The differential modulated formula of preset bipolar pulse determines frequency excitation generator voltage regulator
Technical field
The invention belongs to automobile current generator control technology field, the differential modulated formula for being related to preset bipolar pulse determines to encourage frequently
Magnetic generator voltage regulator.
Background technology
Existing automobile current generator can automatically adjust excitation duty cycle among vehicle operation according to generator output voltage,
The exciter field of generator voltage controller can be divided into:
1. completely non-determine frequency excitation:Voltage regulator according to output voltage equivalence unit compared with setting value, with this
Comparative result determines that being to turn on excitation is also turned off excitation, therefore excited state is only determined by output voltage, excitation frequency by
The calculation of output voltage equivalence unit, circuit response time etc. determine, generator loading change, storage battery connection relation etc.
Excitation frequency can be influenced, some excitation frequency excursions are larger, the excitation frequency such as in the case where only connecting storage battery no-load condition
For 20Hz, when throwing storage battery band 40A and loading, excitation frequency rises to 1.8KHz, and higher frequency increases the loss of adjuster power tube
Greatly, fever increase, also increases the iron loss of generator, the unstable of excitation frequency makes generator electromagnetic resistance change greatly, is right
Larger stress loss is produced in dynamo belt.
2. fixed the non-of frequency triggering determines frequency excitation:There is oscillating circuit to be encouraged with fixed frequency to trigger connection in voltage regulator
Magnetic, adjuster cuts off excitation when generator output voltage exceedes setting value, although connecting excitation with fixed frequency to trigger
Excitation con-trol end show as it is non-determine frequency excitation, but the time difference for opening excitation every time be with monomerous integral multiple, it is this to encourage
Magnetic control, which does not measure, determines frequency trigger pulse, and the excitation waveform and Fei Ding frequencies of excitation con-trol end F points are very similar, its fixed frequency triggering arteries and veins
It is punched in during generator overvoltage completely by " blanking ".
3. determine frequency excitation:With fixed excitation frequency excitation, excitation frequency stablize make generator electromagnetic resistance change uniformly,
Also improve engine operational stability.
The existing control mode for determining frequency excitation voltage regulation device includes:Triangle wave formula, i.e., export electricity by generator
Output signal and certain frequency constant amplitude triangular wave after pressure sampling are compared, and obtain duty cycle modulated signal, excitation is controlled with this,
This mode is more universal, but triangular wave forming circuit is complex and more demanding to triangular wave constant amplitude, because its amplitude
It has been as " benchmark " compared with sampled signal, has been completed more by complex numerical model analysis integrated chip, circuit
Complicated cost is higher.
Chopped mode, i.e., using the trigger pulse triggers excitation of fixed frequency, cut off excitation, more by complex when over-pressed
Numerical model analysis integrated chip is completed, and circuit structure complexity cost is higher.
Above two mode can also be completed by microcontroller, but general single chip becomes in the high temperature of generator, high electricity
Magnetic disturbance, high surge impact power supply environment in tend to be out of order, it is bad such as to there is various procedural problem, heat resistance
Deng;And high temperature resistant, high pressure resistant, the dedicated microcontroller of generator are costly.
Therefore, it is necessary to work out more circuit structure simply to determine frequency excitation voltage regulation device.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem determine frequency excitation, the present invention is creatively using " differential modulated " by the way of come reality
Now determine frequency excitation.
One side according to the present invention, there is provided a kind of differential modulated formula of preset bipolar pulse determines the power generation of frequency excitation
Machine voltage regulator, it is characterized in that including sampling unit 1000, reference cell 1001, comparing unit 1002, burst pulse
Generating unit 1003, coupled capacitor C0, power cell 1004 and afterflow unit 1005, wherein:
The sampling unit 1000 is connected with the positive and negative anodes of voltage regulator, and the reference cell 1001 exports benchmark electricity
Pressure value, the comparing unit are the voltage comparator with two input terminals, 1000 output terminal of sampling unit and the ratio
The second input terminal compared with unit 1002 connects, and the burst pulse generating unit 1003 passes through the coupled capacitor C0 connections comparison
Second input terminal of unit 1002, the first input end connection reference cell 1001 of the comparing unit 1002 are described relatively more single
The input terminal of the output terminal connection power cell 1004 of member 1002, the afterflow unit 1005 are connected to the power cell 1004
Between output terminal and positive pole, the anode ground connection of the power cell 1005, the output terminal of the power cell 1005 is used for
Connection Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection simultaneously controls exciting current.
Two aspects according to the present invention, there is provided a kind of differential modulated formula of preset bipolar pulse determines the power generation of frequency excitation
Machine voltage regulator, it is characterized in that including sampling unit 1000, reference cell 1001, amplifying unit 1002, burst pulse
Generating unit 1003, coupled capacitor C0, power cell 1004 and afterflow unit 1005, wherein:
The sampling unit 1000 is connected with the positive and negative anodes of voltage regulator, and the reference cell 1001 is two pole of voltage stabilizing
Pipe, the amplifying unit 1002 are the amplifying circuit of single ended input Single-end output, and 1000 output terminal of sampling unit passes through institute
The input terminal that reference cell 1001 is stated with the amplifying unit 1002 is connected, and the burst pulse generating unit 1003 is by coupling electricity
Hold the input terminal of the C0 connections amplifying unit 1002, the output terminal of the amplifying unit 1002 connects the power cell
1004 input terminal, the afterflow unit 1005 is connected between 1004 output terminal of power cell and positive pole, described
The anode ground connection of power cell 1005, the output terminal of the power cell 1005 are used to connect Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection and control excitation electric
Stream.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:Using the differential modulated mode of preset bipolar pulse, realize voltage regulator
Determine frequency excitation function, triggering is accurate, adjusting generator output voltage, accurate, stability is strong, and circuit structure of the present invention is simply, easily
It is relatively low, easy to spread in realization, dependable performance, cost.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that a kind of differential modulated formula for preset bipolar pulse that embodiment of the present invention provides determines frequency excitation generator
Voltage modulator circuit structure diagram;
Fig. 2 is that the differential modulated formula for another preset bipolar pulse that embodiment of the present invention provides determines the power generation of frequency excitation
Machine voltage modulator circuit structure diagram.
Fig. 3 is that the differential modulated formula for the preset bipolar pulse that embodiment of the present invention provides determines the adjusting of frequency excitation generator voltage
Device circuit waveform schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is that the differential modulated formula for the preset bipolar pulse that embodiment of the present invention provides determines the adjusting of frequency excitation generator voltage
Device circuit waveform schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Mentality of designing according to the present invention, using small numbers of element, designs the differential modulated of preset bipolar pulse
Formula determines frequency excitation generator voltage regulator.
In a first aspect, embodiment of the present invention, which provides a kind of differential modulated formula of preset bipolar pulse, determines frequency excitation hair
Electric moter voltage adjuster.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, determine frequency excitation generator voltage regulator for a kind of differential modulated formula of preset bipolar pulse, its
Including sampling unit 1000, reference cell 1001, comparing unit 1002, burst pulse generating unit 1003, coupled capacitor C0, power
Unit 1004 and afterflow unit 1005, wherein:
Sampling unit 1000 is connected with the positive and negative anodes of voltage regulator, to have and generator output voltage is sampled, base
Quasi- unit 1001 is regulator circuit, provides reference voltage value for comparing unit 1002, comparing unit is with two input terminals
Voltage comparator, 1000 output terminal of sampling unit are connected with the second input terminal of comparing unit 1002, burst pulse generating unit
1003 pass through the second input terminal of coupled capacitor C0 connections comparing unit 1002, the first input end linker of comparing unit 1002
Quasi- unit 1001, the input terminal of the output terminal connection power cell 1004 of comparing unit 1002, afterflow unit 1005 are connected to work(
Between 1004 output terminal of rate unit and positive pole, the anode ground connection of power cell 1005, the output terminal of power cell 1005 is used
In connection Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection and control exciting current.
The course of work of circuit is:
Burst pulse generating unit 1003 constantly exports burst pulse, and referring to the A curves in Fig. 3, narrow pulse width can root
According to needing to be set when designing burst pulse generating unit 1003, general recommendations is between 0.5%~2%.The burst pulse is led to
Overcoupling capacitance C0 is coupled to the first input end of comparing unit 1002.Since burst pulse carries out discharge and recharge to capacitance C0 so that
" bipolar pulse " is obtained in the first input end of comparing unit 1002, i.e.,:Burst pulse rising edge is under C0 chargings and burst pulse
Drop is along to C0 electric discharges and reverse charge, the B curves being somebody's turn to do in the waveform such as Fig. 3 of " bipolar pulse ", it is clear that capacitance C0 and sampling unit
Effective resistance form RC differential circuits, obtained " bipolar pulse " is that burst pulse generating unit 1003 is exported
Burst pulse carries out what differential obtained:At the t1 moment, the burst pulse rising edge of A curves arrives, and charges to C0, obtains on B curves
The charge waveforms of the burst pulse formula risen, rise along arriving under the t2 moment, the burst pulse of A curves, to C0 electric discharges and reverse charge, obtain
The waveform of the burst pulse formula declined on B curves.
Assuming that coupled capacitor C0 is disconnected:When generator output voltage is less than setting value, the output letter of sampling unit 1000
Number voltage is less than the output voltage of reference cell 1002, and comparator 1002 exports the first level, the first Automatic level control power list
First 1004 output terminals turn on connection exciting current over the ground;When generator output voltage is higher than in setting value, sampling unit 1000
Output signal voltage be higher than reference cell 1002 output voltage, comparator 1002 export second electrical level, the first level control
1004 output terminal of power cell processed is over the ground by cut-out exciting current.Here it is the operation principle of standard regulator.
Connect C0 now, the burst pulse of the double level of height addition of in the input terminal of comparator 1002, this pair of level it is narrow
Pulse is modulated sampling unit output signal, at the t2 moment:No matter whether generator output voltage is less than setting value, low electricity
The modulated signal voltage of flat burst pulse is less than the output voltage of reference cell 1002 during burst pulse, makes exciting current quilt
Connect;At the t3 moment:No matter whether generator output voltage is higher than setting value, the modulated signal voltage of burst pulse of high level
It is higher than the output voltage of reference cell 1002 during burst pulse, is cut off exciting current, in the input of power cell 1004
End is obtained such as the D curve waveform voltages in Fig. 3.
It can so select with fixed frequency, lead to such as in the range of 120~350Hz by reasonable set burst pulse frequency
Cross it was verified that generator can be made with burst pulse frequency excitation, be equivalent to a mechanical device be subject to one it is external intrinsic
The vibration of frequency and the principle of " forced vibration " is the same.
When generator causes persistently under-voltage due to low speed or overload when reason, since there are " high level " of burst pulse
(burst pulse that such as t1 or t3 start), can end burst pulse by emergent power pipe, such as the E curves in Fig. 3 in energized circuit.By
In burst pulse duty cycle, extremely low (general 0.5~2%), therefore minimum to the restricted influence of full excitation generally can be ignored.
When generator sustained overvoltage, since there are " low level " of burst pulse (burst pulse that such as t2 or t4 start), meeting
Emergent power pipe turns on burst pulse in energized circuit, such as the F curves in Fig. 3.Due to burst pulse duty cycle extremely low (general 0.5
~2%), thus on it is over-pressed when generator excitation without influencing, it is external most of to determine frequency excitation voltage regulation device in mistake
Generally in 2~8% (having referred to as " residual pulse "), " residual pulse " at this moment accounts for the burst pulse of still fixed conducting during pressure
It is empty than low, make generator because the voltage of this " residual pulse " output is still below setting value.And technical solution of the present invention is residual
Then its duty cycle is lower for after pulse.
Due to either there is the cut-off burst pulse of high level in continuous under-voltage or continuous overvoltage period, energized circuit
Or low level conducting burst pulse, therefore it is referred to as " preset bipolar pulse ".
The abscissa line that C curve in attached drawing 3 is whole Fig. 3, represents time-parameters.
Afterflow unit 1005 is fly-wheel diode, it is known technology, and which is not described herein again.
The present embodiment effect is:Using the differential modulated mode of preset bipolar pulse, voltage regulator is set to realize fixed frequency
Excitation function, triggering is accurate, adjusting generator output voltage, accurate, stability is strong, particularly in generator output voltage height
When setting value, sampled output signal is subject to the timely modulation for determining frequency burst pulse, and exciting current can be cut off in time, effectively avoid it
Secondary delay issue, this point significantly improve the reliability of the voltage regulator of technical solution of the present invention, and C0 also also serves as sampling letter
Number filter capacitor.
Second aspect, embodiment of the present invention additionally provide a kind of differential modulated formula of preset bipolar pulse and determine frequency excitation
Generator voltage controller.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Fig. 2, determine frequency excitation generator voltage regulator for a kind of differential modulated formula of preset bipolar pulse, its
Including sampling unit 1000, reference cell 1001, amplifying unit 1002, burst pulse generating unit 1003, coupled capacitor C0, power
Unit 1004 and afterflow unit 1005, wherein:
Sampling unit 1000 is connected with the positive and negative anodes of voltage regulator, and reference cell 1001 is zener diode, and amplification is single
Member 1002 is the amplifying circuit of single ended input Single-end output, is such as transistor amplifier, and 1000 output terminal of sampling unit connects
By the input terminal of reference cell 1001, the output terminal of reference cell 1001 is connected with the input terminal of amplifying unit 1002, narrow arteries and veins
Rush input terminal of the generating unit 1003 by coupled capacitor C0 connections amplifying unit 1002, the output terminal connection of amplifying unit 1002
The input terminal of power cell 1004, afterflow unit 1005 are connected between 1004 output terminal of power cell and positive pole, power
The anode ground connection of unit 1005, the output terminal of power cell 1005 are used to connect Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection and control exciting current.
The course of work of circuit is:
Burst pulse generating unit 1003 constantly exports and the same burst pulse of previous embodiment 1.
Assuming that coupled capacitor C0 is disconnected:When generator output voltage is less than setting value, the output letter of sampling unit 1000
Number voltage is less than the on state threshold voltage of reference cell 1002, and amplifying unit 1002 exports the first level, first Automatic level control
1004 output terminal of power cell turns on connection with exciting current over the ground;When generator output voltage is higher than in setting value, sampling
The output signal voltage of unit 1000 is higher than the on state threshold voltage of reference cell 1002, amplifying unit 1002 is exported second
Level, second electrical level control power cell 1004 output terminal is over the ground by cut off exciting current.This is also common voltage tune
Save the operation principle of device.
C0 is connected now, and the burst pulse of the double level of height is addition of in the input terminal of amplifying unit 1002, this pair of level
Burst pulse is modulated sampling unit output signal, at the t2 moment:No matter whether generator output voltage is less than setting value, low
The modulated signal voltage of burst pulse of level is less than the on state threshold voltage of reference cell 1002 during burst pulse, makes excitation
Electric current is switched on;At the t3 moment:No matter whether generator output voltage is higher than setting value, the modulated letter of burst pulse of high level
Number voltage is higher than the on state threshold voltage of reference cell 1002 during burst pulse, is cut off exciting current, in power cell
1004 input terminal is obtained such as the D curve waveform voltages in Fig. 3.
It can so select with fixed frequency, lead to such as in the range of 120~350Hz by reasonable set burst pulse frequency
Cross it was verified that generator can be made with burst pulse frequency excitation, be equivalent to a mechanical device be subject to one it is external intrinsic
The vibration of frequency and the principle of " forced vibration " is the same.
When generator causes persistently under-voltage due to low speed or overload when reason, since there are " high level " of burst pulse
(burst pulse that such as t1 or t3 start), can end burst pulse by emergent power pipe, such as the E curves in Fig. 3 in energized circuit.By
In burst pulse duty cycle, extremely low (general 0.5~2%), therefore minimum to the restricted influence of full excitation generally can be ignored.
When generator sustained overvoltage, since there are " low level " of burst pulse (burst pulse that such as t2 or t4 start), meeting
Emergent power pipe turns on burst pulse in energized circuit, such as the F curves in Fig. 3.Due to burst pulse duty cycle extremely low (general 0.5
~2%), thus on it is over-pressed when generator excitation without influencing, it is external most of to determine frequency excitation voltage regulation device in mistake
Generally in 2~8% (having referred to as " residual pulse "), " residual pulse " at this moment accounts for the burst pulse of still fixed conducting during pressure
It is empty than low, make generator because the voltage of this " residual pulse " output is still below setting value.And technical solution of the present invention is residual
Then its duty cycle is lower for after pulse.
The abscissa line that C curve in attached drawing 3 is whole Fig. 3, represents time-parameters.
Afterflow unit 1005 is fly-wheel diode, it is known technology, and which is not described herein again.
By the elaboration of above-described embodiment, can learn:In the sampled signal output terminal of voltage regulator, carry out preset double
To the differential modulated of burst pulse, the better technique effect for determining frequency excitation can be obtained, attached drawing 4 shows burst pulse
Unit output determine frequency burst pulse (the A curves in Fig. 4) and by this determine frequency burst pulse by coupled capacitor C0 to sampled signal into
The excitation con-trol waveform (the G curves in Fig. 4) of 1004 output terminal of power cell obtained after row differential modulated, it is seen that fixed【Frequency is imitated
Fruit is good, and obtains fixed-frequency control in transformation load or throwing storage battery.
The beneficial effect of technical solution of the present invention is:Using the differential modulated mode of preset bipolar pulse, make voltage tune
Save device and realize and determines frequency excitation function, triggering is accurate, adjusting generator output voltage, accurate, stability is strong, is particularly generating electricity
When machine output voltage is higher than setting value, sampled output signal is subject to the timely modulation for determining frequency burst pulse, and exciting current can be cut in time
It is disconnected, next delay issue is effectively avoided, this point significantly improves the reliability of the voltage regulator of technical solution of the present invention, C0
Also also serve as sampled signal filter capacitor.Circuit structure of the present invention is simple, be easily achieved, dependable performance, cost is relatively low, is easy to push away
Extensively.
The embodiment of the present invention is merely to illustrate technical scheme, is not limitation of the present invention, by equivalent
Replacement and non-creative labour income to other embodiment or other combine obtained embodiments and each fall within protection of the present invention
Scope, protection scope of the present invention are defined by the claims.