CN108017494B - Method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbon from mixed light hydrocarbon - Google Patents
Method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbon from mixed light hydrocarbon Download PDFInfo
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- CN108017494B CN108017494B CN201610962304.5A CN201610962304A CN108017494B CN 108017494 B CN108017494 B CN 108017494B CN 201610962304 A CN201610962304 A CN 201610962304A CN 108017494 B CN108017494 B CN 108017494B
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/76—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation of hydrocarbons with partial elimination of hydrogen
- C07C2/82—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation of hydrocarbons with partial elimination of hydrogen oxidative coupling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G50/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from lower carbon number hydrocarbons, e.g. by oligomerisation
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbon from mixed light hydrocarbon, which mainly solves the problem of high energy consumption in the recovery and utilization of ethylene in the mixed light hydrocarbon raw material in the prior art. The invention adopts the following steps: 1) cooling and separating the light hydrocarbon raw material into hydrogen-rich gas and hydrogen-poor liquid; 2) the hydrogen-rich gas is separated into methane-hydrogen mixed gas and demethanized material flow through a demethanization unit; 3) rectifying and separating the hydrogen-poor liquid into a heavy component removal material flow and a first aromatic hydrocarbon material flow; 4) the demethanized material flow and the demethanized material flow are merged and then sent into a light hydrocarbon aromatization reactor to be converted into aromatization products; 5) cooling and separating the aromatization product into a gas-phase product and a second aromatic hydrocarbon stream; 6) compressing the gas-phase product and then sending the gas-phase product into a deethanizer to obtain ethane gas and a recycle stream; 7) the technical proposal that the recycle stream returns to the light hydrocarbon aromatization reactor better solves the problems and can be used in the industrial production of light hydrocarbon aromatization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbon from mixed light hydrocarbon.
Technical Field
A light hydrocarbon aromatization technology is a new petroleum processing technology developed in recent 20 years and is characterized in that low-molecular hydrocarbons such as liquefied gas, topped oil and the like are directly converted into light aromatic hydrocarbons such as BTX or gasoline and the like by utilizing a modified zeolite molecular sieve catalyst. The ZSM-5 molecular sieve has wide industrial application due to the special shape selectivity, good hydrothermal stability and strong anti-carbon capacity. On the catalyst with ZSM-5 zeolite as main active component, low molecular alkane or olefin can be directly converted into arene, and there is no requirement for arene content in the material. By utilizing the characteristic, a plurality of light hydrocarbon aromatization industrial technologies for directly producing light aromatic hydrocarbons such as BTX and the like or high-octane gasoline blending components by different processes and different raw materials are developed at home and abroad. The foreign technologies comprise a Cyclar technology, an Alpha technology, a Z-Forming technology, an M2-Forming technology, an Aro-Forming technology and a Zeoforming technology. The domestic technologies comprise the GTA aromatization technology of Luoyang engineering company, the petrochemical aromatization technology of Shikou and the Nano-forming aromatization technology of Daqi science and technology company.
The light hydrocarbon feedstock compositions of the above techniques are generally relatively simple, being carbon three or four components, and generally containing no ethylene and no ethane, or having a low ethylene and ethane content, regardless of ethane accumulation in the system. However, for some light hydrocarbon raw materials with complex compositions, the prior art does not provide a systematic treatment method and process. For example, light hydrocarbon obtained by the reaction of preparing aromatic hydrocarbon from methanol contains four or more components of hydrogen, methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene and carbon, the composition is complex, the ethylene and ethane content is high, the energy consumption is huge when the prior art is adopted to separate the ethylene and the ethane, the economical efficiency is poor, and the ethane is accumulated in a system when the ethylene and the ethane are not separated. For example, CN101823929 discloses a system and a process for preparing aromatic hydrocarbons by converting methanol or dimethyl ether, wherein a raw material methanol or dimethyl ether is firstly reacted in an aromatization reactor, after separation of the reaction product, H2, methane, mixed C8 aromatic hydrocarbons and part of C9+ hydrocarbons are used as a product output system, and C2+ non-aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons except the mixed C8 aromatic hydrocarbons and part of C9+ hydrocarbons are used as recycle streams and returned to the corresponding reactors for further aromatization reaction. The system and process do not remove ethane, which has a low conversion during aromatization and thus cannot avoid accumulation in the system. To avoid ethane accumulation while recycling ethylene, separation of ethylene and ethane, ethane and propylene is required. These separation operations are energy intensive.
Therefore, the problems of high energy consumption for recycling the ethylene in the mixed light hydrocarbon raw material exist in the prior art, and the invention aims to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of high energy consumption in the recovery and utilization of ethylene in mixed light hydrocarbon raw materials in the prior art, and provides a novel method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbon from mixed light hydrocarbon. The device has the advantage of low energy consumption for ethylene recycling.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbon from mixed light hydrocarbon comprises the following steps: 1) cooling and separating the light hydrocarbon raw material into hydrogen-rich gas and hydrogen-poor liquid; 2) the hydrogen-rich gas is separated into methane-hydrogen mixed gas and demethanized material flow through a demethanization unit; 3) rectifying and separating the hydrogen-poor liquid into a heavy component removal material flow and a first aromatic hydrocarbon material flow; 4) the demethanized material flow and the demethanized material flow are merged and then sent into a light hydrocarbon aromatization reactor to be converted into aromatization products; 5) cooling and separating the aromatization product into a gas-phase product and a second aromatic hydrocarbon stream; 6) compressing the gas-phase product and then sending the gas-phase product into a deethanizer to obtain ethane gas and a recycle stream; 7) the recycle stream is returned to the light hydrocarbon aromatization reactor.
In the technical scheme, the light hydrocarbon raw material comprises components of methane, ethylene, ethane, propylene, propane, C4, C five, benzene, toluene and xylene.
In the above technical solution, the hydrogen-rich gas includes aromatic hydrocarbons less than 500 ppm.
In the above technical solution, the hydrogen-rich gas includes aromatic hydrocarbons of 200ppm or less.
In the above aspect, the hydrogen-rich gas preferably contains 100ppm or less of aromatic hydrocarbons.
In the technical scheme, the light hydrocarbon raw material is a light hydrocarbon reaction product for preparing the aromatic hydrocarbon from the methanol.
In the technical scheme, the mass fraction of propane in the circulating material flow is more than 92%.
In the technical scheme, the operation pressure of the deethanizer is 2.6-3.5 MPA.
In the above technical scheme, the light hydrocarbon aromatization reaction conditions are as follows: the reaction temperature is 500-600 ℃, the reaction pressure is 0.2-0.6 MPA, and the reaction mass airspeed is 0.1-3 HR-1。
In the technical scheme, the light hydrocarbon raw material in the step 1 is cooled to a temperature not higher than 10 ℃.
In the technical scheme, the light hydrocarbon raw material is cooled to a temperature not higher than 15 ℃ in the step 1.
In the above technical scheme, the dehydrogenation unit is a membrane separation unit or a pressure swing adsorption unit.
It is well known that the aromatization reaction is a dehydrogenation reaction, and the presence of hydrogen is detrimental to the aromatization reaction. By adopting the method of the invention, the light hydrocarbon raw material is subjected to demethanization hydrogen pretreatment, the content of hydrogen in the aromatization reaction feed is reduced, and the aromatic selectivity and the raw material conversion rate of the aromatization reaction are ensured. The demethanization hydrogen pretreatment operation adopts membrane separation or pressure swing adsorption separation, and the energy consumption is lower than that of cryogenic separation. The method has the advantages that demethanizing hydrogen pretreatment is carried out on light hydrocarbon raw materials, and simultaneously, the methane content in reaction feeding is reduced, so that the methane content in feeding of a deethanizer is reduced, the tower top temperature of the deethanizer is improved, the requirement on the refrigerant grade is reduced, and the condensing temperature can be reached by adopting propylene refrigerant under proper pressure.
By adopting the method, the content of aromatic hydrocarbon carried in the hydrogen-rich gas is controlled by controlling the cooling temperature of the light hydrocarbon raw material, so that the damage of membrane component materials caused by the poisoning of PSA adsorbent or the occurrence of condensate in a membrane separation unit is avoided. Meanwhile, on the premise of ensuring the qualified aromatic hydrocarbon content, the control of the higher cooling temperature of the light hydrocarbon raw material is beneficial to reducing the energy consumption of a cooling separation unit and a de-heavy tower.
By adopting the method of the invention, the light hydrocarbon raw material is subjected to the heavy hydrocarbon removal pretreatment, so that the content of aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene in the aromatization reaction feed is reduced, the coking of the raw material on the surface of the catalyst is slowed down, and the service life of the catalyst is prolonged.
By adopting the method of the invention, the components of ethylene, ethane and the like are sent into the aromatization reactor together, and the conversion rate of the ethylene is more than 90 percent. After the aromatization reaction product is cooled and separated, the gas-phase product is pressurized by a compressor and then is sent to a deethanizer. The gas phase product has low ethylene content and can be separated together with ethane, thus avoiding the high energy consumption operation of ethylene rectification. The main component of the deethanizer bottom liquid is propane, and the propane is directly returned to the reactor for aromatization reaction. Ethane gas is obtained at the top of the deethanizer.
By adopting the method, the reaction feed is converted into more than 90 percent of ethylene in the aromatization reactor, the separation of the ethylene is avoided, the investment and the energy consumption are reduced, the ethane is separated by the deethanizer, the accumulation of the ethane in a system is avoided, and a better technical effect is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention.
In FIG. 1, 1 is a light hydrocarbon feedstock; 2 is hydrogen-rich gas; 3 is a hydrogen-deficient liquid; 4 is methane-hydrogen mixed gas; 5 is a dehydrogenation stream; 6 is a heavy material removal flow; 7 is a first aromatic hydrocarbon stream; 8 is aromatization reaction feed; 9 is an aromatization reaction product; 10 is a gas phase product; 11 is a second aromatic hydrocarbon stream; 12 is ethane gas; 13 is a recycle stream. I is a first cooling separation unit, II is a demethanization unit, III is a heavy component removal tower, IV is a light hydrocarbon aromatization reactor, V is a second cooling separation unit, and VI is a deethanization tower.
The process flow is briefly described as follows: cooling and separating the light hydrocarbon raw material into hydrogen-rich gas and hydrogen-poor liquid; separating the hydrogen-rich gas into methane-hydrogen mixed gas and dehydrogenation material flow through a demethanization unit; rectifying and separating the hydrogen-poor liquid into a heavy component removal material flow and a first aromatic hydrocarbon material flow; the dehydrogenated material flow and the heavy material-removed flow are converged and then sent into a light hydrocarbon aromatization reactor to be converted into aromatization products; cooling and separating the aromatization product into a gas-phase product and a second aromatic hydrocarbon stream; compressing the gas-phase product and then sending the gas-phase product into a deethanizer to obtain ethane gas and a recycle stream; the recycle stream is returned to the light hydrocarbon aromatization reactor.
The present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples, but is not limited to these examples.
Detailed Description
[ example 1 ]
The temperature of the light hydrocarbon raw material is 40 ℃, the pressure is 1.5MPa, and the volume fraction composition is as follows: 54% of hydrogen, 8% of methane, 12% of carbon, and 26% or more of carbon. The mass content of aromatic hydrocarbon in the light hydrocarbon raw material is 4.9%. The light hydrocarbon raw material is cooled to 10 ℃ in a heat exchanger and then is separated into hydrogen-rich gas and hydrogen-poor liquid in a gas-liquid separator. The aromatic content of the hydrogen-rich gas at this time was 180PPM (volume content). The hydrogen-rich gas is separated into methane-hydrogen mixed gas and dehydrogenation material flow through a PSA pressure swing adsorption separation unit. The dehydrogenation stream was pressurized to 0.3MPa by a compressor. The hydrogen-depleted liquid is separated in a depentanizer into a heavies-depleted stream and a first aromatic stream. The operating pressure of the depentanizer is 0.6MPa, the temperature at the top of the tower is 60 ℃, and the temperature at the bottom of the tower is 150 ℃. The dehydrogenated stream and the heavies-removed stream are merged and then enter a light hydrocarbon aromatization reactor. The aromatization reaction temperature of the light hydrocarbon is 560 ℃, the reaction pressure is 0.25MPa, and the reaction mass space velocity is 1.6Hr-1. The reaction product is separated into a gas-phase product and a second aromatic hydrocarbon material flow in a gas-liquid separator after heat exchange and cooling. Wherein the pressure of the gas phase product is increased to 3.0MPa after three-stage compression, and the gas phase product is separated into ethane gas and a circulating material flow in a deethanizer. The operating pressure of the deethanizer is 2.9MPa, the temperature at the top of the tower is-41 ℃, and the temperature at the bottom of the tower is 80 ℃. The mass content of propane in the recycle stream was 92.4%. The energy consumption of this example was 335kg standard oil/ton aromatic hydrocarbon (energy consumption for separating methane-hydrogen mixture gas was not included, the same applies below).
[ example 2 ]
The same light hydrocarbon raw material, process flow and operating conditions as those of example 1 were adopted, and the temperature of the light hydrocarbon raw material heat exchanger of the cooling separation unit I was only changed to 5 ℃. The aromatic hydrocarbon content in the hydrogen-rich gas was 120PPM (volume content). The energy consumption of this example was 339kg standard oil/ton aromatics.
[ example 3 ]
The same light hydrocarbon raw material, process flow and operating conditions as those of example 1 were adopted, and the temperature of the light hydrocarbon raw material heat exchanger of the cooling separation unit I was changed to 15 ℃. The aromatic content of the hydrogen-rich gas was 260PPM (volume content). The energy consumption of this example was 332kg of standard oil per ton of aromatic hydrocarbon.
[ example 4 ]
The same light hydrocarbon raw material, process flow and operating conditions as those of example 1 were adopted, and only the temperature of the light hydrocarbon raw material heat exchanger of the cooling separation unit I was changed to 20 ℃. The aromatic content in the hydrogen-rich gas was 360PPM (volume content). The energy consumption of this example was 327kg standard oil/ton aromatics. However, the stable operation time of the PSA pressure swing adsorption separation unit was only 93% of that of example 1.
[ example 5 ]
The same light hydrocarbon raw material, process flow and operating conditions as those of the example 1 are adopted, only the light hydrocarbon aromatization reaction temperature is changed to 580 ℃, the reaction pressure is 0.2MPa, and the reaction mass space velocity is 1Hr-1. The energy consumption of this example was 350kg of standard oil per ton of aromatic hydrocarbon.
[ example 6 ]
The same light hydrocarbon raw material, process flow and operating conditions as those of example 1 are adopted, and only the light hydrocarbon aromatization reaction temperature is changed to 520The reaction pressure is 0.6MPa, and the reaction mass airspeed is 0.2Hr-1. The energy consumption of this example was 306kg of standard oil per ton of aromatic hydrocarbon.
[ example 7 ]
The same light hydrocarbon raw material, process flow and operating conditions as those of example 5 were adopted, only the operating pressure of the deethanizer was changed to 2.6MPa, the overhead temperature was-43.5 ℃ and the kettle temperature was 73.9 ℃. The energy consumption of this example was 309kg standard oil/ton aromatic hydrocarbon.
[ example 8 ]
The same light hydrocarbon raw material, process flow and operating conditions as those of example 5 were adopted, only the operating pressure of the deethanizer was changed to 3.5MPa, the temperature at the top of the tower was-39.3 ℃ and the temperature at the bottom of the tower was 87.4 ℃. The energy consumption of this example was 301kg of standard oil per ton of aromatic hydrocarbon.
[ example 9 ]
The same light hydrocarbon raw material, process flow and operating conditions as those of example 1 were adopted, only the propane content in the recycle stream was changed to 91.6%, at this time the propane recovery rate in the deethanizer was 80%, the overhead temperature was-17.2 ℃, and the column bottom temperature was 81.4 ℃. The energy consumption of this example was 343kg standard oil/ton aromatics. The reason for the increased unit consumption of aromatics products is the decreased yield of aromatics due to the decreased propane recovery.
[ COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 ]
The same light hydrocarbon feedstock as in example 1 was used. The light hydrocarbon raw material is cooled to 10 ℃ in a heat exchanger, and then is absorbed and separated into three or more carbon components in an absorption tower through aromatic hydrocarbon. And after hydrogen is removed from the absorbed tail gas through membrane separation, methane is separated in a demethanizer, and ethylene and ethane are separated in an ethylene rectifying tower, wherein the ethylene is removed with light hydrocarbon and is used as an aromatization reactor. The absorption liquid is separated into light hydrocarbon reaction feed in the depentanizer, the tower bottom liquid is used as absorbent to return to the absorption tower, and the rest is used as aromatic hydrocarbon product to be extracted. The aromatization reaction product is cooled and separated, then the liquid phase is taken as aromatic hydrocarbon product and extracted, and the gas phase is pressurized by a compressor and then returned to the front of the absorption tower. The energy consumption of this comparative example was 648kg of standard oil per ton of aromatic hydrocarbon.
[ COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2 ]
The same light hydrocarbon feedstock as in example 1 was used. The light hydrocarbon raw material is cooled to 10 ℃ in a heat exchanger, and then carbon and the above components are absorbed and separated by carbon III in an absorption tower. Absorbing tail gas to obtain hydrogen and methane through membrane separation, separating the absorbing liquid into three components of carbon and carbon in a deethanizer, separating ethylene and ethane from the carbon component in an ethylene rectifying tower, wherein the ethylene removes light hydrocarbon aromatization reactor. The residue in the deethanizing tower is used as absorbent and returned to the absorption tower, the rest is used in the depentanizing tower to separate out arene product, and the gas phase in the tower top is used as aromatizing material. The aromatization reaction product is cooled and separated, then the liquid phase is taken as aromatic hydrocarbon product and extracted, and the gas phase is pressurized by a compressor and then returned to the front of the absorption tower. The energy consumption of this comparative example was 541kg of standard oil per ton of aromatic hydrocarbon.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbon from mixed light hydrocarbon comprises the following steps: 1) cooling and separating the light hydrocarbon raw material into hydrogen-rich gas and hydrogen-poor liquid; 2) the hydrogen-rich gas is separated into methane-hydrogen mixed gas and demethanized material flow through a demethanization unit; 3) rectifying and separating the hydrogen-poor liquid into a heavy component removal material flow and a first aromatic hydrocarbon material flow; 4) the demethanized material flow and the demethanized material flow are merged and then sent into a light hydrocarbon aromatization reactor to be converted into aromatization products; 5) cooling and separating the aromatization product into a gas-phase product and a second aromatic hydrocarbon stream; 6) compressing the gas-phase product and then sending the gas-phase product into a deethanizer to obtain ethane gas and a recycle stream; 7) the recycle stream is returned to the light hydrocarbon aromatization reactor.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the light hydrocarbon feedstock comprises hydrogen, methane, ethylene, ethane, propylene, propane, C four, C five, benzene, toluene, xylene.
3. The method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbons from mixed light hydrocarbons according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen-rich gas comprises aromatic hydrocarbons with a volume content of less than 500 ppm.
4. The method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbons from mixed light hydrocarbons according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen-rich gas comprises aromatic hydrocarbons with a volume content of less than 200 ppm.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the light hydrocarbon feedstock is a light hydrocarbon reaction product of methanol to aromatics.
6. The method for producing aromatic hydrocarbons from light hydrocarbons according to claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of propane in the recycle stream is greater than 92%.
7. The method for producing aromatic hydrocarbons from light hydrocarbons according to claim 1, wherein the light hydrocarbon aromatization reaction conditions are as follows: the reaction temperature is 500-600 ℃, the reaction pressure is 0.2-0.6 MPA, and the reaction mass airspeed is 0.1-3 HR-1。
8. The method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbons from mixed light hydrocarbons according to claim 1, wherein the light hydrocarbon raw material is cooled to a temperature of not higher than 15 ℃ in the step 1).
9. The method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbons from mixed light hydrocarbons according to claim 1, wherein the light hydrocarbon feedstock is cooled to a temperature of not higher than 10 ℃ in the step 1).
10. The method for producing aromatic hydrocarbons from light hydrocarbons according to claim 1, wherein the demethanizing unit is a membrane separation unit, a pressure swing adsorption unit, or a cryogenic separation unit.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103313959A (en) * | 2010-12-06 | 2013-09-18 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Process for the conversion of mixed lower alkanes to armoatic hydrocarbons |
| CN104817421A (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2015-08-05 | 七台河宝泰隆煤化工股份有限公司 | Method for separating light hydrocarbon by using light hydrocarbon separation device |
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| CA2925049A1 (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2016-09-30 | Pioneer Energy | Natural gas decarbonization process for production of zero-emission benzene and hydrogen from natural gas |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103313959A (en) * | 2010-12-06 | 2013-09-18 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Process for the conversion of mixed lower alkanes to armoatic hydrocarbons |
| CN104817421A (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2015-08-05 | 七台河宝泰隆煤化工股份有限公司 | Method for separating light hydrocarbon by using light hydrocarbon separation device |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 轻烃芳构化工艺技术介绍及其应用规划;赵建国等;《乙烯工业》;20151231;第27卷(第2期);5-10 * |
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