CN107992936A - The hedging method of hedging method and flying object based on population - Google Patents
The hedging method of hedging method and flying object based on population Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to hedging method and the hedging method of flying object based on population, by the way that classical particle group algorithm and simulated annealing particle cluster algorithm are integrated, the Inertia Weight of each iteration cycle in classical particle group's algorithm is gradually reduced, so as to reduce convergence time.Present invention incorporates the advantages of classical particle group algorithm and simulated annealing particle cluster algorithm, security when unmanned plane performs task under complicated spatial domain environment can be improved, risk of collision caused by ground fixed obstacle and aerial other aircraft can not effectively be avoided in flight course by reducing unmanned plane, make it possible unmanned plane and there is human-computer communion spatial domain, can be unmanned plane safely, smoothly perform various tasks effective guarantee be provided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicle autonomous risk avoidance, in particular to a risk avoiding method based on particle swarm and a risk avoiding method of a flying object.
Background
The classical particle swarm algorithm and the simulated annealing particle swarm algorithm are algorithms which are commonly used in the obstacle danger avoiding process of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the flight process.
The classical particle swarm optimization can overcome the defect that basic particles are easy to fall into local optimum, but can increase convergence time; the simulated annealing particle swarm optimization has the defect that the convergence time is not too long, but the basic particles are easy to fall into local optimum.
In summary, in order to improve the safety of the unmanned aerial vehicle when performing tasks in a complex airspace environment and reduce the risk of collision caused by the fact that the unmanned aerial vehicle cannot effectively avoid ground fixed obstacles and other aerial vehicles in the air during the flight process, a new algorithm needs to be provided, so that the unmanned aerial vehicle can safely and smoothly perform various tasks.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a particle swarm-based risk avoiding method, which comprises the following steps of:
step S1: randomly initializing the number n of particles, and initializing the positions and the speeds of the particles to obtain the position and speed information of the particles;
step S2: obtaining an individual extreme value and a group extreme value of the particles in the current iteration period according to the position and speed information of the particles;
and step S3: if the particles meet the iteration condition, performing the steps S4-S5; if the particles do not meet the iteration condition, ending the iteration process, and obtaining the final optimal solution according to all individual extrema and group extrema in all current iteration cycles;
and step S4: updating the position and the speed of the particle to obtain the position and the speed information of the particle in the next iteration period;
step S5: comparing the position and speed information of the particles in the two iteration cycles in the step S2 and the step S4, if any one of the conditions of delta E ≦ 0 or exp (-delta E/T) > rand (0, 1) is satisfied, executing the step S2 to the step S3 again with the position and speed information of the particles in the step S4 as the standard, and if any one of the conditions is not satisfied, executing the step S2 to the step S3 again with the position and speed information of the particles in the step S2 as the standard;
in step S1, the position information and the velocity information of the particle are respectively:
X i =[x i1 x 12 … x iD ]
v i =[v i1 v 12 … v iD ]
d represents a D-dimensional vector shared by the particles, i represents the ith particle, and the value of the ith particle is between 1 and n;
Δ E is the difference between the energy corresponding to the particle state in step S4 and the energy corresponding to the particle state in step S2, k is the boltzmann constant, and T is the iteration temperature in the iteration cycle corresponding to step S4.
In step S2, the individual extremum and the group extremum of the particle are respectively
P i =[P i1 P 12 … P iD ]
P g =P g1 P g2 … P gD ]
D represents a D-dimensional vector shared by the particles, i represents the ith particle, and the value of the ith particle is between 1 and n; and the individual extreme value and the group extreme value are calculated through the fitness value of the particles.
In step S4, the position and velocity update formula of the particles is:
wherein,a value representing the updated velocity of the particle in the m-th vector,a value representing the m-th vector of the velocity before particle update;a value representing the updated position of the particle in the m-dimension vector;a value indicating that the position before the particle update is in the m-th vector;representing the value of the individual extreme value before particle updating in the m-dimension vector;representing the value of the population extreme value before particle updating in the m-dimension vector;
t represents the time difference of one iteration cycle, c 1 And c 2 Respectively representing that the acceleration coefficient is a non-negative constant; r is a radical of hydrogen 1 And r 2 Is a random constant ranging between (0, 1);
ω represents the inertial weight and this value is decremented in each iteration cycle.
In step S4, the speed of the particle is locked within a predetermined maximum speed when the speed of the particle is updated.
Wherein, in step S4, the velocity of the particle is locked within a predetermined maximum velocity by locking the velocity of the particle in the horizontal direction at a maximum value when updating the velocity of the particle.
Wherein, the calculation formula of ω is:
wherein, ω is s As an initial inertia weight, ω e Is the inertia weight when the iteration number is maximum, t is the current iteration number, t max Is the maximum number of iterations.
Wherein, the calculation formula of ω is:
wherein, ω is s Is an initial inertia weight, omega e Is the inertia weight when the iteration number is maximum, t is the current iteration number, t max Is the maximum number of iterations, c 3 Is an adjusting parameter of the inertia weight, and the value is between (0, 1).
The invention further provides a risk avoiding method for the flyer, which comprises the following steps: inputting parameter information of the flying object in the flying state into a computer; the computer then adopts the risk avoiding method based on the particle swarm to calculate to obtain operation information; then, the flying object flies according to the operation information.
The parameter information of the flying object comprises the speed of the aircraft and the environment where the aircraft is located.
The particle swarm-based risk avoiding method and the flight object risk avoiding method provided by the invention combine the advantages of the classical particle swarm algorithm and the simulated annealing particle swarm algorithm, can improve the safety of the unmanned aerial vehicle in executing tasks in a complex airspace environment, reduce the collision risk caused by the fact that the unmanned aerial vehicle cannot effectively avoid ground fixed obstacles and other aircrafts in the air in the flight process, enable the unmanned aerial vehicle and the manned aircraft to share an airspace to be possible, and can provide effective guarantee for the unmanned aerial vehicle to safely and smoothly execute various tasks.
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FIG. 1: the invention discloses a particle swarm-based risk avoiding method.
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the technical scheme and the advantages of the present invention, the technical scheme and the advantages thereof are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the classical particle swarm optimization, n particles are initialized randomly in a feasible solution space to form an initial population, a velocity is initialized randomly for each particle, each particle corresponds to a solution of an optimization problem, an adaptive value is determined by an objective function, and the velocity is used for determining the motion of the particles in the solution space. In each iteration of the algorithm, the particles track the currently found optimal solution of the particles and the currently found optimal solution of the population, and search generation by generation until the optimal solution is finally obtained.
The particle swarm algorithm comprises a large number of particles, and a population consisting of n particles in a D-dimensional space
A D-dimensional vector can represent the ith particle
X i =[x i1 x 12 … x iD ]
The position of the ith particle in the D-dimensional space is represented, a fitness function is determined according to the practical problem, and the fitness value is calculated according to the fitness function, wherein the speed of the ith particle is
v i =[v i1 v 12 … v iD ]
Individual extremum of
P i =[P i1 P 12 …P iD ]
Global extremum
P g =[P g1 P g2 … P gD ]
Simulated annealing particle swarm algorithm was invented by S.Kirkpatrick, C.D.Gelatt and M.P.Vecchi in 1983. The essence of the simulated annealing algorithm is to simulate the annealing process in a thermodynamic system, and to visualize each effective particle as a molecule in air, each molecule having its own individual energy, i.e., kinetic energy, to indicate how appropriate the particle is for the problem to be solved. The simulated annealing particle swarm optimization adds random factors on the basis of a greedy algorithm, namely a solution worse than the current solution is received with a certain probability, and the probability is dynamically and gradually reduced along with time. The simulated annealing particle swarm algorithm is also an algorithm for solving the optimization problem. The simulated annealing adopts Metropolis standard so that the simulated annealing has the characteristic of snap-through.
The invention integrates the idea that the preset probability in the simulated annealing particle swarm optimization gradually reduces along with time into the classical particle swarm optimization, thereby forming the risk avoiding method based on the particle swarm, and the advantage of integrating the simulated annealing particle swarm optimization into the particle swarm optimization is that once a local environment is entered in the algorithm optimization, the population particles can have the maximum probability to accept the poor-quality solution, thereby jumping out of the environment and achieving the purpose of optimization, and the later temperature is gradually reduced, thereby realizing the global optimal solution.
As shown in fig. 1, which is a flowchart for implementing the particle swarm-based risk avoiding method of the present invention, as shown in the figure, the particle swarm-based risk avoiding method provided by the present invention includes the following steps:
step S1: randomly initializing the number n of particles, and initializing the positions and speeds of the particles to obtain the position and speed information of the particles:
X i =[x i1 x 12 …x iD ]
v i =[v i1 v 12 … v 1D ];
d represents a D-dimensional vector shared by the particles, and i represents the ith particle, and the value of the ith particle is between 1 and n.
Step S2: determining the fitness value of the particles according to the position and speed information of the particles to obtain the individual extreme value and the group extreme value of the particles in the current iteration period:
P i =[P i1 P 12 … P iD ]
P g =[P g1 P g2 … P gD ]。
and step S3: if the particles meet the iteration condition, performing steps S4-S5; if the particles do not meet the iteration condition, the iteration process is ended, and the final optimal solution is obtained according to all individual extremum and group extremum in all current iteration cycles.
And step S4: updating the position and the speed of the particle to obtain the position and the speed information of the particle in the next iteration period:
wherein,representing the value of the updated velocity of the particle in the m-th vector,a value representing the m-dimensional vector of the velocity before particle update;a value representing the updated position of the particle in the m-dimension vector;a value representing a position before particle update in the m-dimensional vector;representing the value of the individual extreme value before particle updating in the m-dimension vector;representing the value of the m-dimension vector of the extreme value of the population before particle updating;
t represents the time difference of one iteration cycle, c 1 And c 2 Respectively representing that the acceleration coefficient is a non-negative constant; r is 1 And r 2 Is a random constant ranging between (0, 1);
ω represents an inertial weight, and this value is decremented in each iteration cycle;
specifically, ω may be linearly weighted down:
wherein, ω is s Is an initial inertia weight, omega e Is the inertia weight when the iteration number is maximum, t is the current iteration number, t max Is the maximum number of iterations.
Alternatively, ω may also be non-linearly weighted down:
wherein, ω is s Is an initial inertia weight, omega e Is the inertia weight when the iteration number is maximum, t is the current iteration number, t max Is the maximum number of iterations, c 3 Is an adjusting parameter of the inertia weight, and the value is between (0, 1).
In the present invention, when updating the velocity of the particle, it is necessary to lock the velocity of the particle within a predetermined maximum velocity. Specifically, the speed of the particles in the horizontal direction is locked at a maximum value, so that the speed of the particles is locked within a preset maximum speed, that is, only the speed in the horizontal direction of the same height needs to be adjusted according to the risk avoidance principle of the aircraft, so that the aircraft has a maximum horizontal speed.
Step S5: comparing the position and speed information of the particles in the two iteration cycles in the step S2 and the step S4, if any one of the conditions that delta E is less than or equal to 0 or exp (-delta E/T) > rand (0, 1) is satisfied, executing the step S2 to the step S3 again by taking the position and speed information of the particles in the step S4 as the standard, and if any one of the conditions is not satisfied, executing the step S2 to the step S3 again by taking the position and speed information of the particles in the step S2 as the standard until the iteration is finished, and finding the optimal solution.
Wherein Δ E is a difference between the energy value corresponding to the particle after update and the energy value corresponding to the particle before update, and k isBoltzmann constant, T is the iterative temperature of the iterative period corresponding to the updated particle, and the calculation formula of the initialization temperature of the first iterative period is as follows: t is t 0 =f(p g )/ln5。
That is, the present invention accepts the degradation solution with a certain probability based on the Metropolis criterion (accepting new states with probability), thereby giving the algorithm a global optimization capability to escape local extrema and avoid premature convergence. For an annealing system, a new state j is generated from the current state i, and if E (i) > E (j), the new state j is accepted (Δ E = E (j) -E (i)), otherwise the new state j is accepted with a probability exp (- Δ E/kT), where k is the Boltzmann constant and T is the temperature. The core of the whole algorithm is to calculate the energy change of the system, namely Delta E, if the energy change is less than 0, the new movement will reduce the energy of the system, and then accept (the lower is more stable), if the energy change is more than 0, a random number alpha between 0 and 1 is generated and compared with exp (-Delta E/kT), if alpha > exp (-Delta E/kT), the new movement is rejected, otherwise, the new movement is accepted, and the degradation solution is accepted with a certain probability.
The invention further provides a risk avoiding method for the flyer, which comprises the following steps: inputting parameter information of the flyer in the flying state into a computer; the computer then adopts the risk avoiding method based on the particle swarm to calculate to obtain operation information; then, the flying object flies according to the operation information. The input parameter information includes the speed of the flying object and the surrounding environment of the flying object, specifically, the maximum speed of the flying object limits the maximum speed of the particles, the surrounding environment of the flying object can be the actual environment around the flying object known by radar or a pre-fabricated electronic map, all fixed and moving obstacles are regarded as damaged particles, and the particles can be automatically avoided when a risk avoidance algorithm is performed.
The particle swarm based risk avoiding method and the flight object risk avoiding method provided by the invention combine the advantages of a classical particle swarm algorithm and a simulated annealing particle swarm algorithm, can improve the safety of the unmanned aerial vehicle in executing tasks in a complex airspace environment, reduce the collision danger caused by the fact that the unmanned aerial vehicle cannot effectively avoid fixed ground obstacles and other aerial vehicles in the air in the flight process, enable the unmanned aerial vehicle and the manned aircraft to share an airspace to be possible, and can provide effective guarantee for the unmanned aerial vehicle to safely and smoothly execute various tasks.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A particle swarm-based risk avoiding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: randomly initializing the number n of particles, and initializing the positions and the speeds of the particles to obtain the position and speed information of the particles;
step S2: obtaining an individual extreme value and a group extreme value of the particles in the current iteration period according to the position and speed information of the particles;
and step S3: if the particles meet the iteration condition, performing steps S4-S5; if the particles do not meet the iteration condition, ending the iteration process, and obtaining the final optimal solution according to all individual extrema and group extrema in all current iteration cycles;
and step S4: updating the position and the speed of the particle to obtain the position and the speed information of the particle in the next iteration period;
step S5: comparing the position and speed information of the particles in the two iteration cycles in the step S2 and the step S4, if any one of delta E ≦ 0 or exp (-delta E/T) > rand (0, 1) is satisfied, performing the steps S2-S3 again based on the position and speed information of the particles in the step S4, and if any one of the above conditions is not satisfied, performing the steps S2-S3 again based on the position and speed information of the particles in the step S2;
in step S1, the position information and the speed information of the particles are respectively:
X i =[x i1 x 12 … x iD ]
v i =[v i1 v 12 … v iD ]
d represents a particle total D-dimension vector, i represents an ith particle, and the value of the ith particle is between 1 and n;
Δ E is the difference between the energy corresponding to the particle state in step S4 and the energy corresponding to the particle state in step S2, k is the boltzmann constant, and T is the iteration temperature in the iteration cycle corresponding to step S4.
2. The particle swarm-based risk avoiding method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, the individual extremum and the group extremum of the particle are respectively
P i =[P i1 P 12 … P iD ]
P g =[P g1 P g2 … P gD ]
D represents a D-dimensional vector shared by the particles, i represents the ith particle, and the value of the ith particle is between 1 and n; and the individual extreme value and the group extreme value are calculated through the fitness value of the particles.
3. The particle swarm-based risk avoiding method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S4, the position and velocity update formula of the particle is:
wherein,representing the value of the updated velocity of the particle in the m-th vector,a value representing the m-dimensional vector of the velocity before particle update;a value representing the updated position of the particle in the m-dimension vector;a value representing a position before particle update in the m-dimensional vector;representing the value of the individual extreme value before particle updating in the m-dimension vector;representing the value of the m-dimension vector of the extreme value of the population before particle updating;
t represents the time difference of one iteration cycle, c 1 And c 2 Respectively representing that the acceleration coefficient is a non-negative constant; r is a radical of hydrogen 1 And r 2 Is a random constant ranging between (0, 1);
ω represents the inertial weight and this value is decremented in each iteration cycle.
4. The particle swarm-based risk avoiding method according to claim 3, wherein: in step S4, the speed of the particle is locked within a predetermined maximum speed when the speed of the particle is updated.
5. The particle swarm-based risk avoidance method of claim 4, wherein: in step S4, the velocity of the particle is locked within a predetermined maximum velocity by locking the velocity of the particle in the horizontal direction at a maximum value when updating the velocity of the particle.
6. A particle swarm-based risk avoidance method according to claim 3, wherein: the formula for ω is:
wherein, ω is s Is an initial inertia weight, omega e Is the inertia weight when the iteration number is maximum, t is the current iteration number, t max Is the maximum number of iterations.
7. The particle swarm-based risk avoiding method according to claim 3, wherein: the formula for ω is:
wherein, ω is s Is an initial inertia weight, omega e Is the inertia weight when the iteration number is maximum, t is the current iteration number, t max Is the maximum number of iterations, c 3 Is an adjusting parameter of the inertia weight, and the value is between (0, 1).
8. A risk avoiding method for a flying object is characterized by comprising the following steps: inputting parameter information of the flying object in the flying state into a computer; the computer then adopts the risk avoiding method based on the particle swarm as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 to calculate to obtain operation information; then, the flying object flies according to the operation information.
9. A method as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the parameter information of the flyer comprises the speed of the aircraft and the environment where the aircraft is located.
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