CN108011660A - A kind of real-time Internet of Things constellation systems in the whole world - Google Patents
A kind of real-time Internet of Things constellation systems in the whole world Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108011660A CN108011660A CN201711164281.4A CN201711164281A CN108011660A CN 108011660 A CN108011660 A CN 108011660A CN 201711164281 A CN201711164281 A CN 201711164281A CN 108011660 A CN108011660 A CN 108011660A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- satellite
- things
- internet
- whole world
- real
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18517—Transmission equipment in earth stations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18519—Operations control, administration or maintenance
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/18521—Systems of inter linked satellites, i.e. inter satellite service
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Computing Systems (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of real-time Internet of Things constellation systems in whole world.Internet of Things constellation systems include in real time in the whole world：Space segment, it includes the more low orbit satellites by inter-satellite link interconnection；Ground segment, it is used to complete operation control function and data distribution and recycling function, and the ground segment includes multiple constellation juncture stations；And user segment, it is used to collect sensing data, and the user segment includes multiple user terminals；Wherein, the user terminal of the constellation juncture station of the ground segment and the user segment is respectively connected by respective link with the multimedia LEO satellite communications of the space segment.Beneficial effects of the present invention：The whole world cloud that Internet of Things constellation systems are applied towards global wide area space-based Internet of Things in real time, net, the design of end system level, realize the brand-new connection of Internet of Things and the managerial ability of the popular magnanimity application of conglomerate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to internet of things field, more particularly to a kind of real-time Internet of Things constellation systems in whole world.
Background technology
Internet of Things (Internet of things, IoT) refers to by various information sensing devices (such as radio frequency identification, red
Outer inductor, global positioning system, laser scanner etc.), by the agreement of agreement, any article is connected by Internet of Things domain name
Connect, information exchange and communication are carried out, to realize a kind of network concept of Weigh sensor, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management.Thing
Networking is the important component of generation information technology, and the important development stage in " informationization " epoch.Internet of Things passes through
The cognition technology that communicates such as Intellisense, identification technology and general fit calculation, is widely used in the fusion of network, is also therefore referred to as
The third wave that world information industry develops after computer, internet.Can be by thing according to data flow and processing mode
Networking is divided into three sensing layer, network layer and application layer levels：
Sensing layer：The function of sensing layer be perception, identification object or ambient condition and in real time collection, capturing information, it
By including the devices such as two-dimension code label, recognizer, RFID tag, reader, camera, GPS, sensor, meter and M2M
Terminal, sensor network and sensing gateway etc. are formed, and obtain information by sensor, and obtain control life by receiving gateway
Order.Internet of Things is faced with the challenge of how to make that sensor is more sensitive, possesses more fully perception and has in sensing layer
Standby low-power consumption, small and inexpensive attribute；
Network layer：Network is accessed by communication mode wirelessly or non-wirelessly, such as internet, telecommunications network communication network are real
Existing transmission of the information between sensing layer and application layer.Network layer will possess the ability of network operation and information operation, network layer
In also include to magnanimity information carry out Intelligent treatment part, such as cloud computing platform, Internet of Things administrative center.Network layer institute face
The challenge faced is the special requirement that extensive M2M connections bring power system capacity and Qos；
Application layer：The function of application layer is to realize the deep contact of Internet of Things information technology and terminal industry professional technique,
The functions such as the cooperateing with, share, analyzing of object information, decision-making are completed, so that the solution of intelligent Application is formed,.It is by wrapping
Include the input and output control terminal composition of the terminals such as computer, mobile phone composition.Application layer institute facing challenges are information sharing and letter
Cease safety problem.
But traditional access means, the transmission range of such as Wi-Fi, ZigBee, bluetooth are too short, to pass through user's hand
Machine, Tandem Gateway or AP points send data to base station, can cause the problem of data accuracy is low, power consumption is higher.And 2G/3G/4G
Although transmission of the network available for the sensing data of low data bulk, cost and power consumption are all higher.
In order to promote Internet of Things to develop to low cost low-power consumption field, the research and development of new arrowband technology of Internet of things were in recent years
Gradually brought into schedule.Different from the demand of conventional cellular communication, account for Internet of Things market more than 60% at present is that bandwidth is less than
Low rate, low-power consumption, the wide-area applications of 100kb/s, i.e. LPWAN low-power consumption wan technology.This kind of application needs Internet of Things netting gear
Have and support the abilities such as magnanimity connection number, low terminal cost, low power consumption of terminal and superpower covering power.
The content of the invention
The defects of it is an object of the invention to for the prior art, there is provided a kind of real-time Internet of Things constellation systems in the whole world, tool
Have can compatible ground low-power Internet of things system, can realize the real-time arrowband satellite Internet of Things telecommunication satellite system of Global coverage
The advantages of uniting, and allowing to be directly connected to millions of internet of things equipment.
Technical scheme is as follows：Internet of Things constellation systems include in real time in a kind of whole world：Space segment, it includes passing through
More low orbit satellites of inter-satellite link interconnection；Ground segment, it is used to complete operation control function and data distribution and recycling
Processing function, the ground segment include multiple constellation juncture stations；And user segment, it is used to collect sensing data, the user segment
Including multiple user terminals；Wherein, the constellation juncture station of the ground segment and the user terminal of the user segment respectively pass through
Respective communication link is connected with the multimedia LEO satellite communications of the space segment.
Preferably, the satellite of the space segment is low rail circle sun synchronous satellite, and for the use in any operative place
Family terminal, there is provided complete effectively covering in real time when the whole world 24 is small.
Preferably, the inter-satellite link realizes that the information between satellite is transmitted and exchanged using Ka frequency ranges, chain between the star
The access module on road for it is in-orbit it is interior establish ring-type inter-satellite link, semicircle equity ring-type TDD transmission in orbital plane, different orbital planes
Satellite is distinguished using different frequency FDD, and time synchronization is determined by GPS.
Preferably, the inter-satellite link staggeredly carries out forming bicyclic communication network using both ends transmitting-receiving.
Preferably, the data routing policy of the inter-satellite link is used selects landing road recently according to OLSR routing algorithms
Line, and the OLSR agreements of the inter-satellite link reduce signalling data volume, satellite node by reducing the size of control packet
Issue its link information between relay selection node.
Preferably, the ground segment further includes the webserver and client server, and the webserver is used to carry
Institute's network control in need and management function, and data distribution to the client server, the client server are used for
The application service of isomery is provided for different application vendors；Moreover, respectively positioned at multiple constellation critical points of the multiple positions in the whole world
Stand and low orbit satellite with the establishing star feeding link in overlay area, be used for realization the real-time convergence of constellation whole world Internet of Things data,
It is responsible for giving user data transmission to the webserver.
Preferably, the constellation feeding link as the information transmission between realizing star ground and is exchanged using Ka number posting lotuses
Equipment.
Preferably, the constellation feeding link load uses CCSDS standards, introduces pseudo channel VC, suggests carrying using AOS
Complicated information source data on the multiple business processing satellite of confession；Moreover, data are handled using the AOS bit stream services for suggesting providing
Stream, is packaged into bit stream protocol data section, and inserts VCDU data fields, forms AOS transmission frames.
Preferably, user terminal switches from context during different insertings of satellite carries out pipe by the webserver of ground segment
Reason and maintenance.
Preferably, the transmission data of each user terminal can be received by the low orbit satellite in multiple areas of coverage, often
Low orbit satellite gateway load can receive data packet from user terminal node, and be forwarded to institute by the inter-satellite link
State ground segment.
Preferably, user's satellite-ground link between the space segment and the user segment is exempted from using the ISM of 400MHz-1GHz
Take frequency range, when low orbit satellite is used for global different zones Internet of Things connection, multiband is realized by adjusting transceiver frequency on star
Combined covering.
Preferably, in every satellite, footprint of a beam, the user terminal in Same Latitude difference longitude area lead to over the ground
UTC time, ephemeris and self-position are crossed to be randomized the dynamically distributes that the frequency point of launched signal realizes FDMA frequency points；In same
The user terminal in one longitude different latitude area on the basis of FDMA frequency point allocations according to UTC time, ephemeris and self-position come
The time slot that signal is launched in randomization realizes the dynamically distributes of TDMA slot.
Preferably, low rail is solved using the asynchronous ALOHA access protocols of modified of the TDMA/FDMA based on Doppler effect
The Doppler effect that Internet of Things constellation can be produced due to relative motion, moreover, the asynchronous ALOHA of modified based on Doppler effect
The step of accessing the configuration of TDMA/FDMA multiple access is as follows：Each user terminal of low rail Internet of Things constellation be respectively provided with DevAddr and
NwkSKey parameters, the information completely code in the communication frame of terminal carry out 128ASE encryptions and decryption, and TDMA/ by NwkSKey
The key that the randomization of FDMA multiple access calculates uses NwkSKey；TDMA/FDMA multiple access randomization calculate using Advanced Encryption Standard into
OK, the block length of AES is fixed as 128 bits, and key length is 128 bits；Distinguished based on DevAddr and NwkSKey parameters
Dynamically distributes are carried out to FDMA frequency points and TDMA slot.
Technical solution provided by the invention has the advantages that：
Global Internet of Things constellation systems in real time are that the cloud, net, end system level applied towards global wide area space-based Internet of Things are set
Meter, realizes the brand-new connection of Internet of Things and the managerial ability of the popular magnanimity application of conglomerate；Using based on broadband software radio
Technology and novel C CS spread spectrum Anti-Jamming Techniques, foundation meets between the star of ITU whole world ISM multifrequency standards/star/feed/observing and controlling is complete
Chain-circuit system, realizes the tuneable Global coverage M2M/IoT dedicated networks of frequency；Compatible mainstream standard M2M/IoT systems, are realized
The low-power consumption of Incorporateization application, inexpensive space-based Internet of things system；Based on things-internet gateway on software definition load and star,
Realize vast capacity space-based Internet of things system；Using Networking protocol between advanced millimeter wave phased-array technique and star, realize that the whole world is real
Shi Tianji Internet of Things constellations.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the real-time Internet of Things constellation systems in the whole world provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is single star coverage condition schematic diagram in the real-time Internet of Things constellation systems in the whole world shown in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the real-time Internet of Things constellation systems Intersatellite Link access module in the whole world shown in Fig. 1；
Fig. 4 is that positive timeslice inter-satellite link connection topological relation shows in the real-time Internet of Things constellation systems in the whole world shown in Fig. 1
It is intended to；
Fig. 5 is that reversed time piece inter-satellite link connection topological relation shows in the real-time Internet of Things constellation systems in the whole world shown in Fig. 1
It is intended to；
Fig. 6 is the overall structure of the route OLSR agreements of the real-time Internet of Things constellation systems Intersatellite Link in the whole world shown in Fig. 1
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is that Ka numbers pass loaded antennas direction work flow diagram in the real-time Internet of Things constellation systems in the whole world shown in Fig. 1；
Fig. 8 is downlink data transmission schematic diagram in the real-time Internet of Things constellation systems in the whole world shown in Fig. 1；
Fig. 9 is the AOS transmission frame lattice that bit stream service data cell is transmitted in the real-time Internet of Things constellation systems in the whole world shown in Fig. 1
Formula schematic diagram；
Figure 10 is AOS bit stream services processing schematic diagram in the real-time Internet of Things constellation systems in the whole world shown in Fig. 1；
Figure 11 is the parallel access mechanism signal of Internet of Things constellation multiple gateway in the real-time Internet of Things constellation systems in the whole world shown in Fig. 1
Figure；
Figure 12 is the Doppler frequency distribution schematic diagram of different longitude and latitude position terminal in footprint of a beam.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, it is right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
The description of specific distinct unless the context otherwise, the present invention in element and component, the shape that quantity both can be single
Formula exists, and form that can also be multiple exists, and the present invention is defined not to this.Although step in the present invention with label into
Arrangement is gone, but is not used to limit the precedence of step, unless expressly stated the order of step or holding for certain step
Based on row needs other steps, otherwise the relative rank of step is adjustable.It is it is appreciated that used herein
Term "and/or" is related to and covers one of associated Listed Items or one or more of any and all possible group
Close.
Referring to Fig. 1, Internet of Things constellation systems include space segment and lead to respectively in real time in the whole world provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Respective link is crossed to communicate with the space segment ground segment and user segment of unicom.
The space segment includes the more low orbit satellites by inter-satellite link interconnection, and the ground segment includes position respectively
Multiple constellation juncture stations, the user segment in the multiple positions in the whole world include the multiple user terminals being connected with sensor；
When satellite passes through user terminal or constellation juncture station overhead, user terminal, constellation juncture station are respectively by respective
Link communicate with satellite, obtain corresponding internet of things service data.Satellite is according to internet of things service number on certain star
According to QoS management and routing policy, internet of things service data are passed into purpose satellite by inter-satellite link so that this Internet of Things netting index
According to ground can be passed back with highest timeliness.
Wherein, the satellite of the space segment is low rail circle sun synchronous satellite, and for the user in any operative place
Terminal, there is provided complete effectively covering in real time when the whole world 24 is small.That is, described space segment can make full use of the constellation whole world of low orbit satellite
The advantages that covering, low time delay, low link load.
Specifically, the coverage condition on ground is analyzed from single satellite, due to the in-orbit movement of satellite, the covering of satellite
Area also in ground moving, can produce covering time slot and coverage gap to ground service area.To improve the coverage rate to certain region, need
Want multi-satellite to form constellation, cover mutually continuing to complete for time slot to target area by each satellite.According to different more
Star/mono- star covering requires, and the track configurations scheme of design is also different.For general communication, covered using single star with regard to energy
Reach performance requirement；For highly reliable communication, requirement is generally required there are more than two stars and (contain two stars) much star coverings.SSO (Sun Synchronous Orbit)
Satellite constellation conceptual design includes Track desigh and the aspect of Constellation Design two, and Orbit Design includes satellite orbital altitude, partially
Heart rate and the selection at inclination angle, and Constellation Design is including between liter focus between the population of satellite in system, orbital plane number, each orbital plane
Phase intervals between the number of satellites in, each orbital plane and interval and adjacent orbit face between them.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the design content of low rail circle sun synchronization SSO (Sun Synchronous Orbit) Internet of Things constellation is as follows：
1st, satellite orbital altitude selects：Avoid two model Allan radiation zones respectively centered on 3700km and 18500km
Radiation zone.Atmospheric drag declines and increases with the height of satellite, and when orbit altitude is less than 700km, atmospheric drag seriously affects
Orbit parameter, the lifetime of satellite shorten.Such as when orbit altitude is 400km, the service life of satellite is about at 160 days or so.In addition, track
When highly relatively low, satellite also suffers from the corrosion of oxonium ion, and solar cell also wants radiation protection.Therefore orbit altitude is generally big
In 700km.In addition, for the ease of network operation and orbits controlling, orbital period and a sidereal day are preferably selected
(23h56min4.09s, i.e. 86164s) is into integral multiple relation.
2nd, orbital eccentricity designs：As an important parameter in Track desigh, orbital eccentricity can influence satellite pair
The coverage condition in some areas and the length of transit time.In order to the global low rail of uniform fold southern hemisphere and northern hemisphere, at present foreign countries
Communication satellite constellation system such as Iridium systems and Globalstar systems etc. are all using circular orbit.And for regional satellite
System is then not necessarily in this way, as used inclination angle to be kept for the oval Frozen Orbit of 63.4 ° (or 116.2 °) to some high latitude
Region can have the longer visual time, so as to expand corresponding overlay area, extend the cover time.But for other oval rails
Road, due to Perturbation Effect, precession can occur for perigee of orbit, so as to influence the satellite covering to respective service area.
3rd, orbit inclination angle designs：Can be by adjusting orbit inclination angle from 0 ° to 180 ° (equator) come to specifying region to carry out most
Good covering.As long as having enough satellites and appropriate phase relation, only just the continuous whole world can be obtained with polar orbit satellite and covered
Lid (such as " Iridium ")；It only can also reach continuous Global coverage with inclined plane (such as " Globalstar ")；Pole, equator and
The combination of inclined plane can also reach continuous Global coverage.For regional satellite communication system, if can in region of the equator
With with equatorial orbit, mid latitudes inclined plane, and arctic regions pole orbit or high inclination-angle (>70 °) track.Track inclines
The definite latitude for depending on required overlay area at angle.For circular orbit, the continuous covering to certain region is actually
Exactly latitude zone where the region is continuously covered, it is little with longitude relation.
4th, single star overlay area design：Covering of single star to ground depends primarily upon satellite altitude, satellite antenna wave beam half
The minimum elevations that power angle and constellation juncture station require for progress reliable communication.Fig. 2 is single star coverage condition schematic diagram.
Wherein ReIt is that h is satellite altitude, γ is the minimum observation elevation angle, and φ is satellite antenna wave beam half-power angle for earth radius.Only
When satellite is higher than γ to the elevation angle of user, satellite can be to realizing observation to user or communicating.Star downwards angle of visibility φ,
The calculation formula of the face area of coverage corresponding geocentric angle θ and area of coverage radius r is：
5th, covering band combination Constellation Design：Polar orbit constellation inclination of satellite orbit utilizes covering band combination close to 90 degree
Method composition constellation satellite orbital altitude it is consistent, orbit inclination angle is identical, and the satellite in same track is spacedly distributed so that
Uniform covering tape channel is formed, global or latitude zone cover is realized using the combination of the covering passage of different orbit planes
Lid.Band graph of a relation is covered according to same rail satellite, can calculate covering band half width ψ is：
Wherein n is with satellite number in rail level.It is in latitudeEquatorial circumference on, cover with corresponding latitudinal plane center
AngleEnsure that the angle of adjacent orbit plane is not more than δ, it is possible to realize latitudeEquator more than
The uninterrupted covering in region.
Moreover, in the space segment, inter-satellite link is established so that any satellite of global any instant between satellite
It can be landed by data transfer between the inter-satellite link of orbital plane.The introducing of the inter-satellite link causes low orbit satellite mobile communication system
System can be less dependent on ground network, so that LEO mobile satellite communication system more can be carried out flexibly and easily
Route Selection and network management；Decrease the number of ground gateway at the same time, so as to substantially reduce the complexity of ground segment and
Investment.
In the present embodiment, the inter-satellite link as the information transmission between realizing satellite and is exchanged using Ka frequency ranges,
Due to the mobility of low orbit satellite and the narrow beam characteristic of Ka band antennas, the low-power consumption whole world is in real time between Internet of Things constellation Satellite
Link load realizes that dynamic beam scans using Ka frequency range phased array antenna, and it is big, fast to overcome mechanical means rotable antenna inertia
Slow shortcoming and the low weakness of omnidirectional antenna gain are spent, volume weight is small, and power combining efficiency is high, is very beneficial in micro-nano satellite
Upper application.
As shown in figure 3, the access module of the inter-satellite link is to establish ring-type inter-satellite link in orbit.It is specifically, every
A orbital plane at least satellite can cover constellation juncture station, then transmitted in rail between planet.Moreover, in orbital plane
Semicircle equity ring-type TDD is transmitted；Different orbital planes are distinguished using different frequency FDD, and time synchronization is determined by GPS.
In order to equalize landing time delay, staggeredly carry out forming bicyclic communication network using both ends transmitting-receiving, each time slot 2T seconds, wrap
The T seconds positive timeslice included and the reversed time piece of T seconds.Forward and reverse timeslice inter-satellite link connection topological relation such as Fig. 4 and figure
Shown in 5, if one orbital plane of constellation has N satellite, arbitrary data can be at most relayed to up to landing satellite by NT seconds.
For example, in order to equalize landing time delay, staggeredly carry out forming bicyclic communication network, each time slot using both ends transmitting-receiving
200ms, including the reversed time piece of the positive timeslice of 100ms and 100ms.One orbital plane of constellation has 20 satellites, then appoints
Meaning data can be at most relayed to up to landing satellite by 1 second.
Fall recently according to the selection of OLSR routing algorithms it should be noted that the data routing policy of the inter-satellite link is used
Ground route, OLSR agreements are a kind of table- driven formula Routing Protocols of standardization, and the key concept that agreement is used is multiple spot repeater
System, by this mechanism, agreement significantly reduces the spending of blocking message.
Specifically, the optimization that agreement does conventional link state algorithm mainly has：By using multiple spot trunking mechanism, have
Effect reduces the flooding scope of control packet：Node is in its all adjacent node, and selected section node is as in its multiple spot
After node (Multipoint Relays, MPR).Contrast in classical flooding mechanism, each node ought receive a control for the first time
Each message is forwarded during message processed, the MPR nodes for there was only node in OLSR agreements just forward the control transmitted by the node to divide
Group, and other non-MPR nodes are only handled without forwarding.Thus significantly reduce the control packet broadcasted in network
Quantity, avoid broadcast storm.
In addition, the OLSR agreements of the inter-satellite link reduce signalling data volume by reducing the size of control packet,
Satellite node does not issue the link information being connected with all adjacent nodes, and only issues itself and multiple spot relay selection node (MPR
Selector the link between).In inter-satellite link OLSR agreements, each control packet carries sequence number, can be used for
New old information is distinguished, so agreement does not require sequentially to transmit control packet.
In the present embodiment, the route bag of the OLSR agreements of the inter-satellite link includes hello bags and tc bags and node letter
Breath and two hop neighbor nodal informations.Tc bags are used to safeguard hello bags, and jump above nodal information for maintenance of neighbor two.
Hello bags and tc bags are broadcasted according to pre-set transmission interval.Agreement periodically sends TC by node
(Topology Control) is grouped to issue MPR Selector information, its route is arrived to help other nodes to establish, and
Network topology is safeguarded by periodically exchanging information.Each node in network preserves all reachable mesh in network
Node route.
Moreover, the inter-satellite link OLSR agreements access MAC features between being directed to star, to OLSR consensus standard message grouping lattices
Formula is improved, and carries out bit compression and mapping is changed, reduce its expense, suitable for resource-constrained wireless ad hoc network.
For network capacity and maximum traffic hop count demand, message validity is improved, emulation draws optimal message valid time.In group
The net stage adds quick routing mechanism, and whole time slots of node are used for transmitting route messages bag, complete quick Route establishment, realize
Quickly networking.The overall structure that Routing Protocol is realized is as shown in Figure 6.
For example, the inter-satellite link uses 22.5GHz frequency ranges, antenna uses 64 passage Ka array tile type phased array antenna
Form.Ka frequency ranges phased array antenna, will be multiple logical by hierarchy using high efficiency, the tile type integration mode of low section
The chip or circuit of road identical function are integrated on the tile being placed in parallel, then vertical interconnection, therefore its emitting module is two
Dimensional plane battle array structure, is structured the formation mode using rectangle or triangle.Phased array antenna is by transmitting antenna submatrix, reception antenna submatrix, T moulds
Block, R module, coldplate, feed network for waveguide, ripple control extension set, power supply extension set and structural member composition.
It should be noted that the inter-satellite link OLSR routing algorithms protocol packet basic format is：
Wherein, when a new OLSR is grouped transmission, the packet sequence number (PSN) must increase by one；
In type of message, this domain is indicated will be found which type of message in " MESSAGE " domain, disappear
Type Range is ceased between 0-127；
For the length of message, from the beginning of type of message calculate until next type of message beginning (if
Nothing, then terminate to message packet)；
For source address, this domain include produce the message node main address, should avoid here with IP headers
Source address is obscured, and the latter will be changed to the middle interface IP address for retransmitting information node every time.The former never changes in re-transmission
Change；
For life span (TTL), before message is retransmitted, TTL subtracts one, when a node receives a message,
When its TTL is 0 or 1, this message should be retransmitted in no instance.By setting this domain, the source address of a message
The flooding scope of message can be limited；
For hop count, this domain includes the hop count that a message obtains, and before a retransmitting message, hop count adds one.Initially,
This domain is set to 0 by message source；
For message SN, when producing a message, source node can distribute a unique identification number to this message
This domain is placed on, often produces a message, this identification number adds one.Message SN is used for ensureing that a message will not be by any node
Retransmit twice.
The inter-satellite link OLSR routing algorithms HELLO message format definitions are as follows：
It is as follows to correspond to implication for noun in HELLO message formats：
Reserved：Reserved domain is necessarily arranged to full 0；
Htime：Represent that the node sends the cycle of HELLO message；
Willingness：Represent that the wish that the node is other node converting flows is strong and weak, if the degree of being ready of a node
It is WILL_NEVER, then it will not be any node converting flow, if the wish degree WILL_ALWAYS of a node, then
It is bound to elect MPR nodes as by other nodes.Under default situations, wish degree should be arranged to WILL_DEFAULT by node.
Wish degree is 0 to 7 integer, WILL_NEVER=0, WILL_ALWAYS=7, WILL_DEFAULT=3, bigger numerical value generation
The higher wish degree of table；
Link Code：Illustrate the link-state information between node and its neighbor node；
Link Type：Point out the type of link, a total of 4 type in the domain：1)UNSPEC_LINK：Represent without specified
The information of link；2)ASYM_LINK：Represent that link is asymmetrical (i.e. unidirectional)；3)SYM_LINK：It is pair to represent the link
(i.e. two-way) claimed；4)LOST_LINK：Represent that link disconnects；
Neighbor Type:Point out the type of neighbours, a total of 3 type in the domain：1)SYM_NEIGH：Represent the node
At least one symmetrical (i.e. two-way) link 2 between neighbor node) MPR_NEIGH：Represent the node and neighbor node at least
There is symmetrical (i.e. two-way) link and the neighbor node is clicked by this section and is selected as MPR；3)NOT_NEIGH：Represent the neighbours
It is not symmetrical neighbours；
Link Message Size：The size of chain circuit message, in units of byte, since Link Code domains calculate to
Before next Link Code domains.If without next Link Code domains, to the ending of HELLO message；
Neighbor Interface Address：For representing the node of the transmission HELLO message, the current chain possessed
The interface IP address of all hop neighbors of road code.
The inter-satellite link OLSR routing algorithms TC message formats are：
It is as follows to correspond to implication for noun in TC message formats：
ANSN(Advertised Neighbor Sequence Number)：When node finds that its neighbor node collection occurs
During change, the ANSN in TC message is added 1, can be by the comparison to ANSN come really when other nodes receive a TC message
Whether the fixed message is newer message；
Reserved：This domain does not use temporarily, full packing 0 as reserved field；
Advertised Neighbor Main Address：The main address of MPR selector nodes, sends TC message
Node at least all main addresses of MPR selector are encapsulated in TC message.If necessary to provide certain redundancy
(improve robustness), can include the main address of other non-MPR Selector neighbours.
For the ground segment, the ground segment completes system operation control and data distribution and recycling, including
Multiple constellation juncture station, the webserver and the client servers.Respectively positioned at multiple constellations of the multiple positions in the whole world
Low orbit satellite in juncture station and overlay area with establishing star feeding link, is used for realization the real-time remittance of constellation whole world Internet of Things data
It is poly-, it is responsible for giving user data transmission to the webserver；The webserver is used to carry institute's network control in need
System and management function, and by data distribution to the client server, the client server is used for for different application supplies
Business provides the application service of isomery.It should be appreciated that the constellation juncture station can be used to establish communication connection between satellite
Satellite reception base station.
In the present embodiment, for completing the star of tens thousand of user terminal data accesses data back, and in order to reduce star
Upper load difficulty, improves transmission rate, the constellation feeding link is using Ka number posting lotuses as the information between realizing star ground
Transmission and switching equipment.
Due to the mobility of low orbit satellite and the narrow beam characteristic of Ka band antennas, the constellation feeding link load uses
Ka frequency range phased array antenna realizes that dynamic beam scans, and overcomes big mechanical means rotable antenna inertia, the slow shortcoming of speed and complete
The weakness low to antenna gain, volume weight is small, and power combining efficiency is high, is very beneficial for applying on micro-nano satellite.Such as Fig. 7
Shown, Ka number posting lotuses are started shooting work according to saddlebag content in given time, can be injected according to ground and are directed toward data program-controlled days
Line is directed toward satellite, or track injected according to GNSS data (Position, Velocity and Time), ephemeris and attitude data, ground etc.
Data calculate that antenna is directed toward data, the function being directed toward according to the program-controlled antenna of the direction data.
In addition, the antenna directing mode of the Ka numbers posting lotus, which has, is directly injected into two kinds of mode and autonomous reckoning mode.
The mode that is directly injected into is by noting orientation angle data packet (orientation angle of Antenna Operation), Complex interface and controller on ground
Antenna is driven to be directed toward；The autonomous reckoning mode divides with reference to satellite integrated electronics and is according to the satellite instantaneous orbit parameter specified
The information such as GNSS data, ephemeris and the attitude data of system output, Ka numbers pass LOAD FOR antenna pointing angle.
Moreover, the Ka numbers posting lotus uses CCSDS standards, the general of pseudo channel VC (Virtual Channel) is introduced
Read.Physical channel is divided into multiple logical data channels on the basis of time-devision system, is used for different application processes.Such as figure
Application of the pseudo channel on star is directed to shown in 8, information source number complicated on star is handled using the AOS multiple business for suggesting providing
According to, it is possible to achieve the synthesis of business on star.
Data flow is handled using the AOS bit stream services for suggesting providing, is packaged into bit stream protocol data section, and insert
VCDU data fields, form AOS transmission frames, and transmission frame format is as shown in Figure 9.
After information merges into unified data flow with number communication breath, handled using bit stream service as shown in Figure 10, packaging
Into bit stream protocol data section B_PDU, and insert in the data field of virtual channel data section VCDU.After the completion of framing, AOS transmission frames
Buffer area into each pseudo channel etc. is to be transmitted.Metrical information is packaged into bit stream protocol data section B_PDU by bit stream service,
And insert in the data field of VCDU, take a pseudo channel for being exclusively used in transmission measurement information.Because metrical information transmission has
Higher requirement of real-time, to ensure the reliability of metrical information transmission, it is necessary to choose suitable virtual channel schedule strategy tune
Spend the dedicated virtual channel transmission measurement information.Will according to data frame buffer memory amount, frame delay and the real-time in pseudo channel
Ask and formulate suitable virtual channel schedule strategy, so as to fulfill the reasonable distribution of physical channel transmission time slot.
It should be noted that in the present embodiment, the Ka numbers posting pocket includes number and passes phased array antenna sum number biography synthesis
Controller.Wherein, the number passes posture, track, time and satellite that integrated controller real-time reception integrated electronics are sent
Relevant information, calculates the orientation angle of antenna beam in real time, is sent to the number and passes phased array antenna, the number passes phased array day
Line is resolved, distributed, and control vector modulator chip into line amplitude, phase adjustment according to orientation angle；
In addition, after I, Q data stream that the number biography integrated controller also sends data transmission subsystem are converted, in radio frequency
SQPSK modulation is completed, it is amplified to be sent to the number biography phased array antenna, phased array antenna are passed according to specified side by the number
It is radiate to by signal.The number biography integrated controller reception number biography phased array antenna output supplies progress condition adjudgement
Telemetered signal, and to it is described number pass phased array antenna relevant parameters compensate and correct.
As shown in the figure, the number, which passes phased array antenna, includes aerial array, T components, feeding network, ripple control network, power supply
Network and autonomous temperature-control structure.Moreover, the major function that the number passes phased array antenna is as follows：
(1) angle information sent according to integrated controller, realizes the continuous switching of beam position；
(2) dock after received rf modulated signal is amplified and launch according to specified direction；
(3) there is autonomous temperature controlling function, control the temperature of each component of antenna, and realize the equilibrium of front temperature；
(4) there is telemetering channel, there is provided antenna array coupled output signal takes remote measurement for integrated controller；
(5) possess T channel temperature acquisition functions, and temperature is passed into integrated controller in the form of digital quantity.
The number, which passes integrated controller, mainly includes modulator, power module, antenna controller and telemetry module.Moreover,
The major function that the number passes integrated controller is as follows：
(1) angle information of beam position satellite under phased array antenna coordinate system is gone out according to programmed calculations；
(2) data sent out to data transmission subsystem be modulated, up-conversion and power amplification, in the visual segmental arc of satellite,
Complete to transmit the high bit rate of satellite；
(3) storage, parsing, execution and the remote measurement parsing of instruction needed for in-orbit service operation are completed；
(4) telemetry intelligence (TELINT) of phased array antenna is gathered, after collecting with the machine remote measurement, according to protocol requirement, send integrated electronics；
(5) secondary power supply is provided for phased array antenna, and the power supply of phased array antenna is carried out according to workflow requirement
Switch control；
(6) telemetered signal that phased array antenna is sent out is received, realizes and antenna transmission power is adjusted, and to phased
The width phase self-test of array antenna T components；
(7) phased array antenna array element remote temperature sensing amount is handled, and according to the temperature curve of T components, carries out T components
Temperature-compensating；
(8) interface of other subsystems of subsystem Yu satellite is provided.
For user segment, the user segment is mainly used for collecting sensing data, and is included in the multiple of sensor connection
User terminal.With the establishing star user link, and pass through Internet of Things of the satellite in user terminal and overlay area in the user segment
The interface specification agreement of net service is transferred to spaceborne large capacity things-internet gateway load.
Specifically, the transmission data of each user terminal can be received by the low orbit satellite in multiple areas of coverage, often
Low orbit satellite gateway load can be from user terminal node received data packet, and is forwarded to by the inter-satellite link described
Ground segment.
As shown in figure 11, every satellite gateway load will connect received data packet from terminal node and pass through inter-satellite link
The webserver of the ground based on cloud platform, satellite and the equal Maintenance free log-on message of terminal are forwarded to, is moved on star without implementation
The switching of mobility management and inter-satellite gateway load.Since the spaceborne things-internet gateway of large capacity has multichannel and multiple data rates
Characteristic is received, can scan and detect the data packet on any active channel and it is demodulated, therefore terminal and satellite are equal
Without the concern for the roaming between gateway, terminal node is broadcasted its data packet and can be received without the concern for which gateway.
Multiple gateways can be with received data packet, but the no any influence of consumption on gateway self-energy, therefore user
Handoff procedure or synchronization is not required in terminal.
It is by ground segment since user terminal switches (Context Switch) from context during different insertings of satellite
The webserver is managed and maintains, and so just eliminates the transfering work of complexity.In the present embodiment, will be intelligent and multiple
Polygamy processing task has been put on the webserver, by network server management network, and is filtered the reception data of redundancy, is held
Row safety inspection, which greatly simplifies satellite system design so that Internet of Things constellation systems can be defended by micro-nano in real time in the whole world
Star is carried out.
In the present embodiment, user's satellite-ground link between the space segment and the user segment uses 400MHz-1GHz
The free frequency ranges of ISM, taken into account over long distances, antenna size and efficiency.Moreover, have between the space segment and the user segment
Whole world access LoraWAN system internet-of-things terminal abilities.
Due to LoraWAN in the frequency that different areas uses be it is different, its band support include 434MHz, 470,
510MHz, 780MHz, 868MH and 915MHz.It is not only frequency range to have any different, refine to channel division, even data rate, hair
Power, maximum data length etc. is penetrated all to have any different.Therefore, when low orbit satellite is used for global different zones Internet of Things connection, pass through
Transceiver frequency realizes the combined covering of multiband on adjustment star.
For low rail Internet of Things constellation since relative motion can produce Doppler effect, the embodiment of the present invention, which proposes, to be based on
The asynchronous ALOHA access protocols of modified of the TDMA/FDMA of Doppler effect.As shown in figure 12, in every satellite wave beam over the ground
In overlay area, the Doppler frequency difference of the different user terminals in Same Latitude area is little, and same longitude area is not
Doppler frequency with user terminal has bigger difference.
In every satellite footprint of a beam over the ground, first, how general the user terminal in Same Latitude difference longitude area is (
It is approximate to strangle frequency) frequency point that is randomized launch signal by UTC time, ephemeris and self-position realizes moving for FDMA frequency points
State is distributed；Secondly, the user terminal in same longitude different latitude area is when on the basis of FDMA frequency point allocations according to UTC
Between, ephemeris and self-position be randomized the dynamically distributes that the time slot of launched signal realizes TDMA slot.
The step of asynchronous ALOHA access TDMA/FDMA multiple access of modified based on Doppler effect configures is as follows：
1st, the low each terminal of rail Internet of Things constellation has a DevAddr and NwkSKey parameters, in the communication frame of terminal
MIC (Message Integrity Code, information completely code) carries out 128ASE encryptions and decryption by NwkSKey, is mainly used for
Information integrity checkout and prevent " dummy node " attack, TDMA/FDMA multiple access randomization calculate key use NwkSKey；
2nd, the randomization of TDMA/FDMA multiple access, which calculates, uses Advanced Encryption Standard (Advanced Encryption
Standard, abbreviation：AES) carry out, the block length of AES is fixed as 128 bits, and key length is 128 bits；
3rd, dynamically distributes are carried out to FDMA frequency points and TDMA slot based on DevAddr and NwkSKey parameters respectively；Moreover,
The dynamically distributes formula of FDMA frequency points is：Freq_Offset=aes128_encrypt (NwkSKey, UTC | DevAddr | Lon |
Lat)；The dynamically distributes formula of TDMA slot is：Slot_Offset=aes128_encrypt (NwkSKey, Freq_Offset
|UTC|DevAddr|Lon|Alt)。
Moreover, in order to realize that the magnanimity of Internet of Things user terminal accesses, to single inserting of satellite user network capacity requirement not
Less than 100,000, wherein, single satellite network node capacity designs node number, average package length, the biography for including linking at the same time
Defeated time, the frequent road of transmission, and system rejection to disturbance ability.
To realize requirement of the embodiment of the present invention to single satellite user capacity performance index, the embodiment of the present invention employs user's industry
Business category division rule, subscriber traffic calculate and the method for channel quantity distribution design realizes the meter of user network capacity
Calculate, comprise the following steps that：
1st, subscriber service class division rule：It is preferential according to terminal access frequency in the real-time Internet of Things constellation in the low-power consumption whole world
Level be divided into three classes, minute level access terminal (A Terminal Types) account for 1% ratio, ten minutes level access terminal (B Terminal Types) account for
10% ratio, hour level access terminal (C Terminal Types) account for 89% ratio.It is not less than according to single inserting of satellite user network capacity
100000 can be calculated that A Terminal Type quantity is 1000, B Terminal Type quantity is 10000, A Terminal Type quantity is 89000
It is a；
2nd, GOS (percent of call lost) model specification：In wireless system access, portfolio can be divided into traffic offered and complete industry
Business amount.The average call number that traffic offered depends on occurring in the unit interval averagely takes wireless radio frequency channel with per call
Time, in system offered traffic, the part portfolio of complete connection is referred to as finishing service amount, do not complete continue that
Partial service amount is referred to as lost traffic, and the ratio between lost traffic and traffic offered are known as the percent of call lost or blocking rate.Setting is every
The percent of call lost of Terminal Type requires as follows：The percent of call lost requirement of A Terminal Types is that the percent of call lost requirement of GoSA, B Terminal Type is GoSB, C
The percent of call lost requirement of Terminal Type is GoSC；
3rd, terminating traffic model algorithm：Calculating the low-power consumption whole world, Internet of Things constellation Terminal Type portfolio uses love in real time
Your blue (Erl) weighs the unit of traffic load size as unit, represents that a channel is completely occupied within the investigation time
Traffic intensity, 1Erl refer to be otherwise fully engaged in one hour an of channel.The portfolio of single satellite Terminal Type
=certain Terminal Type can access total quantity × single terminal portfolio；
4th, single terminal portfolio computational methods：Refer to when a special time is inscribed indegree and access averagely takes every time
Between product, calculation formula is A=C × T.A is portfolio, and unit is Erl (Ireland), and C is to access number per hour, unit
It is secondary, T is each access average occupied duration, and unit is hour.
For example, according to the loraWAN models shown in table 1, the full-length that each user terminal communicates every time is 32byte,
Calculated according to no line rate for Rb, then each service access time that is averaged per user is 32 × 8/Rb second.Minute level access terminal
(A Terminal Types) access per hour number be 60 times, ten minutes level access terminal (B Terminal Types) per hour access number be 6, hour
It is 1 time that level access terminal (C Terminal Types) accesses number per hour.Therefore the traffic model per Terminal Type calculates as follows：
A Terminal Types：EA=1000 × (60 × (32 × 8/Rb)/3600) Erl；
B Terminal Types：EB=10000 × (6 × (32 × 8/Rb)/3600) Erl；
C Terminal Types：EC=89000 × (1 × (32 × 8/Rb)/3600) Erl；
1 Lora modulation systems transmission rate of table and bandwidth, the configuration relation of spreading ratio
5th, per number of channel allocation algorithm needed for class user terminal：ERLANG B reflects GoS (percent of call lost), customer service
Measure the relation between (Erl) and Traffic Channel number three, it is known that wherein both can be obtained by the third party.Per class user terminal institute
It is to table look-up to obtain the number of channel needed for approximation by every the Terminal Type portfolio and the percent of call lost being derived above to need number of channel allocation algorithm.
The required number of channel of tri- Terminal Type of A, B, C obtained by inquiring about ERLANG B is respectively CHA, CHB, CHC；
6th, calculate A Terminal Types needed for the number of channel be GoS/EA, B Terminal Type needed for the number of channel be needed for GoS/EB, C Terminal Type
The number of channel is GoS/EC；
7th, single satellite meets that total channel quantity of the requirement of user network capacity 100,000 is CHX under the conditions of aforementioned constraint
=CHA+CHB+CHC, at this time CHX be likely lower than total physical channel quantity of single satellite gateway of internet of things load design, it is remaining
Channel can be used for further increasing C Terminal Type network capacities, and the computational methods of the network capacity after the renewal of C Terminal Types are such as
Under：
A, assume that the total physical channel quantity of single satellite gateway of internet of things load is CH, then the remaining number of channel is CHY=CH-
CHX；
B, CHY channel increase is used for C Terminal Types, the final distribution number of channel of tri- Terminal Type of A, B, C is respectively at this time：
CHA、CHB、CHC+CHY；
C, it is ECx (Erl) to inquire about the corresponding portfolio of ERLANG B again according to C Terminal Type numbers of channel CHC+CHY；
D, the network capacity after the renewal of C Terminal Types is ECx/ (1 × (32 × 8/Rb)/3600).
8th, it is final：The user network capacity of the real-time Internet of Things constellation in the low-power consumption whole world is 11000+ECx/ (1 × (32 × 8/
Rb)/3600)。
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the invention is not restricted to the details of above-mentioned one exemplary embodiment, Er Qie
In the case of without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter
From the point of view of which point, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended power
Profit requires rather than described above limits, it is intended that all in the implication and scope of the equivalency of claim by falling
Change is included in the present invention.Any reference numeral in claim should not be considered as to the involved claim of limitation.
Moreover, it will be appreciated that although the present specification is described in terms of embodiments, not each embodiment is only wrapped
Containing an independent technical solution, this narrating mode of specification is only that those skilled in the art should for clarity
Using specification as an entirety, the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined, forms those skilled in the art
It is appreciated that other embodiment.
Claims (13)
- A kind of 1. real-time Internet of Things constellation systems in the whole world, it is characterised in that：Including：Space segment, it includes the more low orbit satellites by inter-satellite link interconnection；Ground segment, it is used to complete operation control function and data distribution and recycling function, and the ground segment includes multiple Constellation juncture station；AndUser segment, it is used to collect sensing data, and the user segment includes multiple user terminals；Wherein, the constellation juncture station of the ground segment and the user terminal of the user segment respectively pass through respective communication link Connected with the multimedia LEO satellite communications of the space segment.
- 2. the real-time Internet of Things constellation systems in the whole world according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The satellite of the space segment is Low rail circle sun synchronous satellite, and for the user terminal in any operative place, there is provided effectively covered in real time full when small in the whole world 24 Lid.
- 3. the real-time Internet of Things constellation systems in the whole world according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The inter-satellite link uses Ka Frequency range realizes information transmission and the exchange between satellite, and the access module of the inter-satellite link is in-orbit interior chain between establishing ring-type star Road, semicircle equity ring-type TDD transmission in orbital plane, the satellites of different orbital planes using different frequency FDD differentiations, time synchronization by GPS is determined.
- 4. the real-time Internet of Things constellation systems in the whole world according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The inter-satellite link uses two End transmitting-receiving staggeredly carries out forming bicyclic communication network.
- 5. the real-time Internet of Things constellation systems in the whole world according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The data of the inter-satellite link Routing policy is used selects landing route, and the OLSR agreements of the inter-satellite link pass through reduction recently according to OLSR routing algorithms For control packet to reduce signalling data volume, satellite node issues its link information between relay selection node.
- 6. the real-time Internet of Things constellation systems in the whole world according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The ground segment further includes net Network server and client server, the webserver are used to carry institute's network control in need and management function, and will Data distribution is used for the application clothes that isomery is provided for different application vendors to the client server, the client server Business；Moreover, multiple constellation juncture stations positioned at the multiple positions in the whole world present with establishing star with the low orbit satellite in overlay area respectively Current source road, is used for realization the real-time convergence of constellation whole world Internet of Things data, is responsible for giving user data transmission to the webserver.
- 7. the real-time Internet of Things constellation systems in the whole world according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The constellation feeding link is adopted The information transmission realized between star ground and switching equipment are used as by the use of Ka number posting lotuses.
- 8. the real-time Internet of Things constellation systems in the whole world according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The constellation feeding link carries Lotus uses CCSDS standards, introduces pseudo channel VC, and information source complicated on satellite is handled using the AOS multiple business for suggesting providing Data；Moreover, handling data flow using the AOS bit stream services for suggesting providing, bit stream protocol data section is packaged into, and insert VCDU data fields, form AOS transmission frames.
- 9. the real-time Internet of Things constellation systems in the whole world according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：User terminal and different satellites Context switching during access is managed and is maintained by the webserver of ground segment.
- 10. the real-time Internet of Things constellation systems in the whole world according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Each user terminal Transmission data can by multiple areas of coverage low orbit satellite receive, the gateway load of every low orbit satellite can be from user Terminal node receives data packet, and is forwarded to the ground segment by the inter-satellite link.
- 11. the real-time Internet of Things constellation systems in the whole world according to claim 10, it is characterised in that：The space segment and described User's satellite-ground link between user segment uses the free frequency ranges of ISM of 400MHz-1GHz, and low orbit satellite is used for global different zones When Internet of Things connects, the combined covering of multiband is realized by adjusting transceiver frequency on star.
- 12. the real-time Internet of Things constellation systems in the whole world according to claim 10, it is characterised in that：In every satellite to earthwave The beam area of coverage, the user terminal in Same Latitude difference longitude area are randomized by UTC time, ephemeris and self-position The frequency point of launched signal realizes the dynamically distributes of FDMA frequency points；User terminal in same longitude different latitude area on the basis of FDMA frequency point allocations according to UTC time, ephemeris and Self-position is randomized the dynamically distributes that the time slot of launched signal realizes TDMA slot.
- 13. the real-time Internet of Things constellation systems in the whole world according to claim 10, it is characterised in that：Imitated using based on Doppler The asynchronous ALOHA access protocols of modified of the TDMA/FDMA answered solve low rail Internet of Things constellation since relative motion can produce Doppler effect, moreover, the step of asynchronous ALOHA access TDMA/FDMA multiple access of modified based on Doppler effect configures is such as Under：Each user terminal of low rail Internet of Things constellation is respectively provided with DevAddr and NwkSKey parameters, the letter in the communication frame of terminal Cease full code and 128ASE encryptions and decryption are carried out by NwkSKey, and the key that the randomization of TDMA/FDMA multiple access calculates uses NwkSKey；The randomization of TDMA/FDMA multiple access is calculated to be carried out using Advanced Encryption Standard, and the block length of AES is fixed as 128 bits, close Key length is 128 bits；Dynamically distributes are carried out to FDMA frequency points and TDMA slot based on DevAddr and NwkSKey parameters respectively.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711164281.4A CN108011660B (en) | 2017-11-21 | 2017-11-21 | Global real-time Internet of things constellation system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711164281.4A CN108011660B (en) | 2017-11-21 | 2017-11-21 | Global real-time Internet of things constellation system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108011660A true CN108011660A (en) | 2018-05-08 |
| CN108011660B CN108011660B (en) | 2020-12-22 |
Family
ID=62053147
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711164281.4A Active CN108011660B (en) | 2017-11-21 | 2017-11-21 | Global real-time Internet of things constellation system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108011660B (en) |
Cited By (28)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108882374A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-11-23 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | Ka frequency range multiple access TT&C Resources dispatching method |
| CN108988934A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-12-11 | 南京邮电大学 | Low orbit satellite internet of things data business transmitting method based on segmentation connection |
| CN109787898A (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2019-05-21 | 杭州电子科技大学 | A method of the wireless sensor network downstream message energy conservation flooding based on sleep scheduling |
| CN109787897A (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2019-05-21 | 杭州电子科技大学 | A kind of energy-efficient sensor network MPR node selection and downlink broadcast implementation method |
| CN109818666A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-05-28 | 中国电子科技集团公司电子科学研究院 | A kind of satellite beams coverage enhancement method and system |
| CN109995420A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-07-09 | 长沙天仪空间科技研究院有限公司 | A kind of inter-satellite space communication system and method |
| CN110049562A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-07-23 | 中兴克拉科技（苏州）有限公司 | A kind of LoRaWAN Internet of Things for supporting TDMA to access |
| CN110324076A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-10-11 | 北京曦华科技发展有限公司 | A kind of space-based network monitoring system for things and monitoring method |
| CN110337089A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-10-15 | 西安天宸量子通信技术有限公司 | A kind of vehicle-mounted internet-of-things terminal and its information transferring method |
| CN110445529A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-11-12 | 西安天宸量子通信技术有限公司 | A kind of satellite things-internet gateway station and information transferring method |
| CN110474971A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-11-19 | 西安天宸量子通信技术有限公司 | A kind of wide area low-power consumption Internet of Things communication system and its transmission method |
| CN111181625A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-05-19 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | HTS satellite payload radio frequency domain implementation method based on N-active framework |
| CN111313959A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-06-19 | 中国西安卫星测控中心 | Beidou third-order phased array agile inter-satellite link telemetering downlink path searching method |
| CN111327371A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2020-06-23 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Antenna alignment method, antenna alignment device, phased array antenna system and readable storage medium |
| CN111404597A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-10 | 中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院 | Space-based resource networked intelligent microsatellite system |
| CN111835405A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-10-27 | 重庆邮电大学 | Information pushing method and system based on heaven-earth integrated information center network |
| CN111934742A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-11-13 | 南京天际砺剑科技有限公司 | Multi-constellation multi-frequency combination high-precision satellite communication terminal |
| CN111970045A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-11-20 | 湖南斯北图科技有限公司 | Space-based Internet of things signal processing solution with variable message rate |
| GB2586866A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2021-03-10 | R3 Iot Ltd | A gateway for communication, and method thereof |
| CN113078940A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-07-06 | 中山大学 | Gateway station site selection method and system of broadband low-orbit satellite communication system |
| CN113300756A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-08-24 | 上海航天电子通讯设备研究所 | Intersatellite link mesh routing system based on CCSDS specification |
| CN113489526A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-10-08 | 上海卫星工程研究所 | Distributed autonomous task planning information synchronization system suitable for ring network constellation |
| CN113574965A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2021-10-29 | 舰队空间私人有限公司 | Remote LPWAN gateway backhaul with high latency communication system |
| CN114915331A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-08-16 | 清华大学 | Satellite-ground cooperative wide area real-time communication system and communication method thereof |
| CN115065396A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-09-16 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Inter-satellite link design method based on millimeter-level measurement precision of phased array system |
| CN115296710A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-11-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Downlink space division multiple access method, storage medium and equipment for multi-channel space domain filtering |
| CN115865775A (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-03-28 | 南京航空航天大学 | Unmanned aerial vehicle network fast routing recovery method based on OLSR |
| CN117749258A (en) * | 2024-02-21 | 2024-03-22 | 中国人民解放军战略支援部队航天工程大学 | Network capacity determination method based on non-cooperative low-orbit constellation inter-satellite link interference |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101484889A (en) * | 2006-05-03 | 2009-07-15 | 克劳德系统有限公司 | System and method for managing, routing, and controlling devices and inter-device connections |
| WO2012163744A1 (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2012-12-06 | Eutelsat S A | Method for locating a terminal at the surface of a coverage area by means of a telecommunication network using a multi-beam satellite |
| CN104378152A (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2015-02-25 | 上海微小卫星工程中心 | Multiple-address access method based on processing on LEO satellite multi-beam reception satellite |
| CN106254019A (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2016-12-21 | 北京信威通信技术股份有限公司 | A kind of inter-satellite link communication means of Constellation of Low Earth Orbit Satellites |
| CN106357321A (en) * | 2016-09-08 | 2017-01-25 | 湖北航天技术研究院总体设计所 | Space-based Internet-of-Things system structure and networking method thereof |
| EP3208950A1 (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2017-08-23 | Universite De Montpellier | Connected objects communication system |
-
2017
- 2017-11-21 CN CN201711164281.4A patent/CN108011660B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101484889A (en) * | 2006-05-03 | 2009-07-15 | 克劳德系统有限公司 | System and method for managing, routing, and controlling devices and inter-device connections |
| WO2012163744A1 (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2012-12-06 | Eutelsat S A | Method for locating a terminal at the surface of a coverage area by means of a telecommunication network using a multi-beam satellite |
| CN104378152A (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2015-02-25 | 上海微小卫星工程中心 | Multiple-address access method based on processing on LEO satellite multi-beam reception satellite |
| CN106254019A (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2016-12-21 | 北京信威通信技术股份有限公司 | A kind of inter-satellite link communication means of Constellation of Low Earth Orbit Satellites |
| EP3208950A1 (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2017-08-23 | Universite De Montpellier | Connected objects communication system |
| CN106357321A (en) * | 2016-09-08 | 2017-01-25 | 湖北航天技术研究院总体设计所 | Space-based Internet-of-Things system structure and networking method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
| Title |
|---|
| IOTISAN: ""LoRaWAN介绍-LoRa从业者读这篇就够了"，iotisan，", 《CSDN[URL:HTTPS://BLOG.CSDN.NET/IOTISAN/ARTICLE/DETAILS/69939241]》 * |
| 周伯生 等: "MANET路由协议研究进展", 《计算机研究与发展》 * |
| 江国星 等: "低开销的MANET网络按需路由协议", 《通信学报》 * |
| 沙学军 等: "无线自组网组网与接入控制", 《哈尔滨工业大学出版社》 * |
| 苟亮: "欧洲GEO卫星星簇宽带通信系统_SkyLAN", 《数字通信世界》 * |
| 马永奎 等: "一种基于CCSDS AOS的星上数据系统仿真分析", 《遥测遥控》 * |
Cited By (43)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108882374A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-11-23 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | Ka frequency range multiple access TT&C Resources dispatching method |
| CN108988934A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-12-11 | 南京邮电大学 | Low orbit satellite internet of things data business transmitting method based on segmentation connection |
| CN108988934B (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2020-12-29 | 南京邮电大学 | Low-orbit satellite Internet of things data service transmission method based on segmented connection |
| CN113574965A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2021-10-29 | 舰队空间私人有限公司 | Remote LPWAN gateway backhaul with high latency communication system |
| WO2020125230A1 (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2020-06-25 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Antenna alignment method, device, phased array antenna system, and readable storage medium |
| CN111327371A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2020-06-23 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Antenna alignment method, antenna alignment device, phased array antenna system and readable storage medium |
| CN109818666A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-05-28 | 中国电子科技集团公司电子科学研究院 | A kind of satellite beams coverage enhancement method and system |
| CN109818666B (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2022-07-29 | 中国电子科技集团公司电子科学研究院 | Satellite beam coverage enhancement method and system |
| CN109995420B (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2021-04-13 | 长沙天仪空间科技研究院有限公司 | Space communication system and method between satellites |
| CN109995420A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-07-09 | 长沙天仪空间科技研究院有限公司 | A kind of inter-satellite space communication system and method |
| CN109787897A (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2019-05-21 | 杭州电子科技大学 | A kind of energy-efficient sensor network MPR node selection and downlink broadcast implementation method |
| CN109787898A (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2019-05-21 | 杭州电子科技大学 | A method of the wireless sensor network downstream message energy conservation flooding based on sleep scheduling |
| CN110049562A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-07-23 | 中兴克拉科技（苏州）有限公司 | A kind of LoRaWAN Internet of Things for supporting TDMA to access |
| CN110324076A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-10-11 | 北京曦华科技发展有限公司 | A kind of space-based network monitoring system for things and monitoring method |
| CN110324076B (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2022-01-11 | 北京曦华科技发展有限公司 | Space-based Internet of things monitoring system and monitoring method |
| CN110474971A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-11-19 | 西安天宸量子通信技术有限公司 | A kind of wide area low-power consumption Internet of Things communication system and its transmission method |
| CN110474971B (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2022-06-10 | 天宸星通(深圳)科技有限公司 | Wide-area low-power-consumption Internet of things communication system and transmission method thereof |
| CN110337089B (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2022-12-20 | 天宸星通(深圳)科技有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted Internet of things terminal and information transmission method thereof |
| CN110445529B (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2021-09-24 | 天宸星通(深圳)科技有限公司 | Satellite Internet of things gateway station and information transmission method |
| CN110445529A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-11-12 | 西安天宸量子通信技术有限公司 | A kind of satellite things-internet gateway station and information transferring method |
| CN110337089A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-10-15 | 西安天宸量子通信技术有限公司 | A kind of vehicle-mounted internet-of-things terminal and its information transferring method |
| GB2586866A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2021-03-10 | R3 Iot Ltd | A gateway for communication, and method thereof |
| GB2586866B (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2021-10-27 | R3 Iot Ltd | A gateway for communication, and method thereof |
| CN111181625A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-05-19 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | HTS satellite payload radio frequency domain implementation method based on N-active framework |
| CN111313959A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-06-19 | 中国西安卫星测控中心 | Beidou third-order phased array agile inter-satellite link telemetering downlink path searching method |
| CN111404597A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-10 | 中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院 | Space-based resource networked intelligent microsatellite system |
| CN111835405A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-10-27 | 重庆邮电大学 | Information pushing method and system based on heaven-earth integrated information center network |
| CN111835405B (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2022-04-05 | 重庆邮电大学 | Information pushing method and system based on heaven-earth integrated information center network |
| CN111934742A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-11-13 | 南京天际砺剑科技有限公司 | Multi-constellation multi-frequency combination high-precision satellite communication terminal |
| CN111970045B (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2022-04-12 | 湖南斯北图科技有限公司 | Space-based Internet of things signal processing solution with variable message rate |
| CN111970045A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-11-20 | 湖南斯北图科技有限公司 | Space-based Internet of things signal processing solution with variable message rate |
| CN113078940A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-07-06 | 中山大学 | Gateway station site selection method and system of broadband low-orbit satellite communication system |
| CN113300756A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-08-24 | 上海航天电子通讯设备研究所 | Intersatellite link mesh routing system based on CCSDS specification |
| CN113300756B (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2023-01-20 | 上海航天电子通讯设备研究所 | Interstar link mesh routing system based on CCSDS specification |
| CN113489526A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-10-08 | 上海卫星工程研究所 | Distributed autonomous task planning information synchronization system suitable for ring network constellation |
| CN114915331A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-08-16 | 清华大学 | Satellite-ground cooperative wide area real-time communication system and communication method thereof |
| CN115065396B (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2024-01-26 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Inter-satellite link design method based on millimeter magnitude measurement precision of phased array system |
| CN115065396A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-09-16 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Inter-satellite link design method based on millimeter-level measurement precision of phased array system |
| CN115296710A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-11-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Downlink space division multiple access method, storage medium and equipment for multi-channel space domain filtering |
| CN115865775B (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2024-01-05 | 南京航空航天大学 | Unmanned aerial vehicle network rapid route recovery method based on OLSR |
| CN115865775A (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-03-28 | 南京航空航天大学 | Unmanned aerial vehicle network fast routing recovery method based on OLSR |
| CN117749258A (en) * | 2024-02-21 | 2024-03-22 | 中国人民解放军战略支援部队航天工程大学 | Network capacity determination method based on non-cooperative low-orbit constellation inter-satellite link interference |
| CN117749258B (en) * | 2024-02-21 | 2024-06-07 | 中国人民解放军战略支援部队航天工程大学 | Network capacity determination method based on non-cooperative low-orbit constellation inter-satellite link interference |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108011660B (en) | 2020-12-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN108011660A (en) | A kind of real-time Internet of Things constellation systems in the whole world | |
| Liu et al. | Space-air-ground integrated network: A survey | |
| Di et al. | Ultra-dense LEO: Integration of satellite access networks into 5G and beyond | |
| Akyildiz et al. | The internet of space things/cubesats | |
| Leyva-Mayorga et al. | LEO small-satellite constellations for 5G and beyond-5G communications | |
| Zhou et al. | Aerospace integrated networks innovation for empowering 6G: A survey and future challenges | |
| Pan et al. | OPSPF: Orbit prediction shortest path first routing for resilient LEO satellite networks | |
| Fraire et al. | Direct-to-satellite IoT-a survey of the state of the art and future research perspectives: Backhauling the IoT through LEO satellites | |
| Naqvi et al. | Drone-aided communication as a key enabler for 5G and resilient public safety networks | |
| Chien et al. | Heterogeneous space and terrestrial integrated networks for IoT: Architecture and challenges | |
| Mukherjee et al. | Communication technologies and architectures for space network and interplanetary internet | |
| Ateya et al. | Study of 5G services standardization: Specifications and requirements | |
| Akyildiz et al. | InterPlaNetary Internet: state-of-the-art and research challenges | |
| Chilamkurthy et al. | Low-power wide-area networks: A broad overview of its different aspects | |
| Chaudhari et al. | Design considerations and network architectures for low-power wide-area networks | |
| Yang | Low earth orbit (LEO) mega constellations: satellite and terrestrial integrated communication networks | |
| Álvarez et al. | Uplink transmission policies for LoRa-based direct-to-satellite IoT | |
| Zhang et al. | Joint data downloading and resource management for small satellite cluster networks | |
| WO2023160381A1 (en) | Communication method and apparatus | |
| Niemelä | Narrowband LTE in Machine to Machine Satellite Communication | |
| Zhang et al. | MaCro: Mega-Constellations Routing Systems with Multi-Edge Cross-Domain Features | |
| Bhasin et al. | Lunar relay satellite network for space exploration: architecture, technologies and challenges | |
| Markovitz et al. | Asymmetric Differential Routing for low orbit satellite constellations | |
| Li et al. | A hierarchical framework of dynamic relay selection for mobile users and profit maximization for service providers in wireless relay networks | |
| Fongen et al. | Population Based Routing in LEO Satellite Networks |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20211129 Address after: 410000 rooms 301 and 302, building 1, Kaile Weigu business center, No. 786 Qifeng Road, wujialing street, Kaifu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province Patentee after: Hunan jingling Zhilian Information Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: Unit 6, building 4, block 1, Huanghe community, Yuelu street, Yuelu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province Patentee before: HUNAN LINGXING SPACE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. |