CN107992688B - Automatic design equipment and automatic design method for locomotive traction gear - Google Patents
Automatic design equipment and automatic design method for locomotive traction gear Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses automatic design equipment and an automatic design method for a locomotive traction gear, wherein the automatic design equipment is divided into three modules: a locomotive traction gear scheme automatic design module; a locomotive traction gear geometric dimension calculation module; locomotive traction gear precision calculation module. A, designing a plurality of groups of design schemes by an automatic design module of a locomotive traction gear; B. the locomotive traction gear geometric dimension calculation module selects a group of reasonable design schemes from the design schemes of the locomotive traction gear automatic design module, calculates the gear geometric parameters of the design schemes, and gives an alarm to prompt when the calculated gear geometric parameters do not meet the requirements; C. and the locomotive traction gear precision calculation module calculates the precision value of the traction gear after the geometric dimension of the locomotive traction gear is calculated to be correct. The device and the method have an automatic scheme making function. Has the functions of alarming, prompting and the like. The error of traditional calculation can be effectively avoided, and the design efficiency is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to automatic design equipment and an automatic design method for a locomotive traction gear.
Background
The locomotive traction gear is an important component of the locomotive, and the locomotive is developing towards high speed and heavy load along with the progress of production and scientific technology. The gear parameters of the locomotive are complicated, the design calculation is influenced by a plurality of factors and parameters, great errors can be caused by carelessness, great energy and endurance are required, and great obstacles are created for rapid scheme making.
At present, gear calculation software on the market is more, the software is obtained by listing relevant formulas according to gear design standards, the purchase cost is high, the usability of the locomotive is poor, the operation is complex, a plurality of functions cannot be used, and the design cost performance of a locomotive traction gear is low.
The existing gear design software and method on the market have the following defects: the purchasing cost is high, a plurality of functions can not be used, the locomotive usability is poor, the operation is complicated, and design experience values and parameter range prompts of related parameters are avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problem that the existing automatic design equipment and design method for the locomotive traction gear have the defects, provides the automatic design equipment and the automatic design method for the locomotive traction gear, sets the range value of related parameters according to the design experience of the locomotive traction gear, has the functions of warning prompt and the like, can automatically set multiple groups of gear design schemes by software, can calculate the geometric dimension and the precision of the gear after selecting a group of reasonable schemes, and provides a convenient and quick method for the design of the locomotive traction gear.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the automatic design equipment for the locomotive traction gear comprises an automatic design module for the locomotive traction gear, a geometric dimension calculation module for the locomotive traction gear and a precision calculation module for the locomotive traction gear, wherein the automatic design module for the locomotive traction gear determines a plurality of gear design schemes according to known input and constraint conditions, then the geometric dimension calculation module for the locomotive traction gear selects one design scheme, sets a deflection coefficient and calculates geometric parameters of the gear, and the precision calculation module for the locomotive traction gear performs precision calculation when the dimension calculation of the geometric dimension calculation module for the locomotive traction gear is correct and finally outputs a result.
An automatic design method for a locomotive traction gear,
A. inputting the known conditions into an automatic design module of a locomotive traction gear through an input system, establishing gear design constraint conditions by the automatic design module of the locomotive traction gear, and designing a plurality of groups of design schemes after the constraint conditions are checked to be qualified;
B. the locomotive traction gear geometric dimension calculation module selects a group of reasonable design schemes from the design schemes of the locomotive traction gear automatic design module, sets a deflection coefficient according to the principle that a driving gear and a driven gear keep positive deflection, further calculates the gear geometric parameters of the design schemes, and prompts appear on the interface when the calculated gear geometric parameters are smaller than or exceed the set empirical value, and causes of errors appear after clicking;
C. and the locomotive traction gear precision calculation module calculates the precision value of the traction gear after the geometric dimension of the locomotive traction gear is calculated to be correct.
The step A is specifically as follows:
inputting known parameters such as wheel abrasion diameter, locomotive limit, gearbox wall thickness, given center distance A, pressure angle alpha, transmission ratio range and the like into a locomotive traction gear automatic design module through an input system;
secondly, establishing a gear design constraint condition by a locomotive traction gear automatic design module;
automatic module for designing locomotive traction gear automatically calculates module mnRange, determining tooth number Z;
fourthly, the automatic design module of the locomotive traction gear calculates and determines the tooth number Z of the driving gear according to the transmission ratio and the standard center distance1And number of driven gear teeth Z2；
And fifthly, after the constraint condition calculation and inspection are qualified, the locomotive traction gear automatic design module outputs a plurality of groups of tooth numbers and modules.
The modulus ranges from 7 to 12, and the pressure angle alpha is 20 degrees, 22.5 degrees and 25 degrees.
The number of teeth Z, the given center distance A and the modulus mnShould satisfy Z < 2A/mn。
The standard center distance A' and the modulus mnPressure angle alpha, number of teeth of driving gear Z1And number of driven gear teeth Z2The functional relationship between the two is
The constraint condition comprises the maximum value D of the radius of the addendum circlemaxCoincidence degree epsilonαTooth top thickness, slip ratio and tooth profile interference parameters.
The maximum value of the addendum circle radius satisfies DmaxR-mh-jx-hd-xj is less than or equal to R, wherein: r-wheel radius, mh-wheel abrasion loss, jx-locomotive limit, hd-gear box wall thickness, xj-tooth top and box body gap;
the contact ratio epsilonαSatisfies epsilonα≥1.4；
The tooth crest thickness is more than 0.4 times of modulus and more than 3mm, namely:
in the formula: daDiameter of addendum circle, mn-the modulus; saThickness of addendum circle, alpha-pressure angle, Z-number of teeth, mn-a modulus; the slip ratio should satisfy the difference of the slip ratio of the driving gear and the driven gear is 0.1, namely:
in the formula eta1Slip ratio of the driving gear, η2From gear ratio, Z1Number of driving gear teeth, Z2Number of driven gear teeth, αα1Pressure angle of addendum circle of the driving gear, αα2Slave gear tooth tip circle pressure angle, mu-gear ratio, alphat"dog angle;
the tooth profile interference parameters comprise curvature radius rho at a tooth profile dividing pointlAnd radius of curvature at root of working tooth ρpAnd the curvature radius rho at the tooth profile dividing pointlLess than radius of curvature rho at root of working toothpNamely:
ρp＝a'·sinα′t-0.5db·tanαa
in the formula: d-reference circle diameter, alphatAngle of pressure, hanCrest coefficient of toothnCoefficient of tip clearance, r-root fillet halfDiameter coefficient, αnAngle of pressure, X-deflection coefficient, dbDiameter of base circle, mnModulus, α' -centre distance, αtAngle of engagement, alphaa-addendum circle pressure angle.
The geometric parameters of the gear comprise the radius of an addendum circle and a module mnTooth number Z, addendum circle diameter, tooth height, addendum circle pressure angle, tooth span number, common normal length, contact ratio epsilonαTooth top thickness, slip ratio, tooth profile interference parameters; the errors and the error reasons comprise: maximum radius of addendum circle Dmax>Wheel radius, abrasion loss, locomotive clearance, gear box wall thickness, tooth top and box body clearance, and at the moment, an error warning is generated on an interface to prompt a scheme to be reselected; the thickness of the tooth edge is 1.56 times smaller than the height of the tooth, and the interface prompts that the safety margin of the tooth edge is smaller and the strength check is needed; the contact ratio is less than 1.4, and the interface prompts to revise the tooth number again to make the contact ratio greater than 1.4; the thickness of the tooth top is less than 0.4 times of the modulus or less than 3mm, and at the moment, the interface prompts readjustment of the tooth number and the displacement coefficient; when the difference of the slip ratio is larger than 0.1, the interface prompt difference is larger, and the adjustment of the deflection coefficient is considered; the curvature radius at the tooth profile boundary point is larger than that at the working tooth root, and the interface prompts tooth profile interference at the moment; the driving gear deflection coefficient is smaller than the driven gear deflection coefficient, and the interface prompts the redistribution of the deflection coefficient.
The precision values comprise the diameter of a working circle, the diameter difference between the working circle and a forming circle, the diameter of the forming circle, the pressure angle at the forming circle, the spread angle at the addendum circle, the spread angle at a pitch circle, the tooth thickness deviation, the tooth thickness tolerance, the maximum assembly backlash, the normal deviation and the nominal tooth thickness.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the design device and the design method special for the locomotive traction gear have an automatic scheme making function. The design method summarizes the design experience of the locomotive traction gear, sets the experience value of the relevant parameter, and has the functions of warning and prompting when the calculated parameter exceeds the experience value. The design method replaces manual calculation, is convenient and visual to operate, can effectively avoid errors of traditional calculation, and greatly improves the design efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an automatic design equipment for a locomotive traction gear.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an automated design module calculation for a method of automatically designing a locomotive traction gear.
Detailed Description
The following will further describe the automatic design equipment and the automatic design method of the locomotive traction gear with reference to the attached drawings.
The automatic design equipment for the locomotive traction gear is divided into three modules: a locomotive traction gear scheme automatic design module; a locomotive traction gear geometric dimension calculation module; locomotive traction gear precision calculation module. The automatic design module of the locomotive traction gear scheme comprises: the module uses the thought of mechanical optimization design to take the tooth number and the modulus as optimization target parameters, and takes the design experience values of addendum circle radius, pressure angle, tooth edge thickness, contact ratio, tooth top thickness, sliding ratio and tooth shape interference inspection as constraint conditions, so as to realize the automatic scheme design function of the locomotive traction gear, and the module can determine a plurality of groups of design schemes.
The geometric dimension calculation module of the locomotive traction gear comprises: and selecting a group of reasonable design schemes from the schemes determined by the automatic design module, setting a displacement coefficient to further calculate the addendum circle radius, the modulus, the contact ratio, the tooth top thickness, the sliding ratio, the tooth profile interference test value and the like, wherein when the calculated value is smaller than or exceeds the set empirical value, a red prompt appears on the interface, and the error reason appears after clicking.
The locomotive traction gear precision calculation module: and the geometric dimension in the dimension calculation module enters the precision calculation module after being calculated, and tooth profile tolerance, tooth thickness deviation, tooth thickness tolerance, maximum assembly backlash, nominal line deviation, nominal tooth thickness and the like are calculated.
The automatic design module of the locomotive traction gear determines a plurality of groups of gear design schemes according to known input and constraint conditions, then the geometric dimension calculation module of the locomotive traction gear selects a group of design schemes, sets a deflection coefficient and calculates geometric parameters of the gear, the precision calculation module of the locomotive traction gear performs precision calculation when the dimension calculation of the geometric dimension calculation module of the locomotive traction gear is correct, and finally a result is output.
An automatic design method for a locomotive traction gear,
A. inputting known conditions into an automatic design module of a locomotive traction gear through a locomotive, establishing gear design constraint conditions by the automatic design module of the locomotive traction gear, and designing a plurality of groups of design schemes after the constraint conditions are checked to be qualified;
the automatic design process is as follows, as shown in FIG. 2:
firstly, inputting known parameters such as wheel abrasion diameter, locomotive limit, gearbox wall thickness, given center distance A, pressure angle alpha, transmission ratio range and the like into a locomotive traction gear automatic design module through a locomotive;
secondly, establishing a gear design constraint condition by a locomotive traction gear automatic design module;
automatic module for designing locomotive traction gear automatically calculates module mnThe range, the determined tooth number Z, the modulus range is 7-12, and the pressure angle alpha is 20 degrees, 22.5 degrees and 25 degrees; to ensure positive deflection of the gear, the number of teeth Z, the given center distance A and the modulus mnShould satisfy Z < 2A/mnAnd is an integer;
fourthly, determining the tooth number Z1 of the driving gear and the tooth number Z2 of the driven gear according to parameters such as the transmission ratio and the like; the function relationship among the standard center distance A', the module mn, the pressure angle alpha, the driving gear tooth number Z1 and the driven gear tooth number Z2 is
And fifthly, after the constraint condition calculation and inspection are qualified, the locomotive traction gear automatic design module outputs a plurality of groups of tooth numbers and modules.
B. The locomotive traction gear geometric dimension calculation module selects a group of reasonable design schemes from the design schemes of the locomotive traction gear automatic design module, sets a deflection coefficient according to the principle that a driving gear and a driven gear keep positive deflection, further calculates the gear geometric parameters of the design schemes, and when the calculated gear geometric parameters are smaller than or exceed the set empirical value, a red prompt appears on the interface, and an error reason appears after clicking; error and cause of errorThe method comprises the following steps: maximum radius of addendum circle Dmax>Wheel radius, abrasion loss, locomotive clearance, gear box wall thickness, tooth top and box body clearance, and at the moment, an error warning is generated on an interface to prompt a scheme to be reselected; the thickness of the tooth edge is 1.56 times smaller than the height of the tooth, and the interface prompts that the safety margin of the tooth edge is smaller and the strength check is needed; the contact ratio is less than 1.4, and the interface prompts to revise the tooth number again to make the contact ratio greater than 1.4; the thickness of the tooth top is less than 0.4 times of the modulus or less than 3mm, and at the moment, the interface prompts readjustment of the tooth number and the displacement coefficient; when the difference of the slip ratio is larger than 0.1, the interface prompt difference is larger, and the adjustment of the deflection coefficient is considered; the curvature radius at the tooth profile boundary point is larger than that at the working tooth root, and the interface prompts tooth profile interference at the moment; the driving gear deflection coefficient is smaller than the driven gear deflection coefficient, and the interface prompts the redistribution of the deflection coefficient.
C. And the locomotive traction gear precision calculation module calculates the precision value of the traction gear after the geometric dimension of the locomotive traction gear is calculated to be correct. The precision values comprise the diameter of a working circle, the diameter difference between the working circle and a forming circle, the diameter of the forming circle, the pressure angle at the forming circle, the spread angle at the addendum circle, the spread angle at a pitch circle, the tooth thickness deviation, the tooth thickness tolerance, the maximum assembly backlash, the normal deviation and the nominal tooth thickness.
The constraints are as follows:
1) the maximum radius of addendum circle satisfies DmaxR-mh-jx-hd-xj is less than or equal to R, wherein: r-wheel radius, mh-wheel abrasion loss, jx-locomotive limit, hd-gear box wall thickness, xj-tooth top and box body gap;
the contact ratio epsilonαSatisfies epsilonα≥1.4；
2) The tooth top thickness is more than 0.4 times modulus and more than 3mm, namely:
in the formula: daDiameter of addendum circle, mn-the modulus; saThickness of addendum circle, alpha-pressure angle, Z-number of teeth, mn-a modulus;
3) the slip ratio should satisfy the difference of the slip ratio of the driving gear and the driven gear is 0.1, namely:
in the formula eta1Slip ratio of the driving gear, η2From gear ratio, Z1Number of driving gear teeth, Z2Number of driven gear teeth, αα1Pressure angle of addendum circle of the driving gear, αα2Slave gear tooth tip circle pressure angle, mu-gear ratio, alphat"dog angle;
4) the tooth profile interference parameters comprise curvature radius rho at a tooth profile dividing pointlAnd radius of curvature at root of working tooth ρpAnd the curvature radius rho at the tooth profile dividing pointlLess than radius of curvature rho at root of working toothpNamely:
ρp＝a'·sinα′t-0.5db·tanαa
in the formula: d-reference circle diameter, alphatAngle of pressure, hαnCrest coefficient of toothnCoefficient of tip clearance, r coefficient of root fillet radius, αnAngle of pressure, X-deflection coefficient, dbDiameter of base circle, mnModulus, α' -centre distance, αtAngle of engagement, alphaα-addendum circle pressure angle.
Claims (5)
1. Locomotive traction gear automatic design equipment which characterized in that: the system comprises an automatic design module of a locomotive traction gear, a geometric dimension calculation module of the locomotive traction gear and a precision calculation module of the locomotive traction gear, wherein the automatic design module of the locomotive traction gear determines a plurality of groups of gear design schemes according to known input and constraint conditions, then the geometric dimension calculation module of the locomotive traction gear selects a group of design schemes, sets a deflection coefficient and calculates geometric parameters of the gear, and the precision calculation module of the locomotive traction gear performs precision calculation when the dimension calculation of the geometric dimension calculation module of the locomotive traction gear is correct and finally outputs a result;
A. the method comprises the following steps of inputting known conditions into an automatic design module of a locomotive traction gear through an input system of the locomotive, establishing gear design constraint conditions by the automatic design module of the locomotive traction gear, and designing a plurality of groups of design schemes after the constraint conditions are qualified by inspection, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
firstly, inputting known parameters of wheel abrasion diameter, locomotive limit, gearbox wall thickness, given center distance A, pressure angle alpha and transmission ratio range into a locomotive traction gear automatic design module through an input system;
secondly, establishing a gear design constraint condition by the locomotive traction gear automatic design module, wherein the constraint condition comprises the maximum value D of the addendum circle radiusmaxCoincidence degree epsilonαTooth top thickness, sliding ratio and tooth profile interference parameters;
the maximum value of the addendum circle radius satisfies DmaxR-mh-jx-hd-xj is less than or equal to R, wherein: r-wheel radius, mh-wheel abrasion loss, jx-locomotive limit, hd-gear box wall thickness, xj-tooth top and box body gap;
the contact ratio epsilonαSatisfies epsilonα≥1.4；
The tooth crest thickness is more than 0.4 times of modulus and more than 3mm, namely:
in the formula: daDiameter of addendum circle, mn-the modulus; saThickness of addendum circle, alpha-pressure angle, Z-number of teeth, mn-a modulus;
the slip ratio should satisfy the difference of the slip ratio of the driving gear and the driven gear is 0.1, namely:
in the formula eta1Slip ratio of the driving gear, η2From gear ratio, Z1Number of driving gear teeth, Z2Number of driven gear teeth, αα1Pressure angle of addendum circle of the driving gear, αα2Slave gear tooth tip circle pressure angle, mu-gear ratio, alphat"dog angle;
the tooth profile interference parameters comprise curvature radius rho at a tooth profile dividing pointlAnd radius of curvature at root of working tooth ρpAnd the curvature radius rho at the tooth profile dividing pointlLess than radius of curvature rho at root of working toothpNamely:
ρp＝a'·sinα′t-0.5db·tanαa
in the formula: d-reference circle diameter, alphatAngle of pressure, hanCrest coefficient of toothnCoefficient of tip clearance, r coefficient of root fillet radius, αnAngle of pressure, X-deflection coefficient, dbDiameter of base circle, mnModulus, α' -centre distance, αtAngle of engagement, alphaα-addendum circle pressure angle;
the locomotive traction gear automatic design module automatically calculates the module range and determines the tooth number Z;
fourthly, the automatic design module of the locomotive traction gear calculates and determines the tooth number Z of the driving gear according to the transmission ratio and the standard center distance1And number of driven gear teeth Z2；
After the constraint condition calculation and inspection are qualified, the locomotive traction gear automatic design module outputs a plurality of groups of tooth numbers and modules;
B. the locomotive traction gear geometric dimension calculation module selects a group of reasonable design schemes from the design schemes of the locomotive traction gear automatic design module, sets a deflection coefficient according to the principle that a driving gear and a driven gear keep positive deflection, further calculates the gear geometric parameters of the design schemes, when the calculated gear geometric parameters are smaller than or exceed a set empirical value, a prompt appears on an interface, and error reasons appear after clicking, wherein the gear geometric parameters comprise addendum circle semi-circleDiameter and modulus mnTooth number Z, addendum circle diameter, tooth height, addendum circle pressure angle, tooth span number, common normal length, contact ratio, tooth top thickness, sliding ratio and tooth profile interference parameters; the errors and the error reasons comprise: maximum radius of addendum circle Dmax>Wheel radius, abrasion loss, locomotive clearance, gear box wall thickness, tooth top and box body clearance, and at the moment, an error warning is generated on an interface to prompt a scheme to be reselected; the thickness of the tooth edge is 1.56 times smaller than the height of the tooth, and the interface prompts that the safety margin of the tooth edge is smaller, and strength check is needed; the contact ratio is less than 1.4, and the interface prompts to revise the tooth number again to make the contact ratio greater than 1.4; the thickness of the tooth top is less than 0.4 times of the modulus or less than 3mm, and at the moment, the interface prompts readjustment of the tooth number and the displacement coefficient; when the difference of the slip ratios is larger than 0.1, the interface prompt difference is larger, and the adjustment of the deflection coefficient is considered; the curvature radius at the tooth profile boundary point is larger than that at the working tooth root, and the interface prompts tooth profile interference at the moment; the driving gear deflection coefficient is smaller than the driven gear deflection coefficient, and the interface prompts the redistribution of the deflection coefficient;
C. and the locomotive traction gear precision calculation module calculates the precision value of the traction gear after the geometric dimension of the locomotive traction gear is calculated to be correct.
2. The locomotive traction gear automatic design device of claim 1, wherein: the modulus ranges from 7 to 12, and the pressure angle alpha is 20 degrees, 22.5 degrees and 25 degrees.
3. The locomotive traction gear automatic design device of claim 1, wherein: the number of teeth Z, the given center distance A and the modulus mnShould satisfy Z < 2A/mn。
4. The locomotive traction gear automatic design device of claim 1, wherein: the standard center distance A' and the modulus mnPressure angle alpha, number of teeth of driving gear Z1And number of driven gear teeth Z2The functional relationship between the two is
5. The locomotive traction gear automatic design device of claim 1, wherein: the precision values comprise the diameter of a working circle, the diameter difference between the working circle and a forming circle, the diameter of the forming circle, the pressure angle at the forming circle, the spread angle at the addendum circle, the spread angle at a pitch circle, the tooth thickness deviation, the tooth thickness tolerance, the maximum assembly backlash, the normal deviation and the nominal tooth thickness.
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