CN108016600B - 用于飞行器的嵌板结构及其制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于飞行器的嵌板结构(1)及其制造方法。该嵌板结构包括至少一个复合层(3、4)和附接至所述至少一个复合层(3、4)的至少一个网状层(2),其中,网状层(2)包括适于提高嵌板结构(1)的抗冲击性的材料。网状层(2)可用于附接两个复合层(3、4)。替代性地,网状层(2)可以附接至一个复合层(3、4)的表面。在该后者的情况下,网状层(2)可以接合至层压片材料(5)并用泡沫材料(6)进行填充。本发明在基本上不改变制造过程的情况下提供了一种能够承受任何冲击——比如,叶片释放或鸟撞击——的冲击增强的嵌板结构(1)。
Description
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及用于制造飞行器、特别是飞行器的机身和尾翼部段的嵌板结构。
更具体地,本发明的目的是提供一种用于飞行器的加强嵌板结构,该加强嵌板结构能够以最小化的损伤承受高能量冲击,比如鸟撞击、叶片释放或发动机碎片冲击。
本发明还涉及制造这种嵌板结构的方法。
背景技术
在飞行器的结构部件——例如,机身蒙皮嵌板、抗扭箱体、桁条、翼肋、翼梁等——的制造中使用由有机基体和单向取向的纤维——比如,碳纤维增强塑料(CFRP)——形成的复合材料在航空业是众所周知的。
通常,蒙皮嵌板借助于纵向布置的若干个桁条来加强,以提供强度并保证蒙皮嵌板的适当屈曲行为。桁条通常共固化、共粘合、二次粘合或螺栓连接至蒙皮嵌板。
这些被加强的嵌板必须设计成满足空气动力学和结构要求,比如,鸟碰撞或叶片释放。
如所知的,在飞行、起飞和着陆期间的鸟与飞机的碰撞每天都在发生,从而危及人员和飞行器的完整性。
此外,在螺旋桨式飞行器中,叶片可能会部分或完全断裂,或整个从螺旋桨桨毂释放。通常,这些释放导致飞行器结构和/或其系统由于冲击而造成严重损坏,以及导致发动机由于断裂或释放的叶片而发生的不平衡状况。
为此,适航当局已要求飞行器制造商考虑由于鸟类或叶片碰撞而造成的冲击场景,以保证飞行器能够保持飞行远到足以达到着陆点。
目前的解决方案主要基于在由碎片轨迹研究指出的点处提供局部加强件。由于允许穿入结构,因此不考虑对飞行器结构进行显著改型。
然而,如果螺旋桨发动机安装成远离中央机身部段,如安装在机身的后部段中,则这种情况会发生变化,在机身的后部段处,蒙皮嵌板会更薄并且叶片冲击后的残余强度会受到影响。
因此,将期望提供符合适航要求、以确保已经受碰撞的飞行器安全地继续飞行并着陆的技术手段。
发明内容
本发明通过提供一种用于飞行器的使由冲击造成的损坏最小化的嵌板结构来克服上述缺点。
本发明的一个方面涉及一种用于飞行器的嵌板结构,该嵌板结构包括至少一个复合层和附接至所述至少一个复合层的至少一个网状层,其中,网状层包括适于提高嵌板结构的抗冲击性的材料。
因此,本发明提供了一种新设计的嵌板结构,其包括高强度内部网状物/骨架。因此,替代传统的整料嵌板(金属或复合材料),本发明提供了抗冲击性性能提高的嵌板。
通过此构型,嵌板设计成在接收到高能量冲击时将载荷分散到较大区域(网状层)。这样,本发明提供了一种冲击增强的嵌板。
本发明的另一方面涉及一种飞行器,其包括机身、尾翼、覆盖机身和尾翼的蒙皮以及如所述的嵌板结构,其中,机身蒙皮的至少一部分和/或尾翼蒙皮的至少一部分由嵌板结构形成。
最后,本发明的另一方面涉及一种制造用于飞行器的嵌板结构的方法,包括下述步骤:提供至少一个复合材料层;提供至少一个网状层,所述至少一个网状层包括适于提高所述至少一个复合层的抗冲击性的材料;以及将所述至少一个网状层附接至所述至少一个复合层以形成冲击增强的嵌板结构。
本发明的方法提供了用于将网状层附接至复合层的若干个替代方案。
本发明的方法提供了一种生产冲击增强的蒙皮嵌板的简单且经济有效的方法。
附图说明
为了更好地理解本发明,出于说明性和非限制性的目的提供以下附图,在附图中:
图1示出了根据本发明的第一实施方式的嵌板结构的示意性立体图。
图2a至图2c示出了网状层的不同构型。
图3示出了可以用来了解网状层的负载传递行为的图像。
图4示出了根据本发明的第二实施方式的嵌板结构的示意性立体图。
图5示出了根据本发明的第三实施方式的嵌板结构的示意性立体图。
图6示出了将网状层布置在两个复合层之间以形成图1的嵌板结构的示意性立体图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据优选实施方式的用于飞行器的嵌板结构1。根据本发明,嵌板结构1包括至少一个复合层3、4和附接至所述至少一个复合层3、4的至少一个网状层2,并且其中,网状层2包括适于提高嵌板结构1的抗冲击性的材料。
图1的嵌板结构1包括外复合层3、内复合层4以及布置在外层3与内层4之间的网状层2。
图1的网状层2附接至两个复合材料层3、4,因此网状层被整合在嵌板1中。在具有层压蒙皮嵌板(即,CFRP层压板)的情况下此整合可以通过ATP(自动纤维/丝束放置)来完成。
通过这些材料,网状层2提供了冲击保护加强件,该冲击保护加强件提高了飞行器的常规嵌板蒙皮的损伤容限能力。因此,本发明的嵌板提高了冲击保护性能并且使由于冲击造成的损伤面积最小化。
网状层2可以具有不同的构型。优选地,网状层2具有多边形构型,比如,如图2a中示处的菱形结构,或如图2b中示出的方形构型。
在优选实施方式中,网状层2设置成包括由拐角结8限定的多个网格7的打结形式,其中,拐角结8由至少两根线材9形成。
另外,如图2c中所示,网状层2可以具有双链节构型。此实施方式提供嵌板结构1更高的抗冲击性。
图3示出了5米宽且2.5米高的网状层2在高能量冲击后的应力水平。如所示的,负载沿着网状层2传递,从而产生从高应力水平区域A起的中等应力水平区域B和低应力水平区域C。这样,网状层2提供了在传递由高能量冲击引起的载荷方面被优化的嵌板结构1。
因此,网状层2在高能量冲击的情况下用作屏障,从而将冲击载荷分散到整个层上并且使损伤争用(damage contention)最小化。
如图4和图5中所示,并且根据另一优选实施方式,嵌板结构1包括复合层3、4和附接至复合层3、4的网状层2。
在图4的实施方式中,网状层2附接至外复合层3的内表面。因此,网状层2添加在内部,例如,网状层2被附接至飞行器的框架。网状层2可以借助于铆钉或螺栓添加至飞行器基线结构。
在图5的实施方式中,网状层2附接至内复合层4的外表面。因此,网状层2也借助于铆钉或螺栓添加在外部。
如图5中所示,嵌板结构1还包括接合至网状层2的层压片材料5。另外,根据优选实施方式,嵌板结构1还包括用以填充在网状层2中的泡沫材料6。
层压片材料5提供光滑表面,以符合嵌板结构1的空气动力学要求。另外,网状层2可以用泡沫6或其他轻质材料来填充,以实现外部光滑表面。
最后,图6示出了用于本发明的制造方法的优选实施方式。
根据本发明,制造用于飞行器的嵌板结构1的方法包括下述步骤:提供至少一个复合材料层3、4;提供至少一个网状层2,网状层2包括适合于提高所述至少一个复合层3、4的抗冲击性的材料;以及将网状层2附接至所述至少一个复合层3、4以形成冲击增强的嵌板结构1。
优选地,并且如图6中所示,网状层2附接至两个复合材料层3、4。因此,该方法包括:提供内复合材料层4和外复合材料层3;提供网状层2,网状层2包括适于提高复合层3、4的抗冲击性的材料;以及将网状层2附接至所述两个复合层3、4以形成冲击增强的嵌板结构1。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于飞行器的嵌板结构(1),所述嵌板结构(1)构造成承受高能量冲击,所述嵌板结构(1)包括至少一个复合材料层和附接至所述至少一个复合材料层的至少一个网状层(2),其中,所述网状层(2)包括适于提高所述嵌板结构(1)的抗冲击性的材料,
其中,所述嵌板结构(1)还包括接合至所述网状层(2)的层压片材料(5),
其中,所述至少一个复合材料层包括内复合材料层(4),所述网状层(2)附接至所述内复合材料层(4)的外表面,使得所述网状层(2)位于所述内复合材料层(4)与所述层压片材料(5)之间,
其中,所述网状层(2)填充有泡沫材料(6),并且,
其特征在于,所述网状层(2)具有双链节构型。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于飞行器的嵌板结构(1),其中,所述高能量冲击包括鸟撞击、叶片释放或发动机碎片冲击。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于飞行器的嵌板结构(1),其中,所述网状层(2)包括下述材料中的至少一者:钢、钛、铝、碳纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯、PBO。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于飞行器的嵌板结构(1),其中,所述网状层(2)具有多边形构型。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用于飞行器的嵌板结构(1),其中,所述网状层(2)具有菱形或方形构型。
6.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的用于飞行器的嵌板结构(1),其中,所述网状层(2)设置成包括由拐角结(8)限定的多个网格(7)的打结形式,其中,所述拐角结(8)由至少两根线材(9)形成。
7.根据权利要求1-5中的任一项所述的用于飞行器的嵌板结构(1),其中,所述至少一个复合材料层还包括外复合材料层(3),所述网状层(2)附接至所述外复合材料层(3)和所述内复合材料层(4)。
8.一种飞行器,包括机身、尾翼、覆盖所述机身和所述尾翼的蒙皮和根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的嵌板结构(1),其中,所述机身的蒙皮的至少一部分和/或所述尾翼的蒙皮的至少一部分由所述嵌板结构(1)形成。
9.一种制造用于飞行器的嵌板结构(1)的方法,包括下述步骤:
提供至少一个复合材料层,
提供至少一个网状层(2),所述网状层(2)包括适于提高所述至少一个复合材料层的抗冲击性的材料,
将所述网状层(2)附接至所述至少一个复合材料层以形成冲击加强的嵌板结构(1),
其中,所述嵌板结构(1)还包括接合至所述网状层(2)的层压片材料(5),
其中,所述至少一个复合材料层包括内复合材料层(4),所述网状层(2)附接至所述内复合材料层(4)的外表面,使得所述网状层(2)位于所述内复合材料层(4)与所述层压片材料(5)之间,
其中,所述网状层(2)填充有泡沫材料(6),并且,
其中,所述网状层(2)具有双链节构型。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中,所述至少一个复合材料层还包括外复合材料层(3),所述网状层(2)附接至所述外复合材料层(3)和所述内复合材料层(4)。
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