CN108000985A - 一种硬币用层状金属复合材料 - Google Patents

一种硬币用层状金属复合材料 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108000985A
CN108000985A CN201711158526.2A CN201711158526A CN108000985A CN 108000985 A CN108000985 A CN 108000985A CN 201711158526 A CN201711158526 A CN 201711158526A CN 108000985 A CN108000985 A CN 108000985A
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China
Prior art keywords
stainless steel
composite material
fine copper
coin
composite
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Inventor
徐明舟
秦智
安杨
杨帆
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BEIJING BEIYE FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS Corp
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BEIJING BEIYE FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
    • B32B15/015—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium the said other metal being copper or nickel or an alloy thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
    • A44C21/00—Coins; Emergency money; Beer or gambling coins or tokens, or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/03—3 layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/40—Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/536—Hardness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/554—Wear resistance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/714—Inert, i.e. inert to chemical degradation, corrosion

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Testing Of Coins (AREA)

Abstract

一种硬币用层状金属复合材料，属于金属复合材料技术领域。包括不锈钢和纯铜，经过复合轧制而成，端面呈“不锈钢/纯铜/不锈钢”的三明治式结构；复合材料中间纯铜组元层厚度占比为5‑30％，可根据不同面值硬币的重量要求确定，两端不锈钢组元层平均分配剩余厚度；复合材料所用不锈钢属于铁素体不锈钢，其化学成分的质量百分比为：铬12.00‑25.00％、硅≤0.50％、锰不大于0.50％、镍不大于0.50％，其余为铁以及不可避免的杂质。优点在于，具有较好的耐磨性能和防锈耐蚀性能，具备良好的大众防伪和机器防伪的能力。

Description

一种硬币用层状金属复合材料
技术领域
本发明属于金属复合材料技术领域，特别涉及一种硬币用层状金属复合材料。
背景技术
由于流通中人民币小面额纸币周转速度快、使用寿命短、整理清点比较困难、后续成本高等原因，越来越难以满足市场经济发展的实际需要。为了适应市场经济发展的客观要求，节约货币流通成本，我国自2000年开始推行法定辅币硬币化，硬币的发行量和流通量逐渐增大，硬币在国民经济、生活中的重要性越来越高。此外，随着物价的调整上涨以及社会购买能力的增强，小额硬币支付功能逐渐弱化，大额硬币需求随之增加，已有专家建议调整拓展硬币面值结构，增发10元、5元硬币，首先实行硬币纸币混合流通，并视我国自动售货、自助交易发展进程情况，逐步增大硬币发行量，减少该层次纸币发行量。
目前我国流通的硬币主要采用基材电镀方法制造，其局限性在于：(1)硬币基材为纯铁，硬度低，不耐磨、易生锈，因此采用电镀方式进行表面镀铜或者镀镍；(2)电镀工艺能耗高，电镀过程涉及有害物质，不利于节能、环保以及人身健康；(3)外观简单，防伪能力弱，易被造假仿冒。2012年，长春钞票处理中心平均每天清分1元硬币50万枚，可发现假币700枚左右，占清分总量0.13％左右。而襄阳市公交公司结算中心提供的数据表明，该公司近8年来从营运收人中共清理出非货币类金属板17.4万枚，其中假1元硬币64450枚，占37.5％。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种硬币用层状金属复合材料，解决了现有硬币金属复合材料基材为纯铁，硬度低，不耐磨、易生锈、电镀工艺能耗高、防伪能力弱等问题。针对现有硬币材料的上述缺陷，提供一种“三明治”式层状金属复合材料。该复合材料由两层铁素体不锈钢和一层纯铜经复合轧制而成，表面层为铁素体不锈钢，硬度明显高于纯铁并具有良好的防锈耐蚀能力。复合材料宏观外形为带状，与目前制造流通硬币用原材料类似，因此对目前硬币制造设备、工艺具有很好的适应性。
一种硬币用层状金属复合材料，包括不锈钢和纯铜，经过复合轧制而成，端面呈“不锈钢/纯铜/不锈钢”的三明治式结构；复合材料中间纯铜组元层厚度占比为5-30％，具体比例及复合材料厚度可根据不同面值硬币的重量要求确定，两端不锈钢组元层平均分配剩余厚度；该复合材料所用不锈钢属于铁素体不锈钢，其化学成分的质量百分比为：铬12.00-25.00％、硅≤0.50％、锰≤0.50％、镍≤0.50％，其余为铁以及不可避免的杂质。
优选化学成分质量百分比为铬16.00-18.00％、硅≤0.50％、锰≤0.50％、镍≤0.50％，其余为铁以及不可避免的杂质。
复合材料利用铁素体不锈钢的银白色与纯铜的紫红色色差实现外观防伪；利用铁素体不锈钢与复合材料电阻率的不同实现机器检测防伪，具有非常好的防伪能力。
目前流通硬币主要采用电涡流传感器原理进行机器防伪检测，检测信号频率从低频到高频变化。低频时主要以透射方式进行检测，此时由于趋肤效应的缘故涡流只在硬币表层流动，起检测作用的只有铁素体不锈钢组元层，有效的电阻率也是铁素体不锈钢的电阻率(51.55μΩ·cm)；当检测频率较低时，检测方式属于低频透射类别，此时由于频率低，检测输入信号可穿透整个硬币材料，此时起检测作用的为整个复合材料，有效电阻率为整个复合材料的电阻率。由此可见，复合材料硬币在检测过程中有两种不同的电阻率，与单一金属材料完全不同，具有显著的特征。
本发明优点在于：(1)外观上具有铁素体不锈钢的银白色和纯铜的紫红色，具有良好的大众防伪能力；(2)表层铁素体不锈钢层和复合材料整体具有相差非常大的电阻率，使同一种材料在机器防伪检测时具有两种明显不同的电阻率，从而具有非常好的机器防伪能力；(3)铁素体不锈钢为表面层，具有较高的硬度，因此具有较好的耐磨性能和防锈耐蚀性能，因而无需进行表面电镀。
附图说明
图1为复合材料结构示意图。
图2为电涡流传感器原理进行机器防伪检测高频反射示意图。
图3为电涡流传感器原理进行机器防伪检测低频透射示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种硬币用层状金属复合材料，包括不锈钢和纯铜，经过复合轧制而成，端面呈“不锈钢/纯铜/不锈钢”的三明治式结构；复合材料中间纯铜组元层厚度占比为5％，两端不锈钢组元层平均分配剩余厚度；该复合材料所用不锈钢属于铁素体不锈钢，其化学成分的质量百分比为：铬16.00％、硅0.50％、锰0.50％、镍0.50％，其余为铁以及不可避免的杂质。

Claims (2)

1.一种硬币用层状金属复合材料，其特征在于，复合材料由不锈钢和纯铜经过复合轧制而成，端面呈“不锈钢/纯铜/不锈钢”的三明治式结构；复合材料中间纯铜组元层厚度占比为5-30％，两端不锈钢组元层平均分配剩余厚度；复合材料所用不锈钢属于铁素体不锈钢，化学成分的质量百分比为：铬12.00-25.00％、硅≤0.50％、锰≤0.50％、镍≤0.50％，其余为铁以及不可避免的杂质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料，其特征在于，复合材料所用不锈钢属于铁素体不锈钢，化学成分质量百分比为：铬16.00-18.00％、硅≤0.50％、锰≤0.50％、镍≤0.50％，其余为铁以及不可避免的杂质。
CN201711158526.2A 2017-11-20 2017-11-20 一种硬币用层状金属复合材料 Pending CN108000985A (zh)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4973524A (en) * 1988-05-25 1990-11-27 Vdm Nickel-Technologie Aktiengesellschaft Laminated composite coins and method thereof
CN1113088A (zh) * 1993-07-08 1995-12-06 旭精工株式会社 硬币用不锈钢及不锈钢硬币的制造方法
CN101294262A (zh) * 2008-03-21 2008-10-29 中国印钞造币总公司 一种双相不锈钢
CN202197953U (zh) * 2011-07-26 2012-04-25 中国印钞造币总公司 边部具有层状防伪结构的铜合金复合材料硬币、章

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4973524A (en) * 1988-05-25 1990-11-27 Vdm Nickel-Technologie Aktiengesellschaft Laminated composite coins and method thereof
CN1113088A (zh) * 1993-07-08 1995-12-06 旭精工株式会社 硬币用不锈钢及不锈钢硬币的制造方法
CN101294262A (zh) * 2008-03-21 2008-10-29 中国印钞造币总公司 一种双相不锈钢
CN202197953U (zh) * 2011-07-26 2012-04-25 中国印钞造币总公司 边部具有层状防伪结构的铜合金复合材料硬币、章

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Application publication date: 20180508