CN108008446B - Seismic properties based on linear adaptive grayscaleization theory are mutated boundary line acquiring method - Google Patents
Seismic properties based on linear adaptive grayscaleization theory are mutated boundary line acquiring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108008446B CN108008446B CN201711220427.2A CN201711220427A CN108008446B CN 108008446 B CN108008446 B CN 108008446B CN 201711220427 A CN201711220427 A CN 201711220427A CN 108008446 B CN108008446 B CN 108008446B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/307—Analysis for determining seismic attributes, e.g. amplitude, instantaneous phase or frequency, reflection strength or polarity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/63—Seismic attributes, e.g. amplitude, polarity, instant phase
Abstract
The invention discloses the seismic properties based on linear adaptive grayscaleization theory to be mutated boundary line acquiring method, method is from the angle of seismic properties, according to the shape feature in boundary line itself, detection boundary information and gradually adjusting parameter are to complete grayscale, realize the enhancing to boundary information, then the characteristic parameter calculated by data after grayscale, further to convert seismic attributes data to the data for showing mutation boundary line.The invention has the advantages that: the present invention can allow more tiny boundary line, whether is it there are turn-off, can be effectively retained, and by after the stepping up of grayscale and changing value calculating process, faint mutation boundary line can be more readily identified；And the parameter during grayscale is determined according to boundary line own form feature, the automation of calculating process not only may be implemented, and it is smaller to determine that the process of parameter is influenced by random noise, i.e., has the ability of certain anti-random noise during detection is mutated boundary line.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seismic properties to be mutated boundary line technical field, is based especially on the ground of linear adaptive grayscaleization theory
It shakes attribute and is mutated boundary line acquiring method.
Background technique
Containing a large amount of stratum abundant and lithological information in seismic data, these information be all much tomography in reservoir,
The response in river, fracture developing zone and some other boundary line, but conventional seismic data means of interpretation is utilized, it can not
Clear and intuitive boundary information is obtained, is also just difficult to further make reservoir careful description.In order to identify that these boundary lines are believed
Breath, generally selecting is use phase Ganlei algorithm or curvature class algorithm on seismic data.
Coherent algorithm is that the method for identifying boundary information in the seismic data is realized by calculating waveform similarity.It is theoretical
On, there is the place of fracture, no matter its turn-off size can all generate seismic amplitude and phase when seismic reflector passes through breakpoint
The variation of position, so as to cause lower coherent value.Its technology is developed in 20th century the nineties, is generally classified as three classes core
Algorithm.The first kind is the first generation (C1) coherent algorithm based on cross-correlation scanning.Second class is multiple tracks similitude scanning (C2)
Coherent algorithm.Third class is based on Eigenvalue Decomposition (C3) coherent algorithm.Then, Cohen and Coifman propose base
In coherence's algorithm of local structural entropy.The algorithm is using the local structural entropy estimated by seismic data as relevant measurement.Lu
Wenkai and Li Yandong etc. proposes the coherent estimation method (HOSC) based on Higher Order Cumulants from another angle.
HOSC method calculates the two dimension slicing for possessing zero-lag 4 rank squares of relevant normalization using 3 seismic channels simultaneously, and two dimension is cut
On piece maximal correlation point is as relevant estimation.
It for practical poststack seismic data, is influenced by data handling procedure, such as superposition, filtering processing, is especially carried on the back
Scape noise is larger, smothing filtering during improving signal-to-noise ratio, often will increase the coherent value at various mutation boundary lines, thus
The precision that coherent body portrays boundary line is influenced, therefore usually needs to portray the power made between precision in raising signal-to-noise ratio and boundary line
Weighing apparatus.And curvature attributes are then directly to portray boundary line by the geometry of constructing curve as a member in seismic properties, it
The influence of smothing filtering is compensated for a certain extent.Curvature attributes are introduced into the mid-90 and explain in process, calculating side
Formula is initially to be calculated with level, as the result is shown with outcrop data present on fracture have and closely contact very much.Explanation personnel can
With from identified along level attribute it is small disturb song, fold, protrusion, differential compaction feature, these are in common version can not
Tracking.Later with the continuous promotion of earthquake geometry generic attribute and perfect, allow curvature estimation by being fitted three dimensions
Same-phase face in is completed, and the precision and efficiency of curvature estimation are substantially increased.
Existing technical solution:
2015, Yu Jingbo and Li Zhong proposed the seismic data cube fracture depicting method under arctan function fitting.It should
Method mainly includes two steps, is respectively as follows: the fitting of one, cylinder straight edge line, is broken with arctan function to fracture and both ends
The interface combinations opened are fitted, on this basis the curvature variation of digital simulation curve；Two, the ginseng determined using previous step
Number is based on least square method, is fitted to cylinder directrix, then calculates the change rate at analysis site.This method is with lineups institute's generation
Based on the geological interface form of table, when interface is broken, it is inclined to along the plane of disruption, curvature variation has maximum.By
In carrying out cylinder fitting to the interface of disconnection first, extending direction and the plane of disruption tendency of cylinder directrix are consistent, pass through meter in this way
The curvature variation for calculating cylinder directrix can guarantee that calculated result obtains maximum, therefore be able to reflect out fracture and exist.It is theoretical
On, under the premise of reasonable fit fracture, curvature variation can be obtained whether great or small simply by the presence of the turn-off on vertical
Relatively high value, therefore it is higher than conventional method to the precision portrayed of fracture, can disclose more fracture details, especially pair
In small turn-off fracture not easy to identify on seismic profile, also can clearly portray, and for offices such as river, band-like protuberances
There are the interface combinations of similar fracture to have a provisioning response in portion.
The algorithm for seeking boundary line above both for fracture, crack this kind large scale, can cause seismic data phase to be shaken
What the boundary line that width is obviously mutated was designed, it is therefore desirable at least identifiable turn-off on seismic data；And for river
Stacked, short lap position boundary line, often only opposite peripheral region there are faint amplitude variations and tiny waveform change,
It is extremely difficult to the lower limit requirement that conventional method can respond, and this boundary line is in inside fracture institute's cut zone, it is relatively large
It is very faint for the boundary line of scale is acutely mutated, it is easier to be ignored when explaining.
In seismic attributes data, there are point similar in many numerical value, block is constituted in adjacent spatial position, and these shapes
Irregular piece of shape contacts with each other between block, and the position to contact with each other is boundary line between two blocks, these boundary lines are cracks, break
The position of layer, facies tract boundary and other attribute value suddenly changes.And in the inside of a block, also have local extremum composition
The line of some subtle mutations, the place of these subtle mutations are usually river superimposed band, short lap etc..These mutation are sought now
The main stream approach in boundary line or it is phase Ganlei algorithm based on waveform similarity in seismic channel or is same based on seismic data
Phase point is fitted to the curvature class algorithm at interface.But these algorithms are both for crack, tomography this kind large scale relatively
Be mutated boundary line design, consider waveform without significant change, lineups without the obvious changing of the relative positions the case where, do not account for yet how
Identify the subtle mutations boundary line under opposite Steady Background Light；Meanwhile to these subtle mutations have it is relatively responding by force, from earthquake
The seismic properties extracted in data are not had waveform and phase after being generated due to it, not can be used directly these two types of algorithms yet and belonging to
Property data basis on identification mutation boundary line.
Therefore, it is necessary to propose that the seismic properties based on linear adaptive grayscaleization theory are mutated boundary line in response to the above problems
Acquiring method.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide be based on linear adaptive grayscale
Theoretical seismic properties are mutated boundary line acquiring method, and faint boundary line can be allowed to respond and be effectively retained and allow it
It is more easily identified.
Seismic properties based on linear adaptive grayscaleization theory are mutated boundary line acquiring method, method and step are as follows:
Step 1: a two-dimensional layer attribute data is calculated with seismic data；
Step 2: all the points on layer attribute are according to value aligned to from big to small in a table；
Step 3: one empty two-dimensional array of setting, according to the coordinate of two-dimensional array of the table midpoint where original, to this
Point around the point of new two-dimensional array corresponding position is checked；
Step 4: in checking process, judge the ambient conditions: if the point that surrounding is not inspected, assigning should
One new value k of point, can be regarded as a zone number, while k=k+1, the number as next new region；If surrounding has
One point checked, or have multiple but all point of proximity zone numbers all identical, then point imparting neighbor point is identical
Zone number；If surrounding has, multiple points checked but zone number are different, the point assign in point of proximity it is the smallest that
A zone number, meanwhile, in entire two-dimensional array, the identical point of search and other zone numbers assigns this most
Cell Field Number, and record the number for the point that each zone number was modified；
Step 5: if the point number that single zone number is more corrected one's mistakes is greater than a several n, the corresponding category of point is stored
Property value, the cut-point as an attribute codomain；
Step 6: returning to step 3, until all the points are all inspected, can finally obtain an attribute value segmentation points
Group is split earthquake attribute value domain with the array, and assigns the value section divided to an integer number from small to large,
Then the value of each point of layer attribute is converted to the number in its respective value section in codomain, earthquake two-dimensional layer attribute data turns
Luma data is turned to；
Step 7: with Nx×NyThe luma data that back obtains is scanned for window, gray level co-occurrence matrixes are calculated, from position
(x, y) gray scale is that the point of i sets out, and statistics is δ=(Δ x with its distance2+Δy2)1/2, gray scale be j point simultaneously occur probability P
For seismic properties, consider that anisotropy, θ value are generally 0 °, 45 °, 90 ° and 135 °, distance δ takes 1；For 0 °
With 90 ° of gray level co-occurrence matrixes, ∑i∑jP (i, j, θ)=2 × Nx×(Ny- 1), for 45 ° and 135 ° of gray level co-occurrence matrixes, ∑i
∑jP (i, j, θ)=2 × (Nx-1)×(Ny-1)；
Four matrix interior elements are normalized respectively again, make each matrix interior element and be 1
Wherein ∑i∑jP (i, j, θ) can be by the window size N of the calculating gray level co-occurrence matrixes in luma datax、NyReally
It is fixed；
Step 8: on the basis of the gray level co-occurrence matrixes that step 7 obtains, the changing value is calculated, calculation formula is
C (x, y) is point (x, y) changing value result；
Step 9: when luma data all the points are all completed to have obtained changing value composition Step 7: after eight scanning calculates
2-D data, the line that maximum point is linked to be are the mutation boundary line in this layer of attribute.
Preferably, the number for the point that each zone number recorded in step 4 was modified passes through first in step 5
Whether the number judges test point near whether existing point be contained in an effective coverage more than n, i.e., the region is counted
Whether reach Minimum Area restrictive condition, and then determines whether the point is point in the mutation boundary line for divided different zones, this
Sample can effectively avoid the pseudo- mutation boundary line of random noise formation.
Preferably, the n in step 5 is points possessed by Minimum Area, with calculating process dynamic change；If checked
In the process, it is spaced very short continuous trigger step 4, then n increases；Once the condition of storage values triggers, n is rapidly reduced, but is not less than
One minimum value.
Preferably, wherein on the basis of the gray level co-occurrence matrixes that step 7 obtains, the changing value is calculated, can also be used
Following formula:
Preferably, wherein gray level co-occurrence matrixes after obtaining the changing value of gray level co-occurrence matrixes of four difference θ of the point,
Take the maximum one changing value result final as the point in four:
C (x, y)=MAX { C (x, y, θ) }.
Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, the invention has the advantages that: the present invention can allow more tiny boundary line, regardless of whether
There are turn-offs to be effectively retained, meanwhile, it is micro- by after the stepping up of grayscale and changing value calculating process
Weak mutation boundary line is more easily identified.And the parameter setting during grayscale is determined according to boundary line own form feature,
The automation of calculating process is not only realized, i.e., data need to only be selected not need to fill in any parameter manually, and determines parameter
Process in the presence of having certain random noise, since shape itself judges not will receive too big interference, detecting
There is the ability of certain anti-random noise during mutation boundary line.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the process of the seismic properties mutation boundary line acquiring method of the invention based on linear adaptive grayscaleization theory
Block diagram；
Fig. 2 is the flow diagram of linear adaptive grayscale theory implementation method of the invention；
Fig. 3 is that the present invention completes the flow diagram that mutation boundary line is sought after linear adaptive grayscaleization is theoretical.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with attached drawing, but the present invention can be defined by the claims
Implement with the multitude of different ways of covering.
As shown in Figure 1, the seismic properties based on linear adaptive grayscaleization theory are mutated boundary line acquiring method, method step
Suddenly are as follows:
Step 1: a two-dimensional layer attribute data is calculated with seismic data；
Step 2: all the points on layer attribute are according to value aligned to from big to small in a table；
Step 3: one empty two-dimensional array of setting, according to the coordinate of two-dimensional array of the table midpoint where original, to this
Point around the point of new two-dimensional array corresponding position is checked；
Step 4: in checking process, judge the ambient conditions: if the point that surrounding is not inspected, assigning should
One new value k of point, can be regarded as a zone number, while k=k+1, the number as next new region；If surrounding has
One point checked, or have multiple but all point of proximity zone numbers all identical, then point imparting neighbor point is identical
Zone number；If surrounding has, multiple points checked but zone number are different, the point assign in point of proximity it is the smallest that
A zone number, meanwhile, in entire two-dimensional array, the identical point of search and other zone numbers assigns this most
Cell Field Number, and record the number for the point that each zone number was modified；
Step 5: if the point number that single zone number is more corrected one's mistakes is greater than a several n, the corresponding category of point is stored
Property value, the cut-point as an attribute codomain；
Step 6: returning to step 3, until all the points are all inspected, can finally obtain an attribute value segmentation points
Group is split earthquake attribute value domain with the array, and assigns the value section divided to an integer number from small to large,
Then the value of each point of layer attribute is converted to the number in its respective value section in codomain, earthquake two-dimensional layer attribute data turns
Luma data is turned to；
Step 7: with Nx×NyThe luma data that back obtains is scanned for window, gray level co-occurrence matrixes are calculated, from position
(x, y) gray scale is that the point of i sets out, and statistics is δ=(Δ x with its distance2+Δy2)1/2, gray scale be j point simultaneously occur probability P
For seismic properties, consider that anisotropy, θ value are generally 0 °, 45 °, 90 ° and 135 °, distance δ takes 1；For 0 °
With 90 ° of gray level co-occurrence matrixes,
∑i∑jP (i, j, θ)=2 × Nx×(Ny- 1), for 45 ° and 135 ° of gray level co-occurrence matrixes, ∑i∑jP (i, j, θ)
=2 × (Nx-1)×(Ny-1)；
Four matrix interior elements are normalized respectively again, make each matrix interior element and be 1
Wherein ∑i∑jP (i, j, θ) can be by the window size N of the calculating gray level co-occurrence matrixes in luma datax、NyReally
It is fixed；
Step 8: on the basis of the gray level co-occurrence matrixes that step 7 obtains, the changing value is calculated, calculation formula is
C (x, y) is point (x, y) changing value result；
Step 9: when luma data all the points are all completed to have obtained changing value composition Step 7: after eight scanning calculates
2-D data, the line that maximum point is linked to be are the mutation boundary line in this layer of attribute.
Further, the number for the point that each zone number recorded in step 4 was modified, it is logical first in step 5
The number is crossed whether more than n, judges whether existing point is contained in an effective coverage near test point, i.e. the region point
Whether number reaches Minimum Area restrictive condition, and then determines whether the point is point in the mutation boundary line for divided different zones,
The pseudo- mutation boundary line of random noise formation can be effectively avoided in this way.
Further, the n in step 5 is points possessed by Minimum Area, with calculating process dynamic change；If inspection
During looking into, it is spaced very short continuous trigger step 4, then n increases；Once the condition of storage values triggers, n is rapidly reduced, but not small
In a minimum value.
Further, wherein on the basis of the gray level co-occurrence matrixes that step 7 obtains, the changing value is calculated, can also be adopted
With following formula:
Wherein gray level co-occurrence matrixes take four after obtaining the changing value of gray level co-occurrence matrixes of four difference θ of the point
In the maximum one changing value result final as the point:
C (x, y)=MAX { C (x, y, θ) }.
The present invention can allow more tiny boundary line, regardless of whether there are turn-offs to be effectively retained, meanwhile, warp
It crosses after the stepping up of grayscale and changing value calculating process, faint mutation boundary line is more easily identified.And according to boundary line
Own form feature determines the parameter setting during grayscale, not only realizes the automation of calculating process, i.e., only needs to select
Data are selected not need to fill in any parameter manually, and determine parameter process in the presence of having certain random noise,
Since shape itself judges not will receive too big interference, there is certain anti-random noise during detection is mutated boundary line
Ability.
Wherein, the linear adaptive technology for realizing grayscale of seismic properties, the method foundation boundary line of this grayscale is certainly
The features of shape of body guarantees that the boundary information that the mutation of various intensity is constituted all is retained during grayscale, also,
There is certain amplification for relatively weak mutation boundary line, it can be more obvious after calculating changing value.Grey topology degree and ground
Shake attribute combines the mode for seeking mutation boundary line.The size of mutation and dredging for mutation boundary line can be obtained simultaneously using grey topology degree
It is close, it converts seismic properties to by operation the data in description mutation boundary line, in calculating process, can also suppress some strong
The value of sudden change region, some faint mutation boundary lines made are relatively more easily identified on final result.
Grayscale, which is continuous seismic attributes data, is divided into different sections for codomain according to certain rule, according to each data
Section where point is translated into the operation of luma data.The linear spatial distribution shape adaptively referred to according to characteristic
Shape automatically determines the parameter of grayscale process.Boundary line is primarily referred to as crack, tomography, river, hummocky configuration, flat with Asia in parallel
Row structure, inclined bedding, current bedding etc. are formed by the line segment of segmentation different zones in seismic properties.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, all utilizations
Equivalent structure or equivalent flow shift made by description of the invention and accompanying drawing content is applied directly or indirectly in other correlations
Technical field, be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the seismic properties based on linear adaptive grayscaleization theory are mutated boundary line acquiring method, method and step are as follows:
Step 1: a two-dimensional layer attribute data is calculated with seismic data；
Step 2: all the points on layer attribute are according to value aligned to from big to small in a table；
Step 3: one empty two-dimensional array of setting is new to this according to the coordinate of two-dimensional array of the table midpoint where original
Point around the point of two-dimensional array corresponding position is checked；
Step 4: in checking process, judge the ambient conditions: if the point that surrounding is not inspected, assigns the point one
A new value k can be regarded as a zone number, while k=k+1, the number as next new region；If surrounding has one
The point checked, or have multiple but all point of proximity zone numbers all identical, then the point assigns neighbor point identical region
Number；If surrounding has multiple points checked but zone number is different, which assigns that the smallest area in point of proximity
Field Number, meanwhile, in entire two-dimensional array, the identical point of search and other zone numbers assigns this smallest region
Field Number, and record the number for the point that each zone number was modified；
Step 5: if the point number that single zone number is more corrected one's mistakes is greater than a several n, the corresponding attribute of point is stored
Value, the cut-point as an attribute codomain；
Step 6: returning to step 3, until all the points are all inspected, can finally obtain an attribute value cut-point array, uses
The array is split earthquake attribute value domain, and assigns the value section divided to an integer number from small to large, then
Convert the value of each point of layer attribute to the number in its respective value section in codomain, earthquake two-dimensional layer attribute data is converted into
Luma data；
Step 7: with Nx×NyThe luma data that back obtains is scanned for window, gray level co-occurrence matrixes are calculated, from position (x, y)
Gray scale is that the point of i sets out, and statistics is δ=(Δ x with its distance2+Δy2)1/2, gray scale be j point simultaneously occur probability P
For seismic properties, consider that anisotropy, θ value are 0 °, 45 °, 90 ° and 135 °, distance δ takes 1；For 0 ° and 90 ° of ashes
Spend co-occurrence matrix, ∑i∑jP (i, j, θ)=2 × Nx×(Ny- 1), for 45 ° and 135 ° of gray level co-occurrence matrixes, ∑i∑jP (i, j,
θ)=2 × (Nx-1)×(Ny-1)；
Four matrix interior elements are normalized respectively again, make each matrix interior element and be 1
Wherein ∑i∑jP (i, j, θ) can be by the window size N of the calculating gray level co-occurrence matrixes in luma datax、NyIt determines；
Step 8: on the basis of the gray level co-occurrence matrixes that step 7 obtains, the changing value is calculated, calculation formula is
C (x, y) is point (x, y) changing value result；
Step 9: when luma data all the points are all completed to have obtained the two dimension of changing value composition Step 7: after eight scanning calculates
Data, the line that maximum point is linked to be are the mutation boundary line in this layer of attribute.
2. the seismic properties according to claim 1 based on linear adaptive grayscaleization theory are mutated boundary line acquiring method,
It is characterized by: the number for the point that each zone number recorded in step 4 was modified, passes through the number in step 5 first
Whether mesh judges test point near whether existing point be contained in an effective coverage more than n, i.e., whether region points
Reach Minimum Area restrictive condition, and then determine whether the point is point in the mutation boundary line for divided different zones, in this way may be used
Effectively to avoid the pseudo- mutation boundary line of random noise formation.
3. the seismic properties according to claim 1 based on linear adaptive grayscaleization theory are mutated boundary line acquiring method,
It is characterized by: the n in step 5 is points possessed by Minimum Area, with calculating process dynamic change；If checking process
In, it is spaced very short continuous trigger step 4, then n increases；Once the condition of storage values triggers, n is rapidly reduced, but is not less than one
Minimum value.
4. the seismic properties according to claim 1 based on linear adaptive grayscaleization theory are mutated boundary line acquiring method,
It is characterized by: calculating the changing value wherein on the basis of the gray level co-occurrence matrixes that step 7 obtains, can also use as follows
Formula:
5. the seismic properties according to claim 4 based on linear adaptive grayscaleization theory are mutated boundary line acquiring method,
It is characterized by: wherein gray level co-occurrence matrixes take four after obtaining the changing value of gray level co-occurrence matrixes of four difference θ of the point
The maximum one changing value result final as the point in a:
C (x, y)=MAX { C (x, y, θ) }.
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