CN108026602B - Method for producing prefabricated material for producing metal parts with regions of different strength - Google Patents

Method for producing prefabricated material for producing metal parts with regions of different strength Download PDF

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CN108026602B
CN108026602B CN201680055184.9A CN201680055184A CN108026602B CN 108026602 B CN108026602 B CN 108026602B CN 201680055184 A CN201680055184 A CN 201680055184A CN 108026602 B CN108026602 B CN 108026602B
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region
thermal energy
supplied
zone
regions
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CN108026602A (en
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斯特凡娜·格拉夫
萨沙·西科拉
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ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
ThyssenKrupp AG
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ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
ThyssenKrupp AG
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C21D8/1294Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a localized treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0205Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/16Heating or cooling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J1/00Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
    • B21J1/06Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • C21D1/10Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation by electric induction
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0226Hot rolling
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0236Cold rolling
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a prefabricated material for producing a metal part having a plurality of regions of different strength, wherein in a first step a first region of the prefabricated material, which is free of a coating, is supplied with thermal energy in order to heat the first region and at least partially convert the material structure in the first region into austenite, while a second region of the prefabricated material is not supplied with thermal energy, and in a second step following the first step the first region is cooled in order to at least partially convert the material structure in the first region into martensite. The invention also relates to a corresponding device.

Description

Method for producing prefabricated material for producing metal parts with regions of different strength
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for producing a prefabricated material for producing a metal part having a plurality of regions of different strength.
Background
Parts with a plurality of regions of different strength are used, for example, in automobile production. In such components, increased strength is usually provided in the region which should be deformed only slightly in the event of a crash. In contrast, the regions with low strength may deform more severely in the event of a crash and absorb the high crash energies occurring in the event of a crash.
The production of such parts can be carried out, for example, by so-called "tailor tempering". "tailor-tempering" refers to a hot deformation process in which a coated preform material, such as a coated beam blank, is generally heated as a whole in a temperature range from 880 ℃ to 950 ℃ and then hot deformed in a deformation tool. The deformation tool has a plurality of temperature zones through which the sheet is cooled at different rates. Here, parts having locally different strength properties are formed. In the rapidly cooled region, a martensitic material microstructure is formed, so that this region has increased strength. The slowly cooled areas have reduced strength. This method is used in practice completely, but it has been shown to be disadvantageous that a relatively long time investment is required to produce a soft region.
Disclosure of Invention
The aim of the invention is to reduce the time required for producing metal parts having regionally different strength properties.
This object is achieved by a method for producing a prefabricated material for producing a metal part having a plurality of regions of different strength, wherein
In a first step, a first uncoated region of the starting material is supplied with thermal energy, so that the first region is heated and the material structure in the first region is at least partially transformed into austenite, while a second region of the starting material is not supplied with thermal energy, and
Cooling the first region in a second step, which follows the first step, so that the material structure in the first region is at least partially converted into martensite.
In the method according to the invention, the uncoated starting material in the first region is hardened, so that the first region obtains an increased strength compared to the second region. In order to obtain a lower intensity compared to the first zone, no heating and slow cooling of the second zone is required. Thus, the time investment for manufacturing a plurality of regions having different strength characteristics can be reduced. Furthermore, parts having a plurality of regions of different strength can also be produced by means of cold forming, in particular by deep drawing or roll forming.
The uncoated starting material preferably contains iron, particularly preferably steel. The uncoated prefabricated material can be configured as a hot-rolled strip, which is obtained by hot rolling. Alternatively, the uncoated preform material may be a cold-rolled strip, which is obtained by cold rolling. Alternatively, the uncoated starting material can also be designed as a blank. Such a beam blank can be obtained, for example, by cutting from a hot rolled strip or a cold rolled strip. Furthermore, it is also possible that this beam blank already has the two-dimensional basic shape of the part to be manufactured.
The uncoated starting material preferably has no coating applied to the surface of the starting material. It is particularly preferred that the uncoated precursor material is not galvanized or electroplated. By using a coating-free preform, there is no need to worry about undesired changes of the preform and/or of a possibly present coating of the preform as a result of the heating of the first region and/or the subsequent rapid cooling of the first region.
An advantageous embodiment provides that the thermal energy is supplied by a laser. The laser achieves focusing of the energy output by it on a set area, thereby heating this area. Alternatively, the thermal energy may also be supplied by one or more induction coils. The heating of the first region by induction is achieved by means of an induction coil.
The first region of the prefabricated material is preferably configured as a strip. In particular in the case of a strip-shaped preform, for example a hot-rolled strip or a cold-rolled strip, a strip-shaped first region with increased strength can be produced by first feeding the strip-shaped preform to an energy supply device, for example a laser or an induction coil, and then cooling it. The cooling can be accomplished by feeding the strip-shaped pre-form material to a cooling device after being fed through the energy supply device. A gaseous and/or liquid cooling medium can be applied to the first region of the starting material by means of the cooling device, so that the starting material in the first region is cooled.
According to one advantageous embodiment, the first region to which thermal energy is supplied has a plurality of strip-shaped first sections and second sections which are separated from one another by strip-shaped sections of the second region to which no thermal energy is supplied. Thereby, a prefabricated material is obtained having a plurality of strip-shaped areas of high strength and low strength alternating with each other. Such prefabricated materials can be used for producing such parts for automobile production, i.e. absorbing the impact energy in the event of a crash and in this case deforming in a controlled manner, for example crash boxes (Crashbox) or stringers. A plurality of strip-shaped regions of different strength alternating with one another can be folded together in the event of a crash in the manner of an accordion.
In this connection, it has proven to be preferred if a plurality of adjacent strip-shaped first and second sections have the same center-to-center distance, so that in the event of a crash, substantially uniform folds can be formed. Furthermore, the first and second sections of the strip may have the same width.
Alternatively, a plurality of adjacent strip-shaped first and second sections can also be designed in such a way that they have different center-to-center distances. By choosing different center-to-center distances, the adjustable part has a non-uniform folding behavior in the event of a crash.
A preferred embodiment provides that the third zone of the preliminary material is supplied with thermal energy in a first step in such a way that the third zone is heated to a higher temperature than the first zone, and that the third zone is likewise cooled in a second step. In this way, a greater part of the material structure can be transformed into austenite in the third region than in the first region. In the subsequent cooling of the first and third regions, a higher strength is achieved in the third region than in the first region. This achieves a personalized increase in the strength in the different regions of the prefabricated material.
According to a further advantageous embodiment, the starting material has a material thickness and the heat energy is supplied in the first region in a non-uniformly distributed manner over the material thickness. The thermal energy is thus not supplied uniformly distributed over the entire material thickness, but rather an increased thermal energy is applied to selected partial regions of the material cross section, while no thermal energy or only a small amount of thermal energy is applied to other partial regions of the material cross section. In this way, regions with a non-uniform distribution of the intensity variations over the thickness of the material can be produced in the starting material. The non-uniform supply of energy is preferably achieved by a laser, wherein the maximum value of the energy output can be set by the optical system of the laser. The material thickness of the preform is preferably greater than 2mm, particularly preferably greater than 3 mm.
In this connection, it has proven to be particularly advantageous to arrange the maximum of the supplied thermal energy in an inner region, in particular in the center, of the starting material, so that a first region of this kind is produced in which the surface of the starting material has a lower strength than the inner region. The region thus treated can be bent and/or crimped in a subsequent processing step, with the risk of undesired fracture of the preform being reduced.
According to an advantageous embodiment, the prefabricated material is deformed by hot rolling and/or by semi-hot rolling after the first region has been supplied with thermal energy. In this connection, cold rolling is to be understood as rolling of the preform at room temperature. Semi-hot rolling is understood to be the rolling of the starting material at a semi-hot rolling temperature which is increased relative to room temperature, wherein the semi-hot rolling temperature is selected such that the starting material is not austenitized. Thermal energy may be transferred to the roller by contact of the preform with the roller to cause the preform to cool. Alternatively or additionally, the prefabricated material can be wound, in particular on a reel, after the first region has been supplied with thermal energy. During the winding, the individual layers of the prefabricated material can be brought into contact with one another, so that the heat energy absorbed in the heated first region can be output into the other layers of the prefabricated material. Thereby, cooling of the first region can be promoted.
According to an alternative preferred embodiment, the preform can be deformed by pressing, in particular in a flat press, after the first region has been supplied with thermal energy. In the pressing, the thermal energy can be output to the pressing tools of the press, in particular to the pressing plates, in order to support the cooling of the preform. The pressing tool, in particular the pressing plate, is particularly preferably actively cooled.
It is also advantageous if the preliminary material is coated in a third step following the second step. By providing the coating after heating and cooling in the first area, the surface of the prefabricated material can be protected from corrosion and/or external influences without having to worry about the influence on the coating by heating and cooling. It is particularly advantageous to electroplate the preformed material, for example galvanically. Alternatively, the prefabricated material can also be hot-plated, in particular hot-galvanized.
To solve the object mentioned at the beginning, it is also advantageous if an apparatus for producing a prefabricated material for producing a metal part having a plurality of regions of different strength comprises:
An energy supply device for supplying thermal energy to the uncoated starting material in the first region, so as to heat the first region and at least partially convert the material structure in the first region into austenite, while a second region of the starting material is not supplied with thermal energy, and
A cooling device for cooling the first region, thereby at least partially converting the material structure in the first region into martensite.
The same advantages as already explained with respect to the method according to the invention are achieved in this device.
The energy supply device preferably has a laser or an induction coil.
According to one advantageous embodiment, the device has a conveying device for conveying the prefabricated material in the direction of transport. Preferably, a plurality of energy supply devices are provided, which are arranged at a distance from one another in a transverse direction, which is arranged transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to the transport direction, so that the starting material can be transported past the energy supply devices. In particular, a plurality of cooling devices is preferably provided, which are likewise arranged at a distance from one another in the transverse direction. The cooling device is preferably arranged such that the prefabricated material conveyed in the transport direction first passes through the energy supply device and then through the cooling device.
Further details, features and advantages of the invention emerge from the figures and from the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the figures. The drawings show only one exemplary embodiment of the invention, which does not limit the inventive concept.
Drawings
Figure 1 shows in perspective one embodiment of an apparatus for manufacturing prefabricated materials,
The preform material is used to make a metal part having a plurality of regions of differing strength.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows an exemplary device 1, by means of which a prefabricated material 10 for a metal part for the production of a motor vehicle having a plurality of regions of different strength is produced.
As starting material, the device 1 is supplied with an uncoated preform 10, preferably made of steel, particularly preferably made of manganese boron steel, which is configured as a strip. The pre-cast material 10 may be a hot rolled steel strip or a cold rolled steel strip. The prefabricated material 10 is provided wound on the reel 2. During the processing, the prefabricated material 10 is unwound from the reel 2 and is transported in the transport direction T by a transport device, not shown.
The starting material 10 is first conveyed by means of a conveying device through a plurality of energy supply devices 3, by means of which thermal energy is supplied to the first region 5 of the starting material 10. Due to the input of thermal energy, the first region 5 is heated to a temperature above the Ac1 temperature of the preform 10, preferably above the Ac3 temperature of the preform 10, and the material structure in the first region 5 is at least partially, preferably completely, transformed into austenite. The energy supply 3 supplies heat only into the first region 5 of the preform 10. The second region 6 of the starting material 10 is not exposed to heat when the starting material 10 passes through the energy supply device 3 without entering the region of influence of the energy supply device 3. This means that, unlike the first region, no transformation of the material structure into austenite takes place in the second region.
The energy supply devices 3 are arranged at a distance from one another in a line extending in a transverse direction Q, which is perpendicular to the transport direction T. The energy supply devices 3 each have a laser or an induction coil. The arrangement of the energy supply devices 3 spaced apart from one another produces a first region 5 having a first strip-shaped section 5.1 and a second section 5.2, which are each separated from one another by a strip-shaped section 6.1 of the second region 6. In this embodiment, the first and second sections 5.1, 5.2 of adjacent strips have different center-to-center distances. In a variant of the embodiment, the energy supply devices 3 are separated by the same distance, which results in strip-shaped sections of the first region 5 having the same center-to-center distance.
After the preform 10 has passed through the energy supply device 3, the preform 10 is conveyed through a plurality of cooling devices 4. By means of the cooling device 4, the heated first region 5 of the preform 10 is cooled in such a way that the material structure in the first region is at least partially converted into martensite. Thereby, a first region 5 is obtained having a higher intensity with respect to the second region 6.
The cooling devices 4 are arranged at a distance from one another in a line extending in a transverse direction Q, which is perpendicular to the transport direction T. The distance between the cooling devices 4 is selected such that the first section 5.1 and the second section 5.2 of the first region 5 are fed into the cooling devices 4 after being heated by the energy supply device 3. A gaseous and/or liquid cooling medium is applied to the preform 10, in particular to the first region 5 of the preform 10, by means of the cooling device 4.
In this case, the uncoated starting material 10 is hardened in the first region 5, the second region 6 not being hardened and substantially retaining its initial strength. No heating of the second region 6 is required.
After the aforementioned regional hardening, the preform 10 is then cold rolled and/or semi-hot rolled. Furthermore, the prefabricated material 10 is coated (galvanized), for example by means of an electrolytic coating process or a hot-dip coating process.
According to a variant of the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the thermal energy is applied differently by a plurality of energy supply devices 3 in such a way that a higher temperature is reached in the third region than in the first region 5. The temperature may be adjusted between the Ac1 temperature and the Ac3 temperature of the preform 10 in the first zone and may be adjusted to exceed the Ac3 temperature in the third zone. Therefore, a greater part of the structure is austenitized in the third region than in the first region 5. By means of the cooling device 4, not only the first region 5 but also the third region, which has a higher strength than the first region, is cooled, so that a martensitic material structure is formed in the first region 5 and in the third region.
Alternatively or additionally, the thermal energy may be supplied to the first region and/or the third region in a non-uniform distribution over the material thickness of the starting material 10. Thereby, a non-uniform distribution of intensity variations over the thickness of the material may be produced. The energy supply is preferably carried out by a laser, wherein the maximum value of the energy output can be adjusted by means of the optics of the laser. For example, the laser may be focused such that the maximum of the supplied thermal energy is in the inner region of the preform. In this case, a first region and/or a third region is produced in which the surface of the preform has a lower strength than the inner region.
According to another variant of the previous embodiment, a preform material 10 configured as an uncoated beam blank is used.
Description of the reference numerals
1 manufacturing apparatus
2 winding drum
3 energy supply device
4 Cooling device
5 first region
5.1 first section of the first region
5.2 second section of the first region
6 second region
6.1 strip-shaped sections of the second region
10 prefabricated material
Transverse direction Q
T transport direction.

Claims (11)

1. Method for producing a prefabricated material (10) for producing a metal part having a plurality of first regions (5) and second regions (6) of different strength, wherein
-in a first step, supplying thermal energy to a first uncoated region (5) of the prefabricated material (10) so as to heat the first region (5) and at least partially convert the material structure in the first region (5) into austenite, while not supplying thermal energy to a second region (6) of the prefabricated material, and
-in a second step, subsequent to the first step, cooling the first region (5) so as to at least partially transform the material structure in the first region (5) into martensite, and
Wherein the preform (10) has a material thickness and the thermal energy is supplied in the first region (5) in an unevenly distributed manner over the material thickness, wherein a maximum of the supplied thermal energy is arranged in an inner region of the preform.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the thermal energy is supplied by a laser or an induction coil.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first region (5) is configured in strip form.
4. Method according to claim 1, wherein the first region (5) has a plurality of strip-shaped first sections (5.1) and second sections (5.2), which are separated from one another by strip-shaped sections (6.1) of the second region (6).
5. A method according to claim 4, wherein a plurality of adjacent strip-shaped first (5.1) and second (5.2) sections have the same centre-to-centre distance.
6. A method according to claim 4, wherein a plurality of adjacent strip-shaped first sections (5.1) and second sections have different centre-to-centre distances.
7. A method according to claim 1, wherein heat is supplied to the third zone of the prefabricated material in a first step in such a way that the third zone is heated to a higher temperature than the first zone (5), and in a second step the third zone is likewise cooled.
8. Method according to claim 1, wherein the pre-formed material (10) is deformed by cold rolling and/or semi-hot rolling after the first zone (5) is supplied with thermal energy.
9. Method according to claim 1, wherein the pre-formed material (10) is deformed in a planar press by pressing after the first zone (5) has been supplied with thermal energy.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-formed material is coated in a third step after the second step.
11. Apparatus for manufacturing a pre-formed material (10) for manufacturing a metal part having a plurality of first (5) and second (6) regions of different strength, wherein the pre-formed material (10) has a material thickness and in the first region (5) heat energy is supplied unevenly distributed over the material thickness, comprising:
-energy supply means (3) for supplying thermal energy to the uncoated starting material (10) in the first region (5) so as to heat the first region (5) and at least partially convert the material structure in the first region (5) into austenite without supplying thermal energy to the second region (6) of the starting material (10), and
-a cooling device (4) for cooling the first region (5) so as to at least partially transform the material microstructure in the first region (5) into martensite.
CN201680055184.9A 2015-09-22 2016-09-06 Method for producing prefabricated material for producing metal parts with regions of different strength Active CN108026602B (en)

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DE102015116014.5A DE102015116014B3 (en) 2015-09-22 2015-09-22 Process for the production of a starting material for the production of metallic components with regions of different strength
DE102015116014.5 2015-09-22
PCT/EP2016/070929 WO2017050559A1 (en) 2015-09-22 2016-09-06 Method for producing a starting material for the production of metallic components having regions of different strength

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CN108026602B true CN108026602B (en) 2020-07-28

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