be described.
Liquid coolant is stored in storage tank of the headspace pressure more than 200psi.Exceed in headspace pressure In the case of 250psi, it is small pressure to be reduced to discharge the gaseous refrigerant in headroom to activate safety valve PSV In 250psi.
Liquid coolant is with the speed less than 90 gallons per minutes (for equivalent to 500,000std ft3/ when gaseous state Refrigerant) the pressure build-up evaporators with liquid coolant of two 2 Gallon Capacities is alternately filled, and allow will be each In pressure build-up to maximum 3,000psi.For example, 0.6 gallon of liquid nitrogen from storage tank can be with 60 gallon per minute of filling Speed carrys out the stuffing pressure in 0.5 second and gathers evaporator.Also, for 500,000std ft3/ when evaporation rate and to slow Rush the 30,000std ft of tank3/ when gas transmission rate, the pressure in pressure build-up evaporator is in 0.4 second from 150psi Increase to maximum 3,286psi.In another example, 0.6 gallon of liquid nitrogen from storage tank can be with 60 gallon per minute Fill rate carrys out the stuffing pressure in 0.5 second and gathers evaporator.If evaporation rate is 500,00std ft3/ when, and with most Up to 500,000std ft3/ when carry out transmission of the gas to surge tank, then the pressure in each pressure build-up evaporator exists Maximum 3,000psi is increased to from 150psi in 0.45 second, wherein seven pressure build-up evaporators operate at the same time.At only two In the case of pressure build-up evaporator, the pressure in each evaporator increased to maximum 1,795psi in 0.45 second.
Gaseous refrigerant in each pressure build-up evaporator, which expands through turbine and is collected in maximum pressure, is In 50 gallons of surge tanks of 500psi.If pressure triggers the safety valve at surge tank more than 600psi.When in evaporator When the pressure of gaseous refrigerant drops below 500psi, pressure build-up evaporator does not resupply turbine, and gaseous state freezes Agent can be assigned directly to final use.At the same time, another evaporator in the two pressure build-up evaporators Gaseous refrigerant instead expands through turbine.When the pressure of the gaseous refrigerant in pressure build-up evaporator drops below During 150psi, the pressure build-up evaporator discussed is filled liquid coolant to start the cycle over again.
Each turbine can be associated with one or more pressure build-up evaporators.For example, turbine can from one, Two, three, four or even more a pressure build-up evaporator reception gases at high pressure.Although not preferred, it is it is pressure product Poly- evaporator can even supply two or more turbines.
By using two or more pressure build-up evaporators and turbine and combine two or more corresponding texts Venturi, it is possible to achieve pressure reduces the generally constant supply of gaseous refrigerant.Due to the gaseous state in pressure build-up evaporator The pressure of refrigerant is reduced by expanding from high pressure P2, therefore the pressure after reduction may be not enough to both energize turbine The gaseous refrigerant with pressure needed for point of use is produced again.In addition, although the pressure of gaseous refrigerant in evaporator can be with Reduce, but it is still excessive for fresh liquid refrigerant Fast Filling evaporator.
In order to solve the problems, such as these, can operate in an alternating fashion it is respective be associated with corresponding Venturi tube two A or more evaporator.
Gaseous refrigerant in one pressure build-up evaporator, which is supplied to the first Venturi tube, (has 2.5mm larynxs footpath Laval nozzle) main-inlet and expand and drop to the pressure in its exit, at or greater than the pressure needed for point of use (for example,<600psi)).When starting to supply the first Venturi tube in this way, gaseous refrigerant in another evaporator Pressure is decreased to medium/high pressure (for example, 2,200psi) from initial high pressure (for example, 3000psi).At the same time and pass through venturi Effect, gaseous refrigerant are discharged to the shape in first Venturi tube in Laval nozzle throat downstream from another evaporator Into suction intake in.Therefore and within a period of time (for example, 0.5 second), remaining gaseous state freezing in another evaporator The pressure of agent is decreased to low pressure (for example, 130psi) from meso-scale Low (for example, 1,200psi), which is less than from first and the Two Venturi tubes receive the pressure in the surge tank of expansion gaseous refrigerant.When the pressure in another evaporator is decreased to low pressure When, valve is closed, and gaseous refrigerant is no longer discharged from another evaporator.
As the gaseous refrigerant from another evaporator continues to expand through turbine, the gaseous state freezing in evaporator Therefrom etc. high pressure is decreased to meso-scale Low to the pressure of agent.Meanwhile valve is opened, and it is another within a period of time (such as 1.5 seconds) A evaporator is filled a certain amount of liquid coolant (for example, 0.5 gallon), which, which comes from, has headroom pressure The liquid coolant source of power (for example, 200-250psi).At the end of that period, valve close, and allow by with ring Border air carries out heat exchange and carrys out the build pressure in another evaporator.Within a period of time (for example, 9 seconds), in evaporator Therefrom meso-scale Low is down in contour pressure to the pressure of refrigerant, and the pressure of the refrigerant in another evaporator is increased to from low pressure High pressure.Those of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that switching for pressure build-up evaporator, Laval nozzle and for two The operation of the turbine of evaporator comes from first feeding liquid coolant to another evaporator to point of use supply The gaseous refrigerant of evaporator.
Although it is the single pair pressure build-up evaporator on supplying corresponding a pair of of Venturi tube described above, this area Technical staff will be seen that, it is envisaged that using many other recycle schemes of three or more pressure build-up evaporators, and And such scheme is not limited to supply the pressure build-up evaporator of a pair of of Venturi tube.
Although having been combined its specific embodiment, the invention has been described, it is evident that in view of many alternatives of preceding description Case, modification and change will be apparent for those skilled in the art.Therefore, it, which is intended to include, such as falls into appended claims Spirit and broad scope in all such alternative solutions, modification and change.The present invention can be wanted suitably comprising disclosed Element, be made of disclosed key element or be substantially made of disclosed key element, and can be there is no the key element not disclosed Lower practice.In addition, if in the presence of the language for referring to order, such as first and second, it should exist on illustrative sense and not Understood in restrictive, sense.For example, it will be appreciated by the appropriately skilled person that some steps can be combined to single step In rapid.
Singulative " one (a) ", " one (an) " and " being somebody's turn to do (the) " include plural referents, unless context is in addition clear Point out to Chu.
" including (comprising) " in claim is open transitional term, its refer to it is later determined that right will It is without exclusive inventory to seek key element, i.e. other anythings can additionally be included and be maintained at the scope of " comprising " It is interior." comprising " is defined herein as necessarily covering the transitional term " mainly by ... form " that is more confined from and " by ... group Into "；Therefore " comprising " can by " mainly by ... form " or " by ... form " replacement and be maintained at the clear of " comprising " In the range of ground limits.
" provide (providing) " in claim be defined as confession under directions to, supply, make to obtain or prepare certain Thing.The step can be carried out by any actor under the representation language in there is no this opposite claim.
It is optional or optionally mean that the event then described or situation may occur or may not occur.This explanation includes The wherein example that the event or situation occur and the example that wherein event or situation do not occur.
It can be expressed as from about occurrence in this scope, and/or to about another occurrence.When such a scope of statement When, it should be understood that another embodiment is from an occurrence and/or to another occurrence, together with the scope Interior all combinations.
Each be attached to hereby by quoting with its full text in the application in this definite all bibliography, and be for Specific information, each bibliography is cited is exactly for the specifying information.

Claims (20)

1. a kind of be used to evaporate liquid coolant to supply the method for gaseous refrigerant stream, the described method comprises the following steps：
Liquid coolant from storage tank, which is supplied at least one pressure build-up evaporator at facility, the storage tank, to be had Headspace pressure P1；
In the liquid coolant supplied and the heat-shift through the relatively warm fluid of at least one evaporator To produce the pressurized gaseous refrigerant under the pressure P2 more than P1；
Pressurized gaseous refrigerant from least one evaporator is supplied to the expander at the facility, so that should Gaseous refrigerant is expanded to pressure P3；
The expanded gaseous refrigerant is supplied into feed line；
Expanded gaseous refrigerant from the feed line is supplied to the point of use at the facility, wherein P2 >=2 × P3。
2. the method for claim 1, wherein the fluid is surrounding air.
3. the method for claim 1, wherein the fluid is water.
4. the method for claim 1, wherein P2 >=2 × P1.
5. the method as described in claim 1, further comprises the steps：Gas turbine is supplied by the expander Can, and using alternating current generator come by the gas turbine power-conversion into electric power.
6. the method as described in claim 1, wherein：
At least one pressure build-up evaporator includes the n pressure build-up evaporator operated with alternate sequence, and wherein n is big In 1 integer；
When the first evaporator into this n evaporator supplies the liquid coolant, second not into this n evaporator steams Device supply liquid coolant is sent out,
While the liquid coolant is supplied to first evaporator, gaseous refrigerant is by from another in this n evaporator A evaporator is supplied to the turbine and expanded by the turbine；And
While the liquid coolant is supplied to second evaporator, gaseous refrigerant is by from another in this n evaporator A evaporator supplies to the turbine and expands through the turbine.
7. method as claimed in claim 6, wherein, n 2-4.
8. the method for claim 1, wherein the refrigerant is selected from the group being made of the following：Freezing Agent, oxygen, argon gas, helium, hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
9. the method for claim 1, wherein electric power is stored in storage battery.
10. the method for claim 1, wherein electric power is consumed at the facility.
11. the method for claim 1, wherein electric power input is to power grid.
12. the method for claim 1, wherein the point of use is to be supplied the laser of nitrogen.
13. the method for claim 1, wherein the point of use is the autoclave for solidification polymer dipping articles.
14. a kind of be used to evaporate liquid coolant to provide the system of gaseous refrigerant stream, including：
The liquid-cryogen tank of liquid coolant is accommodated, which is located at facility；
For receiving the liquid coolant from the storage tank and evaporating at least one pressure product of received liquid coolant Poly- evaporator；
Turbine, the turbine positioned at the facility, make from least one pressure build-up evaporator receive through evaporation Refrigerant expands and produces rotational energy；
Generator, which is located at is converted into electric power at the facility, by the rotational energy；
For receiving the point of use of the expanding cryogen from the turbine, which is located at the facility.
15. system as claimed in claim 14, further comprises n the first valves, n the second valves and controller, wherein：
At least one pressure build-up evaporator includes being adapted and being configured to the n pressure build-up operated with alternate sequence Evaporator, wherein n are greater than 1 integer；
This n the first valves are associated with this n evaporator respectively and can operate and connect independently to allow or prevent from the storage tank Received liquid coolant goes to one or more of this n evaporator evaporator；
This n the second valves are associated with this n evaporator respectively and can operate independently to allow or prevent from this n evaporation What one or more of device evaporator received goes to the turbine through evaporative freezing agent；And
The controller be with logic come program programmable logic controller (PLC), be adapted for will be related to first evaporator Connection the first valve maintain on open position with allow first evaporator be filled liquid coolant and meanwhile will with this second steam The second valve that hair device is associated is maintained on open position to allow the gaseous refrigerant from second evaporator to expand through The turbine at the same by first valve associated with second evaporator maintain on closed position with prevent this second evaporation Device is filled the liquid coolant from the storage tank, while second valve associated with first evaporator is maintained The turbine is expanded through with gaseous refrigerant of the prevention from first evaporator on closed position.
16. system as claimed in claim 15, wherein, n 2-4.
17. system as claimed in claim 14, further comprises the storage battery of the electric power for storing generator generation.
18. system as claimed in claim 17, wherein, the generator be connected to power grid and by caused electric power input extremely The power grid.
19. system as claimed in claim 14, wherein, which is to be supplied the laser of nitrogen.
20. system as claimed in claim 14, wherein, which is the autoclave for solidification polymer dipping articles.
CN201680055730.9A 2015-10-01 2016-09-30 Liquid coolant method of evaporating and system Pending CN108027107A (en)

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US201562235868P 2015-10-01 2015-10-01
US62/235,868 2015-10-01
US201562236532P 2015-10-02 2015-10-02
US62/236,532 2015-10-02
PCT/US2016/054885 WO2017059299A1 (en) 2015-10-01 2016-09-30 Liquid cryogen vaporizer method and system

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CN2718370Y (en) * 2004-05-13 2005-08-17 安徽鑫龙电器股份有限公司 Nitrogen supply device for laser cutting machine
CN101454608A (en) * 2006-05-26 2009-06-10 雪佛龙美国公司 Method for vaporizing and heating a cryogenic fluid
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