CN108004759B - Polyester material recycling and surface treatment method by utilizing laser - Google Patents
Polyester material recycling and surface treatment method by utilizing laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN108004759B CN108004759B CN201711394583.0A CN201711394583A CN108004759B CN 108004759 B CN108004759 B CN 108004759B CN 201711394583 A CN201711394583 A CN 201711394583A CN 108004759 B CN108004759 B CN 108004759B
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
- D06M10/005—Laser beam treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
- C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
- C08J11/10—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
- C08J11/18—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with organic material
- C08J11/22—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with organic material by treatment with organic oxygen-containing compounds
- C08J11/24—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with organic material by treatment with organic oxygen-containing compounds containing hydroxyl groups
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/78—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products
- D01F6/84—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products from copolyesters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2367/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M2101/32—Polyesters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of polymeric materials, and solves the problems of high energy consumption and poor physical properties of the conventional recycled polyester. Provides a polyester material recycling and surface treatment method by using laser, which comprises the following steps: putting the recycled polyester material and EG into an alcoholysis kettle for alcoholysis to obtain an alcoholysis product, wherein the weight ratio of the polyester material to the EG is 1: 1.0-2.0; adding methanol into the alcoholysis product to perform transesterification reaction to obtain a transesterification product; cooling the ester exchange product to separate out DMT crystal, and filtering to obtain DMT filter cake; extracting DMT; spinning: preparing graphene/polyester fibers by a composite spinning process; laser processing: and generating laser beams by a laser generator, heating the moving surface of the graphene/polyester fiber, and gasifying the polyester on the surface layer of the graphene/polyester fiber irradiated by the laser beams. The method can reduce the energy consumption for polyester recovery and improve the performance of graphene in the graphene/polyester fiber.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of polymeric materials, in particular to a method for recycling polyester materials and performing surface treatment by utilizing laser.
Background
Polyester (polyethylene terephthalate, PET) is a synthetic fiber material with the largest yield, and is widely applied to products such as fibers, textile fabrics, clothes, polyester bottles, films, sheets and the like. Based on the demands of environmental awareness for enhancement, resource saving and sustainability, how to treat leftover materials generated in the manufacture of polyester products and waste after the use of the polyester products becomes a problem to be solved urgently, and the recycling of waste polymers becomes a green textile development direction.
The existing recovery method of waste polyester mainly comprises physical recovery and chemical recovery. The physical recovery method is simpler and more economical, but the performance of the regenerated product is poor. One important direction of chemical recovery is to alcoholyze the waste polyester with Ethylene Glycol (EG) to produce dihydroxy terephthalate (BHET) or oligomers, then perform transesterification in methanol to produce dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and ethylene glycol, and obtain pure DMT by purification for use as raw material in polyester production, while methanol and ethylene glycol are purified and recycled for use in the reaction system, thereby realizing the recycling of the waste polyester.
In the prior art, the amount of EG used for alcoholysis is large in the process of preparing DMT from waste polyester, ester exchange reaction is well performed after alcoholysis, a distillation and concentration process is needed, energy consumption is increased, and concentration equipment is needed.
The recycled polyester has the characteristics of smaller molecular weight and mechanical property which is not similar to that of the common polyester, so that the application range of the recycled polyester is enlarged, and the problem of how to improve the physical properties of the recycled polyester or the spinning products thereof becomes a problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, a polyester material recycling processing method is needed to be provided for solving the problems of high energy consumption and poor physical properties of the existing recycled polyester.
In order to achieve the above object, the inventors provide a method for recycling polyester material and performing surface treatment by using laser, comprising the following steps:
putting the recycled polyester material and EG into an alcoholysis kettle for alcoholysis to obtain an alcoholysis product, wherein the temperature of alcoholysis is 170-200 ℃, and the weight ratio of the polyester material to EG is 1: 1.0-2.0;
adding methanol into the alcoholysate, and carrying out ester exchange reaction under the action of a catalyst to obtain an ester exchange product, wherein the temperature of the ester exchange reaction is 60-80 ℃, and the reaction time is 1-3 h;
crude extraction: cooling the ester exchange product to separate out DMT crystal, and filtering to obtain DMT filter cake;
fine extraction: rectifying and purifying the DMT filter cake to obtain pure DMT;
spinning: preparing the pure DMT into graphene/polyester fibers by a composite spinning process;
laser processing: generating a laser beam by a laser generator, wherein the diameter of the laser beam is smaller than that of the graphene/polyester fiber, drawing the graphene/polyester fiber to move, and heating the moving surface of the graphene/polyester fiber by the laser beam to gasify polyester on the surface layer of the graphene/polyester fiber irradiated by the laser beam.
Further, the temperature of the laser beam is 250 to 300 ℃.
Further, during the laser processing, the moving speed of the graphene/polyester fiber is 0.3 to 0.5 m/s, and the traction force applied to the graphene/polyester fiber during moving is 15 to 20N.
Further, the preparation of the graphene/polyester fiber by the composite spinning process comprises the following steps:
preparing graphene master batches;
slicing and melting the graphene master batch and the pure DMT or preparing a spinning melt through continuous polymerization;
extruding the spinning melt through a spinneret orifice to form a melt trickle;
cooling and solidifying the melt trickle to form nascent fiber;
and winding the primary fiber to form the graphene/polyester fiber.
Furthermore, in the alcoholysis process, the weight ratio of the recycled polyester material to EG is 1: 1.0-1.5, and potassium carbonate and zinc acetate are used for catalysis in the alcoholysis process.
Further, the catalyst used in the alcoholysis process is present in an amount of from 0.3 to 3.0% by weight of the polyester material.
Further, before the ester exchange reaction, the method also comprises the following steps: and filtering the alcoholysis product by using a filter at the temperature of 130-180 ℃ to remove solid impurities in the alcoholysis product.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme has the advantages that by optimizing the amount of EG in the alcoholysis process, after alcoholysis is finished, a distillation and concentration step is not needed, and alcoholysis products directly perform ester exchange reaction with methanol to produce pure DMT products, so that the recovery energy consumption is reduced; the laser beam generated by the laser generator can gasify the polyester component on the surface of the graphene/polyester fiber, and simultaneously, because the melting point of functional components such as graphene is high enough and cannot be gasified, more functional components are exposed on the surface of the graphene/polyester fiber, and the performance of the functional component graphene in the graphene/polyester fiber is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for recycling a polyester material according to an embodiment.
Description of reference numerals:
description of reference numerals:
1: an alcoholysis kettle; 2: an alcoholysis kettle stirrer; 3: a rectifying tower; 4: a tower top condenser;
5: an EG storage tank; 6: an alcoholysis catalyst storage tank; 7: a waste polyester hopper;
8: a screw extruder; 9: a filter; 10: an alcoholysis kettle stirring motor;
11: a screw extruder speed controller; 12: an EG metering pump; 13: a catalyst metering pump;
14: an alcoholysate melt conveying metering pump;
15: a rotational speed regulator; 16: a melt filter;
17: an alcoholysis kettle liquid level meter;
21: an ester exchange kettle; 22: a transesterification tank stirrer; 23: a rectifying tower;
24: a tower top condenser; 25: a methanol storage tank; 26: a transesterification catalyst storage tank;
27: an ester exchange kettle motor; 28: a methanol metering pump; 29: a transesterification catalyst metering pump;
30: a level meter of the ester exchange kettle; 31: a crude DMT intermediate storage tank; 32: a stirrer;
33: a stirring motor; 34: a filter; 35: adjusting a valve; 36: adjusting a valve;
37: an alcoholysis kettle heating jacket; 38: a heating jacket outside the ester exchange kettle;
39: a cooling water jacket;
Detailed Description
To explain technical contents, structural features, and objects and effects of the technical solutions in detail, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the embodiments.
Noun interpretation
DMT: dimethyl phthalate;
EG: ethylene glycol;
example one
A polyester material recycling and surface treatment method by utilizing laser comprises the following steps:
alcoholysis: 100g waste polyester, 180gEG g potassium carbonate and 2.7g potassium carbonate are put into an alcoholysis kettle, the air is replaced by nitrogen, the temperature is raised to 200 ℃ and alcoholysis is carried out for 3.0 h.
Impurity removal: and cooling the alcoholysis product to 170 ℃, and filtering by using a 100-mesh filter to remove solid impurities. The solid impurities are washed by hot EG90g at 170 ℃, and the washed EG is returned to the alcoholysis kettle for alcoholysis of the next batch of waste polyester.
Exchange reaction: adding methanol 180g and potassium carbonate 2.7g into the alcoholysis product, maintaining the temperature at 75 deg.C, and reacting for 1.0 hr.
Crude extraction: the temperature of the ester exchange product is reduced to 40 ℃, and DMT is crystallized and separated out. Crude DMT filter cake was obtained by vacuum filtration and washed with methanol to obtain DMT filter cake.
Fine extraction: the DMT filter cake is purified by a short-flow rectification system under the vacuum of 6.65Kpa and at the temperature of 200 ℃ to obtain the pure DMT with the weight of 77g and the purity of 95.3 percent.
In various examples, the above polyester material recovery procedure was repeated with modifications to the weight ratio of EG to polyester, and the data obtained are shown in the following table:
by optimizing the consumption of EG in the alcoholysis process, a distillation and concentration step is not needed after alcoholysis is finished, and alcoholysis products directly perform ester exchange reaction with methanol to produce pure DMT products.
Spinning: and preparing the graphene/polyester fiber from the pure DMT through a composite spinning process.
The preparation of the graphene/polyester fiber by the composite spinning process comprises the following steps:
preparing graphene master batches in a first step, and producing graphene/polyester fibers in a second step through melt spinning, wherein the content of graphene in the graphene master batches and the content of recovered polyester (pure DMT) are 0.01-30%.
The melt spinning comprises the following steps:
①, preparing a spinning melt, and slicing and melting the graphene master batch and the pure DMT or preparing the spinning melt through continuous polymerization;
② extruding the melt through the spinneret holes to form melt streams;
③ cooling and solidifying the melt trickle to form primary fiber;
④ the primary fiber is oiled and wound to form graphene/polyester fiber.
Preferably, some chain extenders, such as epoxy resin, can be added to the spinning solution to improve the molecular weight and the mechanical properties of spinning.
The prepared fiber has high strength, and through test and research, the fiber has multiple functions of high flame retardance, permanent antibacterial property, antistatic property and the like, and can be applied to the field of textile fabrics requiring high strength and functionality.
Laser processing: the method comprises the steps of adding a laser generator to a position with relatively thick filaments at the front end of spinning of graphene/polyester fibers before winding after spinning, wherein the filaments are drawn in the spinning process, so that the filaments are gradually changed from the spinning end to the drawing end, changing laser parameters, enabling the size of the laser beam not to exceed the diameter of the fibers, enabling the laser beam to be aligned to one point of the fibers or multiple laser beams to be aligned to multiple points of the fibers, enabling the laser beam and the surfaces of the filaments to relatively move due to the fact that the filaments are drawn and moved, and enabling the laser beam to rapidly and locally heat different positions on the surfaces of the filaments to enable polyester on the surface layers directly irradiated by the laser beam to be gasified. Meanwhile, the melting point of graphene is high enough, so that the laser beam has no effect on the graphene, and the graphene in the graphene/polyester fiber is exposed to the environment.
In the prior art, graphene components in graphene/polyester fibers are mainly contained in terylene, and functional components of the graphene/polyester fibers cannot be fully exposed in the environment, so that the functionality of the graphene/polyester fibers cannot be fully embodied. In order to improve the graphene functionality of the graphene/polyester fiber, the melting point of the graphene can be fully utilized to be higher than that of polyester, the surface of the graphene/polyester fiber is subjected to heating treatment by using laser beams, polyester is removed, the graphene can be kept at the same time, the graphene has a larger area and a larger probability of exposing the fiber, and the functionality of the graphene/polyester fiber is improved.
After the laser treatment, the polyester is stretched due to the continuous drawing of the fiber, and the area of the graphene directly exposed to the environment is further increased due to the functionality of the graphene, but the functionality of the graphene/polyester is improved. Meanwhile, due to the fact that the surface of the fiber is deformed, more gaps and concave-convex exist, and capillary benefits are easily formed, so that the moisture absorption and sweat releasing performance of the graphene/polyester fiber is improved. Because the protrusions and roughness on the surface of the fiber will make the fabric made of graphene/polyester fiber have a hemp hand.
Referring to fig. 1, the apparatus used in the recycling process of the polyester material in the above embodiment is shown. The apparatus comprises: alcoholysis cauldron 1, screw extruder 8, EG storage tank 5 and alcoholysis catalyst storage tank 6, be provided with alcoholysis cauldron heating jacket 37 on the outer wall of alcoholysis cauldron 1, it makes the interior temperature rise of alcoholysis cauldron 1 reach the alcoholysis temperature of setting. The top of the alcoholysis kettle 1 is communicated with a rectifying tower 3 through a pipeline, a tower top condenser 4 is arranged at the top of the rectifying tower 3, the temperature of liquid in the alcoholysis kettle 1 rises after the alcoholysis kettle heating jacket 37 is heated, and the evaporated EG condensation reflux is realized through the rectifying tower 3 and the tower top condenser 4. The lateral wall of alcoholysis cauldron 1 is provided with alcoholysis cauldron level gauge 17, and alcoholysis cauldron level gauge 17 is electron level sensor for detect the liquid level height in the alcoholysis cauldron. The signal output end of the alcoholysis kettle liquid level meter 17 is connected to the EG metering pump 12, the catalyst metering pump 13 and the screw extruder speed controller 11, and the EG metering pump 12, the catalyst metering pump 13 and the screw extruder speed controller 11 control the rotating speed according to the liquid level height detected by the alcoholysis kettle liquid level meter 17. And an alcoholysis kettle stirring motor 10 and an alcoholysis kettle stirrer 2 are arranged in the middle of the alcoholysis kettle 1. The full reaction effect is achieved by stirring the original material, the newly-fed EG and the catalyst; the screw extruder 8, the EG storage tank 5 and the alcoholysis catalyst storage tank 6 are respectively connected with the alcoholysis kettle 1 through pipelines; the discharge end of the screw extruder 8 is provided with a filter 9, and the filter 9 is mainly used for filtering materials. The top of the screw extruder 8 is provided with a waste polyester hopper 7 for containing materials to be treated; the EG storage tank 5 and the alcoholysis catalyst storage tank 6 are respectively connected with an EG metering pump 12 and a catalyst metering pump 13 through pipelines, and EG in the EG storage tank 5 and catalyst in the alcoholysis catalyst storage tank 6 are respectively conveyed into the alcoholysis kettle 1 through the EG metering pump 12 and the catalyst metering pump 13.
The ester exchange apparatus comprises: the device comprises an ester exchange kettle 21, a methanol storage tank 25 and an ester exchange catalyst storage tank 26, wherein the ester exchange kettle 21 is connected with an alcoholysate melting and conveying metering pump 14 and a melting and conveying metering pump rotating speed regulator 15 through pipelines, an alcoholysate is continuously conveyed into the ester exchange kettle 21 through the alcoholysate melting and conveying metering pump 14, and the rotating speed of the alcoholysate melting and conveying metering pump 14 is controlled by the rotating speed regulator 15; the transesterification tank 21 is connected to the melt filter 16 by a pipe, and the melt filter 16 performs a filtering function. An ester exchange kettle external heating jacket 38 is arranged on the outer wall of the ester exchange kettle 21, and the temperature in the ester exchange kettle 21 is realized by introducing a heat source medium through the ester exchange kettle external heating jacket 38 and controlling the amount of the heat source medium. The top of the ester exchange kettle 21 is communicated with a rectifying tower 23 through a pipeline, the top of the rectifying tower 23 is provided with a tower top condenser 24, after the heating jacket 38 outside the kettle is used for heating, the temperature of liquid in the ester exchange kettle 21 is raised, part of methanol is heated and evaporated, and methanol condensation reflux is realized through the rectifying tower 23 and the tower top condenser 24. The side wall of the ester exchange kettle 21 is provided with an ester exchange kettle liquid level meter 30, the ester exchange kettle liquid level meter 30 is an electronic liquid level sensor, the output end of the ester exchange kettle liquid level meter 30 is electrically connected with a rotating speed regulator 15, a methanol metering pump 28 and an ester exchange catalyst metering pump 29, and the rotating speed regulator 15, the methanol metering pump 28 and the ester exchange catalyst metering pump 29 control the rotating speed according to the liquid level height detected by the ester exchange kettle liquid level meter 30. The middle part of the ester exchange kettle 21 is provided with an ester exchange kettle stirring motor 27 and an ester exchange kettle stirrer 22, and the full reaction effect is achieved through stirring; the methanol storage tank 25 and the ester exchange catalyst storage tank 26 are respectively connected with a methanol metering pump 28 and an ester exchange catalyst metering pump 29 through pipelines, and the methanol in the methanol storage tank 25 and the catalyst in the ester exchange catalyst storage tank 26 are respectively controlled by the methanol metering pump 28 and the ester exchange catalyst metering pump 29 and are fed into the ester exchange kettle 21 at a fixed proportion with the rotating speed of the alcoholysis product melting and conveying metering pump 14.
The extraction device includes: the device comprises a crude DMT intermediate storage tank 31 and a filter 34, wherein a cooling water jacket 39 is arranged on the outer wall of the crude DMT intermediate storage tank 31, a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet are arranged on the cooling water jacket, and a cooling medium is introduced into the cooling water jacket 39 outside the intermediate storage tank. The middle part of the crude DMT intermediate storage tank 31 is provided with a stirring motor 33 and a stirring electric appliance 32, and the effect of full reaction is achieved through stirring. The crude DMT intermediate tank is connected to a regulating valve 35 through a pipeline, and the ester exchange product is continuously transported into the crude DMT intermediate tank 31 through the regulating valve 35; the bottom of the crude DMT intermediate storage tank 31 is provided with a regulating valve 36, the regulating valve 36 is connected to the filter 34 through a pipeline, and the materials pass through the regulating valve 36 and enter the filter 34 to be filtered to obtain crude DMT filter cake and filtrate. The filter cake was washed with methanol to give DMT filter cake. And rectifying and purifying the DMT filter cake to obtain pure DMT.
It should be noted that, although the above embodiments have been described herein, the invention is not limited thereto. Therefore, based on the innovative concepts of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention can be directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields by making changes and modifications to the embodiments described herein, or by using equivalent structures or equivalent processes performed by the contents of the present specification and the attached drawings, which are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A polyester material recycling and surface treatment method by utilizing laser is characterized by comprising the following steps:
putting the recycled polyester material and EG into an alcoholysis kettle for alcoholysis to obtain an alcoholysis product, wherein the temperature of alcoholysis is 170-200 ℃, the weight ratio of the polyester material to EG is 1: 1.0-2.0, and a distillation and concentration step is not needed after alcoholysis is finished;
adding methanol into the alcoholysate, and carrying out ester exchange reaction under the action of a catalyst to obtain an ester exchange product, wherein the temperature of the ester exchange reaction is 60-80 ℃, and the reaction time is 1-3 h;
crude extraction: cooling the ester exchange product to separate out DMT crystal, and filtering to obtain DMT filter cake;
fine extraction: rectifying and purifying the DMT filter cake to obtain pure DMT;
spinning: preparing the pure DMT into graphene/polyester fibers by a composite spinning process;
laser processing: generating a laser beam by a laser generator, wherein the diameter of the laser beam is smaller than that of the graphene/polyester fiber, drawing the graphene/polyester fiber to move, heating the moving surface of the graphene/polyester fiber by the laser beam, gasifying the polyester component on the surface layer of the graphene/polyester fiber irradiated by the laser beam, and exposing the graphene in the environment.
2. The method for recycling polyester materials and surface-treating polyester materials with laser according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the laser beam is 250 to 300 ℃.
3. The method for recycling polyester materials and surface-treating polyester materials with laser according to claim 2, wherein the moving speed of the graphene/polyester fiber is 0.3-0.5 m/s and the traction force applied to the graphene/polyester fiber during moving is 15-20N during the laser treatment.
4. The method for recycling the polyester material and performing surface treatment by using laser according to claim 1, wherein the step of preparing the graphene/polyester fiber by the composite spinning process comprises the following steps:
preparing graphene master batches;
slicing and melting the graphene master batch and the pure DMT or preparing a spinning melt through continuous polymerization;
extruding the spinning melt through a spinneret orifice to form a melt trickle;
cooling and solidifying the melt trickle to form nascent fiber;
and winding the primary fiber to form the graphene/polyester fiber.
5. The method for recycling the polyester material and performing the surface treatment by using the laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the recycled polyester material to EG in the alcoholysis process is 1:1.0 to 1.5, and potassium carbonate and zinc acetate are used for catalysis in the alcoholysis process.
6. The method for recycling polyester materials and surface-treating polyester materials with laser according to claim 5, wherein the weight of the catalyst used in the alcoholysis process is 0.3-3.0% of the weight of the polyester materials.
7. The method for recycling polyester materials and surface-treating polyester materials with laser according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of, before the transesterification reaction: and filtering the alcoholysis product by using a filter at the temperature of 130-180 ℃ to remove solid impurities in the alcoholysis product.
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