CN108023652B - Simulation method of laser transmission characteristics applied to seawater channel - Google Patents

Simulation method of laser transmission characteristics applied to seawater channel Download PDF

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CN108023652B
CN108023652B CN201711018216.0A CN201711018216A CN108023652B CN 108023652 B CN108023652 B CN 108023652B CN 201711018216 A CN201711018216 A CN 201711018216A CN 108023652 B CN108023652 B CN 108023652B
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杨祎
贺锋涛
扶华
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Shaanxi Growerm Photoelectric Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/391—Modelling the propagation channel
    • H04B17/3912—Simulation models, e.g. distribution of spectral power density or received signal strength indicator [RSSI] for a given geographic region
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
    • H04B10/075—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
    • H04B10/079—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B13/00—Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups H04B3/00 - H04B11/00
    • H04B13/02—Transmission systems in which the medium consists of the earth or a large mass of water thereon, e.g. earth telegraphy

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Abstract

The invention disclosesA simulation method of laser transmission characteristics applied to a seawater channel is disclosed, wherein a transmitting end generates photons; initializing a photon state; carrying out random migration; judging whether collision occurs or not, if the collision occurs, carrying out the next step, if not, obtaining the photon position (x, y, z), wherein the photon weight w is 1, and calculating the scattering angle, the direction angle and the free path of the photon after the photon collision; obtaining the photon motion direction and judging whether mu is present or notznAnd if yes, the next step is carried out, whether the receiving surface is reached is judged, and if yes, the next step is carried out, the receiving end counts the weight value of the photon at the reaching position, and the simulation of the laser transmission characteristic is completed. The underwater laser communication simulation method has the beneficial effect of more accurate simulation of underwater laser communication.

Description

Simulation method of laser transmission characteristics applied to seawater channel
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and relates to a method for simulating laser transmission characteristics of a seawater channel.
Background
Underwater wireless optical communication plays an important role in ocean strategy. An underwater wireless sensor network in deep sea monitors underwater information in real time, and an AUV (underwater intelligent vehicle) assists a diver to acquire data of ocean resources, and the underwater wireless sensor network in deep sea needs to rely on a high-speed underwater communication technology. Research shows that the attenuation of blue-green light in seawater is much smaller than that of other light wave bands, and the transmission rate under water can reach Gbit/s due to the strong penetrating ability, high working frequency, large information transmission amount and strong anti-interference ability of the blue-green laser, so that the blue-green laser communication has certain potential in the underwater communication technology. However, since the seawater contains many impurities, such as phytoplankton, suspended particles, yellow substances and the like, the seawater has certain complexity, the current underwater laser communication simulation research method is not accurate enough, and the research on the underwater laser communication is limited to a certain extent. It is particularly important to study the characteristics of blue-green lasers in seawater channels.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for simulating laser transmission characteristics applied to a seawater channel, and solves the problems that the transmission environment of laser in the seawater channel is complex, and the inaccuracy of a simulation research method of underwater laser communication is limited to a certain extent.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is carried out according to the following steps:
step 1: the emitting end generates photons;
step 2: initializing a photon state;
and step 3: carrying out random migration;
when the photons are transmitted in the seawater, the photons can randomly collide with water molecules and impurities in the seawater, so that the transmission direction of the photons is changed;
and 4, step 4: judging whether collision occurs or not, if the collision occurs, carrying out the next step, otherwise, obtaining the photon position (x, y, z), wherein the photon weight w is 1, and then jumping to the step 7;
and 5: calculating a scattering angle, a direction angle and a free path of the photon after the photon collides;
measuring new parameters when photons collide in the transmission process
Figure GDA0001612414370000021
Wherein, thetanThe scattering angle;
Figure GDA0001612414370000022
pointing to a direction angle; dnThe distance from the initial position after the photon collides n times from the initial point is the sum of the distances along the z direction after each collision;
step 6: obtaining the photon motion direction and judging whether mu is present or notznIf yes, the next step is carried out, otherwise, the step 2 is skipped;
and 7: judging whether the receiving surface is reached, if so, carrying out the next step, otherwise, jumping to the step 5;
and 8: and the receiving end counts the weight value of the photon at the arrival position to complete the simulation of the laser transmission characteristic.
Further, the light source at the emitting end for generating the photons in step 1 is a point light source, the light emitting energy is the same, and the photon emitting angles are randomly distributed from 0rad to 1 mrad.
Further, the cosine value of the photon divergence angle θ in step 2 obeys [0.999999, 1 ]]Is chosen to be random, the azimuth angle phi is 2 pi r, r obeys 0, 1]Random distribution with initial weight w equal to 1, single scattering power
Figure GDA0001612414370000023
Wherein b is the scattering coefficient of seawater, c is the attenuation coefficient of seawater, w0The water quality control method can change along with the difference of the sea water attenuation coefficient, and the asymmetric factor g is 0.924;
further, θ in step 5nAnd
Figure GDA0001612414370000024
represented by the formula:
Figure GDA0001612414370000025
direction after random collision:
Figure GDA0001612414370000026
Figure GDA0001612414370000027
Figure GDA0001612414370000028
μznis the single impact length of the nth impact of the photon along the z-direction.
Further, in step 8, the method for counting the weight value of the photon at the arrival position by the receiving end is as follows:
because the light spot expansion is similar to a circular spot, the weight of the received photons is counted in a narrow band passing through the center of a circle by a central line with the light spot width of 1 mm:
judging the value of the abscissa of the photon in a narrow band with the light spot center width of 1mm, and keeping the abscissa to be in a millimeter level; secondly, judging the values of the abscissas of different photons, if the absolute values of the abscissas of the photons are equal, indicating that the photon receiving area is within the range of 1mm multiplied by 1mm, approximately regarding the photons within the range of 1mm multiplied by 1mm as a photon, and then, the weight of the photon is equal to the sum of the weights of the photons within the range of 1mm multiplied by 1 mm;
and by analogy, counting the abscissa positions of all photons in a narrow band with the width of 1mm passing through the circle center to obtain the weight of the photons.
The underwater laser communication simulation method has the beneficial effect that the simulation of the underwater laser communication is accurate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the algorithm of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an algorithmic statistical plot of received photon positions and weights;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the location of photon statistical received power;
fig. 4 is a plot of the optical power received by the optical transmission versus spot position in seawater.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
The algorithm steps of the invention are shown in fig. 1.
Step 1: the emitting end generates photons; the light source at the optional emission end is a point light source, photons are uniformly distributed in the range of an emergent light spot area, and the emergent angle of the photons is randomly distributed from 0rad to 1 mrad.
Step 2: initializing a photon state; for photon initialization, the cosine value of the photon divergence angle theta obeys 0.999999, 1]Is chosen to be random, the azimuth angle phi is 2 pi r, r obeys 0, 1]Is randomly distributed. Initial weight w is 1, single scattering power
Figure GDA0001612414370000031
Wherein b is the scattering coefficient of seawater, c is the attenuation coefficient of seawater, w0Will vary with the attenuation coefficient of the seawater. The asymmetry factor g is 0.924, and the initialized value is determined according to the selection of the light source. The value of the asymmetry factor g is selected according to the sea water scattering characteristics in the reference.
And step 3: carrying out random migration; when the photons are transmitted in the seawater, the photons randomly collide with water molecules and impurities in the seawater, so that the transmission direction of the photons is changed.
And 4, step 4: judging whether collision occurs, if so, carrying out the next step, otherwise, jumping to the step 7;
and 5: calculating a scattering angle and a direction angle after photon collision and a position after photon collision;
when the photon collides in the transmission process, it will use the new direction angle
Figure GDA0001612414370000041
To continue the next transmission. Wherein, thetanThe scattering angle is the included angle between the incident light and the light in the scattering direction on the scattering surface;
Figure GDA0001612414370000042
the direction angle represents the rotation angle of the projection of the scattering direction of the photon on the horizontal plane; dnIs the distance from the starting position after n collisions of a photon from the starting point, which is the sum of the distances in the z direction after each collision.
According to the scattering property of seawater to light, when photons are scattered, the scattering direction of the photons
Figure GDA0001612414370000043
Can be represented by the following formula.
Figure GDA0001612414370000044
Direction after random collision:
Figure GDA0001612414370000045
Figure GDA0001612414370000046
Figure GDA0001612414370000047
μznis the single collision length in the z-direction of the nth collision of a photon, determined by the scattering angle of the collision.
Step 6: obtaining the photon motion direction and judging whether mu is present or notznIf yes, the next step is carried out, otherwise, the step 2 is skipped;
and 7: judging whether the receiving surface is reached, if so, carrying out the next step, otherwise, jumping to the step 5;
and 8: the Monte Carlo method is used, firstly, the position coordinates of photons are counted on a receiving surface, and then the value of the abscissa of the photons is judged in a narrow band with the width of 1mm (namely the ordinate of the photons is less than or equal to 1 mm). Fig. 2 shows the weighting step of the arrival position of the photon at the receiving end. Firstly, counting the received photon positions:
since the spot spread approximates a circular spot, the received power within this circular spot is analyzed and we choose to make statistics of the weight of the received photons within a narrow band of 1mm in width:
and judging the value of the abscissa of the photon in a narrow band (namely the ordinate of the photon is less than or equal to 1mm) with the light spot width of 1mm passing through the center of a circle. At this time, three bits after the decimal point of the abscissa value of the photon, that is, the abscissa is retained to the millimeter level. And secondly, judging the values of the abscissas of different photons, if the absolute values of the abscissas of the photons are equal, indicating that the part of photons are in the range of 1mm multiplied by 1mm, approximately regarding the photons in the range of 1mm multiplied by 1mm as one photon, and then, the weight of the photon is equal to the sum of the weights of the photons in the range of 1mm multiplied by 1 mm.
By analogy, all photons within a narrow band of 1mm width can be approximately divided into a number of photons ranging in size 1mm x1 mm.
And finally, counting the weight of the photons.
According to the circular light spot expanded by the light source at the emitting end point, the received detector is a PIN photoelectric detector with the receiving area of 1mm multiplied by 1mm, and the detector is placed in a narrow band of light spot division, as shown in figure 3. The power received anywhere in this narrow band.
The light spot is expanded to be approximately a circular spot, and the received power at the position is the same as the power on a circular ring with the same radius from the center of the circle, so that the power value counted by taking the receiving surface of the PIN detector as a unit from left to right in the narrow-band area can be used for obtaining the receiving power value of the PIN detector at any position in the light spot. Statistics of received photon weights as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 statistics of received photon weights
Photon abscissa Xi X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 ... xn
Photon weight Wi W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 ... wn
Photon weight Wi' w1+w2 0
Photon weight Wi' w1+w2+w3 0 0
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
The first step is as follows: judging the relation between X1 and Xn
(1) Determining the sizes of X1 and X2
If the abscissa X1 is X2, and the photon weight W1 is W1+ W2, the photon weight W1' is put in W1, and W2 is 0.
If the X1 is not equal to the X2, continuing to judge the size relationship between the X1 and the X3;
(2) determining the sizes of x1 and x3 on the abscissa of the photon
If x1 is x3, the photon weight w1 is w1+ w2+ w3, and the photon weight w1 is put in w1, so that w3 is 0.
If X1 is not equal to X3, continuing to judge the size relationship between X1 and X4;
......
and the like until the size relation between x1 and xn is judged
The second step is that: determining the relationship of x2 to xn
(1) Determining the sizes of x2 and x3 on the abscissa of the photon
If the abscissa x2 is x3, and the photon weight w2 is w2+ w3, the photon weight w 2' is put in w2, and w3 is 0.
If X2 is not equal to X3, continuing to judge the size relationship between X2 and X4;
......
and the like until the size relation between x2 and xn is judged
......
The n-1 step: judging the relation between Xn-1 and Xn
And step 9: when different seawater quality parameters are adopted, the relative receiving power of the receiver at any position in the light spot is obtained by using a two-dimensional transmission model as shown in the following formula:
Figure GDA0001612414370000061
wherein k is1(d)＝﹣1.425d－24.31，k2(d)＝﹣2.3d+23.77，k3(d) 0.06 d; in the formula, x represents an offset value of a receiving point from the center position of a light spot, m, f (d, x) represents a difference value of the received light power of the receiving end and the initial power, dB, d represents a laser transmission distance, and m.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the received optical power of the receiver as a function of the photon position. Wherein the emitting end emits light with power Pt-23 dBm, and the chlorophyll concentration chl of phytoplankton in seawater is 0.3mg/m3The concentration D of non-pigment suspended particles is 0.8mg/L, and the attenuation coefficient c of seawater is 0.4634m-1. In offshore waters, i.e. when the sea water decaysCoefficient c is 0.4634m-1And then, a two-dimensional wireless laser transmission curve graph of the transmission distance, the receiving position and the receiving power is obtained by fitting a curve with a flat-top Gaussian function.
The corresponding relation between the laser transmission attenuation and the transmission distance of the seawater area can be found from a two-dimensional wireless fitting model when the fixed receiver is positioned at a certain position of the light spot; when the transmission distance is determined, the relative receiving power of the receiver at any position in the light spot can be obtained by utilizing a two-dimensional transmission model, so that a reference basis is provided for the design of an underwater blue-green laser transmission system, and the defect of a seawater channel theoretical transmission model is overcome.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications, equivalent variations and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A simulation method of laser transmission characteristics applied to a seawater channel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: the emitting end generates photons; selecting a light source at an emitting end as a point light source, uniformly distributing photons in an emergent light spot area, and randomly distributing the photon emergent angle from 0rad to 1 mrad;
step 2: initializing a photon state; for photon initialization, the cosine value of the photon divergence angle theta obeys 0.999999, 1]Is chosen to be random, the azimuth angle phi is 2 pi r, r obeys 0, 1]Random distribution with initial weight w equal to 1, single scattering power
Figure FDA0002619030520000011
Wherein b is the scattering coefficient of seawater, c is the attenuation coefficient of seawater, w0The water quality control method can change along with the difference of the sea water attenuation coefficient, and the asymmetric factor g is 0.924;
and step 3: carrying out random migration; when the photons are transmitted in the seawater, the photons can randomly collide with water molecules and impurities in the seawater, so that the transmission direction of the photons is changed;
and 4, step 4: judging whether collision occurs, if so, carrying out the next step, otherwise, jumping to the step 7;
and 5: calculating a scattering angle and a direction angle after photon collision and a position after photon collision;
when photons collide in the transmission process, a new direction angle is used
Figure FDA0002619030520000012
To proceed with the next transmission, wherein θnThe scattering angle is the included angle between the incident light and the light in the scattering direction on the scattering surface;
Figure FDA0002619030520000013
the direction angle represents the rotation angle of the projection of the scattering direction of the photon on the horizontal plane; dnThe total distance along the z direction after the photons collide for n times from the starting point, and the scattering direction of the photons is determined according to the scattering property of seawater to light after the photons are scattered
Figure FDA0002619030520000014
Can be represented by the following formula:
Figure FDA0002619030520000015
direction after random collision:
Figure FDA0002619030520000016
Figure FDA0002619030520000017
Figure FDA0002619030520000018
μznthe n-th collision of a photon being in the z-directionThe length of the single collision, determined by the scatter angle of the collision;
step 6: obtaining the photon motion direction and judging whether mu is present or notznIf yes, the next step is carried out, otherwise, the step 2 is skipped;
and 7: judging whether the receiving surface is reached, if so, carrying out the next step, otherwise, jumping to the step 5;
and 8: using a Monte Carlo method, firstly counting the position coordinates of photons at a receiving surface, then judging the value of the abscissa of the photons in a narrow band with the width of 1mm, and firstly counting the positions of the received photons:
since the spot spread approximates a circular spot, the received power within this circular spot is analyzed, and the weights of the received photons within a narrow band of 1mm width are chosen for statistics:
judging the value of the abscissa of the photon in a narrow band with the light spot width of 1mm passing through the center of the circle, keeping three bits behind a decimal point of the abscissa value of the photon, namely keeping the abscissa to the millimeter level, judging the values of different abscissa of the photon, if the absolute values of the abscissa of the photon are equal, indicating that the part of the photon is in the range of 1mm multiplied by 1mm, approximately regarding the photons in the range of 1mm multiplied by 1mm as a photon, and then the weight of the photon is equal to the sum of the weights of the photons in the range of 1mm multiplied by 1mm, and so on, all the photons in the narrow band with the width of 1mm can be approximately divided into a plurality of photons with the range size of 1mm multiplied by 1mm, and finally counting the weights of the photons, according to the circular light spot expanded by the light source of the emission end point, the received detector is a photoelectric detector with the PIN area of 1mm multiplied by 1mm, the detector is placed in a narrow band divided by the light spots, because the light spot is expanded to be approximately a circular spot, the received power at the position is the same as the power on a circular ring with the same radius from the center of the circle, the power value counted by taking the receiving surface of the PIN detector as a unit from left to right in the narrow band region can be used for obtaining the received power value of the PIN detector at any position in the light spot;
and step 9: when different seawater quality parameters are selected, the relative receiving power of the receiver at any position in a light spot is obtained by using a two-dimensional transmission model as shown in the following formula:
Figure FDA0002619030520000021
wherein k is1(d)＝-1.425d-24.31
k2(d)＝-2.3d+23.77
k3(d)＝0.06d；
In the formula, x represents an offset value of a receiving point from the center position of a light spot, m, f (d, x) represents a difference value of the received light power of the receiving end and the initial power, dB, d represents a laser transmission distance, and m.
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