CN108026973A - sliding component, rolling bearing and retainer - Google Patents

sliding component, rolling bearing and retainer Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108026973A
CN108026973A CN201680051973.5A CN201680051973A CN108026973A CN 108026973 A CN108026973 A CN 108026973A CN 201680051973 A CN201680051973 A CN 201680051973A CN 108026973 A CN108026973 A CN 108026973A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
layer
fluororesin
mentioned
sliding
sliding component
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Application number
CN201680051973.5A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN108026973B (en
Inventor
多田晶美
佐藤洋司
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NTN Corp
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NTN Corp
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
    • F16C33/201—Composition of the plastic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
    • F16C33/203—Multilayer structures, e.g. sleeves comprising a plastic lining
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
    • F16C33/208—Methods of manufacture, e.g. shaping, applying coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/46—Cages for rollers or needles
    • F16C33/56—Selection of substances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/24—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for radial load mainly
    • F16C19/26—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for radial load mainly with a single row of rollers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2202/00—Solid materials defined by their properties
    • F16C2202/02—Mechanical properties
    • F16C2202/04—Hardness
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2208/00—Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers
    • F16C2208/20—Thermoplastic resins
    • F16C2208/30—Fluoropolymers
    • F16C2208/32—Polytetrafluorethylene [PTFE]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2208/00—Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers
    • F16C2208/20—Thermoplastic resins
    • F16C2208/58—Several materials as provided for in F16C2208/30 - F16C2208/54 mentioned as option
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
    • F16C2223/30—Coating surfaces
    • F16C2223/42—Coating surfaces by spraying the coating material, e.g. plasma spraying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/06—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
    • F16C2240/54—Surface roughness
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
    • F16C2240/60—Thickness, e.g. thickness of coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C9/00—Bearings for crankshafts or connecting-rods; Attachment of connecting-rods
    • F16C9/02—Crankshaft bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C9/00—Bearings for crankshafts or connecting-rods; Attachment of connecting-rods
    • F16C9/04—Connecting-rod bearings; Attachments thereof

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides sliding component, rolling bearing and the retainer of the sliding surface also under conditions of the middle and high sliding speed of lubricating oil, high surface pressure with excellent in sliding property.Sliding component, it is the sliding component that the sliding layer formed on Ferrious material base material is used, had under oil lubrication environment, the sliding layer has the basalis comprising heat-resistant resin and the first fluororesin in Ferrious material substrate surface, there is the second fluororesin layer in the substrate surface, heat-resistant resin is the resin containing carbon atom and also containing at least one atom in oxygen atom, nitrogen-atoms and sulphur atom in the main chain of macromolecular structure, and the second fluororesin layer is superficial layer is nearby crosslinked the crosslinking fluororesin layer formed.

Description

Sliding component, rolling bearing and retainer
Technical field
The present invention relates to sliding component, rolling bearing and retainer, the wear resistance on more particularly to sliding component surface are excellent Sliding component such as cage for rolling bearing that is different, can maintaining its excellent wear resistance for a long time, used the retainer Rolling bearing.
Background technology
Sliding surface supply lubricating oil, lubricating grease to rolling bearing, retainer etc. etc. rub to reduce rolling friction or slide Wipe.In addition, sliding surface is carried out to be used for the surface treatment for further improving sliding.One of surface treatment to form fluorine system tree The method of fat envelope.Such as known following method：It is (following by the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to being formed in the sliding part of sliding component Referred to as PTFE) envelope irradiate 50~250kGy radiological dose radioactive ray, improve wear resistance and with the adaptation of base material (specially Sharp document 1).
The manufacture method of known following modified fluorin resin lining material：Selected from polyimide resin, copper, aluminium and they Metal material, ceramics and the glass such as alloy in, the surface of the base material of excellent heat resistance form the envelope of fluororesin, in fluorine tree Irradiation ionization property radioactive ray (patent document 2) at a temperature of more than the fusing point of fat.
As the sliding component being made of fluororesin used in unlubricated bearing, dynamic sealing etc., it is known that by fluororesin It is heated to more than its crystalline melt point, is irradiating electricity in the range of illuminated line amount 1kGy~10MGy on the basis of oxygen is not present From the fluororesin (patent document 3) of property radioactive ray.
Known following film or sheet-like article：It is by the PTFE films formed or sheet tilt material with selected from aluminium, iron, no The film or sheet-like article that base material in rust steel, polyimides and ceramics is laminated, do not connect with base material the one of the material Polymer has three-dimensional structure existing for face and its nearby layers, near the another side to connect with base material of the material and its Polymer existing for layer has two-dimensional structure, and the three-dimensional structure of existing polymer contains between the one side and the another side Rate continuously changes, and the thickness of the material is 5~500 μm (patent documents 4).
On the other hand, there is the rolling bearing used in the engine of automobile, motorcycle etc., particular with retainer The sintering of needle roller bearing, in order to prevent the retainer surface, carries out silver-plated on retainer surface.This carries the pin of retainer Shape roller bearing by equally spaced keeping the pressed metal retainer of needle rollers to form, it is all to the surface of the retainer it is real with Silver-plated (patent document 5).
Prior art literature
Patent document
Patent document 1：Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2010-155443 publications
Patent document 2：Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2002-225204 publications
Patent document 3：Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 9-278907 publications
Patent document 4：No. 5454903 publications of Japanese Patent No.
Patent document 5：No. 5189427 publications of Japanese Patent No.
The content of the invention
The subject that the invention solves
But for the manufacture method shown in patent document 1, due to making under unlubricated, under conditions of bottom surface pressure With, therefore be the method improved with the adaptation of base material, in the middle and high slip speed of the required lubricating oil of the sliding surface of various equipment It is difficult to spend, applied in the case of the condition of high surface pressure.
For the fluororesin envelope described in patent document 2, so that the cross-linking reaction of fluororesin and fluororesin and base material The chemical reaction on surface simultaneously occurs, is achieved in for the purpose of both firm bondings；In rolling bearing, retainer etc. In the case of iron-based material, the chemical reaction occurred with substrate surface is difficult, exists and can not achieve as firm bonding Problem.
For the sliding component described in patent document 3, be related in unlubricated bearing, dynamic sealing etc. using, be not The shape of envelope, the sliding component being made of fluororesin.Therefore, the characteristic as lining material is unclear, and then is needing to moisten It is difficult to be applied in the middle and high sliding speed of lubricating oil, the rolling bearing purposes of high surface pressure.
Envelope described in patent document 4 is also same with the envelope manufactured by the method described in patent document 1, is flat Plate test film, bottom surface pressure, low sliding speed, it is unlubricated under evaluation, in retainer test film, high surface pressure, high sliding speed, oil Whether can use, be still unknown under lubrication.
Silver-plated retainer is being imposed described in patent document 5, it is desirable to which the ongoing change of the wear extent of sliding surface is more Small retainer is, it is necessary to substitute silver-plated sliding material.It is in addition, silver-plated with the sulphur due to sulphur component contained in engine oil The problem of change.If the silver-plated vulcanization imposed to retainer surface, from retainer it is peeling-off, come off, the substrate of retainer Expose.
The present invention completed to tackle the problem of such, and it is an object of the present invention to provide with the middle and high sliding speed of lubricating oil, Sliding component, rolling bearing and the retainer of sliding also excellent sliding surface under conditions of high surface pressure.
Means for solving the problems
The sliding component of the present invention is to be used under oil lubrication environment, have the slip formed on Ferrious material base material The sliding component of layer.It is characterized in that, the sliding layer has containing heat-resistant resin and the in above-mentioned Ferrious material substrate surface The basalis of one fluororesin, has the second fluororesin layer, above-mentioned heat-resistant resin is in macromolecular structure in the substrate surface At least main chain in resin containing carbon atom and also containing at least one atom in oxygen atom, nitrogen-atoms and sulphur atom, it is above-mentioned Second fluororesin layer is the crosslinked crosslinking fluororesin layer of near surface at least making above-mentioned sliding layer.It is in addition, attached in the present invention It is near to refer to object surface at a distance of the layer less than 2.5 μm.
In the sliding component of the present invention, it is characterised in that above-mentioned Ferrious material base material, above-mentioned basalis and above-mentioned second Fluororesin layer is with being not provided with adhesive layer mutually closely sealed.In addition, it is characterised in that for above-mentioned sliding layer, from above-mentioned The superficial layer of two fluororesin layers becomes to the surface of above-mentioned Ferrious material base material, the crosslinking ratio of above-mentioned first and second fluororesin It is small.
, should be and uncrosslinked for the second fluororesin it is characterized in that, above-mentioned second fluororesin is polyflon Polyflon is compared, solid19The chemical displacement value (δ ppm) occurred in F evil spirits angle spin (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) figure In addition to-the 82ppm, -122ppm, -126ppm of above-mentioned uncrosslinked polyflon, also occur selected from -68ppm, - At least one chemical displacement value in 70ppm, -77ppm, -80ppm, -109ppm, -112ppm, -152ppm and -186ppm, or Person is as the signal strength of the signal of the chemical displacement value occurred in -82ppm and the letter of above-mentioned uncrosslinked polyflon Number intensity is compared to increase.
In addition, it is characterised in that above-mentioned heat-resistant resin is sub- selected from aromatic amides imide resin and aromatic series acyl At least one kind of aromatic resin in polyimide resin, the layer thickness of above-mentioned sliding layer is for more than 5 μm and less than 40 μm.
The Ferrious material made cage of the present invention, is to maintain the retainer of the rolling element of rolling bearing, it is characterised in that should Ferrious material made cage is formed by the sliding component of the invention described above.
For forming the sliding layer on above-mentioned Ferrious material made cage surface, it is characterised in that after radioactive ray irradiation The identation hardness measured by ISO14577 methods of sliding layer is 58~82MPa.
In addition, for forming another sliding layer on above-mentioned Ferrious material made cage surface, it is characterised in that radioactive ray The fusing point of at least near surface of the second fluororesin after irradiation is 285~317 DEG C.
The rolling bearing of the present invention, it is characterised in that be the rolling for the Ferrious material made cage for having used the invention described above Dynamic bearing, particularly the connecting rod big end rolling bearing of engine, connecting rod small end rolling bearing or crankshaft support axis are used Rolling bearing.
The effect of invention
The sliding component of the present invention has the sliding layer that is formed on Ferrious material base material, the sliding layer by basalis and Fluororesin layer forms, and at least near surface of the fluororesin layer is crosslinked, in the middle and high sliding speed of lubricating oil, the bar of high surface pressure It can also suppress to wear under part, can chronically maintain the service life of slide unit and bearing.The iron just formed by the sliding component It is for metal made cage, compared with the retainer with silver coating, shows the sliding more than equal.In addition, just make For rolling bearing with the Ferrious material made cage, as the connecting rod rolling bearing used in lubricating oil, Excellent in sliding property in lubricating oil.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the sectional view of sliding component.
Fig. 2 is the enlarged drawing of the NMR figures of experimental example 1.
Fig. 3 is the enlarged drawing of the NMR figures of experimental example 2.
Fig. 4 is the enlarged drawing of the NMR figures of experimental example 3.
Fig. 5 is the normalized signal intensity ratio with the -82ppm of cross-linked phase companion.
Fig. 6 is the figure for representing identation hardness and the relation of illuminated line amount.
Fig. 7 is to represent fusing point and the figure of the relation of illuminated line amount.
Fig. 8 is the stereogram using needle rollers as the cage for rolling bearing of rolling element.
Fig. 9 is the stereogram for representing needle roller bearing.
Figure 10 is the longitudinal section of 4 cycle engines.
Figure 11 is the figure for the summary for representing wear extent experimental rig.
Embodiment
The sliding component of the present invention has the sliding layer formed on Ferrious material base material.The sliding layer by basalis and Formed in the crosslinking fluororesin layer that the substrate surface is formed and has been crosslinked near superficial layer.
For Ferrious material base material, bearing steel, carburizing steel, machinery knot used in rolling bearing etc. can be included Structure carbon steel, cold-rolled steel or hot-rolled steel etc..Ferrious material base material is after the shape of sliding component is processed into, by being quenched Temper, so as to be adjusted to defined case hardness.Such as the Ferrious material made cage of chrome-molybdenum steel (SCM415) is used In the case of, preferably using Hv values to be adjusted to 484~595 Ferrious material base material.
The section of the sliding component of the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 1.The sliding layer 2 of sliding component 1 is formed by Ferrious material The basalis 4 and formed in the second fluororesin layer 5 that the surface of the basalis 4 is formed that the surface of base material 3 is formed.Basalis 4 exists The surface of Ferrious material base material 3 is formed, and is the heat-resistant resin represented on attached drawing with white circle and black circle table is used equally on attached drawing The compound tree lipid layer of the first fluororesin shown.Contained fluororesin is at least to make the surface of sliding layer attached in second fluororesin layer 5 The crosslinking fluororesin layer that inbreeding connection forms.Sliding layer 2 has three-dimensional in the second fluororesin existing for superficial layer and its nearby layers Structure.In addition, for the first fluororesin contained in the second fluororesin layer 5 and basalis 4, crosslinking ratio can be set to from table Towards the inclination material of the surface reduction of Ferrious material base material 3.
It is explained, for there is three-dimensional structure in fluororesin existing for slip layer surface and its nearby layers, not The all fluororesin for only including three-dimensional structure in the part being defined in fluororesin layer, can also include a part two in the portion Tie up the fluororesin of structure.
Layer thickness t with regard to being crosslinked fluororesin layer 51For, relative to the layer thickness t with basalis 42Aggregate thickness i.e. slide The layer thickness t of dynamic layer, is 10~90%, is preferably 25~75%.
The layer thickness t of sliding layer 2 is more than 5 μm and less than 40 μm, preferably more than 15 μm and less than 30 μm.If thickness Degree less than 5 μm, then because envelope it is closely sealed it is bad caused by stripping, initial wear abrasion, metal base is possible to reveal Go out.If more than 40 μm, it is possible to crack, peel off in operation and lubricating status deterioration when envelope is formed.Pass through Layer thickness is become more than 5 μm and the scope less than 40 μm, can prevent exposing for metal base caused by initial wear, can Chronically prevent the stripping in operating.
Heat-resistant resin be at least main chain of macromolecular structure containing carbon atom and also containing oxygen atom, nitrogen-atoms and The resin of at least one atom in sulphur atom.In addition, there is no the resin of thermal decomposition when being and burning till and form sliding layer.Here, institute Meaning does not thermally decompose, and is the resin that thermal decomposition is not started in the temperature and time for burning till basalis and upper layer film.Pass through For in the main chain of macromolecular structure containing carbon atom and also containing at least one atom in oxygen atom, nitrogen-atoms and sulphur atom Resin, can be in molecular backbone or molecule end has with the functional group of the excellent adhesion of Ferrious material base material and with the The functional group that one fluororesin also reacts.
As heat-resistant resin, epoxy resin, polyester resin, amide imide resin, imide resin, ether can be included Imide resin, imidazoles resin, polyethersulfone resin, polysulfone resin, polyether-ether-ketone resin, organic siliconresin etc..In addition, can be simultaneously With prevent fluororesin formed film when contraction carbamate resins, acrylic resin.
In heat-resistant resin, the main resin comprising aromatic ring because of excellent heat resistance and it is preferred that.As preferable resistance to Thermal resin, can include aromatic amides imide resin, aromatic imides resin.
For the first fluororesin, as long as the tree that can be disperseed in the water system coating fluidmn for forming basalis with particle shape Fat, it becomes possible to use., can be preferably using PTFE particles, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) as the first fluororesin Copolymer (hereinafter referred to as PFA) particle, tetrafluoraoethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (hereinafter referred to as FEP) particle or their 2 More than kind.
In the water system coating fluidmn for forming basalis, in addition to heat-resistant resin and the first fluororesin, polyoxy can be coordinated The inorganic pigments such as the nonionic surfactants such as vinyl alkyl ether, carbon black, n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone etc. are arbitrarily mixed in water Non-proton system's polar solvent, the water as main solvent closed.In addition, can coordinate defoamer, drier, thickener, levelling agent, Anti-shrinking medium (Ha ジ キ prevent drug) etc..As the water system coating fluidmn of formation basalis, such as Daikin Industries strain formula can be included Commercial firm primer base EK series, ED series.
In addition, water system coating fluidmn can be substituted and use makes above-mentioned heat-resistant resin be dissolved in aprotic polar solvent Resin solution in the fluororesin solution-type coating fluid that forms of dissolving or the decentralized for disperseing the particulate of fluororesin are coated with Liquid.
It is to be formed on the surface of basalis, crosslinked fluorine tree can be carried out by radioactive ray for the second fluororesin layer The layer of fat.First fluororesin and the second fluororesin can it is identical also can be different, but preferably using identical fluororesin.As second Fluororesin, can include PTFE, PFA, FEP, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE) etc..These resins can be used alone, It can be used as mixture use.In addition, in these, the preferably PTFE of heat resistance and excellent in sliding property.
For the second fluororesin layer, by the way that the aqueous dispersions coating drying for being dispersed with PTFE resin particle is obtained. As the aqueous dispersions for being dispersed with PTFE resin particle, such as Daikin Ind Ltd POLYFLON=PTFE can be included Enamel paint.
In the sliding component of the present invention, Ferrious material base material, basalis and the second fluororesin layer are not provided with bonding agent Layer ground is mutually closely sealed.Below in the forming method of the sliding layer of Ferrious material substrate surface be used for make its mutually it is closely sealed Method illustrates.
(1) surface treatment of Ferrious material material
For Ferrious material base material, preferably：Using blasting treatment etc. before sliding layer is formed, in advance by metal base table The roughness (Ra) in face is adjusted to 1.0~2.0 μm, then, it is impregnated in the organic solvents such as benzin, carries out 5 points Ultrasonic degreasing when clock~1 is small or so.
(2) application of the water system coating fluidmn of basalis is formed
Before it will form the water system coating fluidmn coating of basalis, in order to improve the dispersiveness of aqueous dispersions, using ball mill, Such as with 40rpm make its rotation 1 it is small when, carry out redisperse.Using the metal mesh of 100 mesh by this by the water system coating fluidmn of redisperse Filtering, is coated using spraying process.
(3) drying of the water system coating fluidmn of basalis is formed
It is dry after water system coating fluidmn is coated with.As drying condition, such as 30 minutes left sides preferably in 90 DEG C of thermostat Right drying.The layer thickness of dried basalis is 2.5~20 μm, is preferably 5~20 μm, more preferably 10~15 μm of model In enclosing.If less than 2.5 μm, then because envelope it is closely sealed it is bad caused by stripping, initial wear, metal base has can It can expose.If more than 20 μm, it is possible to crack, peel off in operation and lubricating status deterioration when envelope is formed. By the scope for making layer thickness become 2.5~20 μm, exposing for metal base caused by can preventing initial wear can be long-term Ground prevents the stripping in operating.
(4) application of the water system coating fluidmn of the second fluororesin layer is formed
By before forming the water system coating fluidmn coating of the second fluororesin layer, in order to improve the dispersiveness of aqueous dispersions, make With ball mill, such as when making its rotation 1 small with 40rpm, make its redisperse.In the substrate do not burnt till basalis and dried Layer surface, is filtered this by the water system coating fluidmn of redisperse using the metal mesh of 100 mesh, and application is carried out using spraying process.
(5) drying of the water system coating fluidmn of the second fluororesin layer is formed
It is dry after water system coating fluidmn is coated with.As drying condition, such as 30 minutes left sides preferably in 90 DEG C of thermostat Right drying.The layer thickness of dried second fluororesin layer is 2.5~20 μm, is preferably 5~20 μm, more preferably 10~15 In the range of μm.If less than 2.5 μm, then because envelope it is closely sealed it is bad caused by stripping, initial wear abrasion, Metal base is possible to expose.If more than 20 μm, it is likely that cracked when envelope is formed, peel off in operation and Lubricating status deteriorates.By the scope for making layer thickness become 2.5~20 μm, metal base caused by can preventing initial wear Expose, can prevent the stripping in operating for a long time.
It is explained, as basalis and the coating process of the second fluororesin layer, in addition to spraying process, infusion process, hair As long as brush coating method etc. can form the coating process of envelope, it becomes possible to use.If make the surface roughness of envelope, coating Shape diminishes as far as possible, considers the homogeneity of layer thickness, then preferred spraying process.
(6) burn till
After the drying of second fluororesin layer, temperature in heating furnace, in air, more than the fusing point of the second fluororesin, It is preferred that (+30 DEG C of fusing point (Tm))~(+100 DEG C of fusing point (Tm)), in the range of 5~40 minutes by basalis and the second fluororesin layer Burn till at the same time.In the case where first and second fluororesin is PTFE, preferably burnt till in 380 DEG C of heating furnace 30 minutes.No Be that will be burnt till respectively after the first and second fluororesin-coated dryings, but both burnt till at the same time, thus basalis and Second fluororesin layer is without with setting adhesive layer mutually closely sealed.
The crosslinking of (7) second fluororesin layers
For the envelope after burning till, melted in irradiation temperature from the temperature of low 30 DEG C of the fusing point than the second fluororesin layer to than this Below high 50 DEG C of temperature of point, preferably from the temperature of the temperature to 30 DEG C higher than the fusing point of low 20 DEG C of the fusing point than the second fluororesin layer Below degree, in addition illuminated line amount is 250kGy~800kGy, is preferably more than 250kGy and below 750kGy, irradiates radioactive ray, It is crosslinked fluororesin layer.As radioactive ray, can use alpha ray (helium -4 released from the radioactivity nuclear species for carrying out alpha-decay Nuclear particle ray), β rays (negatron and positive electron released from atomic nucleus), electron beam (have it is substantially certain The electron beam of kinetic energy；Generally thermoelectron is accelerated in a vacuum and is made) etc. particle ray；Gamma-rays is (by atomic nucleus, substantially The short electromagnetic wave of the transition between energy level of particle, the wavelength that absorption is released to eliminating, to generation etc. of elementary particle) etc. electricity From radioactive ray.In these radioactive ray, from the viewpoint of cross-linking efficiency, operability, preferably electron beam and gamma-rays are more preferably electric Beamlet.Particularly electron beam, there is electron beam illuminating device to be readily obtained, irradiate it is easy to operate, continuous irradiation can be used The advantages that process.
If the temperature for the temperature to 50 DEG C higher than the fusing point that irradiation temperature is 30 DEG C lower than the fusing point of the second fluororesin layer Beyond following temperature range, then the crosslinking of fluororesin layer is not sufficiently carried out.The high rigidityization of fluororesin layer is not abundant Ground carries out.In addition, be illuminated by for atmosphere, in order to crosslinking is effectively performed, it is necessary to by vacuumizing, non-active gas injection come Reduce the oxygen concentration of irradiation area.The scope of oxygen concentration preferably 0~300ppm.In order to which oxygen concentration to be maintained to the concentration model of the above Enclose, from the viewpoint of operability, in terms of cost, preferably by the inert atmosphere of nitrogen injection.
If illuminated line amount becomes inadequate less than 250kGy, crosslinking, wear extent is big, and metal base exposes sometimes.Separately Outside, if illuminated line amount is crosslinked and exceedingly carries out, the hardness of envelope rises, therefore brittle, is sometimes prone to send out more than 800kGy Raw stripping etc. is by membrane damage.
Pass through the temperature in irradiation temperature from the temperature to 50 DEG C higher than the fusing point of low 30 DEG C of the fusing point than the second fluororesin layer Within the scope of temperature below spending, illuminated line amount be 250~800kGy under conditions of irradiate radioactive ray, be crosslinked fluororesin layer, energy Enough make to become 58~82MPa as the case hardness of the sliding layer shown in identation hardness.In addition, the molten of the surface of sliding layer can be made Point eutectic is revealed to 285~317 DEG C.
Accelerating potential when being irradiated is preferably more than 40kV and below 300kV for more than 40kV and less than 500kV, More preferably more than 50kV and less than 100kV.If less than 40kV, the electron beam near the superficial layer of the second fluororesin layer Intrusion shoal, if more than 500kV, be then crosslinked in the first and second fluororesin layer entirety.If radioactive ray are shone Penetrate in fluororesin layer, then in the strength retrogression of fluororesin inner radiation line, therefore fully reach to have irradiated using radioactive ray and put The near surface of ray and radioactive ray do not reach another side, can be crosslinked the near surface of the second fluororesin layer.
In addition, accelerating potential during by making irradiation becomes more than 40kV and less than 500kV, the non-of nitrogen injection is being utilized Irradiating electron beam under reactive atmosphere, it is possible to increase the sliding component table for irradiating electron beam in vertical direction relative to shadow surface The illuminated line amount in face improves, while by the scattering of electron beam, also by electron beam irradiation to the sliding component surface contiguous The face parallel with electron beam irradiation direction.Reduced to the electron beam irradiation in parallel face as irradiation distance becomes remote.For example, with Makes the illuminated line amount of the part close with the Electron beam irradiation window in above-mentioned parallel face to make its change away from 750kGy For 500kGy, 300kGy.
In order to comment the wear resistance in the unlubricated and oil lubrication by the above-mentioned obtained sliding layer of method Valency, specific wear amount and friction coefficient are determined using サ バ Application type friction-wear tests.Test film described below, pairing material Experimental conditions such as (Xiang Shoucai).
(1) making of test film
Test film：Sliding layer is formd in the metal plate of SPCC 30mm × 30mm, thickness 2mm.Basalis has used greatly King Company's primer base (model：EK-1909S21R), the second fluororesin layer uses Liao great King Companies topcoat paint (model： EK-3700C21R).It is 30 minutes dry in each comfortable 90 DEG C of thermostat for drying time, in 380 DEG C of heating furnace Basalis and the second fluororesin layer are burnt till 30 minutes at the same time.
Then, electron beam irradiation has been carried out from sliding layer face side to test film under the following conditions.
Use device：Creek pine ホ ト ニ Network ス Co. Ltd. system EB engines
Illuminated line amount：Experimental example 1 is 0kGy (not irradiating), and experimental example 2 is 500kGy, and experimental example 3 is 1000kGy
Accelerating potential：70kV
During irradiation by film temperature：340℃
Chamber internal ambience during irradiation：Heat nitrogen
(2) the test film envelope of experimental example
Experimental example 1：PTFE envelopes (illuminated line amount：0kGy, layer thickness：20μm)
Experimental example 2：PTFE envelopes (illuminated line amount：500kGy, layer thickness：20μm)
Experimental example 3：PTFE envelopes (illuminated line amount：1000kGy, layer thickness：20μm)
(3) condition of サ バ Application type friction-wear test
Pairing material：The ring of SUJ2 φ 40mm × wide 10mm × pair curvature R60mm of Q-tempering processing is carried out
Lubricating oil：2 levels of unlubricated Ji モ ー ビ Le ベ ロ シ テ ィ オ イ Le No.3 (VG2) lubrication
Sliding speed：0.05m/s
Load：50N
Sliding time：The lubrication that has of experimental example 1 is 600 minutes, and the unlubricated of experimental example 1 is 5 minutes, and experimental example 2 has Lubricate for 600 minutes, the unlubricated of experimental example 2 is 60 minutes (4) result of the tests
Result of the test is shown in Table 1.Specific wear amount is wear volume divided by sliding distance and the value obtained by load, by shape Into the minor axis of friction marks, the geomery (φ 40mm and R60mm) of pairing material calculate wear volume.It should illustrate that 1 table of table Show the specific wear amount and friction coefficient of the experimental example 2 when the specific wear amount and friction coefficient of experimental example 1 be set to 1.000.
[table 1]
Then, the superficial layer of the second fluororesin layer of sliding component to being used in the present invention nearby have cross-linked structure into Row explanation.Usually, fluorine resin, particularly polyflon are highly stable in chemistry, to organic solvent etc. also pole It is stablized, therefore identifies that molecular structure or molecular weight etc. are difficult.But by using19F evil spirits angle spin (MAS) nuclear-magnetism is common The measure of (NMR) method of shaking (magic angle nuclear magnetic resonance at a high speed) and parsing, can identify the cross-linked structure of the sliding component of the present invention.
For measure, using Jeol Ltd. NMR device JNM-ECX400, with suitable measure nuclear species (19F), resonant frequency (376.2MHz), MAS (magic angle spin) rotating speed (15 and 12kHz), sample size are (in 4mm solid NMR pipes About 70 μ L), stand-by period (recycling time delay, recycle delay time) (10 seconds) and measuring temperature (about 24 DEG C) Come carry out.Show the result in Fig. 2~Fig. 5.Fig. 2 represents that the NMR of the superficial layer of experimental example 1, Fig. 3 represent the NMR figures of experimental example 2 Enlarged drawing.In addition, the NMR of the superficial layer of experimental example 3 is shown in Fig. 4.In Fig. 2~Fig. 4, epimere represents MAS rotating speeds 15kHz, hypomere represent MAS rotating speeds 12kHz.Fig. 5 is that with crosslinking, the signal strength at increased -82ppm places is used as by intensity Obtained from being normalized, map for-the 122ppm of the main signal signal strengths located.In Fig. 5, epimere represents measured value, under Segment table shows coordinate diagram.Think that the signal intensity ratio is higher, then more crosslink.
If no the second fluororesin layer (experimental example 1,0kGy) for carrying out radioactive ray irradiation of measure under the conditions described above, Then under MAS rotating speeds 15kHz, the signal (Fig. 2 epimeres) of -82ppm, -122ppm, -162ppm are observed.In addition, in MAS rotating speeds Under 12kHz, similarly, observe the signal of -58ppm, -82ppm, -90ppm, -122ppm, -154ppm, -186ppm (under Fig. 2 Section).Known -122ppm is-CF2-CF2The signal of F atom in-key, -82ppm are-CF2-CF3- CF in key3F atom Signal.It can thus be appreciated that：- 82ppm under MAS rotating speeds 15kHz and -162ppm,-the 58ppm under MAS rotating speeds 12kHz, -90ppm, - 154ppm, the signal of -186ppm are spin side band (Spinning Side Band：SSB).It is explained, -122ppm~- The hidden signal to broaden in the signal of -122ppm is observed in the region of 130ppm.The signal is that should be observed in -126ppm - CF2-CF3- CF in key2- F atom signal.Therefore, the second uncrosslinked fluororesin layer of radioactive ray irradiation is not carried out With with belonging to-CF2-CF2- the 122ppm of-key, belong to-CF2-CF3- 82ppm and -126ppm signal NMR figure To represent.
If measuring the radiological dose that has irradiated 500kGy under the same conditions with the second uncrosslinked fluororesin layer The solid of the superficial layer (experimental example 2,500kGy) of second fluororesin of radioactive ray19F MAS NMR, in addition to the side band that spins, Observe -68ppm, -70ppm, -80ppm, -82ppm, -109ppm, -112ppm, -122ppm, -126ppm, -152ppm and - The signal (Fig. 3 epimeres and Fig. 3 hypomeres) of 186ppm.-68ppm、-70ppm、-80ppm、-109ppm、-112ppm、-152ppm And the signal of -186ppm is to be irradiated by radioactive ray and emerging, the intensity of the signal of -82ppm increases compared with not irradiating.
If measuring the radiological dose that has irradiated 1000kGy under the same conditions with the second uncrosslinked fluororesin layer The solid of the superficial layer (experimental example 3,1000kGy) of second fluororesin of radioactive ray19F MAS NMR, in addition to the side band that spins, Observed -68ppm, -70ppm, -77ppm, -80ppm, -82ppm, -109ppm, -112ppm, -122ppm, -126ppm, - The signal (Fig. 4 epimeres and Fig. 4 hypomeres) of 152ppm and -186ppm.-68ppm、-70ppm、-77ppm、-80ppm、-109ppm、- The signal of 112ppm, -152ppm and -186ppm are to be irradiated by radioactive ray and emerging, and the signal of the signal of -82ppm is strong Increase compared with spending when 500kGy irradiates.
For above-mentioned signal, if representing that the F atom of ownership, such as known -70ppm belong to=CF- with underscore CF 3, -109ppm belongs to-CF 2-CF(CF3)-CF 2-, -152ppm belongs to=CF-CF=, -186ppm belongs to ≡ CF (Beate Fuchs and Ulrich Scheler., Branching and Cross-Linking in Radiation- Modified Poly(tetrafluoroethylene)：A Solid-State NMR Investigation.Macromolecules, 33,120-124.2000).
These signals represent the presence of the chemically fluorine atom of non-equivalence, while represent that the superficial layer of the second fluororesin is formed The three-dimensional structure as caused by crosslinking.In addition, according to above-mentioned document, it is known that for the intensity for the signal observed, with irradiation Line amount 500kGy is compared, the signal strength enhancing of illuminated line amount 1000kGy, at least up to illuminated line amount 3000kGy, with irradiation The increase of line amount, signal enhancing.It is explained, for the signal for not having to record in above-mentioned document, it is believed that due to the photograph of radioactive ray The difference of condition is penetrated, the structure of the second fluororesin layer is different, but by=CF-CF 3、-CF 2-CF(CF3)-CF 2- ,=CF-CF=, ≡CFExist etc. structure, it is known that form cross-linked structure.
As shown in figure 5, normalized signal intensity ratio increases as illuminated line amount increases.Understand in illuminated line amount Significantly to there is cross-linked structure during 500kGy.
The water system coating fluidmn of the second fluororesin layer of formation used in above-mentioned experimental example is passed through in 90 DEG C of thermostat After the drying condition coating of 30 minutes or so after drying, burnt till in atmosphere in 380 DEG C of heating furnace 30 minutes, make 4 μ of thickness The uncrosslinked fluororesin envelope of m.5 film contiguity are laminated, electron beam has been carried out under above-mentioned 2nd experiment condition from one side Irradiation.After irradiation, by fluororesin by UF membrane, for each film, Jeol Ltd. NMR devices JNM- is used ECX400, NMR measure has been carried out according to above-mentioned experimental example.Measure as a result, from irradiation towards the face institute in the opposite side of irradiation Existing film, reduces, it is known that have incline structure with being crosslinked associated signal strength.
Irradiated by radioactive ray, surface-crosslinked, the case hardness rise of fluororesin.Determine in 1~experimental example of experimental example 3 Case hardness.For case hardness, Anjelen Sci. ＆ Tech. Inc's system is used：Nano-hardness tester (G200), with basis The method of ISO14577 determines the identation hardness of treadmill test piece.It should illustrate that measured value represent surface roughness and from The average value of the depth (position of hardness stabilization) of the influence of base material (SPCC), 10 positions each to each test film are surveyed It is fixed.Determination condition：Sub- shape Wei バ ー Us ビ ッ チ types are pressed, compression distance becomes the depth of 5mN, load on speed for load For 10mN/ points, measuring temperature is 25 DEG C.For identation hardness, hardness is calculated by press-in load and displacement (area).Will measure Results are shown in Table 2.
[table 2]
Identation hardness (MPa)
Experimental example 1 45.4
Experimental example 2 74.8
Experimental example 3 84.2
The result that the result of table 2 is mapped is Fig. 6.The longitudinal axis of Fig. 6 (a) represents identation hardness, and transverse axis represents illuminated line amount. Identation hardness shows good correlation with illuminated line amount, therefore calculates illuminated line amount by both regression straight lines and be Identation hardness when 250kGy, 800kGy.Show the result in Fig. 6 (b).
As shown in table 2 and Fig. 6, by by the surface-crosslinked of fluororesin, in addition as the degree of cross linking raises, using impression The case hardness rise that hardness represents.In the present patent application, 58~82MPa is become with the identation hardness of envelope, is preferably become The mode of 58.5~79.8MPa irradiates radioactive ray to make fluororesin layer high rigidity.Illuminated line amount is preferably set to 250~ 800kGy.The case hardness of sliding layer can be adjusted in the range of the illuminated line amount.
Irradiation as a result, if identation hardness is lower than 58MPa, wear extent is big, and metal base exposes sometimes.In addition, such as Fruit identation hardness rises than 82MPa high, the then hardness of envelope, therefore brittle, is sometimes prone to peeling-off grade by membrane damage.
In addition, being irradiated by radioactive ray, fluororesin is crosslinked and can reduce fusing point.For the measure of fusing point, use Differential Scanning Calorimetry analysis meter (エ ス ア イ ア イ Na ノ テ Network ノ ロ ジ ー company manufacture, product name " DSC6220 ") into OK.Irradiation superficial layer is only cut, 10~15mg of fluororesin envelope is enclosed the same sealed aluminum of company system by measure sample use Sample obtained from sample container (hereinafter referred to as aluminum dish), reference have used the aluminium oxide by fluororesin envelope and same amount (Al2O3) enclose sample obtained from aluminum dish.On determination condition, by under nitrogen stream (200mL/ minutes) atmosphere, with 2 DEG C/minute The programming rate of clock be warming up to from 30 DEG C 370 DEG C, maintain at such a temperature after twenty minutes, with 2 DEG C/min of cooling rate from 370 DEG C cool to 40 DEG C of numerical value measured.The summit of endothermic peak when will heat up is as melting peak temperature, as fusing point.Will Measurement result is shown in Table 3.
[table 3]
Fusing point (DEG C)
Experimental example 1 322
Experimental example 2 299
Experimental example 3 282
The result that the result of table 3 is mapped is Fig. 7.The longitudinal axis of Fig. 7 (a) represents fusing point, and transverse axis represents illuminated line amount.Fusing point Show good correlation with illuminated line amount, thus by both regression straight lines calculated illuminated line amount for 250kGy, Fusing point during 800kGy.Show the result in Fig. 7 (b).
As shown in table 3 and Fig. 7, it is crosslinked by surface, in addition, as the degree of cross linking raises, the fusing point on surface Reduce.In the present case, to the envelope after burning till, using irradiation temperature as the radioactive ray pre-irradiation than the second fluororesin layer Low 30 DEG C of fusing point temperature to 50 DEG C higher than the fusing point of temperature below, the fusing point of envelope become 285~317 DEG C, preferably 289 ~311 DEG C of mode irradiates radioactive ray, reveals fluororesin layer eutectic.Illuminated line amount be preferably set to 250kGy~800kGy with Under.Irradiation as a result, if fusing point is higher than 317 DEG C, wear extent is big, and metal base exposes sometimes.In addition, if fusing point ratio 285 DEG C low, then the hardness of envelope rises, therefore brittle, is sometimes prone to peeling-off grade by membrane damage.
For the Ferrious material base material with above-mentioned sliding layer, since the adaptation of sliding layer and Ferrious material base material is excellent It is different, in addition, wear resistance is also excellent in the oil for sliding surface, therefore Ferrious material material made cage can be suitable for, had The rolling bearing of the retainer.Especially for use in the oil, the rolling bearing i.e. engine using needle rollers as rolling element Connecting rod big end bearing, in the case of connecting rod small end bearing or crankshaft support axis, preferably.
The structure of cage for rolling bearing with above-mentioned sliding layer is shown in Figure 8.Fig. 8 is to make needle rollers conduct The stereogram of the rolling bearing of rolling element Ferrious material made cage.
It is maintained for for device 6, the pocket hole 7 for being used for keeping needle rollers is set, with the column portion 8 between each pocket hole and admittedly The both sides ring portion 9,10 in the fixed column portion 8 keeps the interval of each needle rollers.Since column portion 8 keeps needle rollers, in column The central portion in portion bends to the recessed folding line of folding line (mountain folding paddy folding) of protrusion, is formed in and the combination of both sides ring portion 9,10 Portion has complicated shape of the plane depending on the circular tablet heaved.For the manufacture method of this retainer, can use from Sectional material blank cuts out ring, the method for forming pocket hole 7 using punching by press process；After having carried out press process to tablet, cut Appropriate length is broken into, is rounded with ring-type, method by being engaged etc..In the surface portion of the retainer 6 Form the sliding layer of fluororesin envelope.The surface portion for forming the retainer of sliding layer is the portion contacted with lubricating oil or lubricating grease Position, preferably forms sliding layer in the whole surface of the retainer 6 on the surface comprising the pocket hole 7 contacted with needle rollers.
Fig. 9 is the stereogram of the needle roller bearing for the embodiment for being denoted as rolling bearing.As shown in Figure 9 that Sample, needle roller bearing 11 by multiple needle rollers 12, by the needle rollers 12 at certain intervals or unequal interval keep guarantor Holder 6 is formed.In the case of the link rod part bearing of engine, it is not provided with bearing inner race and bearing outer ring and directly will The axis of bent axle, piston pin etc. is inserted into the internal side diameter of retainer 6, and the outside diameter of retainer 6 is embedded into the connecting rod as shell Matching hole and use.Since without Internal and external cycle, the diameter needle rollers 12 smaller than length are used as rolling element, therefore the pin Shape roller bearing 11 becomes small-sized roller bearing compared with the general rolling bearing with Internal and external cycle.
Will be shown in Figure 10 using the longitudinal section for 4 cycle engines for having above-mentioned needle roller bearing.
Figure 10 is that the vertical of 4 cycle engines for having used needle roller bearing as an example of the rolling bearing of the present invention cuts Face figure.4 cycle engines have：Open inlet valve 13a, the mixing closed air bleeding valve 14a and mix gasoline and air Gas sucks the suction stroke of combustion chamber 15 via air intake duct 13；Close inlet valve 13a and push up up piston 16 to compress mixing The compression travel of gas；The outburst stroke for breaking out the gaseous mixture compressed；The burning gases that will be broken out with opening air bleeding valve 14a The instroke being vented via exhaust pipe 14.Moreover, have：Straight reciprocating motion is carried out by burning in these strokes Piston 16, export rotary motion bent axle 17 and piston 16 is connected with bent axle 17, by straight reciprocating motion be transformed to rotation transport Dynamic connecting rod 18.Bent axle 17 is pivoted about with Pivot axle 19, and rotating balance is obtained by balance weight 20.
Connecting rod 18 is by being provided with big end 21 in the lower section of linear barred body, being provided with the connecting rod structure of small end 22 on the top Into.Bent axle 17 is rotatably propped up via the needle roller bearing 11a of the matching hole for the big end 21 for being installed on connecting rod 18 Hold.In addition, for the piston pin 23 for linking piston 16 and connecting rod 18, via the cooperation for the small end 22 for being installed on connecting rod 18 The needle roller bearing 11b in hole and be rotatably supported by.
By using the needle roller bearing of excellent in sliding property, even 2 circulation hairs of miniaturization or high-output power Motivation, 4 cycle engines, durability are also excellent.
In Fig. 9, as bearing, illustrated for needle roller bearing, but the rolling bearing of the present invention can also be made For barrel roller bearing other than the above, taper roll bearing, self-aligning roller bearing, needle roller bearing, thrust cylinder Roller bearing, tapered roller thrust bearing, thrust needle roller bearing, thrust self-aligning roller bearing etc. use.Especially, Used in the rolling bearing that Ferrious material made cage can be adapted to use, use under oil lubrication environment.
In addition, for the Ferrious material base material with above-mentioned sliding layer, in the lubricating grease being made of base oil and thickener The lower wear resistance of lubrication is also excellent, therefore can be suitable for Ferrious material made cage, have the rolling bearing of the retainer. For lubricating grease, because high speed rotate when fever caused by bearing heating, because of the rolling element being formed from steel and guarantor The friction of holder and the galling powder that produces is mixed into, deteriorate.In this regard, by the way that the sliding layer of the present invention is arranged at mutual slip Ferrious material base material at least one party, compared with the situation mutually slided between iron, can suppress galling powder through when Incrementss (mixed volume in lubricating grease).As a result, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of lubricating grease, the lubrication of lubricating grease can be extended Service life.
An example of the bearing lubricated as lubricating grease, for the bearing in the main motor of rail truck, due to It is corresponding with the expansion on the direction of principal axis due to the main shaft of temperature change and contraction, therefore use axis of the ball bearing as affixed side Hold, on the other hand, as the bearing of free side, use expansion that can be with main shaft and the corresponding barrel roller bearing of contraction.It is just solid For the ball bearing for determining side, it is, for example, deep groove ball bearing, there is steel ball and iron plate wave mode retainer.In addition, the cylinder of free side There is roller bearing the cylinder roller of steel and brass to rub and pull out retainer.By these main motor bearings in high temperature, high speed In the case of the lower use of rotation, for example, the lubricating grease with lithium soap and mineral oil is used as lubricant.
For the lubricating life of the lubricating grease in the main motor bearing of such rail truck, relative to bearing It is short for rolling fatigue life, therefore now in the overhaul for the vehicle that each defined travel distance is implemented, It is lubricated the refitting operation (maintenance) of fat.In addition, in the maintenance period of present situation, due to it is above-mentioned the reasons why etc., also mostly is profit The deterioration of consistent lubricant carries out.Applied by regarding the rolling bearing of the present invention as the bearing, the lubrication longevity of lubricating grease can be extended Life, can extend above-mentioned maintenance period.
Embodiment
1~embodiment of embodiment 7
The needle bearing for being ready for chrome-molybdenum steel (SCM415) φ 44mm processed × wide 22mm of Q-tempering processing is kept Device (substrate surface hardness Hv：484~595), using with the basalis used in above-mentioned experimental example 1 and the second fluororesin layer shape The coating fluid identical into the middle coating fluid used, it is dry being under the same conditions coated with PTFE surfaces sliding layer with experimental example 1 It is dry to burn till.Using the electron beam illuminating device used in experimental example 2, electron beam irradiation has been carried out according to experimental example 2.Said Bright, the accelerating potential of electron beam is 70kV.Illuminated line amount is shown in Table 4.In addition, the table that will be obtained by the result of Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 The identation hardness and fusing point in face are shown in Table 4 at the same time.
Surface-treated needle bearing retainer is evaluated with the following method.By wear extent experimental rig Summary is shown in Figure 11.
SUJ2 systems, Q-tempering are being handled to the concavity pairing material of 0.1~0.2 μm of HRC62, recess surface roughness Ra 24 are pressed against in the state of vertical direction is installed on the retainer 6 of rotation axis with defined load 25, by with rotation axis one Rising rotates retainer 6, so as to evaluate the frictional behavior of the envelope applied to 6 surface of retainer, determines wear extent.Measurement strip Part is load：440N, lubricating oil：Mineral oil (10W-30), sliding speed：930.6m/ minute, minute：100 it is small when.Separately Outside, the overburden amount by using visual observation at this time, is evaluated hence for the adaptation of PTFE envelopes.With regard to overburden amount Speech, " big " peels off area for maximum stripping position are 1mm2Situation above is " small " for the maximum peels off area for peeling off position Less than 1mm2Situation.It is explained, recessed R portions radius is set with 20~55 μm bigger than retainer radius of size.Lubricating oil makes With the amount of the height for the half for being impregnated into retainer.Show the result in table 4.
Prepare lubricating oil immersion test piece, using method as shown below, for lubricating oil immersion test.For test bar Part, test film, assay method etc., show in detailed below.
3 square rods of envelope will be imposed in 150 DEG C of lubricating oil [in poly-alpha-olefin：ル ー カ Application ト HL-10 (three wells Learn Co., Ltd. manufacture) in the addition of 1 weight % ZnDTP (manufacture of LUBRIZOL677A, LUBRIZOL company) product] In 2.2g impregnated of 200 it is small when after, determine the concentration (unit of stripping quantity by film component of the dissolution in lubricating oil：ppm). Concentration mensuration is using fluorescent X-ray measure [fluorescent X-ray measurement device：Rigaku ZSX100e (manufacture of リ ガ Network company)] it is fixed Amount.For test film, square rod (total surface area 774mm of each 3 SCM415 3mm × 3mm × 20mm is used2), with The same method of 1~embodiment of embodiment 4 form respectively electron beam irradiation envelope.Show the result in table 4.
Comparative example 1 and comparative example 2
In addition to making radiological dose of the electron beam irradiation line amount described in table 4, rolling same as Example 1 has been obtained Needle shaft bearing retainer.Evaluate similarly to Example 1.Show the result in table 4.
Comparative example 3
In addition to the uncrosslinked PTFE envelopes in surface are formed except no irradiating electron beam, obtain same as Example 1 Needle bearing retainer.Evaluated similarly to Example 1.Show the result in table 4.
Comparative example 4
In addition to the thickness for making sliding layer becomes 40 μm, needle bearing retainer has been manufactured similarly to Example 1.By In generating crackle in the stage of burning till for sliding envelope, therefore later electron beam irradiation, evaluation test have ceased.
Comparative example 5
Basalis is not formed, the second fluororesin is directly formed with coating fluid same as Example 1 and identical condition Layer, electron beam irradiation has been carried out with the illuminated line amount shown in table 4.Evaluated similarly to Example 1.Show the result in In table 4.
Comparative example 6
It is to carry out the needle bearing holding of chrome-molybdenum steel (SCM415) φ 44mm processed × wide 22mm of Q-tempering processing Device surface has the example of silver coating.Evaluated similarly to Example 1.Show the result in table 4.
[table 4]
1) with 20 it is small when it is peeling-off, interrupted experiment
2) basalis is not formed, the PTFE envelopes of the second fluororesin are directly formd on base material
3) due to being peeled off near base material, experiment has been interrupted
Industrial applicability
The present invention can also suppress to wear under conditions of the middle and high sliding speed of lubricating oil, high surface pressure, obtain sliding structure Part, therefore can particularly use the retainer used in lubricating oil of Ferrious material made cage and use this Used in the field of the rolling bearing of retainer.
The explanation of reference numeral
1 sliding component
2 sliding layers
3 Ferrious material base materials
4 basalises
5 crosslinking fluororesin layers
6 retainers
7 pocket holes
8 column portions
9 ring portions
10 ring portions
11 needle roller bearings
12 needle rollers
13 air intake ducts
14 exhaust pipes
15 combustion chambers
16 pistons
17 bent axles
18 connecting rods
19 Pivot axles
20 balance weights
21 big ends
22 small ends
23 piston pins
24 concavity pairing materials
25 loads

Claims (11)

1. a kind of sliding component, it is to be used under oil lubrication environment, have sliding layer on the surface of Ferrious material base material Sliding component, it is characterised in that
Above-mentioned sliding layer the surface of above-mentioned Ferrious material base material have the basalis comprising heat-resistant resin and the first fluororesin, There is the second fluororesin layer in the substrate surface,
Above-mentioned heat-resistant resin is containing carbon atom and also containing oxygen atom, nitrogen-atoms at least main chain of macromolecular structure And the resin of at least one atom in sulphur atom,
Above-mentioned second fluororesin layer is that the near surface at least making above-mentioned sliding layer is crosslinked the crosslinking fluororesin layer formed.
2. sliding component according to claim 1, it is characterised in that above-mentioned Ferrious material base material, above-mentioned basalis and on It is with being not provided with adhesive layer mutually closely sealed to state the second fluororesin layer.
3. sliding component according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that for above-mentioned sliding layer, from above-mentioned second fluorine The superficial layer of resin bed becomes to the surface of above-mentioned Ferrious material base material, the crosslinking ratio of above-mentioned first fluororesin and the second fluororesin It is small.
4. according to the sliding component described in claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterised in that above-mentioned second fluororesin is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Resin.
5. sliding component according to claim 4, it is characterised in that just above-mentioned second fluororesin superficial layer nearby and Speech, compared with uncrosslinked polyflon, solid19The chemistry occurred in F evil spirits angle spin (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) figure Shift value (δ ppm) also selects in addition to-the 82ppm, -122ppm, -126ppm of above-mentioned uncrosslinked polyflon From at least one chemistry in -68ppm, -70ppm, -77ppm, -80ppm, -109ppm, -112ppm, -152ppm and -186ppm Shift value, or signal strength and the signal of above-mentioned uncrosslinked polyflon in the -82ppm chemical displacement values occurred Intensity is compared to increase.
6. sliding component according to claim 1, it is characterised in that above-mentioned heat-resistant resin is selected from aromatic amides acyl At least one kind of aromatic resin in imide resin and aromatic imides resin.
7. sliding component according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the layer thickness of above-mentioned sliding layer is more than 5 μm and not To 40 μm.
8. a kind of Ferrious material made cage, it is to maintain the Ferrious material made cage of the rolling element of rolling bearing, its feature It is,
The Ferrious material made cage is formed by sliding component according to claim 1, the sliding layer after radioactive ray irradiation The identation hardness measured using ISO14577 methods be 58~82MPa.
9. a kind of Ferrious material made cage, it is to maintain the Ferrious material made cage of the rolling element of rolling bearing, its feature It is,
The Ferrious material made cage is formed by sliding component according to claim 1, and above-mentioned the after radioactive ray irradiation Fusing point near difluoro resin surface layer is 285~317 DEG C.
10. a kind of rolling bearing, it uses Ferrious material made cage according to claim 8 or claim 9.
11. rolling bearing according to claim 10, it is characterised in that above-mentioned rolling bearing is the connecting rod tip of engine Portion is with rolling bearing, connecting rod small end with rolling bearing or crankshaft support axis rolling bearing.
CN201680051973.5A 2015-08-03 2016-08-03 Sliding member, rolling bearing, and retainer Expired - Fee Related CN108026973B (en)

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CN113217543A (en) * 2020-02-06 2021-08-06 大同金属工业株式会社 Sliding member
CN114450497A (en) * 2019-09-27 2022-05-06 大同金属工业株式会社 Sliding member of internal combustion engine comprising self-checking material for monitoring damage of sliding member
CN114502371A (en) * 2019-12-12 2022-05-13 住友电气工业株式会社 Sliding member and method for manufacturing same

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