CN108005643B - 胶囊充油承压式声波测井仪注油量计算方法 - Google Patents
胶囊充油承压式声波测井仪注油量计算方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于石油测井领域,具体涉及一种胶囊充油承压式声波测井仪注油量计算方法。
背景技术
石油井下测井仪器多工作在高温高压的恶劣环境下,所以在仪器设计之初,研发人员除了要考虑温度的因素外,还要考虑仪器的耐高压力性能。大部分井下仪器可以采用高强度的密封承压舱来隔绝压力,但是某些特殊仪器,它需要探测器与被测介质充分耦合才能得到最佳测量效果,譬如声波类测井仪器。声波测井仪器工作时需要保证换能器与井下液体充分耦合,目前采用的方法是将声系放置于耐高温的密封胶囊中并注入绝缘承压油液,如此一来,既实现了声波换能器与井下液体的耦合,也保证了仪器在井中高压力环境下的内外压力平衡,使仪器具备了耐高压力性能。
胶囊虽具有很好弹性,但是机械强度很弱,仪器在井下工作时与井壁的碰撞无法避免,因此在胶囊外部会套上一个高强度的金属外壳,并在正对声波换能器处开声窗,由于要抑制和衰减声波沿仪器金属外壳的传播,在声系金属外壳上会横向多处开槽。在声系金属外壳上开出声窗和开槽会造成的隐患是:仪器在井下工作时,井中的岩屑很容易由开出的声窗和槽处进入,并夹在金属外壳和胶囊之间,这样一来,由于井下温度升高,绝缘承压油液的热膨胀可能会造成胶囊体积的过度膨胀,虽然在井下高压力的作用下,胶囊体积会有一定的收缩,但是却无法抵消其膨胀量,到一定程度,夹在金属外壳和胶囊之间的岩屑会刺破胶囊,造成油井中的液体进入胶囊内部,最终可能会导致声系甚至电路的损坏。
声波测井仪器在上井前要对声系做维护和保养,而以前的做法只是简单的将胶囊内完全充满绝缘承压油液,而不会定量计算实际注油的量。目前并未检索到涉及根据不同油区地层环境对仪器声系注油量进行相应调整的相关文献。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种胶囊充油承压式声波测井仪注油量计算方法,提供定量计算仪器注油量的计算方法,能依据不同油区地质参数定量计算并调整注油量,防止胶囊过度膨胀,从而提高了仪器的可靠性。
为此,本发明的技术方案如下:
一种胶囊充油承压式声波测井仪注油量计算方法,包括如下步骤:
1)分别获取地层参数、胶囊内使用的油液参数;
所述地层参数包括:地层温度梯度、地层压力梯度、地表恒温带深度、地表恒温带温度;
所述油液参数包括:油液体积热膨胀系数和油液体积弹性模量;
2)利用如下公式计算在特定地层深度,胶囊内使用的油液的体积变化率;
其中,α-油液体积热膨胀系数,m3/℃;Gt-地层温度梯度,℃/m;h-计算点垂深,m;tc-地表恒温带温度,℃;t0-室温,℃;h0-地表恒温带深度,m;Gp-地层压力梯度,MPa/m;P0为一个大气压;k-油液体积弹性模量,MPa;ΔVt,P-油液在深度为h时的体积相对于在t0,P0条件下的体积的相对变化率,%;
3)在室温、一个大气压下,胶囊内能容纳油液的体积为V0,则应注油量为V0·(1-ΔVt,P)。
早期的胶囊充油承压式声波测井仪器在出仪修车间前,仪修人员会将胶囊内充上绝缘承压油液,以完全充满为标准,而不会定量计算实际注油液的量。实际上,由于不同油区的地层温度梯度和地层压力梯度存在较大差异,油液在井下高温下的体积热胀量和高压力的体积压缩量很难达到相对平衡,由此可能会造成胶囊过度膨胀而被岩屑刺破,从而导致仪器损坏。本发明提供定量计算仪器注油量的方法,可根据不同油区的地质参数定量计算并调整注油量,防止胶囊过度膨胀,从而提高了仪器的可靠性。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细描述。
实施例1
测井地区:大港地区的油田
1)经调研,该油区地层温度梯度Gt=0.040℃/m;地层压力梯度Gp=0.013MPa/m;某油井最大深度h=4000m;地表恒温带深度h0=30m;地表恒温带温度tc=15℃。
胶囊内使用的油液的体积弹性模量k=1508MPa、体积热膨胀系数α=0.00085m3/℃;
2)取室温t0=20℃,一个大气压P0=0.1MPa,h=4000m,代入以下公式
得到在h=4000m时,ΔVt,P=9.63%。
3)该测井仪在室温t0=20℃,一个大气压P0=0.1MPa下,胶囊能充满体积为V0=10L的油液,则胶囊内应注油量为V0·(1-ΔVt,P)=9.037L。
实施例2
测井地区:新疆阿克苏地区
1)经调研,该油区地层温度梯度Gt=0.022℃/m;地层压力梯度Gp=0.015MPa/m;某油井最大深度h=8000m;地表恒温带深度h0=30m;地表恒温带温度tc=15℃。
胶囊内使用的油液的体积弹性模量k=1508MPa、体积热膨胀系数α=0.00085m3/℃;
2)取室温t0=20℃,一个大气压P0=0.1MPa,h=8000m,代入以下公式
得到在h=8000m时,ΔVt,P=6.53%。
3)该测井仪在室温t0=20℃,一个大气压P0=0.1MPa下,胶囊能充满体积为V0=10L的油液,则胶囊内应注油量为V0·(1-ΔVt,P)=9.347L。
Claims (1)
1.一种胶囊充油承压式声波测井仪注油量计算方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
1)分别获取地层参数、胶囊内使用的油液参数;
所述地层参数包括:地层温度梯度、地层压力梯度、地表恒温带深度、地表恒温带温度;
所述油液参数包括:油液体积热膨胀系数和油液体积弹性模量;
2)利用如下公式计算在特定地层深度,胶囊内使用的油液的体积变化率;
其中,α-油液体积热膨胀系数,m3/℃;Gt-地层温度梯度,℃/m;h-计算点垂深,m;tc-地表恒温带温度,℃;t0-室温,℃;h0-地表恒温带深度,m;Gp-地层压力梯度,MPa/m;P0为一个大气压;k-油液体积弹性模量,MPa;ΔVt,P-油液在深度为h时的体积相对于在t0,P0条件下的体积的相对变化率,%;
3)在室温、一个大气压下,胶囊内能容纳油液的体积为V0,则应注油量为V0·(1-ΔVt,P)。
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CN200993010Y (zh) * | 2006-12-29 | 2007-12-19 | 大港油田集团有限责任公司 | 声波测井仪器声系连接装置 |
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CN104213912A (zh) * | 2013-05-31 | 2014-12-17 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种具有隔声结构的随钻声波探头 |
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CN1966934A (zh) * | 2005-11-16 | 2007-05-23 | 中国石油大学(北京) | 一种随钻预测钻头底下地层坍塌压力和破裂压力的方法 |
CN200993010Y (zh) * | 2006-12-29 | 2007-12-19 | 大港油田集团有限责任公司 | 声波测井仪器声系连接装置 |
CN201367897Y (zh) * | 2009-03-06 | 2009-12-23 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | 液压油体积压缩系数测试装置 |
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