CN108008380A - A kind of microwave based on satellites formation stares relevance imaging method and system - Google Patents
A kind of microwave based on satellites formation stares relevance imaging method and system Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
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Abstract
The present invention proposes that a kind of microwave based on satellites formation stares relevance imaging method, stares relevance imaging system applied to the microwave based on satellites formation, which is made of the accompanying flying satellite of a main satellite in center and setting quantity；The accompanying flying satellite of quantity is set according to regular sparse distribution is set around the main satellite in center, forms the random radiation source antenna array of setting bore；This method includes：Each accompanying flying satellite uses the dynamic of itself generation, the antenna radiation pattern of time-varying, synchronous to targeted imaging region radiation microwave random radiation field, each microwave random radiation field coverage goal imaging region in a manner of wave beam overlaps；The image of targeted imaging region is simultaneously calculated by relevance imaging algorithm for the main satellite reception scatter echo in center.Can be realized using above-mentioned technical proposal will stare relevance imaging is imaged applied to space remote sensing, and can ensure imaging resolution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to remotely sensed image technical field, more particularly to a kind of microwave based on satellites formation to stare relevance imaging
Method and system.
Background technology
Radar imaging technology is a leap in radar development history, it has expanded the work(of the initial detection of radar and ranging
Can so that radar can utilize the electromagnetic scattering information obtained, obtain panoramic radar image.
As satellite-borne microwave remote sensing technology main at present, the synthetic aperture radar that the fifties in last century develops rapidly
The relative motion between carrier platform and target is make use of, scatter distributions letter of the target in distance-Doppler plane can be obtained
Breath, has higher azimuth resolution.Traditional real aperture radar staring imaging, its angular resolution is by actual antennas array
Aperture, wavelength and image-forming range determine, since geostationary-satellite orbit height is higher, limit its imaging effect in practice.
Microwave stares relevance imaging and surmounts the excellent of real aperture radar imaging resolution limit and fast imaging because having
Point, faster development is achieved in recent years.The core of the imaging method is that construction one has space-time bidimensional stochastic behaviour
Radiation field irradiation target area, make that the target scattering positioned at diverse location is independent, the echo of time-varying, then to echo and preset
Radiation field be associated processing and obtain high-resolution inversion chart picture.
The research for staring microwave relevance imaging at present is concentrated mainly on ground surface platform or quasi-static suspension balloon platform
On, there has been no will stare relevance imaging to stare research in terms of observation over the ground applied to satellite, how pass will be stared
It is unified into and is imaged as being applied to space remote sensing, or a problem to be solved.
The content of the invention
The defects of based on the above-mentioned prior art and deficiency, the present invention propose that a kind of microwave based on satellites formation stares association
Imaging method and system, can will stare relevance imaging and be imaged applied to space remote sensing.
In order to achieve the above object, specifically the following technical solutions are proposed by the present invention：
A kind of microwave based on satellites formation stares relevance imaging method, stares pass applied to the microwave based on satellites formation
Join imaging system, which is made of the accompanying flying satellite of a main satellite in center and setting quantity；Wherein, the setting quantity
Accompanying flying satellite around the main satellite in the center, forms the random radiation source antenna of setting bore according to the regular sparse distribution of setting
Array；This method includes：
Each accompanying flying satellite is at the same time to targeted imaging region radiation microwave random radiation field；
Whole of all microwave random radiation field actions of the main satellite reception in center behind the targeted imaging region
Scatter echo, and according to the scatter echo received, by relevance imaging algorithm, is calculated the figure of the targeted imaging region
Picture.
Preferably, the antenna of the accompanying flying satellite by the first quantity in Antenna aperture random arrangement antenna submatrix structure
Into the antenna submatrix includes the uniform rectangular grid phased array antenna being made of the bay of the second quantity；The accompanying flying
Satellite can be by controlling the random additive phase of its own antenna array element, generation dynamic, time-varying, the antenna side of spatial stochastically distribution
Xiang Tu；
Each accompanying flying satellite radiates microwave random radiation field to targeted imaging region at the same time, including：
Each accompanying flying satellite synchronization generates mutually orthogonal randomly pulsed phase signal；
Each accompanying flying satellite respectively according to itself generate randomly pulsed phase signal and itself generate antenna radiation pattern,
The microwave random radiation field of targeted imaging region is directed toward in generation in antenna beam.
Preferably, the random spoke of microwave for the direction targeted imaging region that each accompanying flying satellite generates in antenna beam
Penetrate field and cover the targeted imaging region in a manner of partly overlapping.
Preferably, each accompanying flying satellite synchronization generates mutually orthogonal randomly pulsed phase signal, including：
Each accompanying flying satellite synchronization generates mutually orthogonal random frequency hopping pulse signal.
Preferably, the accompanying flying satellite of the setting quantity is all in the main satellite in the center according to the regular sparse distribution of setting
Enclose, including：
The accompanying flying satellite of the setting quantity is according to the rule of setting, and sparse distribution is in using the main satellite in the center as the center of circle
Setting radius circular trace on.
A kind of microwave based on satellites formation stares relevance imaging system, including：
The accompanying flying satellite of one main satellite in center and setting quantity；
Wherein, the accompanying flying satellite of the setting quantity according to the regular sparse distribution of setting around the main satellite in the center,
Form the random radiation source antenna array of setting bore；The accompanying flying satellite of the setting quantity, at the same time to target imaging area
Domain radiation microwave random radiation field；
The main satellite in center, for receiving all microwave random radiation field actions behind the targeted imaging region
Whole scatter echos, and according to the scatter echo received, by relevance imaging algorithm, the targeted imaging region is calculated
Image.
Preferably, the antenna of the accompanying flying satellite by the first quantity in Antenna aperture random arrangement antenna submatrix structure
Into the antenna submatrix includes the uniform rectangular grid phased array antenna being made of the bay of the second quantity；The accompanying flying
Satellite is additionally operable to the random additive phase by controlling its own antenna array element, generation dynamic, time-varying, the antenna of spatial stochastically distribution
Directional diagram；
When each accompanying flying satellite radiates microwave random radiation field to targeted imaging region at the same time, it is specifically used for：
Each accompanying flying satellite synchronization generates mutually orthogonal randomly pulsed phase signal；
Each accompanying flying satellite respectively according to itself generate randomly pulsed phase signal and itself generate antenna radiation pattern,
The microwave random radiation field of targeted imaging region is directed toward in generation in antenna beam.
Preferably, the random spoke of microwave for the direction targeted imaging region that each accompanying flying satellite generates in antenna beam
Penetrate field and cover the targeted imaging region in a manner of partly overlapping.
Preferably, when each accompanying flying satellite synchronization generates mutually orthogonal randomly pulsed phase signal, it is specifically used for：
Each accompanying flying satellite synchronization generates mutually orthogonal random frequency hopping pulse signal.
Preferably, the accompanying flying satellite of the setting quantity is all in the main satellite in the center according to the regular sparse distribution of setting
Enclose, specifically include：
The accompanying flying satellite of the setting quantity is according to the rule of setting, and sparse distribution is in using the main satellite in the center as the center of circle
Setting radius circular trace on.
Microwave proposed by the present invention based on satellites formation stares relevance imaging method, by the main satellite in a center and setting
The accompanying flying satellites formation of quantity forms the microwave based on satellites formation and stares relevance imaging system, and the companion of quantity is set in the system
Fly satellite according to the regular sparse distribution of setting around the main satellite in center, the random radiation source antenna array of composition setting bore.
When needing to carry out remotely sensed image to targeted imaging region, each accompanying flying satellite is random to targeted imaging region radiation microwave at the same time
Radiation field, equivalent to bigbore aerial array to targeted imaging region radiation microwave random radiation field, is then defended by center is main
Star receives whole scatter echos, and according to the scatter echo of reception, target imaging area is calculated by relevance imaging algorithm
The image in domain.Above-mentioned technical proposal obtains bigbore random radiation source antenna array, incites somebody to action by forming into columns to multiple satellites
The aerial array is applied to microwave and stares in relevance imaging, meets microwave and stares requirement of the relevance imaging to antenna aperture, from
And realize that will stare relevance imaging is imaged applied to space remote sensing, and can ensure imaging resolution.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
There is attached drawing needed in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this
The embodiment of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, can also basis
The attached drawing of offer obtains other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is that the flow that a kind of microwave based on satellites formation provided in an embodiment of the present invention stares relevance imaging method is shown
It is intended to；
Fig. 2 is accompanying flying satellite antenna structure diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the flow that another microwave based on satellites formation provided in an embodiment of the present invention stares relevance imaging method
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is provided in an embodiment of the present invention to stare relevance imaging using the microwave proposed by the present invention based on satellites formation
The image scene schematic diagram of method；
Fig. 5 is imaging model schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is accompanying flying satellite antenna gain spatial distribution schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 be it is provided in an embodiment of the present invention using traditional microwave relevance imaging method to the imaging model shown in Fig. 5 into
The image that row inverting obtains；
Fig. 8 is provided in an embodiment of the present invention to stare relevance imaging using the microwave proposed by the present invention based on satellites formation
Method carries out the imaging model shown in Fig. 5 the image that inverting obtains；
Fig. 9 is that the structure that a kind of microwave based on satellites formation provided in an embodiment of the present invention stares relevance imaging system is shown
It is intended to.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained every other without making creative work
Embodiment, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of microwave based on satellites formation to stare relevance imaging method, and this method is applied to
The microwave based on satellites formation that the embodiment of the present invention proposes stares relevance imaging system, the system by a main satellite in center and
The accompanying flying satellite for setting quantity is formed；Wherein, the accompanying flying satellite of the setting quantity according to the regular sparse distribution of setting in described
Around the main satellite in center, the random radiation source antenna array of setting bore is formed.
Specifically, since the resolution ratio of staring imaging is limited be subject to antenna aperature, traditional real aperture radar by
It is smaller in its aperture, it can not meet that satellite remote sensing is imaged the requirement to resolution ratio.Satellite is applied in order to which relevance imaging will be stared
Remotely sensed image, then will solve that antenna aperature is small, the problem of can not obtaining satisfied imaging resolution.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, satellite is carried out formation processing by the embodiment of the present invention, multi-satellite is formed into columns and is formed greatly
The aerial array of bore, the radar of relevance imaging is stared using the aerial array as microwave, so as to overcome antenna aperature is small to ask
Topic.Wherein, above-mentioned multi-satellite is respectively satellite.I.e. satellite is static relative to the earth, between each satellite
After the completion of formation, it is also opposing stationary between each other, and the quantity of satellite can be according to observation scope and accuracy requirement
And set.
When the embodiment of the present invention is formed into columns the satellite for setting quantity, a main satellite in center is set, and other satellites are then
Accompanying flying satellite as the main satellite in the center is formed into columns.The embodiment of the present invention is when forming into columns satellite, by all companions
Fly satellite to be regularly arranged on around the main satellite in center according to setting, integrate all accompanying flying satellites and form bigbore random spoke
Penetrate source antenna array.The caliber size of the aerial array, can be by adjusting the distance of each accompanying flying satellite and the main satellite in center
And adjust.In theory, the bore for the aerial array that each accompanying flying satellite is formed is bigger, and imaging resolution is higher.
A kind of optional formation mode is, the accompanying flying satellite for setting quantity is regular according to setting, sparse to be arranged in
In circular trace of the main satellite of the heart for the setting radius in the center of circle.
It is located at specifically, satellite is formed into columns by main a satellite and M positioned at Formation Center using radius as R's
The distributed accompanying flying satellite composition of random arrangement, wherein R can be, but not limited to be tens to hundreds of kilometer on circumference.The M
Accompanying flying satellite radiating antenna collectively forms a wide area, super large caliber, space sparse distribution random radiation source antenna array, m
A accompanying flying satellite radiating antenna phase centre location vector isM=1,2 ..., M, and the single receiver day of the main satellite in center
Phase of line center vector is
Based on arrangement above, since each accompanying flying satellite integrates the aerial array for forming microwave and staring relevance imaging,
When needing to carry out remotely sensed image to arbitrary target imaging region, it is necessary to which each accompanying flying satellite launches radiation field at the same time, then should
After radiation field is reflected by targeted imaging region, by the main satellite reception in center, then by the main passing of satelline relevance imaging algorithm in center,
The image of targeted imaging region is calculated.
Shown in Figure 1 based on arrangement above and explanation, the microwave based on satellites formation that the embodiment of the present invention proposes coagulates
Depending on relevance imaging method, specifically include：
S101, each accompanying flying satellite are at the same time to targeted imaging region radiation microwave random radiation field；
Specifically, the satellite formation method based on setting of the embodiment of the present invention, multiple accompanying flying satellites form big
The random radiation source antenna array of bore.When needing to stare relevance imaging to targeted imaging region progress microwave, by above-mentioned big
The random radiation source antenna array of bore to targeted imaging region radiation microwave random radiation field, equivalent to from heavy caliber radar to
Radar signal is launched in targeted imaging region, constitutes the basis that microwave stares relevance imaging.
Based on the composition of above-mentioned bigbore random radiation source antenna array, above-mentioned bigbore random radiation source antenna battle array
Arrange micro- to targeted imaging region radiation at the same time to targeted imaging region radiation microwave random radiation field, that is, each accompanying flying satellite
Ripple random radiation field.
Optionally, in another embodiment of the present invention, the antenna of the accompanying flying satellite by arranging at random in Antenna aperture
The antenna submatrix of first quantity of cloth is formed, and the antenna submatrix includes the uniform rectangular being made of the bay of the second quantity
Grid phased array；Each accompanying flying satellite controls the random additive phase of its own antenna array element, generation dynamic, time-varying, space respectively
The antenna radiation pattern of random distribution；
Specifically, as shown in Fig. 2, in embodiments of the present invention, the antenna of accompanying flying satellite is set by mutiple antennas submatrix structure
Into, and each antenna submatrix is in random arrangement in Antenna aperture, and the quantity of antenna submatrix is the first quantity, in actual implementation
During technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned first quantity can flexibly be set according to actual conditions.For each antenna
Battle array, the embodiment of the present invention set it and are made of the bay of the second quantity, and the bay of the second quantity forms uniform rectangular
Grid phased array.In actual implementation technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned second quantity can be set according to actual conditions
It is fixed.
Further, the embodiment of the present invention is also set, and accompanying flying satellite can be by controlling the random attached of its own antenna array element
Add phase, form dynamic, time-varying, the antenna radiation pattern of spatial stochastically distribution.
Specifically, accompanying flying satellite radiating antenna for an expansion, wave beam can shaped aerial array, by antenna array O-
N number of antenna submatrix of random arrangement is formed on X/Y plane, and submatrix spacing d ' is mutually differed, and meets spacing d ' >=λ, and λ is work
Wavelength；And each antenna submatrix is then a two dimensional surface uniform rectangular grid phased array antenna for including W × E array element,
Array element be equidistant d arrangement, general spacing d ＜ λ, λ are operation wavelength, then an accompanying flying satellite radiating antenna altogether comprising N × W ×
E array element.
By controlling the random additive phase of bay, above-mentioned accompanying flying satellite radiating antenna wave beam have dynamic, time-varying,
The antenna radiation pattern of spatial stochastically distribution, i.e., keep immobilizing within a pulse period, and is then between different pulses
Dynamically random change, meanwhile, it is also what is changed at random between different accompanying flying satellites.
Its implementation can be, but not limited to following methods：
(1) by l-th of the w row e arrays member of m-th of accompanying flying satellite antenna arrays, n-th of phased array antenna submatrix
The additional phase shift value of random frequency hopping pulse signal is set to：
Wherein, 1≤n≤N, w are numbering of the array element in submatrix in X-direction, w=1,2, W；E is array element in son
Numbering in battle array in Y-direction, e=1,2, E；ΔφxFor the space quadrature of adjacent array element in the X direction,ΔφyFor the space quadrature between adjacent array element in the Y direction, N-th of phased antenna submatrix of respectively m-th of accompanying flying satellite antenna is maximum
The pitch angle of beam position and azimuth；dxFor array element spacing in the X direction；dyFor array element spacing in the Y direction；For
In the random phase shift of l-th of pulse signal additional, which exists m-th of accompanying flying satellite antenna arrays, n-th of submatrix
Remained unchanged in individual pulse, and between the pulsesSelection be then to meet independent identically distributed random process,γ=2 π/λ is free space wave number, and λ is operation wavelength.
(2) in l-th of pulse, m-th accompanying flying array of satellites antenna dynamic, the far-field pattern of spatial stochastically distribution
For：
Wherein,Represent pitch angle and the azimuth of direction imaging region different target scattering point,For m-th of accompanying flying satellite
N-th of phased array submatrix antenna radiation pattern, d during l pulsexFor array element spacing in the X direction；dyBetween array element in the Y direction
Away from；；For m-th of accompanying flying satellite antenna
Array array factor, Px(n) and Py(n) for n-th of submatrix in the position of X-direction and Y-direction.
Shown in Figure 3 based on above-mentioned setting, above-mentioned each accompanying flying satellite is at the same time to target imaging in the embodiment of the present invention
The detailed process of area radiation microwave random radiation field includes：
S301, each accompanying flying satellite synchronization generate mutually orthogonal randomly pulsed phase signal；
Specifically, each each self-generating randomly pulsed phase signal of accompanying flying satellite synchronization, and the generation of each accompanying flying satellite with
Mutually orthogonal between machine pulse signal, aliasing will not occur for guarantee.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the tool of the randomly pulsed phase signal of above-mentioned each accompanying flying satellite generation is disclosed
Body form.Specifically, another embodiment of the present invention discloses, each accompanying flying satellite synchronization generates randomly pulsed phase signal, can with but
It is not limited to random chirp signal：
Wherein,For accompanying flying satellite radiating antenna phase centre location vector；fmlFor l-th of m-th accompanying flying satellite launch
The random frequency hopping signal frequency of pulse, l=1,2 ..., L, L be total transmitting pulse number, the frequency is in system transmitted bandwidth B models
Interior random selection is enclosed, τ is the pulse duration, and T is the pulse repetition period.
S302, each accompanying flying satellite are respectively according to the randomly pulsed phase signal itself generated and the antenna direction itself generated
Figure, the microwave random radiation field of generation direction targeted imaging region in antenna beam.
Specifically, the randomly pulsed phase signal of accompanying flying satellite generation is the signal that signal generator produces, the signal is by day
Propagated in space in a manner of field after line transmitting.The embodiment of the present invention is set, when the generation of accompanying flying satellite-signal generator is random
After pulse signal, when which reaches antenna to spatial emission, accompanying flying satellite is using the randomly pulsed phase signal generated as excitation, control
The signal is in the random additive phase of each array-element antenna, formation antenna radiation pattern.Finally, random arteries and veins of the accompanying flying satellite in generation
Rush under the excitation of signal, with reference to the corresponding antenna radiation pattern of generation, the generation direction targeted imaging region in antenna beam
Microwave random radiation field, that is, give off microwave random radiation field to targeted imaging region.
Specifically, by m-th of accompanying flying satellite radiating antenna wave cover observation area DmIt is divided into K mesh point, K=P
× Q, P are orientation resolution cell number, and Q is denoted as distance to resolution cell number, k-th of grid element center position vectorK=1,2, K, then observation area be expressed as
D is directed toward for direction in spacemInterior arbitrary target position vectorM-th of accompanying flying satellite antenna is in l-th of transmitting
Corresponding dynamic, the distribution of random antenna directional diagram are represented by during pulse：
Wherein, by m-th of accompanying flying satellite antenna phase centerIt is directed toward target locationPitch angle and azimuth point
It is not
M-th of accompanying flying satellite radiating antenna is under the excitation of l-th of randomly pulsed phase signal, in its wave beam observation area
DmThe interior random radiation field distribution for radiating formation represents as follows：
WhereinFor by positioned atM-th of accompanying flying satellite antenna transmit signals to position vectorThe propagation delay at place, wherein c represent the light velocity.
Set in another embodiment of the present invention, the direction target that each accompanying flying satellite generates in antenna beam into
As region microwave random radiation field by partly overlap in a manner of coverage goal imaging region.
Specifically, in embodiments of the present invention, the microwave random radiation field that all accompanying flying satellites generate in antenna beam
Whole targeted imaging region is covered in a manner of wave beam overlaps, linear superposition is overlapped by the part of radiation field, common structure is more
Total random radiation field of strong randomness.
Super large caliber, the random radiation source antenna array of space sparse distribution of accompanying flying satellites formation composition, due to larger
Interstellar distance, its wave cover mode collectively covers that mode is different, and all satellite antennas are using wave beam friendship from traditional multi-beam
Folded mode completes the covering of overall imaging region, above-mentioned M accompanying flying satellite antenna beam coverage area D jointlyMBetween adjacent
It is overlapping to there is part, not fully overlaps, is collectively forming one integral into as observation area D, that is, meets formula：
D=D1∪D2∪....Dm...∪DM
For 1≤j ≠ m≤M, any DmAll there are DjSo that
The entirety observation area D is divided into a mesh points of K ', K '=P ' × Q ', P ' they are orientation resolution cell number,
Q ' is denoted as distance to resolution cell number, kth ' a grid element center position vectorK '=1,2, K ',
Its target backscattering coefficient isThen observation area D is represented by：
Under wave beam overlapped coverage pattern, in overall imaging region D, the accompanying flying satellites formation space sparse distribution
Random radiation array antenna is under the excitation of l-th of randomly pulsed phase signal, all spaceborne with reference to the antenna radiation pattern of dynamic time-varying
Antenna forms radiation field and carries out linear superposition in a manner of partly overlapping, and constructs the total random of the whole imaging region of covering jointly
Radiation field distribution, calculation formula represent as follows：
WhereinFor antenna beam covering position vectorIt is all
Accompanying flying satellite set.
The step S102 in the embodiment of the method shown in step S303 corresponding diagrams 1 in embodiment shown in above-mentioned Fig. 3, its
The content of particular content embodiment of the method shown in Figure 1, details are not described herein again.
All microwave random radiation field actions of S102, the main satellite reception in the center are behind the targeted imaging region
Whole scatter echos, and according to the scatter echo received, by relevance imaging algorithm, the targeted imaging region is calculated
Image.
Specifically, the microwave random radiation field of each accompanying flying satellite radiation reaches targeted imaging region, act on target into
As behind region, it may occur that scattering, produces scatter echo.At this time, the main satellite reception whole scatter echo in center, then according to being connect
The scatter echo of receipts, builds microwave with the modified total random radiation field observing matrix of accompanying flying satellite and stares and be associated to image space jointly
Journey, finally by relevance imaging algorithm, is finally inversed by the image of targeted imaging region.
The microwave random radiation field by the radiation of each accompanying flying satellite of above-mentioned introduction, which reaches targeted imaging region D and produces, to be dissipated
After being emitted back towards ripple, positioned at satellite Formation Center positionMain satellite broad beam receiver antenna receive come from the area of observation coverage
Whole scatter echos of domain D, can be expressed as：
Consider from radiating antenna to target, the radiation field round trip communication process of reception antenna again, define modified total random
Radiation fieldIt is expressed as：
The scatter echo signal observed samples moment for defining l-th of randomly pulsed phase signal is tl, then L randomly pulsed phase signal
One-dimensional scattering echo matrix vector beSeparately define the whole area of observation coverage
Target one-dimensional backscattering coefficient matrix-vector in domain isThen for entirely into
As region, the matrix equation of relevance imaging are as follows：
I.e. remote sensing of the earth microwave stare relevance imaging equation matrix vector form it is as follows：
Esca=Erad·σ
Using accompanying flying satellite formed can preset space-time random radiation field observing matrix EradWith being scattered back for main satellite reception
Ripple Esca, by association process algorithm, so as to draw the object inversion image of overall observation area DSuch as following formula：
Wherein,For the operator of relevance imaging algorithm, including：Direct single order field strength association, Pseudoinverse algorithm, sparse pattra leaves
This learning algorithm, TSVD regularization algorithms, Tikhonov regularization algorithms etc..
Based on above-mentioned introduction as it can be seen that the microwave based on satellites formation that the embodiment of the present invention proposes is stared and is associated to image space
Method, forms the microwave based on satellites formation by the accompanying flying satellites formation of a main satellite in center and setting quantity and stares relevance imaging
System, the accompanying flying satellite of quantity is set in the system according to the regular sparse distribution of setting around the main satellite in center, forms setting
The random radiation source antenna array of bore.When needing to carry out remotely sensed image to targeted imaging region, each accompanying flying satellite is at the same time
To targeted imaging region radiation microwave random radiation field, microwave is radiated to targeted imaging region equivalent to bigbore aerial array
Random radiation field, then by the scatter echo of the main satellite reception whole in center, and according to the scatter echo of reception, by being associated to
As the image of targeted imaging region is calculated in algorithm.Above-mentioned technical proposal obtains big mouth by forming into columns to multiple satellites
The random radiation source antenna array in footpath, is applied to microwave by the aerial array and stares in relevance imaging, meets microwave and stares pass
It is unified into as the requirement to radar bore, is imaged so as to fulfill relevance imaging will be stared applied to space remote sensing, and can ensure
Imaging resolution.
For the beneficial effect of vivider explanation technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, this hair is used with example explanation below
Bright embodiment technical solution obtains the effect of the image of targeted imaging region.
Image scene is as shown in figure 4, all accompanying flying satellite antennas collectively form super large caliber, space sparse distribution
Random radiation source antenna array, the mutually orthogonal randomly pulsed phase signal of synchrotron radiation, accompanying flying satellite antenna structure as shown in Fig. 2,
Simulation objectives model is as shown in figure 5, systematic parameter is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
| Systematic parameter | Parameter setting |
| Platform distance | 35786km |
| Imaging strabismus angle | 4 degree |
| Flying around satellite number | 8 |
| Echo signal-to-noise ratio | 25dB |
| Grid spacing ρa=ρr | 100m |
| Launch signal form | Random frequency hopping |
| Launch signal pulse interval | Tp=2us |
| Signal frequency hopping bandwidth | 1GHz |
| Launch signal carrier frequency | 10GHz |
According to described in technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the array element by controlling accompanying flying satellite radiating antenna adds phase at random
Position, can form dynamic, random antenna gain spatial distribution in its wave beam, as shown in fig. 6, due in two different pulses
Between array element added phase shift it is different, the shown two dimensional gain spatial distribution formed in its beam coverage area is between different pulses
It is dynamically to change at random.
Under the conditions of identical simulation parameter, simulation comparison experiment is carried out, is only made for traditional microwave relevance imaging method
With the mode of the antenna array construction radiation field of radiation random signal, the results are shown in Figure 7 for its obtained object inversion；It is and of the invention
Being radiated using random signal of it is proposed, dynamic, spatial stochastically distribution antenna radiation pattern and wave beam cover three's phase by the way of overlapping
The mode of combined structure random radiation field, the results are shown in Figure 8 for obtained object inversion；From contrast as can be seen that institute of the present invention
The method stated obtains object inversion imaging results better quality, so that demonstrate the present invention stares high-resolution in remote sensing of the earth microwave
Advantage is had more in terms of imaging.
The theoretical resolution of the existing real aperture antenna staring imaging technology of tradition is determined by antenna aperature size, according to what is provided
Simulation parameter, its imaging resolution are about 200m, and method proposed by the present invention can be realized to target under 100m sizing grids
The successful inverting of image, breaches the resolution limit of traditional real aperture imaging.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a kind of microwave based on satellites formation to stare relevance imaging system, as shown in figure 9,
The system includes：
The accompanying flying satellite 110 of the main satellite 100 in one center and setting quantity；
Wherein, the accompanying flying satellite 110 of the setting quantity according to the regular sparse distribution of setting in the main satellite 100 in the center
Around, form the random radiation source antenna array for setting bore；It is described setting quantity accompanying flying satellite, at the same time to target into
As area radiation microwave random radiation field；
The main satellite 100 in center, for receiving all microwave random radiation field actions in the targeted imaging region
Whole scatter echos afterwards, and according to the scatter echo received, by relevance imaging algorithm, the target imaging is calculated
The image in region.
Wherein, the antenna of the accompanying flying satellite 110 by the first quantity in Antenna aperture random arrangement antenna submatrix structure
Into the antenna submatrix includes the uniform rectangular grid phased array antenna being made of the bay of the second quantity；The accompanying flying
Satellite is additionally operable to the random additive phase by controlling its own antenna array element, generation dynamic, time-varying, the antenna of spatial stochastically distribution
Directional diagram；
When each accompanying flying satellite 110 radiates microwave random radiation field to targeted imaging region at the same time, it is specifically used for：
Each accompanying flying satellite 110 is synchronous to generate mutually orthogonal randomly pulsed phase signal；
Each accompanying flying satellite 110 is respectively according to the randomly pulsed phase signal itself generated and the antenna direction itself generated
Figure, the microwave random radiation field of generation direction targeted imaging region in antenna beam.
Wherein, the microwave for the direction targeted imaging region that each accompanying flying satellite 110 generates in antenna beam is random
Radiation field covers the targeted imaging region in a manner of partly overlapping.
Optionally, in another embodiment of the present invention, each accompanying flying satellite 110 it is synchronous generate it is mutually orthogonal random
During pulse signal, it is specifically used for：
Each accompanying flying satellite 110 is synchronous to generate mutually orthogonal random frequency hopping pulse signal.
Optionally, in another embodiment of the present invention, the accompanying flying satellite 110 of the setting quantity is according to setting rule
Sparse distribution specifically includes around the main satellite 100 in the center：
The accompanying flying satellite 110 of the setting quantity is according to the rule of setting, and sparse distribution is in the main satellite 100 in the center
In circular trace for the setting radius in the center of circle.
Specifically, the specific works content of the main satellite 100 of above-mentioned each accompanying flying satellite 110 and center, refers to above-mentioned side
The content of method embodiment, details are not described herein again.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments, enables professional and technical personnel in the field to realize or use the present invention.
A variety of modifications to these embodiments will be apparent for those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, it is of the invention
The embodiments shown herein is not intended to be limited to, and is to fit to and the principles and novel features disclosed herein phase one
The most wide scope caused.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of microwave based on satellites formation stares relevance imaging method, it is characterised in that applied to based on satellites formation
Microwave stares relevance imaging system, which is made of the accompanying flying satellite of a main satellite in center and setting quantity；Wherein, it is described
The accompanying flying satellite of quantity is set according to regular sparse distribution is set around the main satellite in the center, forms the random of setting bore
Radiation source aerial array；This method includes：
Each accompanying flying satellite is at the same time to targeted imaging region radiation microwave random radiation field；
Whole scatterings of all microwave random radiation field actions of the main satellite reception in center behind the targeted imaging region
Echo, and according to the scatter echo received, by relevance imaging algorithm, is calculated the image of the targeted imaging region.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, it is described setting quantity accompanying flying satellite according to setting rule
Sparse distribution around the main satellite in the center, including：
The accompanying flying satellite of the setting quantity is according to the rule of setting, and sparse distribution is in using the main satellite in the center setting as the center of circle
Determine in the circular trace of radius.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the antenna of the accompanying flying satellite by arranging at random in Antenna aperture
The antenna submatrix of first quantity of cloth is formed, and the antenna submatrix includes the uniform rectangular being made of the bay of the second quantity
Grid phased array antenna；The accompanying flying satellite can by controlling the random additive phase of its own antenna array element, generation dynamic, when
Become, the antenna radiation pattern of spatial stochastically distribution；
Each accompanying flying satellite radiates microwave random radiation field to targeted imaging region at the same time, including：
Each accompanying flying satellite synchronization generates mutually orthogonal randomly pulsed phase signal；
Each accompanying flying satellite is respectively according to the randomly pulsed phase signal itself generated and the antenna radiation pattern itself generated, in antenna
The microwave random radiation field of targeted imaging region is directed toward in generation in wave beam.
4. the according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, finger that each accompanying flying satellite generates in antenna beam
To the microwave random radiation field of targeted imaging region the targeted imaging region is covered in a manner of partly overlapping.
5. the method according to claim 3 or 4, it is characterised in that each accompanying flying satellite synchronization generation is mutually orthogonal
Randomly pulsed phase signal, including：
Each accompanying flying satellite synchronization generates mutually orthogonal random frequency hopping pulse signal.
6. a kind of microwave based on satellites formation stares relevance imaging system, it is characterised in that including：
The accompanying flying satellite of one main satellite in center and setting quantity；
Wherein, the accompanying flying satellite of the setting quantity is formed according to the regular sparse distribution of setting around the main satellite in the center
Set the random radiation source antenna array of bore；The accompanying flying satellite of the setting quantity, at the same time to targeted imaging region spoke
Penetrate microwave random radiation field；
The main satellite in center, for receiving whole of all microwave random radiation field actions behind the targeted imaging region
Scatter echo, and according to the scatter echo received, by relevance imaging algorithm, is calculated the figure of the targeted imaging region
Picture.
7. system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the accompanying flying satellite of the setting quantity is dilute according to setting rule
Dredge and be distributed in around the main satellite in the center, specifically include：
The accompanying flying satellite of the setting quantity is according to the rule of setting, and sparse distribution is in using the main satellite in the center setting as the center of circle
Determine in the circular trace of radius.
8. system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the antenna of the accompanying flying satellite by arranging at random in Antenna aperture
The antenna submatrix of first quantity of cloth is formed, and the antenna submatrix includes the uniform rectangular being made of the bay of the second quantity
Grid phased array antenna；The accompanying flying satellite is additionally operable to the random additive phase by controlling its own antenna array element, generation dynamic,
The antenna radiation pattern of time-varying, spatial stochastically distribution；
When each accompanying flying satellite radiates microwave random radiation field to targeted imaging region at the same time, it is specifically used for：
Each accompanying flying satellite synchronization generates mutually orthogonal randomly pulsed phase signal；
Each accompanying flying satellite is respectively according to the randomly pulsed phase signal itself generated and the antenna radiation pattern itself generated, in antenna
The microwave random radiation field of targeted imaging region is directed toward in generation in wave beam.
9. system according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the finger that each accompanying flying satellite generates in antenna beam
To the microwave random radiation field of targeted imaging region the targeted imaging region is covered in a manner of partly overlapping.
10. system according to claim 8 or claim 9, it is characterised in that the generation of each accompanying flying satellite synchronization it is mutually orthogonal with
During machine pulse signal, it is specifically used for：
Each accompanying flying satellite synchronization generates mutually orthogonal random frequency hopping pulse signal.
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