CN108021608A - A kind of lightweight website dispositions method based on Docker - Google Patents
A kind of lightweight website dispositions method based on Docker Download PDFInfo
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- CN108021608A CN108021608A CN201711049549.XA CN201711049549A CN108021608A CN 108021608 A CN108021608 A CN 108021608A CN 201711049549 A CN201711049549 A CN 201711049549A CN 108021608 A CN108021608 A CN 108021608A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/90—Details of database functions independent of the retrieved data types
- G06F16/95—Retrieval from the web
- G06F16/958—Organisation or management of web site content, e.g. publishing, maintaining pages or automatic linking
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F8/00—Arrangements for software engineering
- G06F8/60—Software deployment
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/455—Emulation; Interpretation; Software simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
- G06F9/45533—Hypervisors; Virtual machine monitors
- G06F9/45558—Hypervisor-specific management and integration aspects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/455—Emulation; Interpretation; Software simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
- G06F9/45533—Hypervisors; Virtual machine monitors
- G06F9/45558—Hypervisor-specific management and integration aspects
- G06F2009/45595—Network integration; Enabling network access in virtual machine instances
Abstract
Present disclose provides a kind of lightweight website dispositions method based on Docker, including：Docker services are disposed on the server；And Docker services increase application deployment engine in Docker container performing environments, the lightweight website deployment based on Docker is completed.Lightweight website dispositions method of the disclosure based on Docker, solving conventional virtual machine mode and running multiple and different applications has needed multiple virtual machines, takes that resource is huge, starts the problem of speed is slow, autgmentability is poor, realizes the performance and efficiency of higher.
Description
Technical field
This disclosure relates to technical field of the computer network, more particularly to a kind of lightweight website deployment side based on Docker
Method.
Background technology
With China university and scientific research institution and the reinforcement of domestic and international academic exchange, Internet is as widest information
Shared platform is exchanged, under Internet environment, meeting website has been not limited solely to the website simply to release news, interior
Hold and usually also include contributions processing function, online registration is attended a meeting function, participant's information management, inquiry, export, download, realization
Online contribution, online registration are attended a meeting, numerous system module such as conferencing information function of statistic analysis.With annual academic conference
Hold, content and user data are all different, and have data increased trend year by year.
For such lightweight website, traditional software application deployment way is on the basis of hardware, is fictionalized more
A operating system, then disposes relevant application in system.If there are multiple lightweight websites to take virtual machine mode portion every year
Administration, forms larger waste in the utilization of resources.
Docker is the advanced container engine based on LXC that PaaS providers DoctCloud increases income, source code trustship
On Github, based on go language and defer to Apache2.0 agreements and increase income.The success of the arrival of cloud computing era -- AWS, guiding
Developer will apply and be transferred on cloud, solve the problems, such as hardware management, but environmental management is complicated, from various OS to each
Kind middleware is to various software applications, and the thing being concerned about as developer's needs is too many, and is difficult to manage, this problem almost exists
All modern times IT relevant industries are required for facing, and can simplify a variety of application examples of deployment to this Docker and work, for example Web should
With, background application, database application, big data one can be packaged into using such as Hadoop clusters, message queue etc.
Image is disposed.Docker appearance using virtualization means change -- the cloud epoch reduce cost using standard configuration hardware,
Meet the needs of user uses on demand using virtualization means and ensure availability and isolation.Since Docker is based on
The characteristics of virtualization feature of LXC lightweights, Docker are most obvious compared to KVM etc is exactly to start soon, and resource occupation is small.Therefore
Running environment for the standardization for building isolation, the PaaS of lightweight, builds automatic test and continuous integrating environment, with
And all can be extending transversely application, especially need rapid starting/stopping tackle the web of peak valley application.From structure the simplest
Set out into form, Docker actually aims to provide a set of can be loaded on shared infrastructure to software work and carries out
The container environment of management, but also ensure that at the same time and be isolated from each other between different loads and be independent of each other, create the operation of complete set
System stack, will be included into by virtual machine management program with the relevant equipment of the system, and with virtual machine solutions
Difference lies in, Docker be largely dependent upon (SuSE) Linux OS built-in a function --- entitled LXC is (i.e.
Linux container).LXC is divided the memory of different processes using the various functions being built among operating system, even
CPU and Internet resources can be split to a certain extent.Docker mirror images need not be carried out as a set of brand-new operating system
Complete bootup process, so the volume of software kit with regard to can significantly be compressed, application program operate in shared calculating
Also it will be provided with significantly more lightweight advantage when on resource.In addition, Docker also allows workload directly to access
Device driver, so as to bringing the I/O speeds of service far more than virtual machine management program scheme.Docker mirror images just gradually into
For the standard of application delivery, the ecosystem to shoot up in addition, it will be using issue, the preferred manner shared.
The content of the invention
(1) technical problems to be solved
In view of above-mentioned technical problem, the disclosure provides a kind of lightweight website dispositions method based on Docker, solves
Conventional virtual machine mode, which runs multiple and different applications, will play multiple virtual machines, and occupancy resource is huge, starts speed slowly, expands
Malleability is poor, and current application is usually combined from already present component, and relies on the problem of other service and apply,
Realize the performance and efficiency of higher.
(2) technical solution
According to one aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a kind of lightweight website dispositions method based on Docker, including：
Docker services are disposed on server；And Docker services increase application deployment in Docker container performing environments
Engine, completes the lightweight website deployment based on Docker.
In certain embodiments, the Docker services include：Docker clients (Client), Docker guard into
Journey (daemon), Docker mirror images (Image), Docker containers (Container) and Docker warehouses (Registry).
In certain embodiments, Docker services are disposed on the server, including：Resource layer：Complete operating system aspect
Configuration and deployment, including the configuration of kernel upgrading, Docker service arrangements, security strategy and the distribution of ssh public keys；Container floor：Layout
Relation and/or increase server resource between Docker containers and server；And application layer：Service access is externally provided
Point, backstage (Backend) is distributed to for handling service (Service) request, or by service (Service) request, by
Backend containers processing service (Service) request.
In certain embodiments, resource layer completes the configuration of operating system aspect and deployment, further includes：A server is selected to make
For the web configuration interfaces of lightweight website, for managing a privately owned Docker warehouses, to distribute Docker mirror images.
In certain embodiments, the relation between the web configuration interface layout containers and server of lightweight website is passed through；
New server resource is added by adding equipment.
In certain embodiments, by the deployment of resource layer, resource operation plane, resource behaviour are provided to the container floor
Make plane to be used to import mirror image, start-stop container to server.
In certain embodiments, by the deployment of container floor, container operation plane is provided to application layer, is put down in container operation
Relation on face between the various services of layout, realizes distributed system architecture.
In certain embodiments, Service-Backend schema construction Service dependent trees, the root node pair of tree are passed through
Service is provided outside system.
In certain embodiments, when starting a service, recurrence is checked the backstage of the service by distributed system architecture,
Start the leaf node of dependent tree and ensure step by step to recall after state is normal and start parent service.
In certain embodiments, the lightweight website dispositions method based on Docker, further includes：Pass through
Iptables is blocked from Docker containers to the communication of all Intranet IP；Pass through selinux or apparmor restricted parts
The resource that Docker containers can access；Read-only mode carry is used to part sysfs or procfs catalogue；Pass through grsec
Carry out hardened system kernel；Quota control is carried out to resources such as memory, CPU, disk read-writes by cgroup or by tc to each
The bandwidth of Docker containers is controlled.
(3) beneficial effect
It can be seen from the above technical proposal that lightweight website dispositions method of the disclosure based on Docker at least have with
One of lower beneficial effect：
(1) the lightweight website dispositions method based on Docker, solve conventional virtual machine mode run it is multiple and different
Using that will play multiple virtual machines, take resource is huge, start speed is slow, autgmentability is poor and current application usually from
Already present component combination, and the problem of other service and apply is relied on, realize the performance and efficiency of higher.
(2) blocked from container to the communication of all Intranet IP by iptables, limited by selinux or apparmor
Resource that partial containers processed can access, to part sysfs or procfs catalogue using read-only mode carry, pass through grsec
Carry out hardened system kernel, carry out quota control to resources such as memory, CPU, disk read-writes by cgroup or by tc to each
The bandwidth of container is controlled, and further ensures safety and isolation.
Brief description of the drawings
By the way that shown in attached drawing, above and other purpose, the feature and advantage of the disclosure will become apparent from.In whole attached drawings
Identical reference numeral indicates identical device.Deliberately attached drawing is not drawn by actual size equal proportion scaling, it is preferred that emphasis is show
Go out the purport of the disclosure.
Fig. 1 is according to lightweight website dispositions method flow chart of the disclosure based on Docker.
Fig. 2 is according to application deployment Organization Chart of the disclosure based on Docker technologies.
Fig. 3 is according to disclosure Docker inter-component relationships figures.
Fig. 4 is the deployment procedure chart according to three aspects of the disclosure.
Embodiment
For the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the disclosure are more clearly understood, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and reference
Attached drawing, is further described the disclosure.
The present disclosure proposes a kind of lightweight website dispositions method based on Docker.As shown in Figure 1, the disclosure is based on
The lightweight website dispositions method of Docker, comprises the following steps：
Docker services are disposed on the server；
Docker services increase application deployment engine in Docker container performing environments, are based on described in completion
The lightweight website deployment of Docker.
Method of disclosure is incremented by for annual number of users, because policy change, the development of new technology and external environment condition become
Change, web site contents version and different lightweight website are based on Docker container techniques in deployment, efficiently solve
Conventional virtual machine mode, which runs multiple and different applications, will play multiple virtual machines, and occupancy resource is huge, starts speed slowly, expands
Malleability is poor, and current application is usually combined from already present component, and relies on the problem of other service and apply.
In addition, in terms of server load, if individually opening a virtual machine, then virtual machine can take free memory,
And using Docker to dispose, these memories will be effectively used, and the operation of Docker containers need not be extra
Hypervisor support, it is the virtualization of kernel level, therefore can realize the performance and efficiency of higher.
Performance comparison is carried out by a large amount of tests, and with physical server.In CPU, memory, disk, network facet,
The performance of Docker and physical equipment is basically identical, without excess loss.Then Docker and virtual machine realization principle are carried out
Comparison, can substantially draw some conclusions：(1) since Docker is not required Hypervisor to realize that hardware resource virtualizes,
What the program operated on Docker containers directly used is all the hardware resource of actual physics machine, therefore is utilized in CPU, memory
Docker will be advantageous in efficiency in rate.(2) what Docker was utilized is the kernel of host, without Guest OS.
When creating a container, Docker need not reload an operating system nucleus as virtual machine, eliminate this
Process, creating a Docker container only needs several seconds.Therefore Docker contrasts virtual machine occupies on resource consumption compares
Big advantage.In fact, hundreds of container can be easily set up in a physical machine, and can only establish several virtual
Machine.
Docker knowable to angle from above-mentioned realization principle should be higher than virtual machine in the utilization ratio of CPU and memory.
There are 8 cores in 2 Intel's xeon E5-2655 processors of same hardware parameter, 2.4 GHz of dominant frequency, each processor, share
16 cores, under conditions of 256GB RAM, start 3 physical machines, 3 Docker containers and 3 virtual machines and carry out performance datas
Measuring and calculating, experiment learn that in terms of the resource consumption of operating system its computing capability does not almost have Docker relative to physical machine
It is lossy, and virtual machine contrast physical machine then has and is obviously lost, the computing capability of virtual machine is lost 50% or so.
To sum up, if the thousands of a lightweight websites of deployment, Docker deployment way can economize on resources 50% or so than deploying virtual machine.Separately
Outside, in terms of system boot time, Docker can start hundreds of to thousands of a containers within several seconds, and virtual machine then needs to count
Minute.
It is as shown in Figure 2 that disclosure lightweight website application program is based on Docker deployment frameworks.Disposed in physical machine
Docker is serviced, and Docker services add application deployment engine in the Docker container performing environments of virtualization, should
The target of engine is just to provide a light weight, quick environment, can operation program, and easily and efficiently by program from developer
Notebook be deployed to test environment, be then deployed to again in production environment.
Docker has carried out further encapsulation on the basis of LXC, and user need not go to be concerned about the management of container, makes
It must operate more easy, the container of user's operation Docker is simple just as operating the virtual machine of a quick lightweight.Fig. 3
For Docker inter-component relationships figures.As shown in Fig. 3, Docker services include following five part：1st, Docker Client visitors
Family end；2nd, Docker daemon finger daemons；3rd, Docker Image mirrors；4th, Docker Container containers；5、
Docker Registry warehouses.
Docker service by Docker clients connect Docker finger daemons, by order to Docker guard into
Journey sends request, and Docker finger daemons are returned the result by a series of operation.Docker mirror images are the operations of Docker containers
When read-only template, each Docker mirror image includes a series of layer (layers).Docker uses UnionFS (joint texts
Part system) these layers are joined in single mirror image.UnionFS allows the file and file in separate file system
The file system that (being referred to as branch) is individually linked up by transparent covering, formation one.Just because of have the presence of these layers,
Docker is only such light weight.When changing a Docker mirror image, for example some program is upgraded to new version, one new
Layer can be created, therefore without replacing whole original Docker mirror images or re-establishing Docker mirror images, simply one
New layer is added or upgrades.Do not have to issue whole mirror image again now, it is only necessary to upgrade, layer to distribute Docker mirror images
Become simple and quick；Docker warehouses are used for preserving mirror image, it can be understood as the code storage in code control, equally
Also there is publicly-owned and privately owned concept in Docker warehouses.Publicly-owned Docker warehouses name is Docker Hub, it provides huge
Mirror image set for using, these mirror images can be that oneself is created, or be created on the basis of existing mirror image, Docker warehouses are
The distributing portion of Docker；Docker containers and file are much like, and a Docker container contains some all applications
Run required environment.Each Docker container is created from Docker mirror images.Docker containers can run, open
Begin, stop, mobile and deletion.Each Docker container is independent and safety application platform, and Docker containers are
The operation part of Docker.For complete using dependence encapsulation, what same mirror image repeated is testing, integrate, is producing Docker
Disposed Deng environment, accomplish " once building, run everywhere ", suitable for continuous integrating, persistently dispose flow.Although Docker's is first
Inner feelings is for " micro services " architecture design, but the problem of which solve management of process in Telnet container and container, container
Used as developing engine, multiple programs are run in Docker, or even sshd or upstart are also feasible.
Lightweight website dispositions method of the disclosure based on Docker, entirely the process of disposing is divided into three aspects for it：Money
Active layer, container floor, application layer, form distributed deployment frame, as shown in Figure 4：
As shown in figure 4, resource layer：Resource layer completes the configuration of operating system aspect and deployment, including kernel upgrading, Docker
Service arrangement, security strategy configuration, the distribution of ssh public keys etc..The installation of resource layer needs to log in every server and root identity
Operation program bin file, at this time built-in script will be prompted to user and complete to be locally located, and select a wherein server and serve as
The web configuration interfaces of " portal ", i.e. lightweight website, while portal has managed a privately owned docker-registry
For distributing Docker mirror images.By the deployment of resource layer, resource operation plane, resource operation plane tool are deliver to container floor
The standby ability that mirror image, start-stop container are imported to other servers.
Container floor：Container floor can easily be compiled in resource operation plane by the portal web configuration interfaces provided
Arrange the relation between container and server.New server resource can also very easily be added by " addition equipment " function.
In container operation plane, by the relation between the various service requests of layout, the power of distributed system architecture is played.
Application layer：Service is responsible for externally providing service access point, both oneself can handle request, and will can also ask
It is distributed to Backend；Service requests are really handled by Backend containers.Suggest that a Docker runs one in Docker communities
A process, but when there is thousands of process in system, this strategy is not easy to configuration management.After a large amount of tests,
The method that the disclosure runs several processes using a container here, by Service, Backend pattern, can construct
Service dependent trees, the root node of tree outside system to providing service.Service dependent trees will play weight in container startup stage
Act on.When starting certain service, recurrence is checked the Backend of this service by distributed deployment frame, first starts dependent tree
Leaf node simultaneously ensures that backtracking starts parent service step by step again after state is normal, and this mechanism ensure that the startup of each module is suitable
Sequence.
The disclosure also provides a standard module mirror image.A standard module needs to come by certain structural planning catalogue first
Placement module own files.Module, which needs to write corresponding script, to be put into below corresponding catalogue.When the corresponding event of catalogue occurs,
Deployment framework will be used for working as out-put container according to ascii orders successively synchronization call script, first status and info files
The descriptive information of preceding state and container, then adds my_service in mirror image, daily build system meeting using ADD orders
Automatically mirror image build is come out, this module image will be included in the bin bags of second day；Finally when deployment framework starting module is held
Log catalogues can be mounted to during device outside container according to configuration, while call all scripts in start catalogues, so far module opens
It is dynamic to complete.From net-like configuration pattern to star like arrangement pattern, initial website deployment framework uses the pattern of global configuration file,
I.e. after web interface completes configuration, deployment framework can generate a huge configuration file, and configuration file describes whole system
All physical machine situations of system, module situation, Service dependent trees, service access point etc..Any one module sees this
Institute's information in need can be obtained after configuration file, and after any configuration changes, frame only needs to regenerate this
Configuration file simultaneously notifies each module, and configured in one piece complexity is simplified really by this pattern.
In addition, Docker is as a kind of lightweight virtualization technology, its more light weight, while start speed faster, also have
There is following advantage：Faster deliver and dispose, more easily migrate and extend, simpler management.Based on Docker containers
Technology, optimizes application and development, structure, integrated, deployment whole flow process to greatest extent, and provides an efficient, reliable fortune
Row environment.
Developer builds a set of exploitation container using the mirror image of a standard, and after exploitation is completed, operation maintenance personnel can
Directly to dispose code using this container.Docker can quickly create container, and iteratively faster application program, is realized whole
It is process visualized, facilitate each role to understand the establishment and work of application program.Its main working process is as follows：
1st, operation maintenance personnel can build privately owned Docker Registry warehouses on cloud host；
2nd, developer can be on exploitation cloud host from publicly-owned Docker warehouses Docker Hub or privately owned Docker
Registry warehouses obtain the basic Docker mirror images that application needs；
3rd, developer can develop Structural application container on cloud host, and container is submitted after testing oneself as new mirror image and is pushed to
Privately owned Docker Registry, notice QA tests；
4th, QA tests startup container on cloud host at it and is tested；
5th, post staff downloads latest edition mirror image and starts Docker containers on production cloud host.
In addition, in terms of multi-tenant resource isolation, Docker containers make full use of the namespaces of linux kernel
Resource isolation function is provided, with reference to cgroup, in that context it may be convenient to set the resource quota of some container, can meet resource isolation
Demand, and can easily be different stage user setting different stage quota restrictions.But due to the journey run in container
Ordered pair is incredible for hosting service providers, so needing special means to ensure that user can not be from container
Resource of the middle operation to host.In terms of safety and isolation reinforcing, it is contemplated that following measures：
Block the communication from container to all Intranet IP (can also be directed to if desired certainly specific by iptables
IP/ open-endeds authority)；
The resource that some container can access is limited by selinux or apparmor；
To some sysfs or procfs catalogues, using read-only mode carry；
By grsec come hardened system kernel；
Quota control is carried out to resources such as memory, CPU, disk read-writes by cgroup；
The bandwidth of each container is controlled by tc.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments, enables professional and technical personnel in the field to realize or using the application.
A variety of modifications to these embodiments will be apparent for those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized in other embodiments in the case where not departing from spirit herein or scope.Therefore, the application
The embodiments shown herein is not intended to be limited to, and is to fit to and the principles and novel features disclosed herein phase one
The most wide scope caused.
It should be noted that in attached drawing or specification text, the implementation that does not illustrate or describe is affiliated technology
Form known to a person of ordinary skill in the art, is not described in detail in field.In addition, the above-mentioned definition to each element and method is simultaneously
Various concrete structures, shape or the mode mentioned in embodiment are not limited only to, those of ordinary skill in the art can carry out more it
Change or replace.
Particular embodiments described above, has carried out further in detail the purpose, technical solution and beneficial effect of the disclosure
Describe in detail bright, it should be understood that the foregoing is merely the specific embodiment of the disclosure, be not limited to the disclosure, it is all
Within the spirit and principle of the disclosure, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in the guarantor of the disclosure
Within the scope of shield.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of lightweight website dispositions method based on Docker, including：
Docker services are disposed on the server；And
Docker services increase application deployment engine in Docker container performing environments, complete described based on Docker's
Lightweight website is disposed.
2. the lightweight website dispositions method according to claim 1 based on Docker, wherein, the Docker services packages
Include：Docker clients (Client), Docker finger daemons (Daemon), Docker mirror images (Image), Docker containers
(Container) and Docker warehouses (Registry).
3. the lightweight website dispositions method according to claim 2 based on Docker, wherein, dispose on the server
Docker is serviced, including：
Resource layer：The configuration of operating system aspect and deployment are completed, including kernel upgrading, Docker service arrangements, security strategy are matched somebody with somebody
Put and ssh public keys are distributed；
Container floor：Relation and/or increase server resource between layout Docker containers and server；And
Application layer：Service access point is externally provided, for handling service (Service) request, or will service (Service) request
Backstage (Backend) is distributed to, service (Service) request is handled by Backend containers.
4. the lightweight website dispositions method according to claim 3 based on Docker, wherein, resource layer completes operation system
System aspect configures and deployment, further includes：Web configuration interface of the server as lightweight website is selected, it is private for managing one
There are Docker warehouses, to distribute Docker mirror images.
5. the lightweight website dispositions method according to claim 4 based on Docker, wherein, pass through lightweight website
Relation between web configuration interface layout containers and server；New server resource is added by adding equipment.
6. the lightweight website dispositions method according to claim 3 based on Docker, wherein, pass through the portion of resource layer
Administration, provides resource operation plane, which is used to import mirror image, start-stop container to server to the container floor.
7. the lightweight website dispositions method according to claim 3 based on Docker, wherein, pass through the portion of container floor
Administration, provides container operation plane, the relation in container operation plane between the various services of layout, is realized distributed to application layer
System architecture.
8. the lightweight website dispositions method according to claim 7 based on Docker, wherein,
By Service-Backend schema construction Service dependent trees, the root node of tree outside system to providing service.
9. the lightweight website dispositions method according to claim 8 based on Docker, wherein,
When starting a service, recurrence is checked the backstage of the service by distributed system architecture, is starting the leaf section of dependent tree
Put and ensure step by step to recall after state is normal and start parent service.
10. the lightweight website dispositions method according to claim 1 based on Docker, further includes：
Blocked by iptables from Docker containers to the communication of all Intranet IP；Limited by selinux or apparmor
The resource that Docker containers in part processed can access；Read-only mode carry is used to part sysfs or procfs catalogue；Pass through
Grsec carrys out hardened system kernel；Quota control is carried out to resources such as memory, CPU, disk read-writes by cgroup or passes through tc pairs
The bandwidth of each Docker containers is controlled.
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| CN111432006A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-17 | 中科九度(北京)空间信息技术有限责任公司 | Lightweight resource virtualization and distribution method |
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